CN114343069A - Pig feed and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Pig feed and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN114343069A CN114343069A CN202111074305.3A CN202111074305A CN114343069A CN 114343069 A CN114343069 A CN 114343069A CN 202111074305 A CN202111074305 A CN 202111074305A CN 114343069 A CN114343069 A CN 114343069A
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- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 9
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 97
- 229940036811 bone meal Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 239000002374 bone meal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 235000013619 trace mineral Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000011573 trace mineral Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 235000017060 Arachis glabrata Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 244000105624 Arachis hypogaea Species 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 235000010777 Arachis hypogaea Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 235000018262 Arachis monticola Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 235000020232 peanut Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 claims abstract description 12
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- 235000012333 Vitis X labruscana Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 240000006365 Vitis vinifera Species 0.000 claims abstract description 12
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- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 235000012054 meals Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 240000001548 Camellia japonica Species 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 108010073178 Glucan 1,4-alpha-Glucosidase Proteins 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 102100022624 Glucoamylase Human genes 0.000 claims abstract description 4
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract 7
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- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 claims description 30
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 27
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- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 claims description 20
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- 241000304195 Salvia miltiorrhiza Species 0.000 claims description 11
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- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229940111205 diastase Drugs 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005469 granulation Methods 0.000 claims description 5
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- 229920006255 plastic film Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
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- 235000015278 beef Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
- Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production
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- Fodder In General (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of feed processing, and particularly relates to a pig feed and a preparation method thereof. The pig feed comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 45-65% of dry powder of saccharifying enzyme filter residue, 10-20% of soybean hull powder, 5-10% of alfalfa meal, 5-10% of grape skin residue, 5-10% of camellia residue, 1-3% of bone meal, 0.5-1% of peanut powder, 1-2% of salt, 1-2% of composite plant powder and 1-2% of composite trace elements, and is prepared by adopting a specific method. According to the invention, the glucoamylase filter residues are used as main raw materials, and various production waste components are combined, so that the environmental pollution caused by waste can be effectively reduced, the feed cost is reduced, and the breeding benefit is improved; the added composite plant powder and composite trace elements can improve the growth performance of pigs, ensure the healthy growth of the pigs, reduce the occurrence of diseases and increase the utilization rate of feed.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of feed processing, and particularly relates to a pig feed and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The pig industry in China has a long history, has a great position in the production of the pig industry in the world, and the meat production structure condition in the world is as follows: 38.4 percent of pork, 23.6 percent of beef, 4.7 percent of mutton, 30.1 percent of poultry and 40 percent of human meat are from pigs, so that the pork is still the most popular meat food in the world, China is the country with the most population in the world and also a meat producing country, and in order to meet market demands, the requirements of pig feed are relatively low by utilizing the omnivory of pigs, the feed industry in China is an industry prosperous in recent years, the feed industry is continuously and deeply developed along with the development and improvement of animal nutrition and feed science level, the pig feed products in the market are various, the scientific and technical development of pig raising is rapid, the nutrition balance and growth and development conditions of pigs are directly related to the pig feed, and compared with the league pig raising industry, the pig feed is the most key, and the components of the pig feed at present stage are mainly corn, wheat bran and feed additives; the saccharifying enzyme filter residue is waste generated in the saccharifying enzyme production process, serious environmental pollution is caused by non-treatment, and the treatment cost is too high.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the technical problems, the invention aims to provide a pig feed and a preparation method thereof, which can solve the problem of waste pollution, promote the growth of pigs, reduce the morbidity and improve the breeding benefit.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a pig feed comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 45-65% of dry powder of saccharifying enzyme filter residue, 10-20% of soybean hull powder, 5-10% of alfalfa meal, 5-10% of grape skin residue, 5-10% of camellia residue, 1-3% of bone meal, 0.5-1% of peanut powder, 1-2% of salt, 1-2% of composite plant powder and 1-2% of composite trace elements.
Further, the water content of the dry powder of the saccharifying enzyme filter residue is less than or equal to 9 percent.
Further, the composite plant powder comprises eucommia bark powder, salvia miltiorrhiza powder and ginger powder.
Further, the compound trace elements comprise 50-200Mg/kg of Fe, 5-10Mg/kg of Cu, 50-150Mg/kg of Zn, 2-4Mg/kg of Mn, 70-90Mg/kg of Mg, 0.1-0.2Mg/kg of Se and 0.1-0.15Mg/kg of I.
The preparation method of the pig feed comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting raw materials for later use: weighing dry powder of the diastase filter residue according to the mass percentage for later use; naturally airing and grinding soybean hulls, alfalfa, grape skin residues, camellia sinensis residues, eucommia ulmoides, salvia miltiorrhiza and ginger into powder, and respectively weighing the powder for later use according to mass percentage; weighing bone meal according to the mass percentage, fully mixing the bone meal with water to prepare bone meal sauce, and cooking and cooling the bone meal sauce for later use; weighing salt and composite trace elements according to mass percentage for later use;
(2) preparing a premix: mixing the weighed raw materials, fully stirring, slowly adding water while stirring, stirring and mixing until the mixture can be held by hands to form a cluster, and dripping out without water to obtain a premix;
(3) premix fermentation: stacking the premix into a cubic stack with a square of 1-1.5m, and sealing and fermenting for 1-4 days by using a plastic film to obtain a fermentation premix;
(4) and (3) granulation: granulating the fermentation premix by adopting a conventional method to prepare a granular feed crude product;
(5) rolling powder: rolling the granular feed crude product in peanut powder to enable a layer of peanut powder to be uniformly adhered to the surface of the granular feed crude product, and preparing the granular feed crude product with the outer watch provided with the powder layer;
(6) airing and packaging: and (3) airing the obtained granular feed crude product with the powder layer on the outer surface at the constant temperature of 40-50 ℃ to ensure that the weight percentage of the water content is lower than 12.5 percent, thus obtaining the finished product of the pig feed.
Further, the powder ground in the step (1) is sieved by a 40-60 mesh sieve.
Further, the bone meal and the water are fully mixed according to the weight ratio of 1:1 in the step (1) to prepare the bone meal paste.
Further, the bone meal paste is put into steam with the temperature of more than 90 ℃ for cooking for 5-8min and then cooled for standby.
Further, in the step (3), when the temperature of the stack is 25-35 ℃, the fermentation time is 24 h; when the temperature of the pile is 18-24 ℃, the fermentation time is 48 h; when the temperature of the stack is lower than 18 ℃, the fermentation time is 3-4 days.
Further, the grain diameter of the granules granulated in the step (4) is 2-5 mm.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
according to the invention, the glucoamylase filter residues are used as main raw materials, and various production waste components are combined, so that the environmental pollution caused by waste can be effectively reduced, the feed cost is reduced, and the breeding benefit is improved; the added composite plant powder and composite trace elements can improve the growth performance of pigs, ensure the healthy growth of the pigs, reduce the occurrence of diseases and increase the utilization rate of feed.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The glucoamylase filter residues used in the following examples were provided by the shinyleaf bioengineering company limited in Hunan Hongyaoxiang, Changdu, and the soybean hull, alfalfa, grape skin residue and camellia sinensis residue were collected production wastes, and the bone meal, peanut powder, salt, eucommia ulmoides, Salvia miltiorrhiza, ginger and trace elements were all commercially available.
Example 1
A pig feed comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 45% of dry powder of saccharifying enzyme filter residue, 20% of soybean hull powder, 10% of alfalfa meal, 7% of grape skin residue, 10% of camellia sinensis residue, 3% of bone meal, 1% of peanut powder, 1% of salt, 2% of composite plant powder and 1% of composite trace elements. The water content of the dry powder of the saccharifying enzyme filter residue is less than or equal to 9 percent. The composite plant powder comprises eucommia bark powder, salvia miltiorrhiza powder and ginger powder. The composite trace elements comprise Fe 50Mg/kg, Cu 10Mg/kg, Zn 150Mg/kg, Mn 4Mg/kg, Mg 70Mg/kg, Se 0.1Mg/kg and I0.15 Mg/kg.
The preparation method of the pig feed comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting raw materials for later use: weighing dry powder of the diastase filter residue according to the mass percentage for later use; naturally airing and drying the soybean hulls, the alfalfa, the grape skin residues, the camellia sinensis residues, the eucommia ulmoides, the salvia miltiorrhiza and the ginger, grinding the dried materials into powder, sieving the powder with a 40-mesh sieve, and weighing the powder for later use according to the mass percentage; weighing bone meal according to mass percent, fully mixing the bone meal with water according to the weight ratio of 1:1 to prepare bone meal paste, putting the bone meal paste into steam with the temperature of more than 90 ℃, cooking for 5min, and cooling for later use; weighing salt and composite trace elements according to mass percentage for later use;
(2) preparing a premix: mixing the weighed raw materials, fully stirring, slowly adding water while stirring, stirring and mixing until the mixture can be held by hands to form a cluster, and dripping out without water to obtain a premix;
(3) premix fermentation: preparing the pre-mixed material pile into a cubic pile body with a square of 1-1.5m, and sealing and fermenting the pile body in the step (3) by using a plastic film for 24 hours when the temperature of the pile body is 25-35 ℃; when the temperature of the pile is 18-24 ℃, the fermentation time is 48 h; when the temperature of the stack is lower than 18 ℃, the fermentation time is 3-4d, and a fermentation premix is obtained after the fermentation is finished;
(4) and (3) granulation: granulating the fermentation premix by adopting a conventional method, wherein the particle size is 2mm, and preparing a granular feed crude product;
(5) rolling powder: rolling the granular feed crude product in peanut powder to enable a layer of peanut powder to be uniformly adhered to the surface of the granular feed crude product, and preparing the granular feed crude product with the outer watch provided with the powder layer;
(6) airing and packaging: and (3) airing the obtained granular feed crude product with the powder layer on the outer surface at the constant temperature of 40-50 ℃ to ensure that the weight percentage of the water content is lower than 12.5 percent, thus obtaining the finished product of the pig feed.
Example 2
A pig feed comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 55% of dry powder of saccharifying enzyme filter residue, 15% of soybean hull powder, 8% of alfalfa meal, 10% of grape skin residue, 5% of camellia residue, 2% of bone meal, 0.5% of peanut powder, 2% of salt, 1% of composite plant powder and 1.5% of composite trace elements. The water content of the dry powder of the saccharifying enzyme filter residue is less than or equal to 9 percent. The composite plant powder comprises eucommia bark powder, salvia miltiorrhiza powder and ginger powder. The composite trace elements comprise Fe 100Mg/kg, Cu 7Mg/kg, Zn 100Mg/kg, Mn 3Mg/kg, Mg 80Mg/kg, Se 0.15Mg/kg and I0.1 Mg/kg.
The preparation method of the pig feed comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting raw materials for later use: weighing dry powder of the diastase filter residue according to the mass percentage for later use; naturally airing and drying the soybean hulls, the alfalfa, the grape skin residues, the camellia sinensis residues, the eucommia ulmoides, the salvia miltiorrhiza and the ginger, grinding the dried materials into powder, sieving the powder with a 50-mesh sieve, and weighing the powder for later use according to the mass percentage; weighing bone meal according to mass percent, fully mixing the bone meal with water according to the weight ratio of 1:1 to prepare bone meal paste, putting the bone meal paste into steam with the temperature of more than 90 ℃, cooking for 7min, and cooling for later use; weighing salt and composite trace elements according to mass percentage for later use;
(2) preparing a premix: mixing the weighed raw materials, fully stirring, slowly adding water while stirring, stirring and mixing until the mixture can be held by hands to form a cluster, and dripping out without water to obtain a premix;
(3) premix fermentation: preparing the pre-mixed material pile into a cubic pile body with a square of 1-1.5m, and sealing and fermenting the pile body in the step (3) by using a plastic film for 24 hours when the temperature of the pile body is 25-35 ℃; when the temperature of the pile is 18-24 ℃, the fermentation time is 48 h; when the temperature of the stack is lower than 18 ℃, the fermentation time is 3-4d, and a fermentation premix is obtained after the fermentation is finished;
(4) and (3) granulation: granulating the fermentation premix by adopting a conventional method, wherein the particle size is 3mm, and preparing a granular feed crude product;
(5) rolling powder: rolling the granular feed crude product in peanut powder to enable a layer of peanut powder to be uniformly adhered to the surface of the granular feed crude product, and preparing the granular feed crude product with the outer watch provided with the powder layer;
(6) airing and packaging: and (3) airing the obtained granular feed crude product with the powder layer on the outer surface at the constant temperature of 40-50 ℃ to ensure that the weight percentage of the water content is lower than 12.5 percent, thus obtaining the finished product of the pig feed.
Example 3
A pig feed comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 65% of dry powder of saccharifying enzyme filter residue, 10% of soybean hull powder, 5% of alfalfa meal, 5% of grape skin residue, 8% of camellia sinensis residue, 1% of bone meal, 1% of peanut powder, 1.5% of salt, 1.5% of composite plant powder and 2% of composite trace elements. The water content of the dry powder of the saccharifying enzyme filter residue is less than or equal to 9 percent. The composite plant powder comprises eucommia bark powder, salvia miltiorrhiza powder and ginger powder. The composite trace elements comprise Fe 200Mg/kg, Cu 5Mg/kg, Zn 50Mg/kg, Mn 2Mg/kg, Mg 90Mg/kg, Se 0.2Mg/kg and I0.15 Mg/kg.
The preparation method of the pig feed comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting raw materials for later use: weighing dry powder of the diastase filter residue according to the mass percentage for later use; naturally airing and drying the soybean hulls, the alfalfa, the grape skin residues, the camellia sinensis residues, the eucommia ulmoides, the salvia miltiorrhiza and the ginger, grinding the dried materials into powder, sieving the powder with a 60-mesh sieve, and respectively weighing the powder for later use according to the mass percentage; weighing bone meal according to mass percent, fully mixing the bone meal with water according to the weight ratio of 1:1 to prepare bone meal paste, putting the bone meal paste into steam with the temperature of more than 90 ℃, cooking for 8min, and cooling for later use; weighing salt and composite trace elements according to mass percentage for later use;
(2) preparing a premix: mixing the weighed raw materials, fully stirring, slowly adding water while stirring, stirring and mixing until the mixture can be held by hands to form a cluster, and dripping out without water to obtain a premix;
(3) premix fermentation: preparing the pre-mixed material pile into a cubic pile body with a square of 1-1.5m, and sealing and fermenting the pile body in the step (3) by using a plastic film for 24 hours when the temperature of the pile body is 25-35 ℃; when the temperature of the pile is 18-24 ℃, the fermentation time is 48 h; when the temperature of the stack is lower than 18 ℃, the fermentation time is 3-4d, and a fermentation premix is obtained after the fermentation is finished;
(4) and (3) granulation: granulating the fermentation premix by adopting a conventional method, wherein the particle size is 5mm, and preparing a granular feed crude product;
(5) rolling powder: rolling the granular feed crude product in peanut powder to enable a layer of peanut powder to be uniformly adhered to the surface of the granular feed crude product, and preparing the granular feed crude product with the outer watch provided with the powder layer;
(6) airing and packaging: and (3) airing the obtained granular feed crude product with the powder layer on the outer surface at the constant temperature of 40-50 ℃ to ensure that the weight percentage of the water content is lower than 12.5 percent, thus obtaining the finished product of the pig feed.
The comparative example is a commercial conventional pig feed.
The growth performance and the occurrence of diseases of the pigs were recorded by feeding the pigs with the feeds of examples 1 to 3 and comparative example, respectively, and the results are shown in the following table.
TABLE 1 comparison of growth performance and disease incidence in pigs fed with different diets
| Feed intake (kg/d) | Daily gain (kg/d) | Feed conversion ratio | |
| Example 1 | 2.83 | 0.90 | 3.144 |
| Example 2 | 2.86 | 0.92 | 3.107 |
| Example 3 | 2.85 | 0.91 | 3.132 |
| Comparative example | 2.72 | 0.80 | 3.400 |
As can be seen from the data in Table 1, the feed intake and daily gain of the pigs fed by the feed are improved, the feed conversion rate is obviously improved, the pigs fed by the comparative example are often diarrhea at 1-3 months, the pigs at 4-6 months are often fever and cough, and the pigs at 7-8 months are often gasp, and the morbidity of the pigs fed by the examples 1-3 is respectively reduced by 85%, 90% and 80%, which shows that the pig feed can improve the growth performance of the pigs, ensure the healthy growth of the pigs, reduce the occurrence of diseases and increase the feed utilization rate.
Claims (10)
1. The pig feed is characterized by comprising the following components in percentage by mass: 45-65% of dry powder of saccharifying enzyme filter residue, 10-20% of soybean hull powder, 5-10% of alfalfa meal, 5-10% of grape skin residue, 5-10% of camellia residue, 1-3% of bone meal, 0.5-1% of peanut powder, 1-2% of salt, 1-2% of composite plant powder and 1-2% of composite trace elements.
2. The pig feed according to claim 1, wherein the dry powder of the glucoamylase filter residue has a water content of 9% or less.
3. The pig feed according to claim 1, wherein the composite plant powder comprises eucommia ulmoides powder, salvia miltiorrhiza powder and ginger powder.
4. The pig feed according to claim 1, wherein the compound trace elements comprise Fe 50-200Mg/kg, Cu 5-10Mg/kg, Zn 50-150Mg/kg, Mn 2-4Mg/kg, Mg 70-90Mg/kg, Se 0.1-0.2Mg/kg and I0.1-0.15 Mg/kg.
5. A method of preparing a pig feed according to any one of claims 1 to 4, comprising the steps of:
(1) selecting raw materials for later use: weighing dry powder of the diastase filter residue according to the mass percentage for later use; naturally airing and grinding soybean hulls, alfalfa, grape skin residues, camellia sinensis residues, eucommia ulmoides, salvia miltiorrhiza and ginger into powder, and respectively weighing the powder for later use according to mass percentage; weighing bone meal according to the mass percentage, fully mixing the bone meal with water to prepare bone meal sauce, and cooking and cooling the bone meal sauce for later use; weighing salt and composite trace elements according to mass percentage for later use;
(2) preparing a premix: mixing the weighed raw materials, fully stirring, slowly adding water while stirring, stirring and mixing until the mixture can be held by hands to form a cluster, and dripping out without water to obtain a premix;
(3) premix fermentation: stacking the premix into a cubic stack with a square of 1-1.5m, and sealing and fermenting for 1-4 days by using a plastic film to obtain a fermentation premix;
(4) and (3) granulation: granulating the fermentation premix by adopting a conventional method to prepare a granular feed crude product;
(5) rolling powder: rolling the granular feed crude product in peanut powder to enable a layer of peanut powder to be uniformly adhered to the surface of the granular feed crude product, and preparing the granular feed crude product with the outer watch provided with the powder layer;
(6) airing and packaging: and (3) airing the obtained granular feed crude product with the powder layer on the outer surface at the constant temperature of 40-50 ℃ to ensure that the weight percentage of the water content is lower than 12.5 percent, thus obtaining the finished product of the pig feed.
6. The method for preparing a pig feed according to claim 5, wherein the powder milled in step (1) is passed through a 40-60 mesh sieve.
7. The method for preparing pig feed according to claim 5, wherein in the step (1), the bone meal and the water are fully mixed according to the weight ratio of 1:1 to prepare the bone meal paste.
8. A method for preparing pig feed according to claim 5 or 7, characterized in that the bone meal paste is cooked in steam at a temperature above 90 ℃ for 5-8min and then cooled for later use.
9. The method for preparing pig feed according to claim 5, characterized in that in the step (3), when the temperature of the stack is 25-35 ℃, the fermentation time is 24 h; when the temperature of the pile is 18-24 ℃, the fermentation time is 48 h; when the temperature of the stack is lower than 18 ℃, the fermentation time is 3-4 days.
10. The method for preparing pig feed according to claim 5, characterized in that the particle size of the granules granulated in step (4) is 2-5 mm.
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| CN110037173A (en) * | 2019-05-14 | 2019-07-23 | 史峥 | A kind of pomace and dreg fodder and preparation method thereof |
| CN111184137A (en) * | 2020-03-09 | 2020-05-22 | 仁怀博森生猪养殖专业合作社 | Preparation method of vinasse feed for breeding black pigs in Qianbei |
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2021
- 2021-09-14 CN CN202111074305.3A patent/CN114343069A/en active Pending
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| US20160106122A1 (en) * | 2013-05-16 | 2016-04-21 | Direvo Industrial Biotechnology Gmbh | Animal feed product for monogastric animals |
| CN103815124A (en) * | 2014-01-24 | 2014-05-28 | 枞阳县金源畜牧养殖有限责任公司 | Digestible fermented pig feed and preparation method thereof |
| CN106689730A (en) * | 2015-11-16 | 2017-05-24 | 尤世元 | Method for preparing sow feed |
| CN110037173A (en) * | 2019-05-14 | 2019-07-23 | 史峥 | A kind of pomace and dreg fodder and preparation method thereof |
| CN111184137A (en) * | 2020-03-09 | 2020-05-22 | 仁怀博森生猪养殖专业合作社 | Preparation method of vinasse feed for breeding black pigs in Qianbei |
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