CN113729119A - Complete formula feed for adjusting thickness of Jiangxiang pig backfat and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Complete formula feed for adjusting thickness of Jiangxiang pig backfat and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN113729119A CN113729119A CN202110981069.7A CN202110981069A CN113729119A CN 113729119 A CN113729119 A CN 113729119A CN 202110981069 A CN202110981069 A CN 202110981069A CN 113729119 A CN113729119 A CN 113729119A
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- Prior art keywords
- feed
- complete formula
- parts
- formula feed
- mixed
- Prior art date
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- Pending
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/30—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for swines
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New or modified breeds of animals
- A01K67/02—Breeding vertebrates
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
- A23K10/12—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes by fermentation of natural products, e.g. of vegetable material, animal waste material or biomass
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
- A23K10/37—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/142—Amino acids; Derivatives thereof
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/174—Vitamins
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
- A23K20/26—Compounds containing phosphorus
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
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- A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
- A23K20/30—Oligoelements
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K40/00—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K40/10—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs by agglomeration; by granulation, e.g. making powders
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
- A23V2400/00—Lactic or propionic acid bacteria
- A23V2400/11—Lactobacillus
- A23V2400/169—Plantarum
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
- Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Physiology (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention provides a complete formula feed for adjusting the thickness of the backfat of a Jiangxiang pig, which is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 50.0-58.0 parts of corn, 15.0-22.0 parts of soybean meal, 8.0-15.0 parts of wheat bran, 6.0-12.0 parts of rice bran, 0.75-1.3 parts of calcium hydrophosphate, 0.65-1.1 parts of stone powder, 0.3 part of salt, 0.1-0.5 part of lysine, 0.02-0.1 part of threonine, 2.0-8.0 parts of fermented cassava residue and 0.5-1.5 parts of mineral element premix. The preparation method of the complete formula feed provided by the invention is simple and feasible, safe to operate, wide in raw material source, good in palatability, balanced in nutrition and uniform in granulation. The fat metabolism of the ring Jiangxiang pigs can be adjusted by scientifically utilizing the nutrient components of the fermented cassava residues, and the backfat thickness of the ring Jiangxiang pigs is effectively reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of feeding, and particularly relates to a complete formula feed for adjusting the thickness of the backfat of a Jiangxiang pig and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The Huanjiang fragrant pig belongs to Chinese rare pig species, is a small and exquisite local small-sized pig with completely black hair cover and strong disease resistance, is mainly distributed in autonomous counties of south China of Huanjiang Maojian of autonomous district of Guangxi Zhuang nationality in China, and is mainly populated by Longyan, Dongxing, Minglong, tame and 5 villages and towns in Changmei. Xiangjiang pigs were listed in the journal of Chinese pig breed in 1986, and national livestock and poultry breed resource protection list in 2000. The breeding of the Huanjiang fragrant pig by free-ranging breeding for a long time has the characteristics of coarse feeding resistance, rich and beautiful meat quality and the like. The main producing area of the Xiangjiang pigs is mostly forest land in mountain areas, and the Xiangjiang pigs have rich unconventional feed resources. Farmers in the Huanjiang area often feed Huanjiang pigs with unconventional feeds such as cassava residues, Guimu I, sugarcane tips, pennisetum hydridum and the like, so that the breeding cost can be reduced on one hand, and the utilization rate of local feed resources is expected to be improved on the other hand. However, the problems of slow growth and development, low economic benefit, low lean meat percentage and the like caused by the rough feeding management of the breeding of the Huanjiang fragrant pigs at present and the unreasonable use of non-food feed and the nutrition proportion of daily food.
Cassava is one of the characteristic economic crops in Guangxi, and the annual output accounts for more than 60% of the national cassava output. The cassava essence is called starch king and energy crops, and is a novel energy source, industrial raw material and potential grain crops. The cassava root is mainly used for extracting starch and alcohol in industry, and a large amount of cassava byproduct, namely cassava dregs, can be generated after extraction. The cassava dregs have comprehensive nutritional ingredients, the contents of crude protein, crude fat, crude fiber, crude ash and nitrogen-free extract in the fresh cassava dregs are respectively 4.92%, 1.96%, 14.46%, 23.36% and 47.72%, and the cassava dregs have good feeding prospect (Huzhou, Liuxuefeng, cassava dregs feeding value research, Anhui technical academy of academic, 2002,4: 4-6.). However, the untreated cassava dregs are not suitable for being directly used as livestock and poultry feed because the cassava dregs have high cellulose content and poor palatability, and generate toxic substances such as hydrocyanic acid and the like when being stored improperly. Many researches show that after fermentation, the cassava dregs can improve the crude protein level and reduce the toxicity and the cellulose content of the cassava dregs. Therefore, the microbial fermentation not only improves the content of high-quality protein, but also improves the palatability of the cassava dregs (Jiang Huijian, Lijing, Pengliping, Ni 23022;, Jia Fang Jun, Kongxiangfeng. the influence of the microbial fermentation on the nutrient content of the cassava dregs. microbiological report, 2021,48(02): 407-413.).
Further studies have shown that both dietary fiber and probiotics can regulate the fat metabolism of animals. Cellulose can reduce the levels of total cholesterol and low density lipoprotein cholesterol in animal blood, improve immune function, and relieve inflammatory response (suramudi, p., Enkhmaa, b., Anuurad, e.et al, lipid Lowering with a solution diet fiber Rep (2016) (18, 75)). The probiotics can further regulate and control the fat metabolism of the organism by regulating the bile acid metabolism of the intestinal tract. Therefore, the nutritional ingredients of the fermented cassava residues can be scientifically utilized to adjust the fat metabolism of Jiangxiang pigs, and particularly reduce the thickness of backfat.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a complete formula feed for adjusting the thickness of the backfat of the Jiangxiang pig and a preparation method thereof.
The invention also aims to provide the application of the complete formula feed in adjusting the thickness of the back fat of the ring-river fragrant pig, which has the characteristics of simple operation and remarkable reduction of the thickness of the back fat of the ring-river fragrant pig.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a complete formula feed for adjusting the thickness of the back fat of Jiangxiang pigs is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight:
preferably, the complete formula feed is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight:
preferably, the complete formula feed is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight:
preferably, the complete formula feed is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight:
preferably, the mineral element premix comprises any mixture of one or more of vitamins A, D3, E, K3, B1, B2, B6, folic acid, pantothenic acid, niacin, copper, iron, manganese, zinc or iodine.
Preferably, the fermented cassava residue is uniformly mixed in the complete formula feed, the variation coefficient is not more than 5%, and the water content is not more than 15%.
Preferably, the form of the raw material comprises a powdery material, a granular material, a crushed particle or a liquid feed.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the complete formula feed, which comprises the following steps:
(1) the crushing process comprises the following steps: finely crushing corn, bean pulp, wheat bran and rice bran, and controlling the crushing granularity by a sieve plate with the diameter of phi 2.5mm prepared by a crusher to obtain mixed crushed materials;
(2) the fermentation process comprises the following steps: sufficiently and uniformly mixing the cassava residues, the fermentation liquor and the corn flour according to the mass ratio of 100:10:0.1, then putting into fermentation bags, compacting each bag by treading, finally pumping air and sealing, storing at room temperature in a dark place, and fermenting for 7-10 days to obtain fermented cassava residues;
(3) the ingredient mixing process comprises the following steps: accurately weighing the mixed crushed materials obtained in the step (1), the fermented cassava residues obtained in the step (2), calcium hydrophosphate, mountain flour, salt, lysine, threonine and mineral element premix, adding the weighed materials into a double-shaft paddle type mixer, and fully mixing for 110-130s, wherein the coefficient of variation CV is less than or equal to 5%, so as to obtain a mixed feed;
(4) a quenching, tempering and granulating process: adding the mixed feed in the step (3) into a conditioner, fully gelatinizing at 80-85 ℃ for 30-60 s, adding the gelatinized mixed feed into a granulator for granulation at the granulating temperature of 85-88 ℃, and finally enabling the gelatinization degree to reach more than 90% to obtain granulated feed;
(5) and (3) a cooling process: adding the granulated feed obtained in the step (4) into a cooler for cooling, and obtaining finished product granules when the temperature of the granulated feed is reduced to room temperature;
(6) packaging process: and (5) accurately weighing, bagging and packaging the finished product particles obtained in the step (5) by a packaging machine.
Preferably, the fermentation liquid in the step (2) is a mixed liquid of lactobacillus plantarum, bacillus subtilis and saccharomyces cerevisiae.
The invention also protects the application of the complete formula feed in adjusting the back fat thickness of the Jiangxiang pigs, which comprises the following steps:
the feeding stage is around Jiangxiang pigs with the weight of about 8kg, and the feeding days are 30-60 days. The feeding time is from 6 am to 7 pm, and is generally divided into 2-3 times of feeding, and the feeding amount is based on a small amount of residual materials in the trough.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) according to the invention, the fermented cassava residues are applied to the adjustment of the backfat thickness of the ring-river fragrant pig for the first time, the effect is superior to that of a common full-price compound feed, and compared with the full-price compound feed without the fermented cassava residues, the backfat thickness of the ring-river fragrant pig can be obviously reduced and the carcass quality is improved by adding 5% -10% of the fermented cassava residues; the most important point is that the fermentation process in the step (2) optimizes the fermentation process of the cassava dregs, finds the optimal proportion of fermentation substrates and the optimal fermentation time, and improves the palatability of the cassava dregs and the nutritive value of the cassava dregs.
(2) The complete formula feed for adjusting the thickness of the back fat of the Jiangxiang pig provided by the invention comprises fermented cassava dregs. After the cassava dregs are fermented by microorganisms, rich soluble fibers can be generated, the content of insoluble fibers is reduced, the protein level is improved, the nutritive value of the cassava dregs is obviously improved, and the cassava dregs are high-quality and low-cost energy feed. In addition, the soluble fiber and the probiotics which are proliferated in large quantity after fermentation have the function of regulating the fat metabolism of the organism.
(3) The invention can obviously regulate the fat metabolism of the Jiangxiang pigs by scientifically regulating the proportion of the fermented cassava dregs in the compound feed and adopting the traditional preparation method. Test results show that the growth performance of the Huanjiang fragrant pig can be reduced after the fermented cassava residue of which the content is more than 10% is added into the complete formula feed, so that the optimal proportion is 5% -10%. The method is easy to implement, simple and safe to operate, the back fat thickness of the Xiangjiang pig is effectively adjusted, and the breeding cost is reduced.
(4) By using the fermented cassava residues, the back fat thickness of the fragrant pig around the river is reduced by 20-30%, the breeding cost is reduced by 3-5%, namely the feed price is reduced by 4-6 yuan/month/head fragrant pig.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below. It is to be understood that the described embodiments are merely a few embodiments of the invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
The complete formula feed for adjusting the thickness of the back fat of Jiangxiang pigs is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight, and is shown in table 1:
TABLE 1 sow feed formula
The premix is mineral element premix and vitamin premix. Every kg of the complete feed needs to be added with 39.6mg of copper sulfate, 0.40mg of potassium iodate, 495mg of ferrous sulfate, 19.8mg of manganese sulfate, 0.45mg of sodium selenite, 200mg of zinc sulfate, 4000 IU of vitamin A, 500IU of vitamin D, 40IU of vitamin E, 1.5mg of vitamin K, 26.0mg of vitamin B, 12.0mg of vitamin B, 64.0mg of vitamin B, 1235 mu g of vitamin B, 0.3mg of biotin, 49.5mg of nicotinamide, 20mg of pantothenic acid and 1.2mg of folic acid. By adding the premix, the normal physiological needs of the Huanjiang fragrant pigs are met, and the appearance of trace elements or vitamin deficiency is avoided.
A preparation method of a complete formula feed comprises the following steps:
(1) the crushing process comprises the following steps: weighing corn, soybean meal, wheat bran and rice bran according to the weight in the table 1, and finely crushing the corn, the soybean meal, the wheat bran and the rice bran, wherein a sieve plate with the diameter of phi 2.5mm is arranged on a crusher to obtain mixed crushed materials;
(2) the fermentation process comprises the following steps: mixing manioc waste and fermentation liquor(Lactobacillus plantarum 1X 10)8cfu/g + Bacillus subtilis 0.2X 108cfu/g + Saccharomyces cerevisiae 0.2 × 108cfu/g) and corn flour according to 100:10:0.1, fully and uniformly mixing, filling into fermentation bags, compacting and compacting 20kg per bag, finally pumping air and sealing, storing at room temperature in a dark place, and fermenting for 8 days to obtain fermented cassava residues;
(3) the ingredient mixing process comprises the following steps: accurately weighing the mixed crushed materials obtained in the step (1), the fermented cassava residues obtained in the step (2), calcium hydrogen phosphate, stone powder, salt, lysine, threonine and premix, adding the weighed materials into a double-shaft paddle type mixer, and fully mixing for 120s to obtain mixed feed with the coefficient of variation CV of 4%;
(4) a quenching, tempering and granulating process: adding the mixed feed in the step (3) into a conditioner, fully gelatinizing at 82 ℃ for 30s, adding the gelatinized mixed feed into a granulator for granulating, wherein the granulating temperature is 86 ℃, and finally, the gelatinization degree is 92% to obtain granulated feed;
(5) and (3) a cooling process: adding the granulated feed obtained in the step (4) into a cooler for cooling, and obtaining finished product granules when the temperature of the granulated feed is reduced to room temperature;
(6) packaging process: and (5) accurately weighing, bagging and packaging the finished product particles obtained in the step (5) by a packaging machine.
The complete formula feed and the common feed prepared in the example 1 are subjected to relevant experimental data tests, and the specific steps comprise:
selecting animals: 80 heads of Huanjiang fragrant pigs weighing about 8kg are selected in the test;
the implementation method comprises the following steps: the Huanjiang fragrant pigs are averagely divided into a group A and a group B, feeding time is 7 am and 4 pm, feeding is divided into 2 times, and feeding amount is based on a small amount of residual materials in a trough. The feeding period is 30 days;
and (4) recording effects: and recording the thickness of the backfat of the Xiangjiang pig and the average daily gain. The results are shown in Table 2:
TABLE 2 influence of complete formula feed for different Xiangjiang pigs on backfat thickness, average daily feed intake and daily gain of Xiangjiang pigs
| Grouping | Average daily food intake (kg) | Average daily gain (kg) | Backfat thickness (cm) |
| Complete formula feed | 0.81 | 0.28 | 1.49 |
| Common feed | 0.85 | 0.28 | 1.98 |
And (3) effect statistics: under the condition of the same feed intake, the back fat thickness in the embodiment 1 is reduced by 25 percent compared with the fat thickness in the common feed on average, and the daily gain of the Xiangjiang pigs is not influenced.
Example 2
The complete formula feed for adjusting the thickness of the back fat of Jiangxiang pigs is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight, and is shown in a table 3:
TABLE 3 sow feed formula
The premix is mineral element premix and vitamin premix. 39.6mg of copper sulfate, 0.40mg of potassium iodate, 495mg of ferrous sulfate, 19.8mg of manganese sulfate, 0.45mg of sodium selenite, 200mg of zinc sulfate, 4000 IU of vitamin A, 500IU of vitamin D, 40IU of vitamin E, 1.5mg of vitamin K, 26.0mg of vitamin B, 12.0mg of vitamin B, 64.0mg of vitamin B, 1235 mu g of vitamin B, 0.3mg of biotin, 49.5mg of nicotinamide, 20mg of pantothenic acid and 1.2mg of folic acid. By adding the premix, the normal physiological needs of the Huanjiang fragrant pigs are met, and the appearance of trace elements or vitamin deficiency is avoided.
A preparation method of a complete formula feed comprises the following steps:
(1) the crushing process comprises the following steps: weighing corn, soybean meal, wheat bran and rice bran according to the weight in the table 3, and finely crushing the corn, the soybean meal, the wheat bran and the rice bran, wherein a sieve plate with the diameter of phi 2.5mm is arranged on a crusher to obtain mixed crushed materials;
(2) the fermentation process comprises the following steps: mixing manioc waste and fermentation liquid (Lactobacillus plantarum 1 × 10)8cfu/g + Bacillus subtilis 0.2X 108cfu/g + Saccharomyces cerevisiae 0.2 × 108cfu/g) and corn flour according to 100:10:0.1, fully and uniformly mixing, filling into fermentation bags, compacting and compacting 20kg per bag, finally pumping air and sealing, storing at room temperature in a dark place, and fermenting for 8 days to obtain fermented cassava residues;
(3) the ingredient mixing process comprises the following steps: accurately weighing the mixed crushed materials obtained in the step (1), the fermented cassava residues obtained in the step (2), calcium hydrogen phosphate, stone powder, salt, lysine, threonine and premix, adding the weighed materials into a double-shaft paddle type mixer, and fully mixing for 120s to obtain mixed feed with the coefficient of variation CV of 4%;
(4) a quenching, tempering and granulating process: adding the mixed feed in the step (3) into a conditioner, fully gelatinizing at 82 ℃ for 40s, adding the gelatinized mixed feed into a granulator for granulating, wherein the granulating temperature is 86 ℃, and finally, the gelatinization degree is 93%, so as to obtain granulated feed;
(5) and (3) a cooling process: adding the granulated feed obtained in the step (4) into a cooler for cooling, and obtaining finished product granules when the temperature of the granulated feed is reduced to room temperature;
(6) packaging process: and (5) accurately weighing, bagging and packaging the finished product particles obtained in the step (5) by a packaging machine.
The complete formula feed and the common feed prepared in the example 2 are subjected to relevant experimental data tests, and the specific steps comprise:
selecting animals: 40 pigs with the weight of about 8.8kg are selected in the test;
the implementation method comprises the following steps: the Huanjiang fragrant pigs are averagely divided into a group A and a group B, feeding time is 8 am, 12 am and 6 pm, feeding is carried out for 3 times, and feeding amount is based on a small amount of residual materials in a trough.
The feeding period is 40 days;
and (4) recording effects: and recording the thickness of the backfat of the Xiangjiang pig and the average daily gain. The results are shown in Table 4:
TABLE 4 influence of complete formula feed for different Xiangjiang pigs on backfat thickness, average daily feed intake and daily gain of Xiangjiang pigs
| Grouping | Average daily food intake (kg) | Average daily gain (kg) | Backfat thickness (cm) |
| Complete formula feed | 0.78 | 0.27 | 1.58 |
| GeneralFeed stuff | 0.80 | 0.28 | 2.01 |
And (3) effect statistics: under the condition of the same feed intake, the back fat thickness in the embodiment 2 is reduced by 21 percent compared with the fat thickness in the common feed on average, and the daily gain of the Xiangjiang pigs is not influenced.
Example 3
The complete formula feed for adjusting the thickness of the back fat of Jiangxiang pigs is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight, and is shown in a table 5:
TABLE 5 sow feed formula
The premix is mineral element premix and vitamin premix. 39.6mg of copper sulfate, 0.40mg of potassium iodate, 495mg of ferrous sulfate, 19.8mg of manganese sulfate, 0.45mg of sodium selenite, 200mg of zinc sulfate, 4000 IU of vitamin A, 500IU of vitamin D, 40IU of vitamin E, 1.5mg of vitamin K, 26.0mg of vitamin B, 12.0mg of vitamin B, 64.0mg of vitamin B, 1235 mu g of vitamin B, 0.3mg of biotin, 49.5mg of nicotinamide, 20mg of pantothenic acid and 1.2mg of folic acid. By adding the premix, the normal physiological needs of the Huanjiang fragrant pigs are met, and the appearance of trace elements or vitamin deficiency is avoided.
A preparation method of a complete formula feed comprises the following steps:
(1) the crushing process comprises the following steps: weighing corn, soybean meal, wheat bran and rice bran according to the weight in the table 5, and finely crushing the corn, the soybean meal, the wheat bran and the rice bran, wherein a sieve plate with the diameter of phi 2.5mm is arranged on a crusher to obtain mixed crushed materials;
(2) fermentation workerThe method comprises the following steps: mixing manioc waste and fermentation liquid (Lactobacillus plantarum 1 × 10)8cfu/g + Bacillus subtilis 0.2X 108cfu/g + Saccharomyces cerevisiae 0.2 × 108cfu/g) and corn flour according to 100:10:0.1, fully and uniformly mixing, filling into fermentation bags, compacting and compacting 20kg per bag, finally pumping air and sealing, storing at room temperature in a dark place, and fermenting for 8 days to obtain fermented cassava residues;
(3) the ingredient mixing process comprises the following steps: accurately weighing the mixed crushed materials obtained in the step (1), the fermented cassava residues obtained in the step (2), calcium hydrogen phosphate, stone powder, salt, lysine, threonine and premix, adding the weighed materials into a double-shaft paddle type mixer, and fully mixing for 120s to obtain mixed feed with the coefficient of variation CV of 4%;
(4) a quenching, tempering and granulating process: adding the mixed feed in the step (3) into a conditioner, fully gelatinizing for 50s at 82 ℃, adding the mixed feed into a granulator for granulation after the gelatinization is finished, wherein the granulation temperature is 86 ℃, and finally the gelatinization degree is 95% to obtain granulated feed;
(5) and (3) a cooling process: adding the granulated feed obtained in the step (4) into a cooler for cooling, and obtaining finished product granules when the temperature of the granulated feed is reduced to room temperature;
(6) packaging process: and (5) accurately weighing, bagging and packaging the finished product particles obtained in the step (5) by a packaging machine.
The complete formula feed and the common feed prepared in the embodiment 3 are subjected to relevant experimental data tests, and the specific steps comprise:
selecting animals: 24 pigs of Huanjiang pigs with the weight of about 8.5kg are selected in the test;
the implementation method comprises the following steps: the Huanjiang fragrant pigs are averagely divided into a group A and a group B, feeding time is 6 am, 12 am and 7 pm, feeding is carried out for 3 times, and feeding amount is based on a small amount of residual materials in a trough.
The feeding period is 50 days;
and (4) recording effects: and recording the thickness of the backfat of the Xiangjiang pig and the average daily gain. The results are shown in Table 6:
TABLE 6 influence of complete formula feed for different Xiangjiang pigs on backfat thickness, average daily feed intake and daily gain of Xiangjiang pigs
And (3) effect statistics: under the condition of the same feed intake, the back fat thickness in the embodiment 2 is reduced by 24 percent compared with the fat thickness in the common feed on average, and the daily gain of the Xiangjiang pigs is not influenced.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (10)
1. The complete formula feed for adjusting the thickness of the back fat of Jiangxiang pigs is characterized by being prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight:
2. the complete formula feed according to claim 1, which is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight:
3. the complete formula feed according to claim 2, which is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight:
4. the complete formula feed according to claim 3, which is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight:
5. the complete formula feed according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the mineral element premix comprises any blend of one or more of vitamin A, D3, E, K3, B1, B2, B6, folic acid, pantothenic acid, nicotinic acid, copper, iron, manganese, zinc or iodine.
6. The complete formula feed according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the fermented cassava residue is uniformly mixed in the complete formula feed, the coefficient of variation is not more than 5%, and the water content is not more than 15%.
7. The complete formula feed according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the form of the raw material comprises a powdery material, a granulated material, a crushed material or a liquid feed.
8. A method for preparing a complete formula feed according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that it comprises the following steps:
(1) the crushing process comprises the following steps: finely crushing corn, bean pulp, wheat bran and rice bran, and controlling the crushing granularity by a sieve plate with the diameter of phi 2.5mm prepared by a crusher to obtain mixed crushed materials;
(2) the fermentation process comprises the following steps: mixing manioc waste, fermentation liquor and corn flour according to the proportion of 100:10:0.1, fully and uniformly mixing, filling into fermentation bags, compacting by treading, pumping air, sealing, storing at room temperature in a dark place, and fermenting for 7-10 days to obtain fermented cassava residues;
(3) the ingredient mixing process comprises the following steps: accurately weighing the mixed crushed materials obtained in the step (1), the fermented cassava residues obtained in the step (2), calcium hydrophosphate, stone powder, salt, lysine, threonine and mineral element premix, adding the weighed materials into a double-shaft paddle type mixer, and fully mixing for 110-130s, wherein the coefficient of variation CV is less than or equal to 5%, so as to obtain a mixed feed;
(4) a quenching, tempering and granulating process: adding the mixed feed in the step (3) into a conditioner, fully gelatinizing at 80-85 ℃ for 30-60 s, adding the gelatinized mixed feed into a granulator for granulation at the granulating temperature of 85-88 ℃, and finally enabling the gelatinization degree to reach more than 90% to obtain granulated feed;
(5) and (3) a cooling process: adding the granulated feed obtained in the step (4) into a cooler for cooling, and obtaining finished product granules when the temperature of the granulated feed is reduced to room temperature;
(6) packaging process: and (5) accurately weighing, bagging and packaging the finished product particles obtained in the step (5) by a packaging machine.
9. The method for preparing a complete formula feed according to claim 8, wherein the fermentation broth in step (2) is a mixed solution of Lactobacillus plantarum, Bacillus subtilis, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
10. Use of a complete formula feed as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 9 for regulating the thickness of the backfat of a swine suffering from a condition of the ring river.
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| CN110810647A (en) * | 2019-11-21 | 2020-02-21 | 中国科学院亚热带农业生态研究所 | Complete feed for improving pig carcass traits and meat quality by using tea powder, and preparation method and application thereof |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN108967704A (en) * | 2018-09-30 | 2018-12-11 | 惠州九鼎饲料科技有限公司 | A kind of piglet feed of the slag containing fermentation cassava |
| CN110810647A (en) * | 2019-11-21 | 2020-02-21 | 中国科学院亚热带农业生态研究所 | Complete feed for improving pig carcass traits and meat quality by using tea powder, and preparation method and application thereof |
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