CN114343068A - Energy feed suitable for weaning foals and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Energy feed suitable for weaning foals and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN114343068A CN114343068A CN202210058841.2A CN202210058841A CN114343068A CN 114343068 A CN114343068 A CN 114343068A CN 202210058841 A CN202210058841 A CN 202210058841A CN 114343068 A CN114343068 A CN 114343068A
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Abstract
The invention relates to an energy feed suitable for weaning foals and a preparation method and application thereof, wherein the energy feed comprises the following components in parts by mass: 600 parts of corn kernels, 300 parts of bean pulp, 50-200 parts of wheat bran, 15-30 parts of calcium hydrophosphate, 5-15 parts of limestone, 1-10 parts of premix, 1-10 parts of salt, 1-5 parts of lysine and 1-5 parts of methionine; the premix is prepared from bentonite, VA and VB1、VB2、VB6VC, VD, VE, pantothenic acid, nicotinamide, copper, iron, manganese, zinc, iodine, selenium, cobalt and choline chloride. The energy feed can meet the requirements of energy and various trace elements required by the colts after weaning, improve the digestion, absorption and utilization rate of various nutrients in daily rations of the weaned colts, and further promote the growth and development of the colts.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural cultivation, in particular to an energy feed suitable for weaning foals and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
The proportion of the starch in the daily ration of the weaning colt is high. The nutritional value of starch depends primarily on the size of the starch granules and the ratio of amylose to amylopectin in the starch. Differences in the ratio of amylose to amylopectin in starch can cause differences in the rate of digestion of starch in the digestive tract, resulting in differences in the physiological effects of nutrition in animals. Some starch is already digested and absorbed in the foregut segment of animals, whereas some Resistant starch (Resistant starch) is Resistant to hydrolysis by digestive enzymes in the small intestine and reaches the large intestine where it is utilized by the large intestine by Short Chain Fatty Acids (SCFAs) produced by bacterial fermentation of intestinal microorganisms. The young animals grow and develop quickly, the demand for energy is high, and the high-quality energy feed is the basis for meeting the energy demand. Meanwhile, as the gastrointestinal tract function development of the young animals is incomplete and the enzyme digestion function is not perfect, the digestion utilization rate of the energy feed for the young animals is improved, and the premise of meeting energy supply is provided. Common energy feeds comprise corn, oat, barley and the like, and have low digestion utilization rate due to different proportions and types of starch. The structure and type of starch in energy feed are changed by feed processing technology, which is a key technology for improving amylase digestion in stomach and small intestine and is a means for improving energy conversion rate of starch. The horse belongs to monogastric animals, and the efficient enzyme digestion of starch in the stomach and small intestine is a way for efficiently utilizing starch. The 6-month-old weaned foal has low activity of enzymes related to starch digestion in the gastrointestinal tract and low starch digestion utilization rate due to the fact that the gastrointestinal tract is still in a development stage. Therefore, the structure of the starch in the energy feed is changed and the combination of the enzyme and the substrate is improved through a feed processing technology, so that the digestibility of the starch is promoted, the requirement of the colt on the energy is met, and the growth performance of the colt is improved.
The Chinese patent with the application number of CN201310658111.7 and the name of 'horse feed' provides a nutrient-rich, green and environment-friendly horse feed, and the weight percentages of the raw materials are 30 percent of corn, 30 percent of bean cake, 10 percent of highland barley, 10 percent of trace elements, 5 percent of protein powder and 5 percent of medlar powder. However, the invention has no production practice data support, no specific feeding standard and no specific feeding mode, and only simply introduces the specific gravity of various raw materials in the feed. Secondly, it is not specified that the trace elements specifically contain those trace elements, and the horses are not supplemented with minerals.
The application number is CN201410585393.7, named as 'a formula of horse feed', and provides a formula of horse feed which has reasonable proportion of various nutrient components and is suitable for horse rapid growth. The main raw materials and the weight ratio thereof are as follows: 10-50 parts of plant straw, 30-50 parts of corn, 30-50 parts of beet pulp, 20-40 parts of rice bran, 20-30 parts of wheat bran, 20-40 parts of tricalcium phosphate, 10-20 parts of trace elements, 1-5 parts of sodium chloride, 1-5 parts of calcium hydrophosphate, 10-20 parts of protein powder and 1-3 parts of salt. However, the invention has no support of production practice data, no specific feeding standard, no specific feeding mode, no feed processing mode and daily feeding frequency requirement, and does not specify which plant straw is.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved is as follows: aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides an energy feed suitable for weaning foals and a preparation method and application thereof, and the energy feed formula suitable for weaning foals is screened out, so that the requirements of energy and various trace elements required by the foals after weaning can be met, the digestion, absorption and utilization rate of the weaning foals on various nutrient substances in daily ration is improved, the growth and development of the foals are further promoted, and the energy feed has great significance for the healthy growth and development of the foals and the continuous development of the horse industry.
The technical scheme is as follows: an energy feed suitable for weaning foals comprises the following components in parts by mass: 600 parts of corn kernels, 300 parts of bean pulp, 50-200 parts of wheat bran, 15-30 parts of calcium hydrophosphate, 5-15 parts of limestone, 1-10 parts of premix, 1-10 parts of salt, 1-5 parts of lysine and 1-5 parts of methionine; the premix comprises the following components in parts by mass: 10-30 parts of bentonite, 1-5 parts of bentonite and VB10.1-2 parts of VB21-5 parts of VB60.5-2 parts of VC, 0.5-3 parts of VD5-30 parts of VE2-20 parts of pantothenic acid, 0.5-5 parts of nicotinamide, 1-5 parts of copper, 5-20 parts of iron, 1-10 parts of manganese, 1-10 parts of zinc, 0.5-5 parts of iodine, 0.5-5 parts of selenium, 0.5-5 parts of cobalt and 1-15 parts of choline chloride.
The preparation method of the energy feed suitable for the weaning foal comprises the following preparation steps:
step one, preparing steam tabletting: mixing the corn kernels, the bean pulp and the wheat bran to obtain a mixture, putting the mixture into a feed processing steam tablet press to humidify, add high-temperature steam and pressurize the mixture, pressing the mixture into a sheet with the thickness of 0.7-1.2 mm, and drying the sheet to obtain steam tablets;
step two, preparation of premix: mixing bentonite, VA and VB1、VB2、VB6VC, VD, VE, pantothenic acid, nicotinamide, copper, iron, manganese, zinc, iodine, selenium, cobalt and chlorideUniformly mixing choline in a mixer to obtain premix;
step three, preparing the energy feed: crushing the steam pressure tablets prepared in the step one by using a crusher until the particle size is not more than 0.5mm, uniformly mixing the steam pressure tablets with calcium hydrophosphate, limestone, premix, salt, lysine and methionine, and then granulating into particles with the length of 3-6 mm and the diameter of 3mm to obtain the granular energy feed.
And C, humidifying in the step I until the water content of the mixture reaches 20-22%.
The high temperature of the high-temperature steam added in the step one is 105-110 ℃, and the time is 40 min.
And drying in the first step until the water content of the slices is 12-14%.
The application of the energy feed suitable for the weaning foal in the feeding of the weaning foal is provided.
The feeding method comprises the following steps: determining the feeding amount of the energy feed according to the requirement of 1-2 g/kg & BW of starch of each weaning colt, weighing the weight of the weaning colt every 15 days according to actual conditions, determining the feeding amount of the energy feed, weighing the determined weight of the energy feed by using a material bag, averagely dividing the weight into 3 parts, and respectively feeding at 09:00, 15:00 and 21: 00.
The method for determining the feeding amount (represented by c) of the energy feed comprises the following steps: the weight ratio of the starch contained in the energy feed is calculated according to the starch content in the corn kernels of 56.32 percent, the starch content in the wheat bran of 19.8 percent and the starch content in the bean pulp of 18.31 percent, expressed as a percent, then the weight of the starch is determined according to the required amount of the starch of each weaning colt of 1-2 g/kg & BW and the weight of the weaning colt, expressed as b, and the weight of the energy feed which needs to be fed actually can be calculated according to c ═ b/a percent.
Has the advantages that: the energy feed suitable for the weaning foal and the preparation method and the application thereof provided by the invention have the following beneficial effects:
1. the energy feed can meet the requirements of energy and various trace elements required by growth of the colts after weaning, improve the digestion, absorption and utilization rate of various nutrient substances in daily ration by the weaning colts, further promote the growth and development of the weight and body size of the weaning colts and improve the body structure of the weaning colts;
2. the energy feed provided by the invention can be combined with the supplementary feeding, so that the healthy growth and development of weaned foals can be further promoted.
Detailed Description
Example 1
The embodiment provides an energy feed suitable for weaning foals, which comprises the following components in parts by mass: 600kg of corn kernels, 300kg of bean pulp, 60kg of wheat bran, 15kg of calcium hydrophosphate, 10kg of limestone, 5kg of premix, 6kg of salt, 2kg of lysine and 2kg of methionine; the premix comprises the following components in parts by mass: 3kg of bentonite, VA3 g and VB11 g、VB23 g、VB61g, VC1.5 g, VD10 g, VE12 g, pantothenic acid 2.5g, nicotinamide 10g, copper 100g, iron 400g, manganese 300g, zinc 300g, iodine 27g, selenium 1g, cobalt 400g, and choline chloride 428 g.
A preparation method of energy feed suitable for weaning foals comprises the following preparation steps:
step one, preparing steam tabletting: mixing corn kernels, bean pulp and wheat bran to obtain a mixture, putting the mixture into a feed processing steam tablet press, humidifying the mixture (the water content is 20%), adding high-temperature steam (105 ℃, 40min) and pressurizing, pressing into a sheet with the thickness of 0.75mm, and drying (the water content of the sheet is 14%) to obtain steam tablets;
step two, preparation of premix: mixing bentonite, VA and VB1、VB2、VB6VC, VD, VE, pantothenic acid, nicotinamide, copper, iron, manganese, zinc, iodine, selenium, cobalt and choline chloride are uniformly mixed in a mixer to obtain premix;
step three, preparing the energy feed: crushing the steam pressure tablets prepared in the step one by a crusher until the particle size is not more than 0.5mm, uniformly mixing the steam pressure tablets with calcium hydrophosphate, limestone, premix, salt, lysine and methionine, and then granulating into particles with the length of 5mm and the diameter of 3mm to obtain the granular energy feed.
And the pressurizing in the second step is to adjust the two rollers to the required distance (generally 0.8mm), and then increase the extrusion pressure (about 5.5MPa) to fix the two rollers, so that the distance between the rollers is not changed along with the increase of falling corn grains and the continuous extrusion.
The energy feed prepared in example 1 was used for field feeding, the procedure and results were as follows:
1 materials and methods
1.1 test site
The test was conducted in karussu-zhenxing showa pasture, shosu county, xinjiang.
1.2 test animal selection
The 6-month weaned Kazakh foal with birth date, weight and body size similar and male gender detected by veterinarians is selected as a test animal.
1.3 design of the experiment
The experimental selection of 14 6-month-old weaned Kazak foals was randomly divided into 2 groups according to the principle that the average weight (112.36 +/-7.50 kg) is similar, 7 groups of the Kazak foals are respectively a control group and an experimental group, the concentrate fed by the control group consists of crushed corn, bran and coarse crushed barley, and the experimental group feeds the energy feed prepared in the example 1.
1.4 Breeding management
Under the same coarse feed condition, on the principle of the same intake of grain starch, 2g/kg & BW (dry matter basis) of starch is fed according to the weight of kilogram, the concentrate supplement of the whole day is accurately weighed, 650g of concentrate supplement is evenly divided into 3 equal parts, and the concentrate is fed by using special material bags at 09:00, 15:00 and 21:00 respectively. The colts move freely in the playground, and the colts can freely eat coarse fodder in a single groove position to supply sufficient clean drinking water. And (5) carrying out a feeding test in a 90d period, measuring the weight and the body size of the foal in the early morning every 15 days, and adjusting the feeding amount of the concentrate supplement.
1.5 measurement index
Body scale index: height, slant and long body, chest circumference, tube circumference, and weight.
And calculating the total weight gain and daily gain of the colt.
Total weight gain (kg) is the average test end weight-average test initial weight
Average daily gain (kg. d-1) ═ average end of test-average initial weight/day
1.6 measurement method
Respectively weighing the fasting weight of the colt by using a weighbridge in the early 1d before the beginning of the test and the 2d after the end of the test, measuring the body height and body inclination length data of the colt by using a measuring stick, and measuring the chest circumference and pipe circumference data of the colt by using a measuring tape.
1.7 data analysis
The test results are expressed as mean ± standard deviation, the test data are analyzed for variance using SPSS 24.0 software, and the results of each group are tested using independent sample T.
2 analysis of results
2.1 Effect on foal weight and body size
As can be seen from Table 1 below, the foals in the test groups had higher total and daily increases at each stage in terms of body weight, body length, and girth than the control group, but the foals in the test groups did not significantly differ from one another (P > 0.05). The total increase and the daily average increase of the body height of the foal in the test group are respectively 123.58% (P <0.05) and 116.67% (P <0.05) higher than those of the control group, the total increase and the daily average increase of the chest circumference are respectively 48.31% (P <0.05) and 50% (P <0.05) higher than those of the control group.
TABLE 1
Note: the data in the same row are marked with no letters or the same letters to indicate that the difference is not significant (P >0.05), the lower case letters are different to indicate that the difference is significant (P <0.05), and the upper case letters are different to indicate that the difference is very significant (P < 0.01).
2.2 Effect on the digestibility of foal Nutrition
As can be seen from table 2 below, when the energy feed prepared in example 1 was fed to the foals of the test groups, the digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, NDF, AND, energy, Ca, AND P of the foals of the test groups was improved by 9.37%, 8.13%, 5.64%, 18.17%, 16.37%, 10.90%, 17.36%, AND 6.31%, respectively, compared to the control group, AND there was no significant difference (P > 0.05).
TABLE 2
| Item | Control group | Test group |
| Dry matter (%) | 54.74±5.78 | 59.87±5.57 |
| Organics (%) | 56.23±5.67 | 60.80±5.55 |
| Crude protein (%) | 72.10±4.51 | 76.17±4.11 |
| NDF(％) | 40.45±8.55 | 47.80±7.56 |
| ADF(％) | 39.59±9.55 | 46.07±7.95 |
| Energy (%) | 50.28±7.46 | 55.76±5.81 |
| Ca(％) | 31.05±8.40 | 36.44±13.63 |
| P(％) | 41.87±13.33 | 44.51±20.15 |
2.3 Effect on foal plasma immune proteins
As can be seen from table 3 below, when the energy feed prepared in example 1 was fed to the foals of the test groups, the concentrations of IgG and IgA in the plasma of the foals of the test groups were increased by 6.51% and 1.52%, respectively, compared with the control group, and the concentrations of IgM in the plasma of the foals of the test groups were reduced, all of which had no significant difference (P > 0.05).
TABLE 3
| Item | Control group | Test group | P value |
| IgG(g/L) | 9.68±1.98 | 10.31±2.15 | 0.169 |
| IgA(ug/mL) | 2324.89±396.3 | 2360.08±357.9 | 0.671 |
| IgM(ug/mL) | 1154.03±280.87 | 1056.24±337.75 | 0.194 |
2.4 Effect on foal plasma antioxidant capacity
As can be seen from the following Table 4, when the energy feed prepared in example 1 is fed to the colts in the test group, the plasma CAT concentration and the hydroxyl radical clearance rate of the colts are improved greatly, and are respectively improved by 26.49% (P <0.01) and 12.60% (P <0.01) compared with the control group, the plasma T-AOC concentration of the colts is improved, but the difference is not significant (P >0.05), and the energy feed has no significant influence on the plasma SOD level, GSH-PX activity and MDA concentration of the colts in the test group (P > 0.05).
TABLE 4
| Item | Control group | Test group | P value |
| SOD(U/ml) | 100.12±20.37 | 97.96±28.47 | 0.720 |
| CAT(U/mL) | 102.38±23.46 | 129.5±32.09 | 0.001 |
| GSH-PX(U/mL) | 957.98±79.8 | 944.16±80.24 | 0.399 |
| T-AOC(U/mL) | 15.9±3.06 | 17.19±3.24 | 0.052 |
| Hydroxyl radical scavenging rate (%) | 52.05±7.74 | 58.61±13.61 | 0.007 |
| MDA(nmol/mL) | 4.15±1.14 | 4.33±1.35 | 0.518 |
While the embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail, those skilled in the art will recognize that the embodiments of the present invention can be practiced without departing from the spirit and scope of the claims.
Claims (7)
1. An energy feed suitable for weaning foals is characterized by comprising the following components in parts by mass: 600 portions of corn kernels, 300 portions of bean pulp, 50 to 200 portions of wheat bran and phosphorus15-30 parts of calcium hydrogen carbonate, 5-15 parts of limestone, 1-10 parts of premix, 1-10 parts of salt, 1-5 parts of lysine and 1-5 parts of methionine; the premix comprises the following components in parts by mass: 10-30 parts of bentonite, 10-5 parts of VA1 and VB10.1-2 parts of VB21-5 parts of VB60.5-2 parts of VC, 0.5-3 parts of VD5-30 parts of VE2-20 parts of pantothenic acid, 0.5-5 parts of nicotinamide, 1-5 parts of copper, 5-20 parts of iron, 1-10 parts of manganese, 1-10 parts of zinc, 0.5-5 parts of iodine, 0.5-5 parts of selenium, 0.5-5 parts of cobalt and 1-15 parts of choline chloride.
2. A method for preparing an energy feed for weaning foals according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
step one, preparing steam tabletting: mixing the corn kernels, the bean pulp and the wheat bran to obtain a mixture, putting the mixture into a feed processing steam tablet press to humidify, add high-temperature steam and pressurize the mixture, and pressing the mixture into a sheet with the thickness of 0.7-1.2 mm.
Step two, preparation of premix: mixing bentonite, VA and VB1、VB2、VB6VC, VD, VE, pantothenic acid, nicotinamide, copper, iron, manganese, zinc, iodine, selenium, cobalt and choline chloride are uniformly mixed in a mixer to obtain premix;
step three, preparing the energy feed: crushing the steam pressure tablets prepared in the step one by using a crusher until the particle size is not more than 0.5mm, uniformly mixing the steam pressure tablets with calcium hydrophosphate, limestone, premix, salt, lysine and methionine, and then granulating into particles with the length of 3-6 mm and the diameter of 3mm to obtain the granular energy feed.
3. A method for preparing an energy feed suitable for weaning foals according to claim 2, characterized in that: and humidifying in the step one until the water content of the mixture reaches 20-22%.
4. A method for preparing an energy feed suitable for weaning foals according to claim 2, characterized in that: the high temperature of the high-temperature steam added in the step one is 105-110 ℃, and the time is 40 min.
5. A method for preparing an energy feed suitable for weaning foals according to claim 2, characterized in that: and drying in the first step until the water content of the slices is 12-14%.
6. Use of an energy feed for a weaning foal according to claim 1 for the refeeding of a weaning foal.
7. Use of an energy feed for a weaning foal for the resupply of the weaning foal according to claim 7, characterized in that said resupply is carried out by: determining the feeding amount of the energy feed according to the requirement of 1-2 g/kg & BW of starch of each weaning colt, weighing the weight of the weaning colt every 15 days according to actual conditions, determining the feeding amount of the energy feed, weighing the determined weight of the energy feed by using a material bag, averagely dividing the weight into 3 parts, and respectively feeding at 09:00, 15:00 and 21: 00.
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Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN104000012A (en) * | 2014-05-12 | 2014-08-27 | 新疆农业大学 | Concentrate supplement suitable for breast-fed colts |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104000012A (en) * | 2014-05-12 | 2014-08-27 | 新疆农业大学 | Concentrate supplement suitable for breast-fed colts |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
|---|
| 蒋洪茂编著: "《肉牛无公害高效养殖》", 重庆大学出版社, pages: 232 - 233 * |
| 黄新新等: ""不同谷物来源淀粉对断奶马驹屠宰性能、脏器指数及消化道发育的影响"", 《中国畜牧杂志》, pages 3 - 4 * |
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