CN114336025A - Filtering liquid dielectric resonator antenna with reconfigurable transparent polarization and bandwidth - Google Patents
Filtering liquid dielectric resonator antenna with reconfigurable transparent polarization and bandwidth Download PDFInfo
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- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 54
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- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 27
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- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical group CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 27
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
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- 238000005388 cross polarization Methods 0.000 description 6
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- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 3
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011343 solid material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012780 transparent material Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention discloses a filtering liquid dielectric resonator antenna with reconfigurable transparent polarization and bandwidth, which comprises: the metal floor board, the medium substrate, the intermediate medium container, the parasitic medium container, the microstrip feeder line, the vertical metal branch and two microstrip branches with different lengths; the main radiating element is an intermediate medium container. The middle medium container is divided into three different areas, and the left-handed circular polarization and the linear polarization are realized by injecting liquid media into different medium containers; two radiation zero points are obtained on two sides of the passband through two microstrip branches with different lengths; the polarization reconfiguration of the antenna is realized by injecting liquid into different areas of the intermediate container; through injecting liquid into different parasitic containers, the axial ratio bandwidth is adjusted, and the circular polarization axial ratio bandwidth is effectively widened. Therefore, the invention fully utilizes the characteristics of the liquid and realizes better polarization, bandwidth reconstruction function and stable filter response under the condition of no other active devices.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of liquid antennas, and particularly relates to a filtering dielectric resonator antenna which is made of ethyl acetate and has reconfigurable polarization and bandwidth.
Background
Wireless communication technology has made tremendous progress over the past decades, having had a significant impact on people's daily life. Miniaturization, low cost, wide frequency band, and multiple functions have become the main trend in the design of wireless communication systems. The traditional metal antenna is difficult to simultaneously meet the requirements of various performances, and the defects are gradually obvious.
Liquid materials have their unique properties relative to solid materials, such as: a) when the antenna does not work, the liquid can be discharged, so that the Radar Cross Section (RCS) is small; b) the transparency and the hiding effect are good; c) the fluidity and plasticity can be changed along with the shape of the container. Currently, various liquid materials have been proposed for constructing antennas, and in some special applications, the liquid materials are more convenient and effective than traditional solid materials, for example, the liquid fluidity and plasticity are utilized to realize the reconfiguration of the antenna performance.
Transparent antennas are now finding more and more emerging applications, such as in building design incorporating glass, windows, displays or mirrors, as artwork ornaments, and also in combination with solar cells. Transparent materials are key elements of transparent antennas, and currently the most popular transparent materials are conductive oxides (TCO) or Transparent Conductive Films (TCFs), which have both transparency and conductivity. However, these two materials are expensive to manufacture and their optical transparency and efficiency are often limited to below 80%. As 100% optical transparent liquid material, such as liquid water, ethyl acetate, etc., it has the features of low cost, high dielectric constant, high flowability, etc. The loss tangent value of liquid water is increased along with the increase of frequency, the liquid water is sensitive to temperature, and the ethyl acetate is not greatly influenced by the temperature, so that the performance is more stable. The use of ethyl acetate for making transparent liquid antennas is therefore of increasing interest and research by many researchers.
In an antenna configuration, two orthogonal fields are typically generated to achieve circular polarization, typically by single or multi-point feed techniques. Multiple feeds can achieve a wider axial ratio bandwidth but require an external feed network such as a power divider or hybrid coupler, which necessarily results in an increase in the overall size of the antenna and introduces greater losses. In contrast, the single-feed circularly polarized antenna has a simple structure and low processing cost, but the 3-dB axial ratio bandwidth is narrower (usually 3-10%). Therefore, it is crucial to research a technology for widening the axial ratio bandwidth of the single-feed circularly polarized antenna.
In summary, the disadvantages of poor reconfigurability, poor concealment and the like of the existing solid antenna are overcome, and the realization of the transparent reconfigurable liquid antenna by utilizing the transparency and the fluidity of liquid is the key point of the current research on novel liquid material antennas. On the basis, additional functions are added to realize the multifunctional integrated compact antenna, and the compact antenna also has wide application prospect and scientific research value.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a fully transparent filtering liquid dielectric resonator antenna aiming at the prior art, and the liquid antenna with reconfigurable polarization and adjustable bandwidth is realized by utilizing the liquidity of liquid. The antenna has stable gain and high radiation efficiency in a working frequency band, and can realize a multifunctional effect without any additional bias circuit.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows:
a transparent polarized and bandwidth reconfigurable filtering liquid dielectric resonator antenna comprising:
a dielectric substrate;
the metal floor is positioned below the medium substrate;
the microstrip feeder line is positioned above the dielectric substrate;
the intermediate medium container is positioned above the medium substrate;
the parasitic medium container is closely attached to the periphery of the intermediate medium container;
the vertical metal branch knot is positioned on the outer side wall of the intermediate medium container;
one end of each of the two first and second microstrip branches with different lengths is connected with the lower ends of the microstrip feeder line and the vertical metal branch;
wherein:
holes are formed above the intermediate medium container and the parasitic medium container, so that liquid media can be conveniently injected;
the vertical metal branch knot is vertically arranged with the microstrip feeder line and is connected with the top end of the microstrip feeder line;
the middle medium container is divided into three different cavity areas by two transparent medium plates, and the antenna can realize two different polarization states of left-handed circular polarization (LHCP) and Linear Polarization (LP) by injecting liquid into different cavities;
the middle cavity area of the middle medium container is a hexagonal prism, and the cavity areas on the two sides are triangular prisms; injecting liquid medium into the middle cavity region to form a hexagonal medium resonant cavity, and exciting two orthogonal modes
And
thereby realizing circular polarization; preferably, it is used. Liquid is injected into different parasitic medium containers to adjust the circular polarization axial ratio bandwidth and widen the axial ratio bandwidth.
Liquid media are injected into three cavity regions of the intermediate medium container to form a rectangular medium resonant cavity, and the basic mode of the dielectric resonator antenna DRA is excited at the moment
Thereby realizing linear polarization;
preferably, the metal floor is the same as the dielectric substrate in size;
preferably, the first and second microstrip branches are arranged in parallel;
preferably, the medium container is of a cuboid structure;
preferably, the first and second microstrip branches and the vertical metal branch form two crossed coupling structures, and two radiation zeros are realized at the edge of the pass band.
Preferably, the lengths of the first and second microstrip branches are 0.1 λ0And 0.21 lambda0，λ0The operating wavelength of the center frequency.
Preferably, the distance between two adjacent parasitic medium containers and the middle medium container which are tightly attached to the side length center is adjustable;
preferably, the liquid medium is ethyl acetate, and the relative dielectric constant epsilonr6.6, loss tangent tan δ 0.02;
preferably, the medium container is made of polyvinyl chloride (PVC plastic) and has a dielectric constant epsilonrThe loss tangent tan δ was 2.7, and 0.007.
Further, the size of the metal floor is 1.2 lambda0×1.2λ0；
Further, the length and width of the intermediate medium container are both 0.34 lambda0Height of 0.3 lambda0Thickness of 0.012 lambda0. Parasitic vessel length of 0.43 lambda0Width of 0.05 lambda0Height of 0.14 lambda0。
Compared with the prior antenna, the liquid filter dielectric resonator antenna with adjustable transparent polarization and bandwidth has the advantages that:
(1) the invention utilizes the transparency of the liquid material, the appearance of the whole antenna achieves the effect of high optical transparency, and the antenna has ornamental value and practicability. When the antenna is not used, the liquid is pumped out, and the antenna has good concealment.
(2) The invention utilizes the liquidity of the liquid to adjust the structure of the antenna, realizes the switching between the linear polarization state and the left-hand circular polarization state under the condition of not using any external matching circuit, and ensures that the structure of the antenna is simpler.
(3) In the invention, parasitic medium containers are added around the middle resonant cavity, and the axial ratio bandwidth frequency is adjustable by injecting liquid into different parasitic units; when the four parasitic containers are filled with liquid, the axial ratio bandwidth of the left-handed circular polarization is effectively widened.
(4) According to the invention, two microstrip branches with different lengths are designed on the microstrip feeder line, a filtering function is realized without an additional filtering circuit, and the frequency of each zero point can be independently tuned by adjusting the lengths of the microstrip branches.
(5) The invention has greatly improved performance. In a working frequency band, the impedance bandwidth can reach 34.8%, the gain is stabilized at about 6dBi, the radiation efficiency is more than 85%, and the axial ratio bandwidth of left-hand circular polarization reaches 27.2%.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic side view of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic top view of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the present invention in two states; wherein (a) is the linear polarization state and (b) is the left-hand circular polarization state;
FIG. 5 is | S for left hand circular polarization operation of the present invention11A figure of the | reflection coefficient curve and a gain comparison curve with or without micro-strip branches;
FIG. 6 is a graph of AR bandwidth for loading different parasitic elements when the present invention is operating in left hand circular polarization;
FIG. 7 is a graph of the radiation efficiency of the antenna and the AR bandwidth of four parasitic elements loaded in accordance with the present invention when operating in left hand circular polarization;
FIG. 8 is | S for the linear polarization state of the invention11A | reflection coefficient curve graph and a gain curve graph;
FIG. 9 is a radiation pattern for the invention operating in-line polarization; wherein (a) is the main polarization and cross polarization pattern at 0 ° and (b) is the main polarization and cross polarization pattern at 90 °;
FIG. 10 is a radiation pattern for the present invention operating in a circular polarization; where (a) is the main polarization and cross-polarization pattern for phi 0 deg., and (b) is the main polarization and cross-polarization pattern for phi 90 deg..
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1 to 3, a broadband polarization reconfigurable filter liquid dielectric resonator antenna includes: the micro-strip feeder comprises a dielectric substrate S, a metal floor G positioned below the dielectric substrate, a middle dielectric container C, four parasitic dielectric containers C1, C2, C3, C4 and 50 omega metal micro-strip feeders M which are fixed above the dielectric substrate, a first micro-strip branch knot M1, a second micro-strip branch knot M2 which are arranged in parallel and have different lengths, a vertical metal branch knot M3 positioned on the outer side wall of the dielectric container C and a feed port P, wherein the middle dielectric container C, the four parasitic dielectric containers C1, C2, C3 and C4 are fixed above the dielectric substrate;
the metal floor G is a square copper plate printed below the dielectric substrate S;
the metal microstrip feeder line M is positioned above the dielectric substrate S, and the vertical metal branch M3 is arranged perpendicular to the microstrip feeder line M;
the first and second microstrip branches M1 and M2 are positioned between the lower part of the middle medium container and the upper part of the medium substrate, and the two microstrip branches M1 and M2 are connected with one end of a 50 omega metal microstrip feeder line M and the lower end of a vertical metal branch M3; a certain gap is reserved between the first microstrip branch and the second microstrip branch;
the medium container is a rectangular container with an opening at the upper part, is used for containing a liquid medium and is integrally used as a mixed medium resonator;
the middle medium container adopts transparent polyvinyl chloride (PVC plastic) partition plates to separate two corners to form three different regions Q1, Q2 and Q3, wherein the regions Q1 and Q2 are two diagonal triangular prism regions, and the region Q3 is located between the regions Q1 and Q2 and is a hexagonal prism region.
The four parasitic medium containers are positioned around the middle medium container and are rotationally arranged around the z axis, and the offset between the four parasitic medium containers and the x axis and the y axis is ox and oy.
In this example, all the dielectric containers were made of PVC plastic, and had a dielectric constant of 2.7 and a loss tangent tan δ of 0.007. The length, width and height of the intermediate medium container C are a1×b1×d1And the thickness is t. The length, width and height of the parasitic medium containers C1-C4 are a2×b2×d2And the thickness is t. The medium liquid contained in the medium container was ethyl acetate, and the dielectric constant was 6.6 and the loss tangent was 0.02 at a frequency of about 1.9 GHz.
Square grounding plate G and dielectric substrateThe sizes are the same, and the side length is W. The dielectric substrate is a polytetrafluoroethylene dielectric plate with a dielectric constant of 3.38 and a thickness of h. The lengths of two microstrip branches M1 and M2 with different lengths are l respectively1And l2. The length of the vertical metal branch is ls, the width of the vertical metal branch is ws, and the vertical metal branch and the two microstrip branches form two crossed coupling structures, so that two different radiation zeros are introduced to the edge of a pass band, and the filtering effect is achieved.
When ethyl acetate is injected into Q1, Q2, and Q3 of the intermediate medium container, a rectangular medium resonant cavity is formed, as shown in fig. 4(a), and the fundamental mode of the dielectric resonator antenna DRA is excited
Thereby achieving linear polarization. As shown in FIG. 4(b), when ethyl acetate liquid was injected into Q3 and the parasitic element of the intermediate medium container, a hexagonal prism medium resonator was formed, and two orthogonal modes were excited
And
therefore, circular polarization is realized, the liquid parasitic units on the periphery are coupled with the middle dielectric resonator, and the axial ratio bandwidth of the circular polarization is effectively widened.
As shown in table 1, the parameters are parameters after the structure optimization. Wherein λ0To design the operating wavelength of the center frequency. In this example, the center frequency of the design is 1.84GHz, λ0Approximately equal to 163 mm.
TABLE 1
Wherein W represents the side length of the dielectric plate, h represents the thickness of the dielectric plate, and a1、b1、d1Respectively, the length, width and height of the intermediate medium container, a2、b2、d2Respectively, the length of the parasitic medium container,Width and height, t represents the thickness of the medium container, ox and oy represent the offset of the parasitic unit to the x-axis and the y-axis, ls and ws represent the length and width of the vertical metal branch M3 respectively, s represents the length of the right-angle side of the Q1 and Q2 regions, and l1、l2The lengths of the two microstrip branches M1 and M2 are shown, respectively.
FIG. 5 shows | S of the present invention operating in the left-hand circular polarization state11The figure shows the reflection coefficient | S11Under the requirement of less than-10 dB, the working frequency band is 1.52 GHz-2.16 GHz, and the relative bandwidth is 34.8%. It can be seen from the gain curve that there is a stable gain of 6dBi within the passband. Comparing the two gain curves, it can be seen that two radiation zeros (the frequencies of the radiation zeros are 1.25GHz and 2.5GHz, respectively) are introduced at two sides of the pass band after the microstrip branch is added, so that a band-pass filtering antenna is realized.
Fig. 6 is a graph showing AR axial ratio of different parasitic elements loaded when the present invention is operated in a circular polarization state. As can be seen from the figure, when the liquid is injected into the medium containers C1 and C2, the left-hand circular polarization axial ratio bandwidth ranges from 1.63HGHz to 1.95 GHz; when no parasitic element is loaded, the axial ratio bandwidth is 15% (1.72 GHz-1.99 GHz); when liquid is injected into the medium containers C3 and C4, the axial ratio bandwidth ranges from 1.78HGHz to 2.14 GHz. Therefore, the bandwidth frequency can be adjusted by loading different parasitic units;
fig. 7 shows a graph of radiation efficiency for circular polarization and an axial ratio for simultaneous loading of four parasitic elements. Within the operating bandwidth, the antenna radiation is above 85% and the antenna radiation efficiency at the null is below 20%. As shown in the figure, when four parasitic units are added simultaneously, the axial ratio bandwidth is widened from 15% (1.72 GHz-1.99 GHz) to 27.2% (1.64 GHz-2.14 GHz). Thus, the introduction of the liquid parasitic element significantly broadens the axial ratio bandwidth.
FIG. 8 shows | S of the present invention operating in the linear polarization state11The figure shows the reflection coefficient | S11Under the requirement of less than-10 dB, the working frequency band is 1.52 GHz-1.9 GHz, and the relative bandwidth is 22.2%. From the gain mapSo that the gain is stabilized at about 5dBi and the effect of band-pass filtering is achieved.
As shown in fig. 9 and 10, are the radiation patterns of the present invention in two polarization states. The radiation patterns for the linearly polarized E-plane and H-plane are shown in fig. 9(a) and (b), respectively, and fig. 10 is a circularly polarized main polarization and cross polarization pattern. It can be seen from the figure that the radiation pattern is stable in both states and the cross-polarization is less than-15 dB.
In conclusion, the antenna of the invention realizes a fully transparent polarized and frequency reconfigurable filter dielectric resonator antenna. The design gives full play to the characteristics of transparency, reconfigurability, fluidity and the like of the liquid material, and realizes the adjustment of polarization and bandwidth by injecting liquid into different medium containers. When operating in circular polarization, | S11The impedance bandwidth of | lower than-10 dB is 34.8%, the axial ratio bandwidth lower than 3dB is 27.2%, and the radiation frequency of the antenna in the working frequency band is more than 85%; the antenna also operates in linear polarization and has good radiation characteristics. In addition, the design realizes a good band-pass filtering function under the condition of not loading any external circuit, and has great development prospect in the field of wireless communication.
Claims (10)
1. A transparent polarized and bandwidth reconfigurable filtered liquid dielectric resonator antenna, comprising:
a dielectric substrate;
the metal floor is positioned below the medium substrate;
the intermediate medium container is positioned above the medium substrate;
the parasitic medium container is tightly attached to the periphery of the intermediate medium container;
the microstrip feeder line is positioned above the dielectric substrate;
the vertical metal branch knot is positioned on the outer side wall of the medium container;
two first and second microstrip branches with different lengths are arranged below the medium container;
wherein:
holes are formed above the intermediate medium container and the parasitic medium container;
the vertical metal branch knot is vertically arranged with the microstrip feeder line and is connected with the microstrip feeder line;
the middle medium container is divided into three different cavity areas by two transparent medium plates; injecting liquid medium into the middle cavity region to form a hexagonal medium resonant cavity for exciting two orthogonal modes
And
thereby realizing circular polarization; liquid medium is injected into all three cavity regions to form a rectangular medium resonant cavity, and a basic mode of the dielectric resonator antenna DRA is excited
Thereby achieving linear polarization.
2. The filtered liquid dielectric resonator antenna with transparent polarization and reconfigurable bandwidth as claimed in claim 1, wherein said first and second microstrip branches are disposed in parallel, one end of each of said first and second microstrip branches is connected to the microstrip feed line and the lower end of the vertical metal branch, and a gap is left between said first and second microstrip branches.
3. A transparent polarized and bandwidth reconfigurable filtered liquid dielectric resonator antenna as claimed in claim 1, wherein the axial ratio bandwidth of the circular polarization is adjusted by injecting liquid into different parasitic dielectric containers, widening the axial ratio bandwidth.
4. A transparent polarized and bandwidth reconfigurable filtered liquid dielectric resonator antenna as claimed in claim 2, wherein the first and second microstrip stubs and the vertical metal stub form two crossed coupling structures, implementing two radiation nulls at the passband edge.
5. As claimed in claim 1 or 2The filtering liquid dielectric resonator antenna with reconfigurable transparent polarization and bandwidth is characterized in that the lengths of the first microstrip branch and the second microstrip branch are respectively 0.1 lambda0And 0.21 lambda0，λ0The operating wavelength of the center frequency.
6. A transparent polarized and bandwidth reconfigurable filtering liquid dielectric resonator antenna as in claim 1, wherein the distance between adjacent two parasitic dielectric containers and the center of the side length of the intermediate dielectric container is adjustable.
7. The filtered liquid dielectric resonator antenna with reconfigurable transparent polarization and bandwidth as claimed in claim 1, wherein the intermediate dielectric container, the parasitic dielectric container and the transparent dielectric plate are made of PVC plastic and have a dielectric constant ∈rThe loss tangent tan δ was 2.7, and 0.007.
8. A transparent polarising and bandwidth reconfigurable filtering liquid medium resonator antenna as claimed in claim 1, characterised in that the liquid medium is ethyl acetate and the relative dielectric constant ∈ isrThe loss tangent tan δ was 0.02, which was 6.6.
9. A transparent polarising and bandwidth reconfigurable filtering liquid dielectric resonator antenna as claimed in claim 1, wherein the length and width of the intermediate dielectric container are both 0.34 λ0Height of 0.3 lambda0Thickness of 0.012 lambda0。
10. A transparent polarising and bandwidth reconfigurable filtering liquid dielectric resonator antenna as claimed in claim 1, characterised in that the length of the parasitic container is 0.43 λ0Width of 0.05 lambda0Height of 0.14 lambda0。
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- 2021-12-29 CN CN202111638213.3A patent/CN114336025B/en active Active
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| GB0400154D0 (en) * | 2003-11-13 | 2004-02-11 | Fox Andrew | Dielectric resonator antenna array |
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