CN113131197A - Dual-polarized antenna unit and base station antenna - Google Patents
Dual-polarized antenna unit and base station antenna Download PDFInfo
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- CN113131197A CN113131197A CN202110267473.8A CN202110267473A CN113131197A CN 113131197 A CN113131197 A CN 113131197A CN 202110267473 A CN202110267473 A CN 202110267473A CN 113131197 A CN113131197 A CN 113131197A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
- H01Q1/22—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
- H01Q1/24—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set
- H01Q1/241—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM
- H01Q1/246—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM specially adapted for base stations
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
- H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/42—Housings not intimately mechanically associated with radiating elements, e.g. radome
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
- H01Q15/14—Reflecting surfaces; Equivalent structures
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Abstract
The invention discloses a dual-polarized antenna unit and a base station antenna, belonging to the technical field of antennas, wherein the base station antenna comprises at least one dual-polarized antenna unit and a reflecting plate at the bottom, each antenna unit comprises four cross-polarized folded dipoles, each folded dipole consists of two dipole arms, a coplanar strip line, a downward bent arm and a common arm, the dipole arms, the coplanar strip line and the common arm are arranged on the same horizontal plane, the downward bent arm is bent into a non-closed shape on a vertical plane, and the two downward bent arms are respectively and vertically connected with two ends of the common arm. The limited space utilization in the horizontal structure is extended to the lower space through the drooping bending arm, the current length of the antenna is prolonged, the bandwidth is expanded, and meanwhile, the low-frequency resonance point is introduced, so that the performance of the antenna is guaranteed.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of antennas, and relates to a dual-polarized antenna unit and a base station antenna.
Background
In the development process of mobile communication, the contradiction between the increasing number of users and the shortage of sky resources always exists, and especially in the application of large-scale Multiple Input Multiple Output (english: passive Multiple Output, abbreviated as passive MIMO) technology, in order to achieve more comprehensive signal coverage area and ensure that users are in a good communication environment, the density of base stations is continuously increased, and the available site space is increasingly tense. With the rapid development of mobile communication technology, communication systems tend to be integrated more and more, so electronic devices are required to have smaller space size, wider signal bandwidth and more functions, and currently, the research focus and main breakthrough point of base station antennas are in the directions of miniaturization, multi-polarization, broadband, multi-band, low coupling, multi-function, integrated integration and the like of base station antennas.
Miniaturization is a very key principle in the design of dual-polarized base station antennas, has important meanings of reducing cost, facilitating installation and maintenance, saving manufacturing cost and site and the like, and particularly has a key point of making a technical breakthrough because mutual coupling among units is strong when the distance between radiating units is obviously reduced for 32R/T Missive MIMO base station antennas with 1710GHz-2200GHz frequency bands adopted by the rear 4G. For the miniaturization of the base station antenna, in order to achieve the same technical index (such as bandwidth index) after the antenna is miniaturized, the structure of the antenna element is mostly designed in the related art, for example: the dipole of the antenna element adopts a Stepped Impedance Resonator (SIR) structure to reduce the plane size of the antenna element, and two crossed linear dipoles are loaded in the middle of the coupling slot to improve Impedance matching.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to: the utility model provides a dual polarization antenna unit and base station antenna, reduce the size of antenna element under the unchangeable prerequisite of performance, reduce and arrange the space, reduce the degree of difficulty of antenna preparation.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
in a first aspect, a dual polarized antenna unit is provided, comprising: a radiator and a feed structure; the feed structure is vertically supported at the lower part of the radiator to feed and support the radiator; the radiator comprises four cross-polarized folded vibrators, and each folded vibrator comprises two symmetrically arranged vibrator arms, two symmetrically arranged drooping bent arms, two coplanar strip lines and a common arm; a gap is arranged between the two oscillator arms in each folded oscillator, and a gap is arranged between the two coplanar strip lines; the feed structure comprises two mutually orthogonal baluns; the common arm and the oscillator arms are in the same plane, two ends of the common arm are respectively connected with two outer ends of the two oscillator arms, and two inner ends of the two oscillator arms are vertically connected with corresponding coplanar strip lines nearby; the drooping bending arms are connected to two ends of the common arm, each drooping bending arm is bent into a non-closed bending shape in a plane, and the plane of the drooping bending arm is perpendicular to the planes of the vibrator arm and the common arm.
The antenna comprises four folded dipole arms which are symmetrically arranged, a drooping bending arm, a coplanar strip line and a public arm, wherein the folded dipole arms are mutually orthogonal to form a dual-polarized antenna unit, the drooping bending arm is introduced to prolong the current path of the dipole, the current length of the antenna is prolonged, the problem that the size of the dipole is directly reduced to cause the resonance point to move towards high frequency is solved, the problem that the space utilization of a plane structure is limited in the miniaturization process of the antenna is solved, the current at the tail end of the antenna is introduced to the lower space, meanwhile, the resonance point of low frequency is introduced by the design of the drooping bending arm, the bandwidth is widened, the performance of the antenna is maintained, the size of the dual-polarized antenna unit is reduced, the arrangement space of the antenna unit is reduced, the stress of the resource shortage of the sky is relieved, and the size of the dual-polarized.
In a first possible embodiment of the first aspect, the bending shape of the drooping bending arm includes at least one of a bow shape, a dog-leg shape, and an arc shape.
Because the radiation pattern can be influenced by the overlong drooping arm, the bending shape of the drooping bending arm is formed into a bow shape, a fold line shape, an arc shape and the like, so that the current path can be prolonged as far as possible in a limited vertical space, and the performance of the antenna is ensured.
With reference to the first aspect or the first possible embodiment of the first aspect, in a second possible embodiment, the bending variation of the drooping bending arms is uniform, and the pitches of the respective bending regions are equal.
Through the even equidistant bending of flagging the bending arm for flagging the bending arm at the biggest extension effective current path in limited vertical space, the exhibition is wide, guarantees the performance of antenna.
With reference to the first aspect, the first possible implementation manner of the first aspect, or the second possible implementation manner of the first aspect, in a third possible implementation manner, the folded dipole further includes a symmetric open-circuit branch; the symmetrical open-circuit branches and the oscillator arm are on the same plane; the symmetrical open-circuit branch is a branch structure which extends from the outer side end of the oscillator arm to the central point of the radiator to form an open circuit, and the symmetrical open-circuit branch is disconnected from the central point of the radiator.
By arranging the symmetrical open-circuit branches, the current path is further prolonged on the plane, and the bandwidth is widened.
With reference to the first aspect, the first possible implementation manner of the first aspect, the second possible implementation manner of the first aspect, or the third possible implementation manner of the first aspect, in a fourth possible implementation manner, the dipole arms and the common arm of the four folded dipoles enclose a square, and a top plane of the radiator is square.
With reference to the first aspect, the first possible implementation manner of the first aspect, the second possible implementation manner of the first aspect, the third possible implementation manner of the first aspect, or the fourth possible implementation manner of the first aspect, in a fifth possible implementation manner, two adjacent dipole arms and corresponding drooping bending arms in two adjacent folded dipoles are connected; the two connected oscillator arms, the two drooping bending arms and the coplanar strip lines correspondingly connected form a new oscillator arm, and the two new oscillator arms which are in central symmetry with respect to the central point of the radiator form a symmetrical oscillator.
Two groups of symmetrical oscillators can be formed by connecting the adjacent folded oscillators, and the current path can be prolonged, the bandwidth is wide and the performance of the antenna is ensured by combining the design of the drooping bent arm.
With reference to the first aspect, the first possible implementation manner of the first aspect, the second possible implementation manner of the first aspect, the third possible implementation manner of the first aspect, the fourth possible implementation manner of the first aspect, or the fifth possible implementation manner of the first aspect, in a sixth possible implementation manner, a gap is provided between two adjacent dipole arms in two adjacent folded dipoles, and a gap is provided between two adjacent downward folded arms in two adjacent folded dipoles.
The gaps are formed between the adjacent folded vibrators, so that the four folded vibrators are mutually independent, and the current path can be prolonged, the bandwidth is wide, and the performance of the antenna is ensured by combining the design of the drooping bent arm.
With reference to the first aspect, the first possible implementation manner of the first aspect, the second possible implementation manner of the first aspect, the third possible implementation manner of the first aspect, the fourth possible implementation manner of the first aspect, the fifth possible implementation manner of the first aspect, or the sixth possible implementation manner of the first aspect, in a seventh possible implementation manner, the radiator is printed on the first dielectric slab, the first dielectric slab includes a printed dipole arm, a common arm, a horizontal dielectric slab of a coplanar stripline, and a vertical dielectric slab printed with a drooping bent arm, the feeding structure is printed on the second dielectric slab, and the second dielectric slab is perpendicular to the horizontal dielectric slab printed with the dipole arm on the first dielectric slab.
Through printing the irradiator on first dielectric-slab, print feed structure on the second dielectric-slab, not only be convenient for make the shape of irradiator, play the supporting role moreover, can be fixed through the draw-in groove between first dielectric-slab and the second dielectric-slab to fixed connection irradiator and feed structure.
With reference to the first aspect, the first possible implementation manner of the first aspect, the second possible implementation manner of the first aspect, the third possible implementation manner of the first aspect, the fourth possible implementation manner of the first aspect, the fifth possible implementation manner of the first aspect, the sixth possible implementation manner of the first aspect, or the seventh possible implementation manner of the first aspect, in an eighth possible implementation manner, the feeding structure includes two second dielectric plates orthogonal to each other, one surface of each second dielectric plate is printed with a Γ -type balun, and the other surface is printed with a short-circuit patch; the height difference is arranged in the vertical direction of the two gamma-shaped baluns, each gamma-shaped balun is connected with the corresponding feed port, and the short-circuit patches are used for realizing the grounding of the radiator.
The height difference is arranged on the two gamma-shaped baluns in the vertical direction, so that the impedance matching is prevented from being influenced due to the contact between the two baluns; when the first dielectric plate and the second dielectric plate are fixed through the clamping grooves, the short-circuit patch is in contact with the radiator printed on the upper surface of the first dielectric plate, and therefore the radiator is grounded.
In a second aspect, a base station antenna is provided, which includes at least one dual-polarized antenna unit as provided in the first aspect or any one of the possible embodiments of the first aspect, and a reflector plate disposed at the bottom of the dual-polarized antenna unit; the reflecting plate is used for realizing the directional radiation of the dual-polarized antenna unit.
The array formed by a plurality of dual-polarized antenna units is arranged on the reflecting plate, so that the directional radiation of the dual-polarized antenna units can be realized.
In a first possible implementation of the second aspect, the base station antenna further comprises a radome, which covers the exterior of the dual polarized antenna unit.
By arranging the radome outside the dual-polarized antenna unit, the antenna can be protected from the external environment.
Drawings
The invention is further described with reference to the following figures and examples:
fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a dual-polarized antenna unit provided in a first embodiment of the present application;
fig. 2 is a top view of a dual polarized antenna element provided in a first embodiment of the present application;
fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a radiator of a dual-polarized antenna unit according to a first embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 4 is a diagram of S parameter simulation results provided in the first embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 5 is a graph of cross-polarization ratio simulation results provided by a first embodiment of the present application;
fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a dual-polarized antenna unit according to a second embodiment of the present application;
fig. 7 is a top view of a dual polarized antenna element provided in a second embodiment of the present application;
fig. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of a radiator of a dual-polarized antenna unit according to a second embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 9 is a diagram of S parameter simulation results provided in a second embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 10 is a graph of cross-polarization ratio simulation results provided by a second embodiment of the present application;
fig. 11 is a schematic diagram of a radiator with a dogleg-shaped sagging bend arm according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 12 is a schematic diagram of a radiator with an arc-shaped sagging bent arm according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 13 is a schematic structural diagram of a dual-polarized antenna unit according to a third embodiment of the present application;
fig. 14 is a top view of a dual polarized antenna element provided in a third embodiment of the present application;
fig. 15 is a schematic structural diagram of a radiator of a dual-polarized antenna unit according to a third embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 16 is a diagram of simulation results of S-parameters provided in the third embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 17 is a graph showing simulation results of cross-polarization ratios provided in a third embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 18 is a schematic diagram of a balun provided in one embodiment of the present application;
fig. 19 is a circuit diagram of a balun equivalent circuit according to an embodiment of the present application.
Wherein: 1. a radiator; 11. folding the vibrator; 111. a vibrator arm; 112. a downwardly depending bending arm; 113. a coplanar stripline; 114. a common arm; 115. symmetrical open-circuit branches; 116. a new vibrator arm; 2. a feed structure; 21. a balun; 22. a feed port.
Detailed Description
Example (b): with the increasing of communication equipment, the transmission environment is more and more complex, the coupling between different frequency bands and different antennas is more and more serious, the number of antennas required by the base station antenna using the dual-polarized dipole as a main radiation unit is more and more, the base station antenna is limited by the sky resource, and the base station antenna is required to be developed towards the directions of miniaturization, low coupling, integration and the like so as to reduce the arrangement space and relieve the pressure of the shortage of sky resource. With the development of the integrated base station antenna, it is necessary to integrate the antenna unit with the radio frequency module in a limited space, and if the volume of the antenna unit of the miniaturized base station antenna can be reduced, the layout of a plurality of arrays can be realized in the same space, and effective radiation can be performed. The miniaturization of an antenna refers to the reduction of the size of the antenna, including the reduction of the aperture of a radiating element and the reduction of the antenna profile, the isolation refers to the degree of mutual interference between the antennas, and refers to the ratio of a signal transmitted by one antenna to a signal coupled to another antenna to the signal transmitted by the other antenna, the isolation is generally related to the distance between the antennas, and the greater the distance, the better the isolation.
The base station antenna needs to have good directional radiation, and in order to realize directional radiation of the antenna, a metal reflecting plate is placed right below the antenna, backward radiation of the antenna is suppressed, and antenna gain is improved by using a reflected beam, in order to compensate the electromagnetic wave phase difference caused by the metal reflector and alleviate the adverse effect of the image current generated by the metal reflector on the radiation performance of the antenna, the distance between the reflector and the antenna is generally a quarter wavelength corresponding to the resonance frequency point, therefore, the antenna has a higher profile and a larger space volume, and the size of the radiating element of the antenna is inevitably reduced to realize the miniaturization of the antenna, thereby lead to resonance point to the high frequency removal, in order to make antenna work in the frequency band within range, reduce the antenna size simultaneously, this application provides a dual polarization antenna element and base station antenna, can reduce its size under the prerequisite that the performance of dual polarization antenna element keeps unchangeable.
As shown in fig. 1, the present application provides a dual polarized antenna unit comprising: a radiator 1 and a feed structure 2; the feed structure 2 is supported vertically at the lower part of the radiator 1.
With combined reference to fig. 2 and 3, the radiator 1 comprises four folded dipoles 11, cross-polarized, each comprising two symmetrically arranged dipole arms 111, a lower folded arm 112, a coplanar stripline 113 and a common arm 114; a gap is arranged between the two vibrator arms 111 in each folded vibrator 11; the feed structure 2 comprises two mutually orthogonal baluns 21. Wherein the arrows in fig. 3 indicate the current distribution of the radiator 1.
The common arm 114 and the oscillator arms 111 are in the same plane, two ends of the common arm 114 are respectively connected with two outer ends of the two oscillator arms 111, and two inner ends of the two oscillator arms 111 are vertically connected with corresponding coplanar strip lines 113; the drooping bending arm 112 is connected to two ends of the common arm 114, and the plane of the drooping bending arm 112 is vertical to the planes of the vibrator arm 111 and the common arm 114; the lower bent arm 112 is in a non-closed bent shape.
A gap is formed between the two dipole arms 111 in each folded dipole 11, a gap is formed between the two coplanar striplines 113, each coplanar stripline 113 connects the inner ends of the dipole arms 111 at the corresponding position, and illustratively, the two coplanar striplines 113 are parallel to each other. The radiator 1 is composed of four folded dipoles 11, connected by four coplanar striplines 113, and can form a ± 45 ° dual polarization by the superposition of fields.
The length of the common arm 114 is equal to the distance between the outer ends of the two vibrator arms 111, and the common arm 114 is illustratively parallel to the vibrator arms 111.
The drooping bending arms 112 are connected to both side ends of the common arm 114, respectively, and the end of the folded vibrator 11 is drooping-extended, so that the electric length of the vibrator is extended, the current path is extended, and the symmetrical limit size is realized. After the size of the antenna is reduced, the resonance point moves to high frequency, and because the space utilization of a plane structure is limited in the miniaturization process of the antenna, under the idea of increasing a current path, the current at the tail end of the antenna is led to the lower space, and a new resonance point is introduced.
The lower bent arm 112 not only lengthens the current path, but also introduces a resonance point at a low frequency, which not only broadens the bandwidth, but also allows the element to have room for further continued narrowing, without deteriorating the isolation of the antenna element. By configuring the length and width of the drooping bending arm 112, the dual-polarized antenna unit can be well matched in a required frequency band, and meanwhile, the port isolation and the cross polarization ratio of the dual-polarized antenna unit meet the design requirements. As can be seen from the current distribution in fig. 3, the design of the drooping bending arm 112 not only can effectively prolong the current path, but also can make the current of the drooping part affected by the flowing direction of the edge current, and form a ± 45 ° dual polarization as the whole edge current, and has little influence on the isolation.
In practical application, considering the radiation performance of the dual-polarized antenna unit and the coupling influence between the units after array formation, the length of the drooping bending arm 112 should not be too long, and needs to be adjusted according to the oscillator itself.
For antenna performance, it can be determined from matching performance and cross-polarization ratio, and the antenna generally uses S of S parameter11Describing the matching performance of the antenna, S11The reflection coefficient of a port is represented, namely the input return loss of the port, and the return loss refers to the ratio of incident power to reflected power; the base station antenna is generally designed to be dual polarized, a predetermined polarization direction of the antenna is defined as main polarization, a polarization direction perpendicular to the main polarization direction is cross polarization, the cross polarization is a useless component, a ratio of the main polarization to the cross polarization is called a cross polarization ratio, and the larger the cross polarization ratio is, the higher the energy utilization ratio is.
For the dual-polarized antenna unit shown in fig. 1 to fig. 3, fig. 4 shows a simulation result of S-parameter, fig. 5 shows a simulation result of cross polarization ratio (directional diagram simulation result) at a frequency of 2.2GHz, and according to the simulation result, the cross polarization ratio of the dual-polarized antenna unit is greater than 25dB in the main direction, and is greater than 10dB in a range of ± 60 °, which meets the design requirement of the base station antenna unit.
In practical simulation, the size of the dual-polarized antenna unit shown in fig. 1 to 3 after the antenna is miniaturized is 0.21 λ × 0.21 λ, so that the antenna is miniaturized, the radiation performance of the antenna is good, the design requirement of the antenna can be basically met within the working frequency band of 1.7-2.2GHz, and the design structure of the radiator of the dual-polarized antenna unit is simplified, thereby facilitating mass production.
Optionally, referring to fig. 6 to 8 in combination, the folded dipole 11 further includes symmetrical open-circuit branches 115; the symmetrical open-circuit branch 115 and the oscillator arm 111 are on the same plane; the open-symmetrical stub 115 is a stub structure that an open circuit extends from the outer end of the dipole arm 111 to the center point of the radiator 1, and the open-symmetrical stub 115 is disconnected from the center point of the radiator 1. Wherein the arrows in fig. 8 indicate the current distribution of the radiator 1.
By adding the symmetrical open-circuit branches 115, the current path can be further extended on the plane of the radiator 1, and the bandwidth can be widened.
For the dual-polarized antenna units shown in fig. 6 to 8, fig. 9 shows a simulation result of S-parameters, and fig. 10 shows a simulation result of cross polarization ratio at a frequency of 2.2GHz, according to the simulation result, the cross polarization ratio of the dual-polarized antenna unit is greater than 25dB in the main direction, and is greater than 10dB in a range of ± 60 °, so that the dual-polarized antenna unit has good anti-interference capability and good radiation performance, and basically meets the design requirements of the base station antenna unit.
In the actual simulation, the size of the dual-polarized antenna unit shown in fig. 6 to 8 after the antenna is miniaturized is 0.21 λ × 0.21 λ, the operating band is 1.7-2.2GHz, the standing wave is below 1.5, the isolation is below-30 dB, and the design requirements of the antenna can be basically met.
Optionally, the bending shape of the downwardly bent arm 112 includes at least one of a bow shape, a fold line shape, and an arc shape. The downwardly bent arm 112 is designed to have a bent shape, particularly, a bow shape, so that the space bent downwardly can be maximally utilized, and the current path can be greatly extended. Illustratively, the downwardly depending flexure arms 112 of fig. 1, 3, 6, and 8 are bow-shaped bends, the downwardly depending flexure arms 112 of fig. 11 are dogleg-shaped bends, and the downwardly depending flexure arms of fig. 12 are arcuate-shaped bends.
Optionally, the bending of the downwardly bent arm 112 varies uniformly, the length of each bent portion is equal, and the spacing between the bent regions is equal. The uniform and equidistant bending enables the drooping bending arm 112 to prolong the effective current path to the maximum extent in a limited vertical space, the spread bandwidth is wide, and the performance of the antenna is ensured.
Alternatively, the dipole arms 111 and the common arm 114 of the four folded dipoles 11 enclose a square, and the top plane of the radiator 1 is square.
The design of the lower bending arms is carried out on four corners of the vibrator of the square radiator 1, a low-frequency resonance point is introduced, the introduction of the resonance point can not only widen the bandwidth, but also enable the vibrator to have a further continuously reduced space, and has no deteriorating influence on other performances of the antenna unit, the structure is simple to manufacture, and the mass production is facilitated.
In one possible implementation, a gap is provided between two adjacent dipole arms 111 of two adjacent folded dipoles 11, and a gap is provided between two adjacent drooping bent arms 112 of two adjacent folded dipoles 11. For example, a gap is provided between two adjacent folded dipoles 11 in fig. 1 to 3 and 6 to 8.
In another possible implementation manner, referring to fig. 13 to 15 in combination, two adjacent dipole arms 111 of two adjacent folded dipoles 11 are connected, and two adjacent lower bent arms 112 of two adjacent folded dipoles 11 are connected; the two connected dipole arms 111, the two corresponding connected coplanar striplines 113, and the two connected drooping bent arms 112 at corresponding positions form a new dipole arm 116, the two new dipole arms 116 that are centrosymmetric with respect to the center point of the radiator 1 form a dipole, and illustratively, the two new dipole arms 116 within the dashed frame in fig. 14 form a dipole, and the radiator 1 includes two dipoles. Here, the arrows in fig. 15 indicate the current distribution of the radiator 1.
The dipole is a commonly used antenna form and is composed of two symmetric dipole arms, the length and width of the two dipole arms are equal, and the feed point is located at the middle two end points.
Fig. 13 to 15 change the shape of the radiator 1 to convert the folded dipole 11 of the radiator 1 into a pair of cross orthogonal square-ring dipoles and four stubs (common arms 114) at the edges connecting them, and the four folded-in bow-shaped lower arms are connected to each other without a gap, and have good symmetry.
For the dual-polarized antenna units shown in fig. 13 to fig. 15, fig. 16 shows simulation results of S parameters, and fig. 17 shows simulation results of cross polarization ratio at a frequency of 2GHz, according to the simulation results, the cross polarization ratio of the dual-polarized antenna unit is greater than 25dB in the main direction, and is greater than 10dB in the range of ± 60 °, so as to meet the design requirements of the base station antenna unit.
In actual simulation, the size of the dual-polarized antenna unit shown in fig. 13 to 15 after the antenna is miniaturized is 0.21 λ × 0.21 λ, so that the antenna is miniaturized, the design of the bending arm is simpler, the radiation performance of the antenna is good, and the design requirement of the antenna can be basically met within the operating frequency band of 1.7 to 2.2 GHz. The radiation performance basically the same is realized by adopting a simpler structure, the processing operation is convenient, and the mass production is facilitated.
For the three dual-polarized antenna units in fig. 1 to 3, 6 to 8, and 13 to 15, according to the simulation result, the matching performance and the port isolation of the three are substantially the same, which satisfies the basic bandwidth of the operation of the base station antenna unit, the current flow direction on the downward bent arm 112 is the same, and the three all satisfy the design requirement of the base station antenna unit, and the size of the radiator 1 can be reduced, thereby realizing the miniaturization of the antenna unit. After the dual-polarized antenna unit provided by the application is miniaturized, the layout of a plurality of arrays can be realized in the same space, effective radiation can be carried out, and more spaces are provided for decoupling after array combination to implement decoupling means.
In practical applications, the radiator 1 may be directly machined into a predetermined shape by metal, or may be fixed on a dielectric plate, and the predetermined shape is machined based on the dielectric plate.
Optionally, the radiator 1 is printed on a first dielectric board, and the feeding structure 2 is printed on a second dielectric board, where the second dielectric board is perpendicular to the planar portion of the first dielectric board on which the oscillator arm 111 is printed.
As shown in the figure, the first dielectric plate includes a horizontal dielectric plate printed with a vibrator arm 111, a common arm 114, a coplanar stripline 113, and a vertical dielectric plate printed with a lower bent arm 112, and the second dielectric plate printed with the feeding structure 2 is perpendicular to the horizontal dielectric plate printed with the vibrator arm 111 and the like. The second dielectric plate can be used not only for printing the feed structure 2 but also for supporting.
Illustratively, the feed structure 2 is printed on a Rogers RO4003 dielectric board with a dielectric constant of 3.55 and a dielectric board thickness of 0.5mm, and the radiator 1 is printed on a Rogers 5880 dielectric substrate with a dielectric constant of 2.2 and a dielectric board thickness of 1 mm.
Optionally, the feed structure 2 includes two second dielectric plates orthogonal to each other, one surface of each second dielectric plate is printed with a Γ -type balun, and the other surface is printed with a short-circuit patch.
For the design of the feed structure 2, in order to balance the current on the radiator 1, a balun 21 is required to balance the feed. In order to prevent the impedance matching from being influenced by the contact between the two baluns, the two gamma-shaped baluns are provided with height difference in the vertical direction, each gamma-shaped balun is respectively connected with the corresponding feed port 22, and the baluns adopt the design of microstrip lines and achieve the matching state of the antenna through impedance transformation. Referring to fig. 18 and 19 in combination, a model and equivalent circuit of a balun is shown, illustratively, using a 50 Ω feed, Z in fig. 19abIs a resistance of the antenna without a feed structure, ZsIs the characteristic impedance of the slot line, Z1、Z2、Z3Characteristic impedances, Z, of the three microstrip lines in FIG. 18, respectively4For the open-ended line characteristic impedance of fig. 18, the line at the feed point can be equivalent to an ideal transformer, feeding the radiator 1 by coupling.
For example, as shown in fig. 18, it shows that one side of the second dielectric board is printed with a balun 21, the other side of the second dielectric board is printed with the whole metal as a short-circuit patch, the top of the second dielectric board has a protruding structure, the first dielectric board is provided with a slot corresponding to the protruding structure, the protruding structure and the slot are matched to fixedly connect the first dielectric board and the second dielectric board, a part of the short-circuit patch on the protruding structure passes through the slot to contact with the radiator 1 on the upper portion of the first dielectric board, and the short-circuit patch is used for achieving grounding of the radiator 1.
The two baluns 21 are excited by the feed port 22, 50 omega impedance from the input port is converted through three-section impedance, a gap between printed metal surfaces on the other surface of the printed balun 21 is coupled to the radiator 1, the coupling position can be equivalent to an ideal transformer with the ratio of 1:1, the tail end of the last balun is open, after current is excited on the radiator 1, two resonance points are generated through +/-45-degree polarization, and the matching and the size of the antenna are adjusted, so that the impedance and the matching both meet the requirements in a working frequency band, and the miniaturization of the antenna unit is realized to the greatest extent.
In summary, the dual-polarized antenna unit provided by the application is formed by mutually orthogonally arranging four folded dipoles comprising two symmetrically arranged dipole arms, a lower bent arm, a coplanar stripline and a common arm, introduces the lower bent arm to prolong the current path of the dipoles, prolongs the current length of the antenna, avoids the problem that the resonance point moves to high frequency due to the direct reduction of the size of the dipoles, solves the problem that the space utilization of a plane structure is limited in the miniaturization process of the antenna, leads the current at the tail end of the antenna to the lower space, meanwhile, the design of the drooping bending arm introduces a low-frequency resonance point, widens the bandwidth, maintains the performance of the antenna oscillator, and achieves the effects of reducing the size of the dual-polarized antenna unit, reducing the arrangement space of the antenna unit, relieving the pressure of the shortage of sky resources and reducing the size of the dual-polarized antenna unit on the premise that the performance of the dual-polarized antenna unit is not changed.
In addition, because the overlong drooping arm can influence a radiation directional diagram, the bending shape of the drooping bending arm is formed in a bow shape, a fold shape, an arc shape and the like, so that a current path can be prolonged as far as possible in a limited vertical space, and the performance of the antenna is ensured.
In addition, the drooping bending arms are bent at equal intervals, so that the effective current path of the drooping bending arms is prolonged to the maximum degree in a limited vertical space, the bandwidth is expanded, and the performance of the antenna is ensured.
In addition, by arranging the symmetrical open-circuit branches, the current path is further prolonged on the plane, and the bandwidth is widened.
In addition, two groups of symmetrical oscillators can be formed by connecting the adjacent folded oscillators, and the current path can be prolonged, the bandwidth is wide and the performance of the antenna is ensured by combining the design of the drooping bent arm.
In addition, the gaps are formed between the adjacent folded vibrators, so that the four folded vibrators are mutually independent, and the current path can be prolonged by combining the design of the drooping bent arm, the bandwidth is expanded, and the performance of the antenna is ensured.
In addition, the radiator is printed on the first dielectric plate, the feed structure is printed on the second dielectric plate, the shape of the radiator is convenient to manufacture, the support effect is achieved, and the first dielectric plate and the second dielectric plate can be fixed through the clamping grooves to fixedly connect the radiator and the feed structure.
In addition, the height difference is arranged on the two gamma-type baluns in the vertical direction, so that the impedance matching is prevented from being influenced due to the contact between the two baluns; when the first dielectric plate and the second dielectric plate are fixed through the clamping grooves, the short-circuit patch is in contact with the radiator printed on the upper surface of the first dielectric plate, and therefore the radiator is grounded.
The present application also provides a base station antenna, which includes at least one dual-polarized antenna unit as shown in fig. 1 to fig. 19, and a reflective plate disposed at the bottom of the dual-polarized antenna unit, wherein the reflective plate is used for realizing directional radiation of the dual-polarized antenna unit.
In practical application, in order to eliminate negative interference caused by too dense base stations, a base station antenna with good directional radiation characteristics is usually selected, in order to realize directional radiation of the antenna, a metal reflector plate is usually placed right below an antenna unit, backward radiation of the antenna is suppressed, gain of the antenna is improved by using a generated reflected beam, and in order to compensate electromagnetic wave phase difference caused by the metal reflector plate and alleviate adverse effects of image current generated by the metal reflector plate on radiation performance of the antenna, a quarter wavelength corresponding to a resonant frequency point is usually adopted as a distance between the reflector plate and a radiator of the antenna.
In practical applications, the base station antenna further includes a radome covering the exterior of the dual-polarized antenna unit.
In summary, the base station antenna provided by the present application can realize the directional radiation of the dual-polarized antenna units by arranging an array composed of a plurality of dual-polarized antenna units on the reflection plate, because each dual-polarized antenna unit includes four orthogonal folded dipoles, each dipole includes two symmetrically arranged dipole arms, a lower bent arm, a coplanar stripline and a common arm, the lower bent arm is introduced to extend the current path of the dipole, thereby extending the current length of the antenna, avoiding the problem that the resonance point moves to high frequency due to the direct reduction of the size of the dipole, solving the problem that the space utilization of the plane structure is limited in the miniaturization process of the antenna, leading the current at the end of the antenna to the lower space, and simultaneously leading the low-frequency resonance point into the design of the lower bent arm to widen the bandwidth, maintaining the performance of the antenna dipole, and achieving the reduction of the size of the dual-polarized antenna unit, the arrangement space of the antenna units is reduced, the pressure of shortage of sky resources is relieved, the size of the dual-polarized antenna units is reduced on the premise that the performance of the antenna units is not changed, the space between the antenna units is ensured, strong mutual coupling between the antenna units caused by undersize of the space is avoided, and the miniaturization, low coupling and bandwidth expansion of the base station antenna are facilitated.
In addition, the antenna housing is arranged outside the dual-polarized antenna unit, so that the antenna can be protected from the external environment.
The terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implying a number of the indicated technical features. Thus, a defined feature of "first", "second", may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of the present application, "a plurality" means two or more unless otherwise specified.
The above-mentioned serial numbers of the embodiments of the present application are merely for description and do not represent the merits of the embodiments.
The above description is only exemplary of the present application and should not be taken as limiting the present application, as any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present application should be included in the protection scope of the present application.
Claims (10)
1. A dual polarized antenna element, said dual polarized antenna element comprising: a radiator and a feed structure; the feed structure is vertically supported at the lower part of the radiator;
the radiator comprises four folded dipoles which are cross-polarized, and each folded dipole comprises two symmetrically arranged dipole arms, a drooping bent arm, a coplanar stripline and a common arm; a gap is arranged between two vibrator arms in each folded vibrator; the feed structure comprises two mutually orthogonal baluns;
the common arm and the vibrator arms are in the same plane, two ends of the common arm are respectively connected with two outer ends of the two vibrator arms, and two inner ends of the two vibrator arms are vertically connected with the corresponding coplanar striplines; the drooping bending arms are connected to two ends of the common arm, and the plane where the drooping bending arms are located is perpendicular to the planes where the vibrator arms and the common arm are located;
the drooping bending arm is in a non-closed bending shape.
2. The dual polarized antenna unit of claim 1, wherein the bent shape of the lower bent arm comprises at least one of a bow shape, a dogleg shape, and an arc shape.
3. A dual polarized antenna element according to claim 2, wherein the bends of said lower bent arms vary uniformly.
4. The dual polarized antenna element of claim 1, wherein said folded dipole further comprises open-circuited symmetrical stubs;
the symmetrical open-circuit branch knots and the vibrator arms are on the same plane;
the symmetrical open-circuit branch is a branch structure which extends from the outer end of the oscillator arm to the central point of the radiator to form an open circuit.
5. The dual polarized antenna element of claim 1, wherein the dipole arms and the common arm of the four folded dipoles enclose a square.
6. The dual polarized antenna unit of claim 1, wherein two adjacent dipole arms of two adjacent folded dipoles are connected, and two adjacent drooping bent arms of two adjacent folded dipoles are connected;
the two connected oscillator arms, the coplanar striplines correspondingly connected with the oscillator arms and the two connected drooping bending arms correspondingly positioned form a new oscillator arm, and the two new oscillator arms which are in central symmetry relative to the central point of the radiator form a symmetrical oscillator.
7. The dual polarized antenna unit of claim 1, wherein a gap is provided between two adjacent dipole arms of two adjacent folded dipoles, and a gap is provided between two adjacent lower bent arms of two adjacent folded dipoles.
8. The unit of any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein said radiator is printed on a first dielectric plate, said feed structure is printed on a second dielectric plate, said second dielectric plate being perpendicular to said first dielectric plate and having said planar portion of said dipole arm printed thereon.
9. A dual polarized antenna unit according to claim 8, wherein said feed structure comprises two said second dielectric plates orthogonal to each other, each of said second dielectric plates having one face printed with an Γ -type balun and the other face printed with a shorting patch;
the two gamma-shaped baluns are provided with height difference in the vertical direction, each gamma-shaped balun is connected with a corresponding feed port, and the short circuit patches are used for realizing grounding of the radiator.
10. A base station antenna comprising at least one dual polarized antenna element as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 9 and a reflector plate disposed at the bottom of said dual polarized antenna element; the reflecting plate is used for realizing the directional radiation of the dual-polarized antenna unit.
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