CN114336025B - Filtering liquid medium resonator antenna with reconfigurable transparent polarization and bandwidth - Google Patents
Filtering liquid medium resonator antenna with reconfigurable transparent polarization and bandwidth Download PDFInfo
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- CN114336025B CN114336025B CN202111638213.3A CN202111638213A CN114336025B CN 114336025 B CN114336025 B CN 114336025B CN 202111638213 A CN202111638213 A CN 202111638213A CN 114336025 B CN114336025 B CN 114336025B
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- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical group CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 27
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- 238000005388 cross polarization Methods 0.000 description 6
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Abstract
The invention discloses a transparent polarization and bandwidth reconfigurable filtering liquid medium resonator antenna, which comprises: the micro-strip antenna comprises a metal floor, a medium substrate, an intermediate medium container, a parasitic medium container, a micro-strip feeder line, a vertical metal branch and two micro-strip branches with different lengths; the main radiating element is an intermediate medium container. The middle medium container is divided into three different areas, and the left-hand circular polarization and the linear polarization are realized by injecting liquid medium into the different medium containers; two radiation zero points are obtained on two sides of the passband through two microstrip branches with different lengths; by injecting liquid into different areas of the intermediate container, polarization reconfiguration of the antenna is realized; by injecting liquid into different parasitic containers, the axial ratio bandwidth adjustment is realized, and the circular polarization axial ratio bandwidth is effectively widened. Therefore, the invention fully utilizes the characteristics of liquid and realizes better polarization, bandwidth reconstruction function and stable filter response under the condition of no other active devices.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of liquid antennas, and particularly relates to a polarization and bandwidth reconfigurable filter dielectric resonator antenna made of ethyl acetate.
Background
Over the past decades, wireless communication technologies have made tremendous advances, with significant impact on people's daily lives. Miniaturization, low cost, wide band, multi-functionality have become a major trend in wireless communication system design. The traditional metal antenna is difficult to meet various performance requirements at the same time, and the defects are gradually obvious.
Liquid materials have their unique properties relative to solid materials, such as: a) The liquid can be discharged when the antenna is not in operation, so that the Radar Cross Section (RCS) is small; b) The transparency and the good hiding effect are achieved; c) Fluidity and plasticity can be changed along with the shape of the container. A variety of liquid materials have been proposed for constructing antennas, and in some particular applications, liquid materials are more convenient and efficient than traditional solid materials, for example, utilizing liquid flowability, plasticity to achieve reconfigurability of antenna performance.
Transparent antennas are now increasingly used in applications such as integration with glass, windows, displays or mirrors in house design, and can be made into artwork and also be combined with solar cells. Transparent materials are the key elements of transparent antennas, and the most popular transparent materials at present are conductive oxides (TCOs) or Transparent Conductive Films (TCFs), which have both a certain transparency and conductivity. However, both materials are costly to manufacture and their optical transparency and efficiency are often limited to less than 80%. As 100% optically transparent liquid material, such as liquid water, ethyl acetate, etc., it has the features of low cost, high dielectric constant, flowability, etc. Liquid water increases with frequency, the loss tangent of the water increases, the liquid water is sensitive to temperature, and the ethyl acetate is less affected by temperature, so that the performance is more stable. The use of ethyl acetate to fabricate transparent liquid antennas is therefore of increasing interest and study by students.
In an antenna structure, in order to achieve circular polarization, two orthogonal fields are typically required to be generated, typically by single or multi-point feed techniques. Multiple feeds can achieve a wider axial bandwidth but require an external feed network such as a power divider or hybrid coupler, which necessarily results in an increase in the overall size of the antenna and the introduction of greater losses. In contrast, single feed circularly polarized antennas are simple in structure and low in processing cost, but have a 3-dB axis narrower than the bandwidth (typically 3-10%). Therefore, it is important to study a technique for widening the axial ratio bandwidth of a single-feed circularly polarized antenna.
In summary, the disadvantages of poor reconfigurability, poor concealment and the like of the existing solid antenna are overcome, and the realization of the transparent reconfigurable liquid antenna by utilizing the transparency and the fluidity of the liquid is the key point of the research on the novel liquid material antenna. On the basis, the compact antenna with additional functions and integrated functions is also provided, and the compact antenna has wide application prospect and scientific research value.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims at providing a full transparent filter liquid medium resonator antenna aiming at the prior art, and realizing a polarization reconfigurable and bandwidth adjustable liquid antenna by utilizing the fluidity of liquid. The antenna has stable gain and higher radiation efficiency in the working frequency band, and can realize the multifunctional effect without any additional bias circuit.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows:
a transparent polarization and bandwidth reconfigurable filtered liquid medium resonator antenna comprising:
a dielectric substrate;
a metal floor, which is positioned below the dielectric substrate;
the microstrip feeder is positioned above the dielectric substrate;
an intermediate medium container located above the medium substrate;
the parasitic medium container is closely positioned around the intermediate medium container;
the vertical metal branch is positioned on the outer side wall of the intermediate medium container;
one end of each of the first microstrip branch knot and the second microstrip branch knot with different lengths is connected with the lower ends of the microstrip feeder and the vertical metal branch knot;
wherein:
the upper parts of the intermediate medium container and the parasitic medium container are provided with holes, so that liquid medium can be conveniently injected;
the vertical metal branch is vertically arranged with the microstrip feeder and is connected with the top end of the microstrip feeder;
the middle medium container is divided into three different cavity areas by two transparent medium plates, and the antenna can realize two different polarization states of left-hand circular polarization (LHCP) and Linear Polarization (LP) by injecting liquid into the different cavities;
the middle cavity area of the middle medium container is sixThe cavity areas on the two sides of the prism are triangular prisms; only the liquid medium is injected into the middle cavity area to form a hexagonal medium resonant cavity, and two orthogonal modes are excited at the momentAndthereby realizing circular polarization; preferably. Liquid is injected into different parasitic medium containers, so that the circular polarization axial ratio bandwidth is adjusted, and the axial ratio bandwidth is widened.
The three cavity areas of the medium container are filled with liquid medium to form a rectangular medium resonant cavity, and the fundamental mode of the medium resonator antenna DRA is excited at the momentThereby realizing linear polarization;
preferably, the metal floor and the dielectric substrate have the same size;
preferably, the first microstrip branches and the second microstrip branches are arranged in parallel;
preferably, the medium container adopts a cuboid structure;
preferably, the first microstrip branch and the second microstrip branch and the vertical metal branch form two crossed coupling structures, and two radiation nulls are realized at the edges of the pass band.
Preferably, the lengths of the first microstrip branch and the second microstrip branch are respectively 0.1lambda 0 And 0.21 lambda 0 ,λ 0 Is the operating wavelength of the center frequency.
Preferably, the distance between two adjacent parasitic medium containers and the center of the close side length of the middle medium container is adjustable;
preferably, the liquid medium is ethyl acetate, and the relative dielectric constant ε r A loss tangent tan delta=0.02 at 6.6;
preferably, the medium container is made of polyvinyl chloride (PVC plastic) and has dielectric constant epsilon r The loss tangent tan δ=0.007 at 2.7.
Further, the size of the metal floor is 1.2λ 0 ×1.2λ 0 ;
Further, the intermediate medium containers were each 0.34 lambda long and wide 0 A height of 0.3λ 0 Thickness of 0.012 lambda 0 . The length of the parasitic container is 0.43λ 0 With a width of 0.05λ 0 A height of 0.14λ 0 。
Compared with the existing antenna, the liquid filter medium resonator antenna with adjustable transparent polarization and bandwidth has the beneficial effects that:
(1) The invention utilizes the transparency of the liquid material, and the whole antenna appearance achieves the effect of high optical transparency, thereby having ornamental value and practicability. When the antenna is not used, the liquid is pumped out, so that the antenna has good concealment.
(2) The invention adjusts the structure of the antenna by utilizing the fluidity of the liquid, and realizes the switching between the two states of linear polarization and left-hand circular polarization without any external matching circuit, so that the antenna structure is simpler.
(3) According to the invention, parasitic medium containers are added around the middle resonant cavity, and the axial ratio bandwidth frequency is adjustable by injecting liquid into different parasitic units; when the four parasitic containers are filled with liquid, the axial ratio bandwidth of the left-hand circular polarization is effectively widened.
(4) According to the invention, two microstrip branches with different lengths are designed on the microstrip feeder, a filtering function is realized under the condition that an additional filtering circuit is not needed, and the frequency of each zero point can be independently tuned by adjusting the length of the microstrip branches.
(5) The invention has greatly improved performance. In the working frequency band, the impedance bandwidth can reach 34.8%, the gain is stabilized at about 6dBi, the radiation efficiency is above 85%, and the axial ratio bandwidth of the left-hand circular polarization reaches 27.2%.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic side elevational view of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic top view of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the structure of the present invention in two states; wherein (a) is a linear polarization state and (b) is a left-hand circular polarization state;
FIG. 5 shows the |S when the invention is operated in left-hand circular polarization 11 A graph of the reflection coefficient and a graph of the gain contrast with or without microstrip branches;
FIG. 6 is a graph of AR bandwidth loading different parasitic elements when the invention is operating in left-hand circular polarization;
FIG. 7 is a graph of the radiation efficiency of the antenna and the AR bandwidth loading of four parasitic elements when the invention is operating in left hand circular polarization;
FIG. 8 is a diagram showing the |S of the present invention when operating in an on-line polarization state 11 A reflection coefficient graph and a gain graph;
FIG. 9 is a radiation pattern of an in-line polarization in which the present invention operates; wherein (a) is the principal and cross polarization pattern at phi=0°, and (b) is the principal and cross polarization pattern at phi=90°;
FIG. 10 is a radiation pattern for the invention operating in circular polarization; where (a) is the principal and cross polarization pattern at phi=0°, and (b) is the principal and cross polarization pattern at phi=90°.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1 to 3, a wideband polarization reconfigurable filter liquid medium resonator antenna, comprising: the dielectric substrate S is positioned on a metal floor G below the dielectric substrate, an intermediate dielectric container C fixed above the dielectric substrate, four parasitic dielectric containers C1, C2, C3 and C4, a 50 omega metal microstrip feeder line M is printed above the dielectric substrate, two first microstrip branches M1 and second microstrip branches M2 which are arranged in parallel and have different lengths, a vertical metal branch M3 positioned on the outer side wall of the dielectric container C and a feed port P;
the metal floor G is a square copper plate printed below the dielectric substrate S;
the metal microstrip feeder line M is positioned above the dielectric substrate S, and the vertical metal branch M3 is vertically arranged with the microstrip feeder line M;
the first microstrip branch knot M1 and the second microstrip branch knot M2 are positioned between the lower part of the middle medium container and the upper part of the medium substrate, and the two microstrip branch knots M1 and M2 are connected with one end of the 50 omega metal microstrip feeder line M and the lower end of the vertical metal branch knot M3; a certain gap is reserved between the first microstrip branch node and the second microstrip branch node;
the medium container is a rectangular container with an opening at the upper part and is used for containing liquid medium, and the whole medium container serves as a mixed medium resonator;
the middle medium container adopts a transparent polyvinyl chloride (PVC plastic) partition board to separate two corners to form three different areas Q1, Q2 and Q3, wherein the areas Q1 and Q2 are two diagonal triangular prism areas, and the area Q3 is positioned between the areas Q1 and Q2 and is a hexagonal prism area.
The four parasitic medium containers are positioned around the middle medium container and are rotatably arranged around the z-axis, and the offset of the four parasitic medium containers and the x-axis and the y-axis is ox and oy.
In this example, all the materials of the medium containers were PVC plastic, the dielectric constant was 2.7, and the loss tangent tan δ=0.007. The length, width and height of the intermediate medium container C are a 1 ×b 1 ×d 1 The thickness is t. The length, width and height of the parasitic medium containers C1-C4 are a 2 ×b 2 ×d 2 The thickness is t. The dielectric liquid in the dielectric container was ethyl acetate, and had a dielectric constant of 6.6 and a loss tangent of 0.02 at a frequency of about 1.9 GHz.
The square grounding plate G has the same size as the dielectric substrate, and the side length is W. The dielectric substrate adopts a polytetrafluoroethylene dielectric plate with a dielectric constant of 3.38, and the thickness is h. The lengths of the two microstrip branches M1 and M2 with different lengths are respectively l 1 And l 2 . The length of the vertical metal branch is ls, the width is ws, and two crossed coupling structures are formed by the vertical metal branch and the two microstrip branches, so that two different radiation zero points are introduced at the edge of the passband, and the filtering effect is achieved.
As shown in fig. 4 (a), when ethyl acetate is injected into the intermediate dielectric containers Q1, Q2, Q3, a rectangular dielectric resonator is formed, and the fundamental mode of the dielectric resonator antenna DRA is excitedThereby achieving linear polarization. As shown in FIG. 4 (b), when ethyl acetate liquid is injected into the Q3 and parasitic element of the intermediate medium container, a hexagonal prism medium resonant cavity is formed, and two orthogonal modes are excited at this time>And->Therefore, circular polarization is realized, and the liquid parasitic units around are coupled with the intermediate dielectric resonator, so that the circular polarization axial ratio bandwidth is effectively widened.
As shown in table 1, the parameters after structural optimization. Wherein lambda is 0 To design the operating wavelength for the center frequency. In this embodiment, the center frequency of the design is 1.84GHz, lambda 0 Equal to about 163mm.
TABLE 1
Wherein W represents the side length of the dielectric plate, h represents the thickness of the dielectric plate, a 1 、b 1 、d 1 Respectively representing the length, width and height of the intermediate medium container, a 2 、b 2 、d 2 Respectively representing the length, width and height of the parasitic medium container, t representing the thickness of the medium container, ox and oy representing the offset of the parasitic unit to the x axis and the y axis, ls and ws representing the length and the width of the vertical metal branch M3, s representing the length of the right-angle side of the Q1 and Q2 regions, l 1 、l 2 The lengths of the two microstrip branches M1 and M2 are shown, respectively.
As shown in FIG. 5, the present invention is operated in the left-hand circular polarization state 11 Simulation graph and gain graph, and reflection coefficient S can be known from graph 11 The operating frequency band is 1.52 GHz-2.16 GHz under the requirement of being lower than-10 dB, and the relative bandwidth is 34.8%. From the gain curve, it can be seen that there is a stable gain of 6dBi within the passband. As can be seen by comparing the two gain curves, addTwo radiation zero points (the frequencies of the radiation zero points are 1.25GHz and 2.5GHz respectively) are introduced at two sides of the passband after the microstrip branches, so that a bandpass filter antenna is realized.
As shown in fig. 6, an AR axis ratio graph of the present invention is shown for loading different parasitic elements when operating in a circularly polarized state. As can be seen from the figure, when liquid is injected into the medium containers C1 and C2, the axial ratio bandwidth of the left-hand circular polarization is in the range of 1.63 HGHz-1.95 GHz; when no parasitic element is loaded, the axial ratio bandwidth is 15% (1.72 GHz-1.99 GHz); when liquid is injected into the medium containers C3 and C4, the axial ratio bandwidth ranges from 1.78HGHz to 2.14GHz. From this, it can be seen that by loading different parasitic elements, bandwidth frequency adjustability can be achieved;
as shown in fig. 7, the present invention is operated on a graph of radiation efficiency of circular polarization and a graph of axial ratio of four parasitic elements loaded simultaneously. Within the operating bandwidth, the antenna radiates over 85% and the antenna radiation efficiency at the null is less than 20%. As shown in the figure, when four parasitic elements are added simultaneously, the axial ratio bandwidth is widened from 15% (1.72 GHz-1.99 GHz) to 27.2% (1.64 GHz-2.14 GHz). Thus, the introduction of liquid parasitic elements significantly widens the axial ratio bandwidth.
As shown in FIG. 8, the present invention is operated in the linear polarization state 11 Simulation graph and gain graph, and reflection coefficient S can be known from graph 11 The operating frequency band is 1.52 GHz-1.9 GHz under the requirement of being lower than-10 dB, and the relative bandwidth is 22.2%. From the gain graph, the gain is stabilized at about 5dBi, and the effect of band-pass filtering is achieved.
As shown in fig. 9 and 10, are radiation patterns of the present invention in two polarization states. Radiation patterns of the linearly polarized E-plane and H-plane are given in fig. 9 (a) and (b), respectively, and fig. 10 is a main polarization and cross polarization pattern of circular polarization. It can be seen from the figure that the radiation patterns are stable in both states and that the cross polarization is less than-15 dB.
In summary, the antenna of the present invention implements a fully transparent polarized and frequency reconfigurable filter dielectric resonator antenna. The design fully plays the characteristics of transparency, reconfigurability, fluidity and the like of the liquid material, and the liquid material passes through different mediaThe liquid is injected into the mass container to realize polarization and bandwidth adjustment. When operating in circular polarization, |S 11 Impedance bandwidth of I lower than-10 dB is 34.8%, axial ratio bandwidth lower than 3dB is 27.2%, and radiation frequency of the antenna in the working frequency band is above 85%; the antenna also works in linear polarization and has good radiation characteristics. The design realizes a good band-pass filtering function without loading any external circuit, and has great development prospect in the field of wireless communication.
Claims (10)
1. A transparent polarization and bandwidth reconfigurable filtered liquid medium resonator antenna comprising:
a dielectric substrate;
a metal floor, which is positioned below the dielectric substrate;
an intermediate medium container located above the medium substrate;
the parasitic medium container is tightly attached to the periphery of the intermediate medium container;
the microstrip feeder is positioned above the dielectric substrate;
the vertical metal branch is positioned on the outer side wall of the medium container;
two first and second microstrip branches with different lengths are arranged below the medium container;
wherein:
the upper parts of the intermediate medium containers and the parasitic medium containers are provided with holes;
the vertical metal branch is vertically arranged with the microstrip feeder and is connected with the microstrip feeder;
the middle medium container is internally divided into three different cavity areas by two transparent medium plates; injecting liquid medium into the middle cavity area to form a hexagonal medium resonant cavity to excite two orthogonal modesAnd->Thereby realizing circular polarization; three cavity regionsThe domains are all injected with liquid medium to form a rectangular medium resonant cavity, and the fundamental mode of the excited medium resonator antenna DRA is +.>Thereby achieving linear polarization.
2. The filter liquid medium resonator antenna with the reconfigurable transparent polarization and bandwidth as claimed in claim 1, wherein the first microstrip branch and the second microstrip branch are arranged in parallel, one end of each of the first microstrip branch and the second microstrip branch is connected with the microstrip feeder and the lower end of the vertical metal branch, and a certain gap is reserved between the first microstrip branch and the second microstrip branch.
3. A transparent polarization and bandwidth reconfigurable filtered liquid dielectric resonator antenna of claim 1 wherein the circular polarization axial ratio bandwidth is adjusted and the axial ratio bandwidth is widened by injecting liquid into different parasitic dielectric containers.
4. A transparent polarization and bandwidth reconfigurable filter liquid dielectric resonator antenna of claim 2, wherein the first and second microstrip stubs and the vertical metal stubs form two crossed coupling structures that achieve two radiating nulls at the passband edge.
5. A transparent polarization and bandwidth reconfigurable filtered liquid dielectric resonator antenna according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the first and second microstrip stubs have lengths of 0.1λ respectively 0 And 0.21 lambda 0 ,λ 0 Is the operating wavelength of the center frequency.
6. A transparent polarization and bandwidth reconfigurable filtered liquid dielectric resonator antenna of claim 1, wherein the distance between adjacent two parasitic dielectric containers and the center line of the adjacent side of the intermediate dielectric container is adjustable.
7. A transparent polarizing sum according to claim 1The bandwidth-reconfigurable filtering liquid medium resonator antenna is characterized in that the materials of the intermediate medium container, the parasitic medium container and the transparent medium plate are PVC plastics, and the dielectric constant epsilon r The loss tangent tan δ=0.007 at 2.7.
8. A transparent polarization and bandwidth reconfigurable filtering liquid medium resonator antenna of claim 1, wherein said liquid medium is ethyl acetate, has a relative dielectric constant ∈ r The loss tangent tan δ=0.02 at 6.6.
9. A transparent polarization and bandwidth reconfigurable filtered liquid dielectric resonator antenna of claim 1, wherein said intermediate dielectric container has a length and width of 0.34 λ 0 A height of 0.3λ 0 Thickness of 0.012 lambda 0 。
10. A transparent polarization and bandwidth reconfigurable filtering liquid dielectric resonator antenna of claim 1, wherein the length of the parasitic dielectric container is 0.43 λ 0 With a width of 0.05λ 0 A height of 0.14λ 0 。
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