CN114325603A - Broadband multi-beam phased array front end - Google Patents
Broadband multi-beam phased array front end Download PDFInfo
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- CN114325603A CN114325603A CN202111556430.8A CN202111556430A CN114325603A CN 114325603 A CN114325603 A CN 114325603A CN 202111556430 A CN202111556430 A CN 202111556430A CN 114325603 A CN114325603 A CN 114325603A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a broadband multi-beam phased array front end, which covers an application frequency band of 2-12 GHz; the front end comprises 40 TR components, a beam synthesis and distribution network module, a self-checking calibration circuit and a wave control circuit. The TR component comprises a receiving channel and a transmitting channel. Wherein, each receiving channel is divided into 4 paths, supports 160 paths of signals to be controlled independently in amplitude and phase, and synthesizes 4 paths of independent beams through beam synthesis and distribution network. The transmission is divided into 40 transmission channels by the beam forming and distributing network. The self-checking calibration circuit is connected with the antenna transition layer and the beam forming and distributing network, and the self-checking and calibration functions of the whole front end are realized. And an FPGA is integrated in the wave control circuit, so that the functions of amplitude-phase control, switching, mode control and the like of the whole front end are realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of phased array front ends, and particularly relates to a broadband multi-beam phased array front end.
Background
Due to the advantage of flexible and controllable beams, in recent years, phased array technology is receiving more and more attention from researchers. The phased array technology is applied to radar, namely phased array radar, and the amplitude and the phase of each array element can be controlled to realize radar array scanning. Compared with the traditional mechanical scanning, the phased array radar has the advantages of high scanning speed, high reliability and the like. In addition to application in phased array radar, phased array technology may also be applied in communications, electronic countermeasure and opposition, and other electronic devices.
In a phased array system, the main function of the front end of the phased array is to amplify signals received from an antenna in a receiving mode and to control the amplitude and phase of each channel respectively; in the transmitting mode, amplitude and phase control is carried out on each channel signal, and the channel signal is radiated by an antenna after passing through a power amplifier circuit. The performance index of the front end of the phased array has a crucial influence on the whole phased array system. With the improvement of the application frequency, the working bandwidth, the application scene and the functions of the radar system, the electronic countermeasure system and the like, the traditional phased array front end only supporting narrow bands and single wave beams is difficult to meet the requirements of modern systems.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a broadband multi-beam phased array front end, which covers 2-12GHz by applying a frequency band, is characterized in that each receiving channel is divided into 4 paths during receiving, is respectively subjected to amplitude-phase control, is synthesized into 4 paths of independent beams through beam synthesis and distribution networks, and has multi-beam and multi-airspace reconnaissance functions; when transmitting, one path of signal is input, is distributed to a plurality of transmitting channels through beam forming and distribution network, and is radiated out through an antenna, so that the interference function is realized.
The technical solution for realizing the invention is as follows: a broadband multi-beam phased array front end comprises a beam synthesis and distribution network module, a self-checking calibration circuit, a wave control circuit and 40 TR components; the TR component and the beam forming and distributing network module are interconnected to realize signal receiving, transmitting, amplifying and power distributing, the wave control circuit is connected with the TR component to control the amplitude and the phase of signals, and the self-checking calibration circuit is connected with the beam forming and distributing network module to realize the self-checking and calibration functions.
Each TR module includes a receive channel, a transmit channel, and a single pole double throw switch through which the reception and transmission are switched.
The receiving channel comprises an amplitude limiter, a first-stage low-noise amplifier, an attenuator, a second-stage low-noise amplifier, a four-in-one power divider, 4 amplitude-phase control chips and 4 driving amplifiers which are sequentially arranged. The receiving signal from the antenna is switched to an amplitude limiter of a receiving channel through a single-pole double-throw switch, then is amplified through a first-stage low-noise amplifier and maintains small noise of the whole receiving link, then is divided into four paths of independent receiving signals through an attenuator and a second-stage low-noise amplifier, and then is divided into four paths of independent receiving signals through a four-in-one power divider, wherein each path of receiving signal sequentially passes through an amplitude-phase control chip to realize amplitude and phase adjustment, then is amplified through a driving amplifier, and finally 40 TR components form 160 paths of receiving signals.
The transmitting channel comprises a first-stage driving amplifier, a transmitting amplitude-phase control chip, a second-stage driving amplifier, a transmitting attenuator and a power amplifier which are sequentially arranged. After a transmitting signal enters a transmitting channel, the transmitting signal firstly passes through a first-stage driving amplifier and then enters a transmitting amplitude-phase control chip to realize the adjustment of amplitude and phase, then passes through a second-stage driving amplifier and a transmitting attenuator, then passes through a power amplifier and a single-pole double-throw switch, and finally radiates the transmitting signal out through an antenna.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the remarkable advantages that:
(1) the phased array front end has the characteristics of broadband, multi-beam and transceiving multiplexing, the 2-12GHz broadband is comprehensively covered on the application frequency band, the phased array front end can be combined into 4 paths of single beams when receiving, and the phased array front end has the multi-beam and multi-airspace reconnaissance function; when transmitting, single-path signals are distributed to a plurality of transmitting channels, and the interference function is realized.
(2) The integrated level is high, small, has adopted the chip design scheme of high integrated level in the design, and structural subassembly inside adopts two-sided design, will send and receive the two sides and design respectively at tow sides. And a design mode of a submodule is adopted in the module.
(3) The heat dissipation is good, on the device selection type, selects the power amplifier chip that efficiency is high as far as possible, on the assembly of circuit design and power amplifier, guarantees power amplifier bottom cooling surface and complete machine casing large tracts of land contact, makes the heat lead to on the heat dissipation frame of shell body fast.
(4) Efficient serial-parallel control forwarding. The interior of the control panel adopts a micro-processing unit, and the single-group serial wave control information is rapidly distributed to each channel amplitude-phase unit, so that rapid parallel phase distribution control is realized.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic perspective view of a wideband multi-beam phased array front end according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic perspective view of a TR transceiver channel of the front end of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without inventive step, are within the scope of the present invention.
It should be noted that all the directional indicators (such as upper, lower, left, right, front and rear … …) in the embodiment of the present invention are only used to explain the relative position relationship between the components, the movement situation, etc. in a specific posture (as shown in the drawings), and if the specific posture is changed, the directional indicator is changed accordingly.
In addition, the descriptions related to "first", "second", etc. in the present invention are only for descriptive purposes and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means at least two, e.g., two, three, etc., unless explicitly specifically defined otherwise.
In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, the terms "connected," "secured," and the like are to be construed broadly, e.g., "secured" may be fixedly connected, releasably connected, or integral; "connected" may be mechanically or electrically connected. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.
In addition, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention may be combined with each other, but it must be based on the realization of those skilled in the art, and when the technical solutions are contradictory or cannot be realized, such a combination of technical solutions should not be considered to exist, and is not within the scope of the claimed invention.
The following further introduces specific embodiments, technical difficulties and inventions of the present invention with reference to the design examples.
The broadband multi-beam phased array front end comprises a beam synthesis and distribution network module, a self-checking calibration circuit, a wave control circuit and 40 TR components. The TR component and the beam forming and distributing network module are interconnected to realize signal receiving, transmitting, amplifying and power distributing, the wave control circuit is connected with the TR component to control the amplitude and the phase of signals, and the self-checking calibration circuit is connected with the beam forming and distributing network module to realize the self-checking and calibration functions.
Each TR module includes a receive channel, a transmit channel, and a single pole double throw switch through which the reception and transmission are switched. The receiving channel comprises an amplitude limiter, a first-stage low-noise amplifier, an attenuator, a second-stage low-noise amplifier, a four-in-one power divider, 4 amplitude-phase control chips and 4 driving amplifiers which are sequentially arranged. The receiving signals from the antenna are switched to an amplitude limiter of a receiving channel through a single-pole double-throw switch, then are amplified through a first-stage low-noise amplifier and maintain small noise of the whole receiving link, then pass through an attenuator and a second-stage low-noise amplifier, and then are divided into four paths of independent receiving signals through a one-to-four power divider, wherein each path of receiving signals sequentially pass through an amplitude-phase control chip to realize amplitude and phase adjustment, and then are amplified through a driving amplifier. Finally, 40 TR components form 160 received signals.
The transmitting channel comprises a first-stage driving amplifier, a transmitting amplitude-phase control chip, a second-stage driving amplifier, a transmitting attenuator and a power amplifier which are sequentially arranged. After a transmitting signal enters a transmitting channel, the transmitting signal firstly passes through a first-stage driving amplifier and then enters a transmitting amplitude-phase control chip to realize the adjustment of amplitude and phase, then passes through a second-stage driving amplifier and a transmitting attenuator, then passes through a power amplifier and a single-pole double-throw switch, and finally radiates the transmitting signal out through an antenna. Because the power of a transmitting power amplifier in the front-end component is larger, heat dissipation measures need to be considered in the front-end chassis, and reasonable circuit module installation and signal wiring layout are realized according to system requirements.
The beam synthesis and distribution network module realizes power synthesis and distribution in a transceiving mode, and comprises a single-pole double-throw switch and a synthesis power distribution network, wherein the switch realizes the switching of the synthesis power distribution network and a self-checking calibration circuit. In a receiving mode, 160 paths of received signals from the TR component pass through a 16-combination 10-in-one network and a 4-combination 4-in-one network, and finally 4 paths of beams with independently adjustable amplitudes and phases are synthesized; in the transmit mode, an externally input excitation signal is passed through a 1-packet 4-component network and a 4-packet 10-component network to the TR element, ultimately being radiated through the antenna.
The self-checking calibration circuit comprises a single-pole double-throw switch and a one-to-four network. When the transmission self-checking calibration is carried out, signals are output to an antenna end through a transmission link, part of signals are coupled to a self-checking calibration circuit through a calibration coupling interface of a transition layer, and the signals are output through a beam forming and distributing network module for post-stage self-checking and calibration. When receiving self-checking calibration, the signal is transmitted to the self-checking calibration circuit through the beam forming and distributing network, then part of the signal is coupled to the receiving link through the calibration coupling interface of the transition layer, and then the self-checking or calibration is carried out on the specific channel according to the self-checking or calibration instruction.
The wave control circuit mainly comprises a wave control digital board, the input of the board integrates the functions of optical fiber transmission, reference clock, JTAG downloading and the like, and the output of the board controls the front end of the whole set of phased array through FPGA. The FPGA analyzes and controls a protocol, and utilizes a GPIO interface to realize the functions of amplitude-phase control, switch control, mode control and the like of the front end of the array.
The working frequency band of the proposed wideband multi-beam phased array front end covers 2-12GHz comprehensively, and the front end supports the functions of receiving and transmitting multiplexing, and comprises 40 receiving channels and 40 transmitting channels. Each receiving channel is divided into 4 paths to form a total 160 receiving links, and the receiving links support independent amplitude and phase control, can synthesize 4 paths of independent beams through a beam synthesis and distribution network, and have the functions of multi-beam and multi-airspace reconnaissance; the transmission is divided into 40 paths of transmission channels by the beam forming and distribution network, and the interference function can be realized by the antenna radiation.
Claims (6)
1. A wideband multi-beam phased array front end, comprising: the system comprises a beam forming and distributing network module, a self-checking calibration circuit, a wave control circuit and 40 TR components; the TR component and the beam forming and distributing network module are interconnected to realize signal receiving, transmitting, amplifying and power distributing, the wave control circuit is connected with the TR component to control the amplitude and the phase of signals, and the self-checking calibration circuit is connected with the beam forming and distributing network module to realize the self-checking and calibration functions.
2. The wideband multi-beam phased array front end of claim 1, wherein: each TR module includes a receive channel, a transmit channel, and a single pole double throw switch through which the reception and transmission are switched.
3. The wideband multi-beam phased array front end of claim 2, wherein: the receiving channel comprises an amplitude limiter, a first-stage low-noise amplifier, an attenuator, a second-stage low-noise amplifier, a one-to-four power divider, 4 amplitude-phase control chips and 4 driving amplifiers which are sequentially arranged;
the receiving signal from the antenna is switched to an amplitude limiter of a receiving channel through a single-pole double-throw switch, then is amplified through a first-stage low-noise amplifier and maintains small noise of the whole receiving link, then is divided into four paths of independent receiving signals through an attenuator and a second-stage low-noise amplifier, and then is divided into four paths of independent receiving signals through a four-in-one power divider, wherein each path of receiving signal sequentially passes through an amplitude-phase control chip to realize amplitude and phase adjustment, then is amplified through a driving amplifier, and finally 40 TR components form 160 paths of receiving signals.
4. The wideband multi-beam phased array front end of claim 2, wherein: the transmitting channel comprises a first-stage driving amplifier, a transmitting amplitude-phase control chip, a second-stage driving amplifier, a transmitting attenuator and a power amplifier which are sequentially arranged;
after a transmitting signal enters a transmitting channel, the transmitting signal firstly passes through a first-stage driving amplifier and then enters a transmitting amplitude-phase control chip to realize the adjustment of amplitude and phase, then passes through a second-stage driving amplifier and a transmitting attenuator, then passes through a power amplifier and a single-pole double-throw switch, and finally radiates the transmitting signal out through an antenna.
5. The wideband multi-beam phased array front end of claim 2, wherein: the beam synthesis and distribution network module realizes power synthesis and distribution in a receiving and transmitting mode, and comprises a single-pole double-throw switch and a synthesis power distribution network, wherein the switch realizes the switching of the synthesis power distribution network and a self-checking calibration circuit, and under a receiving mode, 160 paths of received signals from a TR component pass through a 16-combination 10-in-one network and a 4-combination 4-in-one network to finally synthesize 4 paths of beams with independently adjustable amplitudes; in the transmit mode, an externally input excitation signal is passed through a 1-packet 4-component network and a 4-packet 10-component network to the TR element, ultimately being radiated through the antenna.
6. The wideband multi-beam phased array front end of claim 2, wherein: the self-checking calibration circuit comprises a single-pole double-throw switch and a one-to-four network; when transmitting self-checking calibration, the signal is output to the antenna end through the transmitting link, part of the signal is coupled to the self-checking calibration circuit through the calibration coupling interface of the transition layer, and is output through the beam forming and distribution network module for post-stage self-checking and calibration; when receiving self-checking calibration, the signal is transmitted to the self-checking calibration circuit through the beam forming and distributing network, then part of the signal is coupled to the receiving link through the calibration coupling interface of the transition layer, and then the self-checking or calibration is carried out on the specific channel according to the self-checking or calibration instruction.
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| CN202111556430.8A CN114325603A (en) | 2021-12-17 | 2021-12-17 | Broadband multi-beam phased array front end |
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| CN202111556430.8A CN114325603A (en) | 2021-12-17 | 2021-12-17 | Broadband multi-beam phased array front end |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114759350A (en) * | 2022-06-14 | 2022-07-15 | 成都瑞迪威科技有限公司 | Phased array antenna beam amplitude phase control circuit and amplitude phase control method |
| CN115051722A (en) * | 2022-05-25 | 2022-09-13 | 中国船舶集团有限公司第七二三研究所 | Carrier-borne multi-beam system microwave array front-end receiving device |
| CN115940988A (en) * | 2022-11-17 | 2023-04-07 | 中国电子科技集团公司第二十九研究所 | Ultrathin broadband transceiving array calibration network and use method thereof |
-
2021
- 2021-12-17 CN CN202111556430.8A patent/CN114325603A/en active Pending
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115051722A (en) * | 2022-05-25 | 2022-09-13 | 中国船舶集团有限公司第七二三研究所 | Carrier-borne multi-beam system microwave array front-end receiving device |
| CN115051722B (en) * | 2022-05-25 | 2023-08-18 | 中国船舶集团有限公司第七二三研究所 | Carrier-borne multi-beam system microwave array front-end receiving device |
| CN114759350A (en) * | 2022-06-14 | 2022-07-15 | 成都瑞迪威科技有限公司 | Phased array antenna beam amplitude phase control circuit and amplitude phase control method |
| CN114759350B (en) * | 2022-06-14 | 2022-08-30 | 成都瑞迪威科技有限公司 | Phased array antenna beam amplitude phase control circuit and amplitude phase control method |
| CN115940988A (en) * | 2022-11-17 | 2023-04-07 | 中国电子科技集团公司第二十九研究所 | Ultrathin broadband transceiving array calibration network and use method thereof |
| CN115940988B (en) * | 2022-11-17 | 2024-03-26 | 中国电子科技集团公司第二十九研究所 | Ultra-thin broadband transceiver array calibration network and application method thereof |
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