CN110320500B - High-integration-level low-cost active phased array radar radio frequency front end - Google Patents
High-integration-level low-cost active phased array radar radio frequency front end Download PDFInfo
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- CN110320500B CN110320500B CN201910495247.8A CN201910495247A CN110320500B CN 110320500 B CN110320500 B CN 110320500B CN 201910495247 A CN201910495247 A CN 201910495247A CN 110320500 B CN110320500 B CN 110320500B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
- G01S7/02—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00
- G01S7/03—Details of HF subsystems specially adapted therefor, e.g. common to transmitter and receiver
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A90/00—Technologies having an indirect contribution to adaptation to climate change
- Y02A90/10—Information and communication technologies [ICT] supporting adaptation to climate change, e.g. for weather forecasting or climate simulation
Abstract
The invention discloses a high-integration-level low-cost active phased array radar radio frequency front end, which adopts a single microwave multilayer printed board as a carrier, and simultaneously integrates an array antenna, a receiving and transmitting assembly, a down converter, a correction network and a digital control module on the board, wherein the array antenna is used for receiving and transmitting radio frequency signals, the receiving and transmitting assembly is used for amplifying, shifting phase, attenuating the radio frequency signals and switching receiving and transmitting and correcting modes, the down converter is used for receiving echo signals in a down conversion mode, the correction network is used for correcting phase errors of all receiving and transmitting channels, and the digital control module is used for completing control of all stages of amplifiers, switches and phase shifters in a system. The integrated design scheme is adopted, the structure is simple, the volume and the weight of the active phased array radar radio frequency front end are effectively reduced, and the system cost is reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of phased array radars, in particular to a high-integration-level low-cost active phased array radar radio frequency front end.
Background
The phased array radar can scan by changing the beam direction in an electric control mode, and has the advantages of flexible beam direction, high data rate, large target capacity, strong anti-interference capability and the like compared with the traditional mechanical scanning radar. The phased array radar can be divided into a passive phased array radar and an active phased array radar, and compared with the passive phased array, each component of the active phased array can independently transmit and receive electromagnetic waves, so that the phased array radar has more excellent technical performance and better development prospect, and is an important trend of the future phased array radar technology development.
In a radio frequency front end system of a traditional active phased array radar, modules such as an antenna, a receiving and transmitting assembly and the like are self-integrated and separated in structure, and are electrically communicated through interconnection devices such as a cable wire, a connector and the like, so that the system is complicated in structure, the volume, the weight and the power consumption are difficult to control, and the cost of the radar system is also increased sharply along with the increase of the array scale.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a high-integration-level low-cost active phased array radar radio-frequency front end.
The technical solution for realizing the purpose of the invention is as follows: the high-integration-level low-cost active phased array radar radio frequency front end adopts a microwave multilayer printed circuit board as a carrier, an array antenna, a receiving and transmitting assembly, a down converter, a correction network and a digital control module are integrated on a single board at the same time, the array antenna is used for receiving and transmitting radio frequency signals, the receiving and transmitting assembly is used for amplifying, shifting phase, attenuating the radio frequency signals and switching receiving and transmitting and correcting modes, the down converter is used for receiving the down conversion of echo signals, the correction network is used for correcting phase errors of all receiving and transmitting channels, and the digital control module is used for completing the control of all stages of amplifiers, switches and phase shifters in a system; the receiving and transmitting assembly comprises a plurality of receiving and transmitting channels, a power divider and a public branch, 4 electronic switches of the public branch form a serial-parallel structure, and the radio frequency front end can be switched to work in a transmitting mode, a receiving mode, a transmitting correction mode and a receiving correction mode by controlling the states of the switches.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the integrated active phased array radio frequency front end is realized by adopting an integrated active phased array radio frequency front end, taking a single printed circuit board as a carrier plate, integrating an antenna, a feed network, a power distribution network and a digital control network on the printed circuit board, integrating large signal emission, small signal receiving, digital phase shifting and power management functions into a whole, omitting a large number of connectors, radio frequency cables and mechanical supporting structures, having simple structure, greatly reducing the processing complexity, reducing the volume and weight of the phased array radar radio frequency front end and reducing the system cost.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the rf front end structure of the high-integration and low-cost active phased array radar of the present invention.
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 1, a high-integration-level low-cost active phased array radar radio frequency front end adopts a microwave multilayer printed circuit board as a carrier, an array antenna, a transceiver component, a down converter, a correction network and a digital control module are integrated on a single board at the same time, the array antenna is used for receiving and transmitting radio frequency signals, the transceiver component is used for amplifying, shifting phase, attenuating the radio frequency signals and switching the transceiver and correction modes, the down converter is used for receiving echo signals in a down conversion mode, the correction network is used for correcting phase errors of all transceiver channels, and the digital control module is used for completing control of all stages of amplifiers, switches and phase shifters in a system;
the receiving and transmitting assembly comprises a plurality of receiving and transmitting channels, a power divider and a public branch, 4 electronic switches of the public branch form a serial-parallel structure, and the radio frequency front end can be switched to work in a transmitting mode, a receiving mode, a transmitting correction mode and a receiving correction mode by controlling the states of the switches.
The array antenna is composed of a printed antenna and an antenna reflecting plate.
Each receiving and transmitting channel comprises a transmitting branch, a receiving branch, two electronic switches and a digital phase shifter, wherein the transmitting branch comprises an amplifier, a matched attenuation amplifier and a middle power amplifier which are connected in sequence; the receiving branch is sequentially connected with a first-stage low-noise amplifier, a matched attenuation, a switch and a second-stage low-noise amplifier from the input end to the output end, and the digital phase shifter shifts the phase of the radio frequency receiving signal by adopting a 6bit digital phase shifter HMC649PL 64E.
The power divider adopts a Wilkinson microstrip line power divider.
The down converter comprises an image frequency rejection mixer, a bridge, an automatic gain controller, an attenuator, a two-stage amplifier and a band-pass filter, wherein the image frequency rejection mixer, the bridge, the first-stage band-pass filter, the first-stage amplifier, the automatic gain controller, the attenuator, the second-stage amplifier and the second-stage band-pass filter are sequentially connected from an input end to an output end.
The correction network comprises couplers and power splitters, wherein the couplers are arranged near the feeder lines of all the antennas, one side port of each power splitter is connected with each coupler, and one side port of each power splitter is connected with a public branch.
The digital control module adopts AN FPGA chip XC3S50AN.
The invention adopts an integrated design scheme, has simple structure and lighter weight, remarkably reduces the volume and weight of the radio frequency front end of the phased array radar, and provides an effective way for the low cost and light miniaturization of the phased array radar.
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to examples.
Examples
The embodiment provides a high-integration-level low-cost active phased array radar radio frequency front end which is realized by adopting a single printed circuit board. Referring to fig. 1, the whole radio frequency front end comprises an antenna array 1, a transceiver assembly 2, a down converter 3, a correction network 4 and a digital control module 5. The whole board card integrates the functions of large signal transmission, small signal reception, digital phase shift and power management.
The antenna array 1 is composed of printed antennas, and an aluminum antenna reflecting plate is mounted at the rear end of the array to reflect and collect antenna signals and block and shield electromagnetic waves in the opposite direction.
The transceiver component 2 is composed of multiple transceiver channels, a power divider and one common branch. Each receiving and transmitting channel comprises a transmitting branch, a receiving branch, two electronic switches and a digital phase shifter. The transmitting branch comprises an amplifier, a matched attenuation amplifier and a medium power amplifier which are connected in sequence; the input end to the output end of the receiving branch is sequentially connected with a first-stage low-noise amplifier, a matching attenuation, a switch and a second-stage low-noise amplifier; the digital phase shifter adopts a 6bit digital phase shifter HMC649PL64E to shift the phase of the radio frequency receiving and transmitting signal, and realizes the beam synthesis function of the phased array antenna.
Because the difference loss of the digital phase shifter is larger in the receiving and transmitting channels, in order to ensure the noise coefficient of the receiving channel, a two-stage low-noise amplifier is designed in each transmitting branch, and the gain of the amplifier is improved, so that the noise coefficient of the receiving channel is effectively reduced. In addition, to ensure transmit power, a Hittite medium power amplifier HMC407MS8G, which has a good power conversion ratio, is used in the transmit branch.
The power divider in the transceiver component 2 adopts Wilkinson equal-division two power dividers to realize equal-power distribution of one division N paths through multistage cascade connection, and the network performs unified planning on port positions and transmission paths by combining device layout and signal wiring of the whole radio frequency front end during design, so that phase consistency among all channels is ensured.
The public branch in the receiving and transmitting assembly 2 is formed by connecting four electronic switches HMC536MS8GE, and is interconnected by adopting a serial-parallel structure. The serial structure is responsible for the selection of signal paths, and the parallel structure is mainly used for improving the isolation between receiving, transmitting and correcting channels. The radio frequency front end can be switched to work in a transmitting mode, a receiving mode, a transmitting correction mode and a receiving correction mode by controlling the states of the switches.
The specific mode of the public branch circuit for mode switching is as follows:
the paths from the switch W4 to the switch W3 are gated, the rest paths are closed, and an excitation signal is input into the transmitting branch by the switch W4 and the switch W3, and the front end works in the transmitting mode. The paths of the switches W3 to W2 are gated, the rest paths are closed, and echo signals received by the receiving branch are input into the down converter 3 through the switch W3 and the switch W2, and the front end works in a receiving mode at the moment. The paths from the switch W4 to the switch W3 and the paths from the switches W1 to W2 are gated, the rest paths are closed, the excitation signal is input into the transmitting branch by the switch W4 and the switch W3, and is input into the down converter 3 by the correction network through the switch W1 and the switch W2, and the front end works in the transmitting correction mode. The paths of the switches W4 to W1 and the paths of the switches W3 to W2 are gated, the remaining paths are closed, and after the excitation signal is input to the correction network by the switches W4 and W1, the excitation signal is input to the down converter 3 by the receiving branch through the switches W3 and W2, and the front end operates in the receiving correction mode.
The input end to the output end of the down converter 3 is sequentially connected with an image rejection mixer, an electric bridge, a first-stage band-pass filter, a first-stage amplifier, an automatic gain controller, fixed attenuation, a second-stage amplifier and a second-stage band-pass filter.
The correction network 4 comprises a coupler and a power divider. The couplers are arranged near the feeder lines of the antennas, one side port of the power divider is connected with the couplers, one side port of the power divider is connected with the public branch, and all the paths are designed to be equal in length so as to ensure the phase consistency among all the paths.
The correction network 4 operates on the following principle:
in the reception correction, the paths of the excitation signal to the correction network 4 and the paths of the reception branch to the down converter 3 are simultaneously gated in the common branch. The excitation signal is input into the correction network 4, power is split to the couplers, and part of the energy is coupled to the antenna feed lines by the couplers. Meanwhile, a first path of receiving channels in the transceiver component are opened, other receiving channels are closed, and excitation signals coupled to the antenna feed line are received and collected. And opening the rest receiving channels in sequence, and repeating the steps. And calculating the phase difference between the signals received by each receiving channel and the first path of receiving channel to obtain the correction coefficient of each receiving channel.
In the case of transmission correction, the paths of the excitation signal to the transmission branch and the paths of the correction network 4 to the down converter 3 are simultaneously gated in the common branch. And opening a first path of emission channel, and inputting an excitation signal into the emission channel. Meanwhile, the excitation signal is coupled with partial energy to the coupler through the antenna feeder line, and is received and collected by the system after being input into the public branch through the power divider. And opening the rest emission channels in turn, and repeating the steps. And calculating the phase difference between the signals of each path of transmitting channel and the signals of the first path of transmitting channel to obtain the correction coefficient of each transmitting channel.
The digital control module 5 comprises AN FPGA chip XC3S50AN, and realizes the control of all stages of amplifiers, electronic switches and digital phase shifters in the circuit.
Claims (4)
1. The high-integration-level low-cost active phased array radar radio-frequency front end is characterized in that a microwave multilayer printed circuit board is adopted as a carrier, and an array antenna, a transceiver component, a down converter, a correction network and a digital control module are integrated on a single board at the same time; the array antenna is used for receiving and transmitting radio frequency signals, the receiving and transmitting assembly is used for receiving and transmitting amplification, phase shifting and attenuation of the radio frequency signals and switching of receiving and transmitting and correcting modes, the down converter is used for receiving echo signals in a down conversion mode, the correcting network is used for correcting phase errors of all receiving and transmitting channels, and the digital control module is used for completing control of all stages of amplifiers, switches and phase shifters in the system; the receiving and transmitting assembly comprises a plurality of receiving and transmitting channels, a power divider and a public branch, 4 electronic switches of the public branch form a serial-parallel structure, and the state of each switch is controlled to switch the radio frequency front end to work in a transmitting mode, a receiving mode, a transmitting correction mode and a receiving correction mode; each receiving and transmitting channel comprises a transmitting branch, a receiving branch, two electronic switches and a digital phase shifter, wherein the transmitting branch comprises an amplifier, a matched attenuation amplifier and a middle power amplifier which are connected in sequence; the receiving branch is sequentially connected with a first-stage low-noise amplifier, a matching attenuation, a switch and a second-stage low-noise amplifier from the input end to the output end, and the digital phase shifter shifts the phase of the radio frequency receiving signal by adopting a 6bit digital phase shifter HMC649PL 64E; the down converter comprises an image frequency rejection mixer, a bridge, an automatic gain controller, an attenuator, a two-stage amplifier and a band-pass filter, wherein the image frequency rejection mixer, the bridge, the first-stage band-pass filter, the first-stage amplifier, the automatic gain controller, the attenuator, the second-stage amplifier and the second-stage band-pass filter are sequentially connected from an input end to an output end; the correction network comprises couplers and power splitters, wherein the couplers are arranged near the feeder lines of all the antennas, one side port of each power splitter is connected with each coupler, and one side port of each power splitter is connected with a public branch.
2. The high-integration, low-cost active phased array radar radio frequency front end of claim 1, wherein the array antenna is comprised of a printed antenna and an antenna reflector.
3. The high-integration, low-cost active phased array radar radio frequency front end of claim 1, wherein the power divider employs a Wilkinson microstrip power divider.
4. The high-integration, low-cost active phased array radar radio frequency front end of claim 1, wherein the digital control module employs AN FPGA chip XC3S50AN.
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| CN110927674A (en) * | 2019-11-15 | 2020-03-27 | 张明 | Millimeter wave radar chip with two-dimensional scanning function |
| CN110927675A (en) * | 2019-11-15 | 2020-03-27 | 张明 | Energy-cascade millimeter wave radar chip |
| CN110911834B (en) * | 2019-12-02 | 2021-01-01 | 成都瑞迪威科技有限公司 | Phased array antenna capable of realizing left-right rotation circular polarization switching |
| CN110988809B (en) * | 2019-12-18 | 2022-07-05 | 中国电子科技集团公司第二十研究所 | Phased array front end based on nonlinear active antenna |
| CN111245469B (en) * | 2020-01-17 | 2022-01-11 | Oppo广东移动通信有限公司 | Radio frequency circuit and electronic device |
| CN111614372A (en) * | 2020-06-15 | 2020-09-01 | 中国电子科技集团公司第五十四研究所 | Ku frequency band phased array antenna transceiving component for satellite communication |
| WO2022067609A1 (en) * | 2020-09-30 | 2022-04-07 | 华为技术有限公司 | Multi-band phased array and electronic device |
| CN112485780A (en) * | 2020-11-05 | 2021-03-12 | 上海大学 | Radar-measuring material three-dimensional material level sensor system with phased array antenna |
| CN113300107B (en) * | 2021-01-27 | 2022-06-07 | 中国电子科技集团公司第三十八研究所 | Active antenna, standard value acquisition method and correction method |
| CN113015199B (en) * | 2021-02-24 | 2024-03-22 | 上海豪锦通信科技有限公司 | Phase matrix correction method and device |
| CN113938146B (en) * | 2021-08-25 | 2023-03-28 | 北京遥测技术研究所 | High integrated ultra-low noise tile formula receiving component of Ka frequency channel |
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| CN103441338B (en) * | 2013-09-09 | 2015-10-28 | 东南大学 | The phased active integrated antenna of a kind of remote controlled two dimensional surface |
| CN107146956B (en) * | 2016-03-01 | 2019-08-30 | 南宁富桂精密工业有限公司 | Antenna element and MIMO antenna system using codebook |
| CN205594153U (en) * | 2016-05-11 | 2016-09-21 | 中国电子科技集团公司第三十八研究所 | Active phased array radar receives and dispatches subassembly |
| CN105866747A (en) * | 2016-05-11 | 2016-08-17 | 中国电子科技集团公司第三十八研究所 | Active phased array radar transmit-receive component and manufacturing method thereof |
| CN106953658B (en) * | 2017-01-20 | 2019-05-07 | 西南电子技术研究所（中国电子科技集团公司第十研究所） | High integration active phased array transmitting-receiving subassembly |
| CN108051791A (en) * | 2017-12-14 | 2018-05-18 | 中国电子科技集团公司第三十八研究所 | A kind of phased-array radar universal calibration device |
| CN109444823B (en) * | 2018-10-17 | 2023-08-29 | 成都瑞迪威科技有限公司 | Highly integrated active sum and difference network for phased array |
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