CN114324846A - Method and system for non-invasively testing service life of red blood cells - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method and a system for non-invasively testing the service life of red blood cells, wherein the method comprises the following steps: collecting the breath of a subject and testing to obtain the concentration of endogenous carbon monoxide; non-invasively testing the subject for hemoglobin concentration; using the endogenous carbon monoxide concentration and the hemoglobin concentration based on a calculation formula
The method and the system for non-invasively testing the red blood cell life have the following beneficial effects: the testing method of the invention firstly tests the hemoglobin concentration and the endogenous carbon monoxide concentration of the testee in a non-invasive way, and then obtains the service life of the red blood cells of the testee by calculation, thereby not only carrying out steady-state measurement, but also carrying out dynamic monitoring, and achieving the complete non-invasive measurement of the service life of the red blood cells in a real sense.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of biomedical measurement, in particular to a method and a system for non-invasively testing the service life of red blood cells.
Background
The lifespan of erythrocytes refers to the survival time of erythrocytes in circulating blood, or the duration of erythrocytes from the beginning of bone marrow release to the blood circulation until the final destruction. Early methods for testing the lifespan of erythrocytes include agglutination methods and nuclide labeling and tracing techniques. The popularization of biotin labeling and flow cytometry detection techniques at the end of the twentieth century has brought a more advanced approach to red blood cell life measurement. The long time consumption is a serious defect of the above marker measuring methods, which makes the test only suitable for the steady state period that the generation and destruction speed of the red blood cells of the organism are basically equal, and is not suitable for the dynamic change. In addition, too long a time also makes it difficult to routinely use the test in the clinic and the basic study is inconvenient.
By utilizing the strong recognition and counting capacity of the flow cytometry detection technology, researchers have recently proposed a rapid red blood cell life measuring and calculating method based on the reticulocyte counting. The basic idea is that mature red blood cells are transformed from reticulocytes, which at steady state are apparently equal to the death of senescent red blood cells, so that the ratio of the time of maturation of reticulocytes divided by the number of reticulocytes in the blood is the red blood cell life. This is by far the fastest red blood cell life assay. The problem is that the algorithm does not set the maturation time of the reticulocytes to a constant value, since there is no evidence that the maturation time of reticulocytes is the same for different individuals and different states. Another problem is that the algorithm does not take into account that fluctuations in reticulocyte number caused by blood loss do not imply that the lifespan of the red blood cells has changed. It can be seen that the reticulocyte count can only be used at best as a rough estimate of the lifetime of the red blood cells at steady state.
Therefore, the existing methods for testing the service lives of various mature red blood cells have various defects, some have long testing period and insufficient testing accuracy, and some have wounds on human bodies.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention provides a method and a system for non-invasively testing the lifespan of red blood cells, which address the above-mentioned drawbacks of the prior art.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows:
a method of constructing a non-invasive test for red blood cell longevity, the method comprising:
collecting the expired air of a subject and testing the expired air of the subject to obtain the endogenous carbon monoxide concentration;
non-invasively testing the subject for hemoglobin concentration;
using the endogenous carbon monoxide concentration and hemoglobin concentration, calculating the red blood cell life of the subject based on the following calculation:
wherein, RBCspanRepresents the lifetime of the red blood cell, K is a constant, [ Hb]Represents the hemoglobin concentration and endoPco represents the endogenous carbon monoxide concentration.
Further, the acquiring the exhalation of the subject comprises:
(ii) prior to collecting the breath, pre-collecting the breath and analyzing the subject for a first threshold and a second threshold of carbon dioxide concentration of the breath;
the method comprises the steps of starting expiration collection by using a cache device, testing the concentration of carbon dioxide in expiration in real time, and controlling the switch of a gas collection electromagnetic valve according to a first threshold, a second threshold/preset duration and the concentration of the carbon dioxide tested in real time to collect expiration;
and stopping collecting the expired air when the buffer device is full of expired air.
Further, the controlling the switch of the gas collection solenoid valve according to the first threshold, the second threshold/the preset time and the carbon dioxide concentration tested in real time to collect the expired air includes: and when the carbon dioxide concentration value is lower than a second threshold value or the opening time of the gas collection electromagnetic valve reaches a preset time, closing the gas collection electromagnetic valve to stop the expiration from entering the buffer device and directly discharging the expiration to the environment.
Further, the breath of the test subject comprises:
carrying out primary vacuum-pumping treatment on the measurement air chamber to enable the pressure in the measurement air chamber to reach a set pressure threshold value before sample introduction; or, cleaning the measurement air chamber once or more, and performing vacuum pumping treatment once before and after each cleaning, so that the pressure in the measurement air chamber reaches a set pressure threshold value before sample injection, wherein the pressure threshold value before sample injection is smaller than atmospheric pressure;
and opening the air inlet electromagnetic valve to enable the expired air in the cache device to enter the measurement air chamber due to the negative pressure of the measurement air chamber, and closing the air inlet electromagnetic valve until the pressure of the measurement air chamber is equal to the atmospheric pressure.
Further, the vacuum-pumping process includes: closing an air inlet electromagnetic valve, opening an air outlet electromagnetic valve, starting an air pressure control unit communicated with an air passage of the measurement air chamber to start air extraction, and closing the air outlet electromagnetic valve and the air pressure control unit when the pressure of the measurement air chamber reaches a pressure threshold value before sample injection;
the cleaning comprises the following steps: and opening an air inlet electromagnetic valve, closing an air outlet electromagnetic valve, enabling the expired air of the cache device to enter the measuring air chamber due to the negative pressure of the measuring air chamber, and closing the air inlet electromagnetic valve when the pressure of the measuring air chamber reaches the pressure threshold value after cleaning.
In another aspect, the invention constructs a system for non-invasively testing red blood cell life for performing the method, the system comprising a central processing and control system, a carbon monoxide concentration testing system for collecting the breath of a subject and testing the breath of the subject for endogenous carbon monoxide concentration, a hemoglobin concentration testing system for non-invasively testing the hemoglobin concentration of the subject, a display module, and a human-computer interaction module;
the central processing and control system is respectively connected with the carbon monoxide concentration testing system, the hemoglobin concentration testing system, the display module and the human-computer interaction module, and is used for calculating the service life of the red blood cells of the testee by utilizing the endogenous carbon monoxide concentration and the hemoglobin concentration and sending the service life to the display module for displaying.
Further, the carbon monoxide concentration test module comprises: a measuring air chamber, a main control unit, an air inlet which is provided with an air inlet electromagnetic valve and is communicated with the measuring air chamber, an air pump which is arranged between the air inlet and the front end of the air production and is used for pumping the breath, a buffer memory device which is arranged between the air pump and the air inlet and is used for buffering the collected breath, and a carbon dioxide sensor which is arranged between the air pump and the buffer memory device and is used for measuring the concentration of carbon dioxide, the gas collection device comprises a gas collection electromagnetic valve arranged at a gas collection port of the cache device, a gas outlet which is provided with a gas outlet electromagnetic valve and is communicated with a measurement gas chamber, a gas pressure control unit which is communicated with the measurement gas chamber through a gas path, a light source which is communicated with the measurement gas chamber through a light path, a photoelectric detector which is communicated with the measurement gas chamber through the light path and is electrically connected with a main control unit, and a pressure sensor which is communicated with the measurement gas chamber through the gas path and is used for measuring the pressure in the measurement gas chamber.
Furthermore, the gas collection electromagnetic valves are all three-way electromagnetic valves, when the gas collection electromagnetic valves are opened, the gas collection electromagnetic valves are communicated with the gas production front end and the buffer device, and when the gas inlet electromagnetic valves are closed, the gas production front end and the external environment are communicated.
The method and the system for non-invasively testing the service life of the red blood cells have the following beneficial effects: the testing method of the invention firstly tests the hemoglobin concentration and the endogenous carbon monoxide concentration of the testee in a non-invasive way, and then obtains the service life of the red blood cells of the testee by calculation, thereby not only carrying out steady-state measurement, but also carrying out dynamic monitoring, and achieving the non-invasive measurement of the service life of the red blood cells in a real sense.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the provided drawings without creative efforts:
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method of non-invasively testing red blood cell life according to the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the system for non-invasively testing red blood cell life according to the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a carbon monoxide concentration test system.
Detailed Description
To facilitate an understanding of the invention, the invention will now be described more fully with reference to the accompanying drawings. Exemplary embodiments of the invention are shown in the drawings. This invention may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete.
It will be understood that when an element is referred to as being "secured to" another element, it can be directly on the other element or intervening elements may also be present. When an element is referred to as being "connected" to another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or intervening elements may also be present.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. The terminology used in the description of the invention herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention.
The terms including ordinal numbers such as "first", "second", and the like used in the present specification may be used to describe various components, but the components are not limited by the terms. These terms are used only for the purpose of distinguishing one constituent element from other constituent elements. For example, a first component may be named a second component, and similarly, a second component may also be named a first component, without departing from the scope of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1, the general idea of the present invention is to construct a method and a system for non-invasively measuring the lifespan of red blood cells, the system being used for implementing the method, the method comprising:
s101, collecting the expired air of a subject and testing the expired air of the subject to obtain the concentration of endogenous carbon monoxide;
s102, non-invasively testing the hemoglobin concentration of a subject;
s103, calculating the erythrocyte life span of the subject based on the following calculation formula by using the endogenous carbon monoxide concentration and the hemoglobin concentration:
wherein, RBCspanRepresents the lifetime of the red blood cell, K is a constant, [ Hb]Represents the hemoglobin concentration and endoPco represents the endogenous carbon monoxide concentration.
Exhaled carbon monoxide (CO) has three sources: heme degradation, non-heme metabolic production, and exogenous inhalation. 86% of endogenous CO is from heme degradation, and non-heme metabolism produces no more than 14% CO. And 85% of the heme that produces CO comes from erythrocyte degradation and 15% comes from non-erythrocyte heme. Overall about 70% of the endogenous CO results from erythrocyte degradation. Therefore, on the premise of eliminating exogenous interference, the destruction speed of the red blood cells can be calculated according to the lung CO excretion rate. Whether steady-state or dynamic, the total body hemoglobin divided by the daily rate of hemoglobin breakdown is clearly the average life expectancy of the red blood cells over the measurement period. Since 4 peptide chains of hemoglobin each contain 1 heme subunit and 1mmol of CO can be produced per 1mmol of heme degradation, the equation converts the total amount of CO expressed as a hemoglobin source divided by the daily CO lung excretion, and is expressed as follows:
wherein, RBCspanIndicates the lifetime of the red blood cell, [ Hb]Represents the hemoglobin concentration (g/L), endoPco represents the endogenous carbon monoxide concentration (ppm), 22400 represents the standard state gas molar volume (ml), 4 represents 4mmol CO released from 1mmol hemoglobin, 0.7 represents the approximate proportion of endogenous CO from hemoglobin turnover, 64400 represents the hemoglobin molecular weight, 1440 represents minutes (min) for 1 day, and Vb and Vt represent blood volume (ml) and resting alveolar ventilation (ml min-1), respectively. Blood volume (Vb) and resting alveolar ventilation (Vt) magnitude and volumeThe surface areas are related and are numerically equal if expressed in ml and ml/min, respectively, and can be approximated in a formula without actual measurement. Thus, the formula is simplified to:
in the formula, 1380 units are ml. d.g-1, i.e., K in formula (1) is calculated. Although the above formula is established on condition of steady state, it can be seen from the final simplified formula (2) that the same applies in the dynamic case. As long as the hemoglobin concentration and the endogenous CO concentration are measured, the erythrocyte life value at the measured moment can be calculated according to the formula.
Based on the method and the system, the invention can carry out steady state measurement and dynamic monitoring, thereby achieving the noninvasive measurement of the service life of the red blood cells in a real sense.
In order to better understand the technical solutions, the technical solutions will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings and the specific embodiments of the specification, and it should be understood that the embodiments and specific features of the embodiments of the present invention are detailed descriptions of the technical solutions of the present application, and are not limited to the technical solutions of the present application, and the technical features of the embodiments and examples of the present invention may be combined with each other without conflict.
Example one
Referring to fig. 1, the method for non-invasively testing the lifespan of red blood cells according to the embodiment of the present invention can be implemented based on the system of fig. 2, and details about the system are shown in the second embodiment. The method of the embodiment comprises the following steps:
s101, collecting the expired air of a subject and testing the expired air of the subject to obtain the concentration of endogenous carbon monoxide;
s102, non-invasively testing the hemoglobin concentration of a subject;
s103, calculating the erythrocyte life span of the subject based on the following calculation formula by using the endogenous carbon monoxide concentration and the hemoglobin concentration:
wherein, RBCspanRepresents the lifetime of the red blood cell, K is a constant, [ Hb]Represents the hemoglobin concentration and endoPco represents the endogenous carbon monoxide concentration.
It should be noted that, steps S101 and S102 do not have a requirement on the execution order, and may be executed first in S101, first in S102, or simultaneously. The step S102 of non-invasively testing the hemoglobin concentration of the subject is implemented by using the existing testing method. In step S101, regarding the test of the carbon monoxide concentration, theoretically, an existing test method may also be adopted, and this embodiment provides a new test method, which can realize the automatic collection of exhaled air, so that the test result is more accurate, and is suitable for the situation of a small exhaled air amount.
Step S101 in this embodiment specifically includes:
s1011, pre-collecting gas for the subject and analyzing to obtain a carbon dioxide threshold before collecting the expiration;
it should be noted that the gas collection solenoid valve 12 of the present embodiment is a three-way solenoid valve, and includes one inlet and two outlets. The inlet is communicated with the gas path of the gas production front end 2, and one outlet is communicated with the external environment, so an external environment channel is formed between the inlet and the outlet; the other outlet is in communication with the buffer means 11 and forms an expiratory collecting channel with the inlet. At ordinary times, the gas collection solenoid valve 12 is closed, that is, the external environment channel is in a normally open state, and the exhalation collection channel is in a normally closed state.
There are two main implementations of step S1011:
1) in one embodiment, the carbon dioxide threshold may be only the first threshold, and analyzing the carbon dioxide threshold includes the following steps:
a. the gas production front end 2 admits gas, sequentially samples N carbon dioxide concentration values after waiting for a period of time and sequentially stores the N carbon dioxide concentration values into a first array CO2_ CON [ ] according to the sampling sequence;
after the gas is fed, the sampling is carried out after waiting for a period of time, and the sampling is mainly carried out in order to ensure the accuracy of the sampling and reduce the influence of the gas remained in the pipeline before the sampling as much as possible.
b. Judging the wave peak value and the wave trough value in the first array CO2_ CON [ ], temporarily storing the wave peak value and the wave trough value according to the time sequence, sorting the wave peak value and the wave trough value according to rules and storing the wave peak value and the wave trough value into the second array, and sorting the wave trough value according to rules and storing the wave trough value into the third array;
c. averaging all values or partial values of the second array to obtain an average wave peak value, averaging all values or partial values of the third array to obtain an average wave valley value, and subtracting the average wave valley value from the average wave peak value to obtain an average peak-valley difference value;
d. the first threshold is calculated as follows: the method includes the steps that CO2Threshold + aveValley Res + eta finalAvePV, wherein the CO2Threshold represents a first Threshold, finalAvePV represents an average peak-to-valley difference value, aveValley Res represents an average valley value, eta is a first Threshold coefficient, and eta ranges from 0 to 1.
2) In another embodiment, the carbon dioxide threshold may include a first threshold and a second threshold, and the carbon dioxide threshold obtained by analyzing may further be calculated according to the following calculation formula in addition to the first threshold calculated according to the section 1) above: CO2cutOff ═ aveseekres + f finalevepv; wherein, CO2cutOff represents a second threshold, avepeakRes represents an average wave peak value, f is a second threshold coefficient, and f ranges from 0 to 1.
S1012, beginning to collect the expired air, testing the concentration of carbon dioxide in the expired air in real time, and controlling the switch of a gas collection electromagnetic valve 12 for collecting the expired air according to a first threshold, a second threshold/preset time and the concentration of the carbon dioxide tested in real time to enable the expired air meeting the requirement of the carbon dioxide threshold to enter a buffer device 11;
by collecting the expired air, it is meant that the gas is passed through the buffer means 11. Specifically, opening the bleed solenoid valve 12 means that the bleed air is beginning to be collected. However, in this embodiment, the gas collection solenoid valve 12 is not kept open all the time, but is repeatedly opened and closed, and only the expired gas meeting the carbon dioxide threshold requirement enters, and there are two specific control strategies:
1) corresponding to the above mentioned case where the carbon dioxide threshold only comprises the first threshold, the specific control strategy is: when the concentration of the carbon dioxide reaches the first threshold value, controlling an external environment channel of the gas collection electromagnetic valve 12 to be closed and an expired air collection channel to be opened so that expired air is collected into the measurement air chamber 1; after the external environment channel is closed and the expired air collection channel is opened for a preset time, the external environment channel of the air collection electromagnetic valve 12 is controlled to be opened and the expired air collection channel is controlled to be closed, so that expired air is discharged into the external environment.
2) Corresponding to the above mentioned case where the carbon dioxide threshold includes a first threshold and a second threshold, the specific control strategy is: when the concentration of the carbon dioxide reaches the first threshold value, controlling an external environment channel of the gas collection electromagnetic valve 12 to be closed and an expired air collection channel to be opened so that expired air is collected into the measurement air chamber 1; when the carbon dioxide concentration reaches the second threshold value, the external environment channel of the gas collection electromagnetic valve 12 is controlled to be opened and the expired air collection channel is controlled to be closed, so that expired air is discharged into the external environment.
And S1013, when the buffer device 11 is full of expired air, the expired air is collected in the current round, and the air collection electromagnetic valve 12 is closed.
S1014, carrying out primary vacuum-pumping treatment on the measurement air chamber to enable the pressure in the measurement air chamber to reach a set pressure threshold value before sample injection; or, the measurement air chamber is cleaned once or many times, and vacuumization treatment is carried out before and after each cleaning, so that the pressure in the measurement air chamber reaches a set pressure threshold value before sample introduction, and the pressure threshold value before sample introduction is smaller than atmospheric pressure.
With reference to fig. 3, the vacuum-pumping processing mode in this step is: and closing the air inlet electromagnetic valve, opening the air outlet electromagnetic valve, starting the air pressure control unit 5 which is communicated with the air passage of the measurement air chamber 1 to start air extraction, and closing the air outlet electromagnetic valve and the air pressure control unit 5 when the pressure of the measurement air chamber 1 reaches the pressure threshold value before sample introduction.
With reference to fig. 3, the cleaning in this step is performed in the following manner: and opening an air inlet electromagnetic valve, closing an air outlet electromagnetic valve, enabling the expired air of the cache device 11 to enter the measurement air chamber 1 due to the negative pressure of the measurement air chamber 1, and closing the air inlet electromagnetic valve when the pressure of the measurement air chamber 1 reaches the pressure threshold value after cleaning.
In this embodiment, the pressure threshold after sample injection and the pressure threshold after cleaning may be the same or different.
And S1015, opening an air inlet electromagnetic valve to enable the expired air in the cache device to enter the measurement air chamber due to the negative pressure of the measurement air chamber, and closing the air inlet electromagnetic valve until the pressure of the measurement air chamber is equal to the atmospheric pressure.
Since the measurement air chamber 1 is evacuated in step 1014, the difference between the internal pressure and the external pressure of the measurement air chamber 1 formed by evacuation will cause the expired air in the buffer means 11 connected to the air inlet 3 of the measurement air chamber 1 to enter the test air chamber 1 as long as the air inlet solenoid valve is opened.
And S1016, starting measurement, and transmitting a measurement signal to the main control unit by the photoelectric detector 7.
According to the embodiment, the hemoglobin concentration and the expiratory carbon monoxide concentration of the subject are firstly tested in a non-invasive manner, and then the red blood cell life of the subject is obtained through calculation, so that not only can the steady-state measurement be carried out, but also the dynamic monitoring can be carried out, and the real non-invasive measurement of the red blood cell life can be achieved. In addition, in the step S1011, the original gas in the measurement gas chamber 1 is removed to be below a controllable limit value by a vacuum pumping and sample introduction manner, so that the influence of the residual gas in the measurement gas chamber 1 is reduced to be within a controllable range, thereby overcoming the difficulty that the original gas in the measurement gas chamber 1 cannot be completely replaced due to a small amount of breath samples, overcoming the defect that the measurement gas chamber 1 needs to be cleaned for a long time, and being suitable for the breath test with the limited amount of the gas samples to be measured. In addition, in the embodiment, the carbon dioxide threshold is not directly collected, and the carbon dioxide threshold is firstly analyzed, so that when the CO is collected, all the breathes are not collected completely, and the breathes meeting the carbon dioxide threshold are collected, so that the automatic collection is realized, the user does not need to have active breath consciousness, and the method is particularly suitable for infants with low cognitive ability and adults without active consciousness or with cognitive disorder.
Example two
Referring to fig. 2, based on the same inventive concept, the present embodiment discloses a system for non-invasively testing the lifespan of red blood cells, which is used for implementing the method of the first embodiment, and the system comprises a central processing and control system 300, a carbon monoxide concentration testing system 100 for collecting the exhalation of a subject and testing the exhalation of the subject to obtain the carbon monoxide concentration, a hemoglobin concentration testing system 200 for non-invasively testing the hemoglobin concentration of the subject, a display module 500, and a human-computer interaction module 400 for implementing human-computer interaction.
The central processing and control system 300 is respectively connected with the carbon monoxide concentration testing system 100, the hemoglobin concentration testing system 200, the display module 500 and the human-computer interaction module 400, and is used for calculating the red blood cell life of the subject by using the carbon monoxide concentration and the hemoglobin concentration and sending the red blood cell life to the display module 500 for displaying.
Referring to fig. 3, the carbon monoxide concentration test module includes: the device comprises a measuring air chamber 1, a main control unit, an air inlet 3 which is provided with an air inlet electromagnetic valve and communicated with the measuring air chamber 1, an air pump 10 which is arranged between the air inlet and an air production front end 2 and used for pumping expiration, a buffer memory device 11 which is arranged between the air pump 10 and the air inlet and used for buffering the collected expiration, and a carbon dioxide sensor 9 which is arranged between the air pump 10 and the buffer memory device 11 and used for measuring the concentration of carbon dioxide, the gas collection device comprises a gas collection electromagnetic valve 12 arranged at a gas collection port of the cache device 11, a gas outlet 4 provided with a gas outlet electromagnetic valve and communicated with the measurement gas chamber 1, an air pressure control unit 5 communicated with the measurement gas chamber 1 through a gas path, a light source 6 communicated with the measurement gas chamber 1 through a light path, a photoelectric detector 7 communicated with the measurement gas chamber 1 through a light path and electrically connected with a main control unit, and a pressure sensor 8 communicated with the measurement gas chamber 1 through a gas path and used for measuring pressure in the gas chamber 1.
The buffer device 11 may be a piston, an air bag, an air tank, or the like.
The air pressure control unit 5 includes an air pump or an air cylinder or other pressure control processing equipment or devices capable of pressurizing or depressurizing the measurement air chamber 1, and the air pressure control unit 5 is mainly used for vacuumizing in this embodiment.
It is also mentioned in the examples that the inlet solenoid valve is a three-way solenoid valve which, when open, communicates the gas production front 2 with the measurement chamber 1 and, when closed, communicates the gas production front 2 with the environment.
The carbon dioxide sensor 9 and the pressure sensor 8 feed back detection signals to the main control unit, and the air pressure control unit 5, the air inlet electromagnetic valve and the air outlet electromagnetic valve are controlled by the main control unit. The main control unit implements flow control of the method of step S101. The user may give an instruction to notify the main control unit to start step S101 through the human-computer interaction module 400, and may also set various control parameters in step S101, such as the waiting time of pre-gas production mentioned in step S1012, the preset time period mentioned in step S1013, and the like.
Further details may be found in the embodiments and will not be described herein.
In summary, the method and system for non-invasively testing the service life of the red blood cells have the following beneficial effects: the testing method of the invention firstly tests the hemoglobin concentration and the expiratory carbon monoxide concentration of the subject in a non-invasive way, and then obtains the red blood cell life of the subject by calculation, thereby not only carrying out steady-state measurement, but also carrying out dynamic monitoring, and achieving the real non-invasive measurement of the red blood cell life.
While the present invention has been described with reference to the embodiments shown in the drawings, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments, which are illustrative and not restrictive, and it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications can be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (8)
1. A method for non-invasively testing red blood cell life, the method comprising:
collecting the expired air of a subject and testing the expired air of the subject to obtain the endogenous carbon monoxide concentration;
non-invasively testing the subject for hemoglobin concentration;
using the endogenous carbon monoxide concentration and hemoglobin concentration, calculating the red blood cell life of the subject based on the following calculation:
wherein, RBCspanRepresents the lifetime of the red blood cell, K is a constant, [ Hb]Represents the hemoglobin concentration and endoPco represents the endogenous carbon monoxide concentration.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the collecting the subject's breath comprises:
(ii) prior to collecting the breath, pre-collecting the breath and analyzing the subject for a first threshold and a second threshold of carbon dioxide concentration of the breath;
the method comprises the steps of starting expiration collection by using a cache device, testing the concentration of carbon dioxide in expiration in real time, and controlling the switch of a gas collection electromagnetic valve according to a first threshold, a second threshold/preset duration and the concentration of the carbon dioxide tested in real time to collect expiration;
and stopping collecting the expired air when the buffer device is full of expired air.
3. The method according to claim 2, wherein the controlling the on/off of the gas collection solenoid valve to collect the expired air according to the first threshold, the second threshold/the preset time length and the carbon dioxide concentration measured in real time comprises: and when the carbon dioxide concentration value is lower than a second threshold value or the opening time of the gas collection electromagnetic valve reaches a preset time, closing the gas collection electromagnetic valve to stop the expiration from entering the buffer device and directly discharging the expiration to the environment.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the breath of the test subject comprises:
carrying out primary vacuum-pumping treatment on the measurement air chamber to enable the pressure in the measurement air chamber to reach a set pressure threshold value before sample introduction; or, cleaning the measurement air chamber once or more, and performing vacuum pumping treatment once before and after each cleaning, so that the pressure in the measurement air chamber reaches a set pressure threshold value before sample injection, wherein the pressure threshold value before sample injection is smaller than atmospheric pressure;
and opening the air inlet electromagnetic valve to enable the expired air in the cache device to enter the measurement air chamber due to the negative pressure of the measurement air chamber, and closing the air inlet electromagnetic valve until the pressure of the measurement air chamber is equal to the atmospheric pressure.
5. The method of claim 4,
the vacuum-pumping treatment comprises the following steps: closing an air inlet electromagnetic valve, opening an air outlet electromagnetic valve, starting an air pressure control unit communicated with an air passage of the measurement air chamber to start air extraction, and closing the air outlet electromagnetic valve and the air pressure control unit when the pressure of the measurement air chamber reaches a pressure threshold value before sample injection;
the cleaning comprises the following steps: and opening an air inlet electromagnetic valve, closing an air outlet electromagnetic valve, enabling the expired air of the cache device to enter the measuring air chamber due to the negative pressure of the measuring air chamber, and closing the air inlet electromagnetic valve when the pressure of the measuring air chamber reaches the pressure threshold value after cleaning.
6. A system for non-invasively testing the lifespan of red blood cells, the system comprising a central processing and control system, a carbon monoxide concentration testing system for collecting the expired breath of a subject and testing the expired breath of the subject for an endogenous carbon monoxide concentration, a hemoglobin concentration testing system for non-invasively testing the hemoglobin concentration of the subject, a display module, and a human-computer interaction module, wherein the central processing and control system is used for performing the method of any one of claims 1 to 5;
the central processing and control system is respectively connected with the carbon monoxide concentration testing system, the hemoglobin concentration testing system, the display module and the human-computer interaction module, and is used for calculating the service life of the red blood cells of the testee by utilizing the endogenous carbon monoxide concentration and the hemoglobin concentration and sending the service life to the display module for displaying.
7. The system of claim 6, wherein the carbon monoxide concentration testing module comprises: a measuring air chamber, a main control unit, an air inlet which is provided with an air inlet electromagnetic valve and is communicated with the measuring air chamber, an air pump which is arranged between the air inlet and the front end of the air production and is used for pumping the breath, a buffer memory device which is arranged between the air pump and the air inlet and is used for buffering the collected breath, and a carbon dioxide sensor which is arranged between the air pump and the buffer memory device and is used for measuring the concentration of carbon dioxide, the gas collection device comprises a gas collection electromagnetic valve arranged at a gas collection port of the cache device, a gas outlet which is provided with a gas outlet electromagnetic valve and is communicated with a measurement gas chamber, a gas pressure control unit which is communicated with the measurement gas chamber through a gas path, a light source which is communicated with the measurement gas chamber through a light path, a photoelectric detector which is communicated with the measurement gas chamber through the light path and is electrically connected with a main control unit, and a pressure sensor which is communicated with the measurement gas chamber through the gas path and is used for measuring the pressure in the measurement gas chamber.
8. The system of claim 7, wherein the collection solenoid valves are each a three-way solenoid valve, the collection solenoid valves communicate with the gas production head and the buffer when opened, and the intake solenoid valves communicate with the gas production head and the environment when closed.
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| US20070178167A1 (en) * | 2005-09-01 | 2007-08-02 | Audrius Andrijauskas | Systems and method for homeostatic blood states |
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