CN114323557A - Offshore bank precipitation induced landslide surge simulation device and simulation method thereof - Google Patents
Offshore bank precipitation induced landslide surge simulation device and simulation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a landslide and surge simulation device and a landslide and surge simulation method for offshore rainfall induction, wherein the simulation device comprises a water tank, a landslide simulation mechanism, a density flow conveying mechanism, a water supply mechanism, a rainfall mechanism and a detection mechanism; the water tank comprises a first water tank and a second water tank, a detachable partition plate is arranged in the second water tank, the second water tank is divided into a first cavity and a second cavity by the partition plate, the first cavity is communicated with the first water tank, the bottom of the first water tank and the bottom of the second water tank are respectively provided with a water flow sensor, an artificial slope is arranged in the second cavity, a stress and water content sensor is arranged in the artificial slope, a rainfall mechanism is positioned above the artificial slope and used for simulating rainfall, and a water supply mechanism is used for supplying water for the first water tank, the second water tank and the rainfall mechanism; the density flow conveying mechanism is used for conveying the sand body into the first water tank; the landslide simulation mechanism is used for simulating landslide.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of estuary and coastal dynamics, in particular to a landslide and surge simulation device and a landslide and surge simulation method induced by offshore shore precipitation.
Background
Landslide caused by the instability of the side slope induced by continuous precipitation is a common disaster of landscapes in mountainous areas, and trees, buildings, engineering and the like near the landslide can be damaged. When landslides occur in mountains near water areas such as coasts and lakes, a series of secondary water area disasters are caused by swell caused by the landslides rushing into water besides the landslides. Therefore, it is necessary to develop studies on slope instability and landslide induced by heavy rain in a near-water region and to clarify a series of physical processes such as water surface swell and heavy current movement after landslide enters water.
A series of secondary disasters induced by continuous rainstorm in a near water area comprise a series of secondary disasters such as slope instability caused by rainfall, landslide caused after the slope instability, water surface swell caused by the landslide rushing into a water area, and water bottom organisms influenced by the fact that the landslide enters the water area to form different gravity flow. In order to realize the comprehensive analysis of the four physical processes, the processes need to be disassembled, and control variables are selected for each process to be analyzed, for example, for a landslide induced surge test, different landslide water-entering speeds, water-entering qualities and the like need to be selected as the control variables, and the influence of the landslide induced surge characteristics is researched, rather than directly deducing the surge characteristics through precipitation or initial landslide volume.
For the disassembly research of the four physical processes, the existing test method usually builds different types of test platforms according to the characteristics of each step, and the physical processes of each part are simulated in different devices. There are two problems with this type of experimental design: (1) the research is respectively carried out on each step in different test platforms, and the size effect of each test cannot be guaranteed; (2) the four physical processes all have intersections, and a test bench needs to be set up separately for each process, so that resources and space are wasted to a certain extent.
In view of the above problems, it is necessary to establish a test apparatus that can realize the disassembly simulation of four physical processes and can use space sharing for the test overlapping portion.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides a simulation device for inducing landslide and surge by offshore bank rainfall, which can realize the simulation of secondary disaster chains in a series of physical processes such as landslide induced by rainfall, water area surge caused by landslide, abnormal gravity flow sliding formed after the landslide rushes into a water area and the like.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a simulation method of the near-coast precipitation-induced landslide swell simulation apparatus.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a landslide and surge simulation device induced by offshore rainfall comprises a water tank, a landslide simulation mechanism, a density current conveying mechanism, a water supply mechanism, a rainfall mechanism and a detection mechanism;
the water tank comprises a first water tank and a second water tank, a detachable partition plate is arranged in the second water tank, the second water tank is divided into a first cavity and a second cavity by the partition plate, the first cavity is communicated with the first water tank, the bottom of the first water tank and the bottom of the second water tank are respectively provided with a water flow sensor, an artificial slope is arranged in the second cavity, a stress and water content sensor is arranged in the artificial slope, a rainfall mechanism is positioned above the artificial slope and used for simulating rainfall, and a water supply mechanism is used for supplying water for the first water tank, the second water tank and the rainfall mechanism;
the density flow conveying mechanism is positioned on one side of the first water tank and used for conveying sand bodies into the first water tank, and a sand body outlet of the density flow conveying mechanism is positioned in the first water tank;
the landslide simulation mechanism is positioned on one side of the first cavity and used for simulating landslide, and a landslide material outlet of the landslide simulation mechanism is positioned in the first cavity;
the detection mechanism comprises a high-speed camera and a laser emission assembly, the high-speed camera is used for shooting the first water tank, the second water tank and the artificial slope, the laser emission assembly is located below the first water tank or the second water tank, and laser emitted by the laser emission assembly irradiates towards the first water tank or the second water tank after being transversely diffused.
Further, the density flow conveying mechanism comprises a sand storage box, a conveying guide pipe and a buffer plate, an opening is formed in the bottom of the sand storage box, an electric switch is arranged at the opening, one end of the conveying guide pipe is communicated with the opening, the other end of the conveying guide pipe is connected with the buffer plate, the buffer plate is located in the first water tank, and the buffer plate is obliquely arranged towards the first water tank.
Furthermore, a plurality of separation columns are distributed on the buffer plate.
Further, landslide simulation mechanism includes support, ramp plate and control door, the support is located one side of second basin, and ramp plate and leg joint, ramp plate slope setting towards the second cavity, and the export of ramp plate is located first cavity, and the control door is installed in ramp plate's domatic, and the control door is used for intercepting the landslide material on the ramp plate.
Further, rainfall mechanism includes many precipitation pipes, a plurality of shower nozzle and a plurality of control flap, and water supply mechanism and many precipitation pipe are connected, and many precipitation pipes set up side by side, and every precipitation pipe goes up to distribute has a plurality of shower nozzles and a plurality of control flap, and the shower nozzle is towards artifical slope, and a plurality of control flap are located respectively between a plurality of shower nozzles.
Further, water supply mechanism includes a plurality of feed tanks and connecting tube, and a plurality of feed tanks pass through connecting tube and are connected with first basin, second basin and rainfall mechanism, are equipped with water pump and flowmeter on the connecting tube.
Further, the high-speed camera comprises a first camera, a second camera and a third camera, the first camera is over against the first water tank, the second camera is over against the first cavity, and the third camera is over against the slope surface of the artificial slope.
Further, the laser emission subassembly includes base, laser emitter, reflector, spotlight convex lens and triangular lens, the base is placed in first basin or second basin below, and laser emitter, spotlight convex lens, reflector and triangular lens all are fixed in on the base, and laser emitter, spotlight convex lens and reflector are located same straight line in proper order, and the reflector slope sets up, and triangular lens is located the reflector top, and the laser of laser emitter transmission reaches the reflector through spotlight convex lens, and the reflector is with laser reflection to triangular lens, and triangular lens is towards first basin or second basin.
Further, still include drainage mechanism, drainage mechanism includes water storage box, return water chute and grit chamber, and return water chute, grit chamber and water storage box are seted up respectively in the bottom of second basin, and return water chute and grit chamber all communicate with the second basin, and the return water chute is equipped with return water chute apron, and return water chute apron seals the return water chute, and return water chute and grit chamber intercommunication, grit chamber are equipped with grit chamber apron, and grit chamber apron seals the grit chamber, and grit chamber and water storage box intercommunication, grit chamber are used for filtering sand.
The other technical scheme of the invention is as follows: the simulation method of the simulation device for inducing landslide and surge by coastal precipitation comprises the steps of paving gravels at the bottom of a first water tank, wherein the gravels are used for simulating silt at the bottom of a river channel, and adding water into the first water tank and a second water tank through a water supply mechanism;
when the density flow test is carried out, the density flow conveying mechanism conveys the sand body into the first water tank, and the process that the sand body enters the first water tank is recorded through the high-speed camera;
when a side slope instability test is carried out, a rainfall mechanism is started to carry out rainfall on the artificial side slope, the side slope instability process is recorded through a plurality of stress and water content sensors in the artificial side slope, and a landslide caused by the side slope instability is recorded through a high-speed camera and a laser emission assembly;
when a landslide induced surge test is carried out, the landslide simulation mechanism simulates landslide materials to fall into the second water tank, and the process that the landslide materials fall into the second water tank is recorded through the high-speed camera.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the simulation device for inducing landslide and surge by offshore bank rainfall can realize the simulation of a series of secondary disasters after the offshore bank rainstorm, such as landslide induced by rainfall instability, landslide induced by the slope instability, surge induced by landslide, abnormal gravity flow motion after landslide enters water and the like, realizes the decomposition simulation of various physical processes in a single water tank, and is favorable for detailed analysis of mechanical mechanisms behind each physical process.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a front view of an offshore precipitation induced landslide surge simulation apparatus of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a top view of the offshore precipitation induced landslide surge simulation apparatus of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a side view of the offshore precipitation induced landslide surge simulation apparatus of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is an enlarged view of a portion a in fig. 1.
Fig. 5 is an enlarged view of a portion B in fig. 2.
Fig. 6 is a schematic view of the connection of the transport conduit and the buffer plate.
The device comprises a first water tank 1, a second water tank 2, a first water tank 2, a support column 3, an angle steel 4, a slope plate 5, a support 6, a control door 7, a sand storage tank 8, a transmission guide pipe 9, an electric switch 10, a buffer plate 11, a connecting pipeline 12, a water pump 13, a water storage tank 14, a water flow sensor 15, a water return pipe 16, a water supply pipe 17, a water return chute 18, a grit chamber 19, a suspended water tank 20, a water storage tank 21, a flow meter 22, a grit chamber cover plate 23, a water return chute cover plate 24, a first camera 251, a second camera 252, a third camera 253, a partition plate 26, an artificial slope 28, a stress and water content sensor 29, a laser emitter 30, a condenser convex lens 31, a reflector 32, a triangular lens 33, a base 34, a downcomer 35, a spray head 36, a manual switch valve 37 and a partition column 38.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto.
Examples
The embodiment provides a coastal shore precipitation induced landslide and surge simulation device, which comprises a water tank, a landslide simulation mechanism, a density flow conveying mechanism, a water supply mechanism, a rainfall mechanism, a detection mechanism and a drainage mechanism.
The basin includes first basin 2 and second basin 1, and the bottom surface of first basin and second basin is equipped with a plurality of support columns 3, is equipped with detachable division board 26 in the second basin, and the division board divides the second basin into first cavity and second cavity, first cavity and first basin intercommunication, and the bottom of first basin and the bottom of second basin are equipped with water flow sensor 15 respectively, and the second basin is equipped with delivery port and play water pump. The width of the partition plate is 0.8m-1.2m, the height of the partition plate can be freely selected according to requirements, the first water tank and the second water tank are both made of toughened glass materials and are reinforced through angle steel 4, the length of the first water tank is 3 m-4 m, the width of the first water tank is 0.4 m-0.8m, the height of the first water tank is 0.6 m-0.8m, the wall thickness of the first water tank is 1 cm-2 cm, the length of the second water tank is 2 m-3 m, the width of the second water tank is 2 m-3 m, the height of the second water tank is 1 m-1.2m, and the wall thickness of the second water tank is 1 cm-2 cm, an electric valve is arranged between the first water tank and the second water tank and is used for realizing communication or sealing of the first water tank and the second water tank. In this example, the partition plate had a width of 1.2m, the second water tank had a length of 3m, a width of 3m, a height of 1.2m, and a wall thickness of 1.5 cm.
The artificial side slope 28 is positioned in the second cavity, the stress and water content sensor 29 is embedded in the artificial side slope, the artificial side slope is formed by stacking transparent sandy soil, the slope and the slope height can be stacked according to requirements, the slope is 25-60 degrees, and the slope height is 0.3-0.8 m.
The drainage mechanism comprises a water storage tank 14, a backwater chute 18 and a grit chamber 19, the backwater chute, the grit chamber and the water storage tank are respectively arranged at the bottom of the second water tank, the backwater chute and the grit chamber are communicated with the second water tank, the backwater chute is provided with a backwater chute cover plate 24, the backwater chute cover plate seals the backwater chute, the backwater chute is communicated with the grit chamber, the grit chamber is provided with a grit chamber cover plate 23, the grit chamber cover plate seals the grit chamber, the grit chamber is communicated with the water storage tank, and the grit chamber is used for filtering sandy soil. The water storage tank is respectively communicated with the first water tank and the second water tank through a water return pipe and a water feeding pipe, a water pump is arranged on the water feeding pipe, and water in the water storage tank is conveniently recycled through the arrangement of the water return pipe 16 and the water feeding pipe 17.
The density flow conveying mechanism is located on one side of the first water tank and used for conveying sand bodies into the first water tank, a sand body outlet of the density flow conveying mechanism is located in the first water tank, the density flow conveying mechanism comprises a sand storage box 8, a conveying guide pipe 9 and a buffer plate 11, an opening is formed in the bottom of the sand storage box, an electric switch 10 is arranged at the opening, one end of the conveying guide pipe is communicated with the opening, the other end of the conveying guide pipe is connected with the buffer plate, the buffer plate is located in the first water tank and is obliquely arranged towards the first water tank, the angle between the buffer plate and the horizontal plane is 30-60 degrees, the sand storage box is a stainless steel box, the volume is 10L-20L, the conveying guide pipe is a PVC pipe, the length is 1m-1.5m, a plurality of separation columns 38 are distributed on the buffer plate, and the separation columns enable the density flow to be uniformly buffered in the input process. The sand storage box is filled with silt with the grain diameter of 0.1mm-5 mm.
The landslide simulation mechanism comprises a support 6, a slope plate 5 and a control door 7, wherein the support is positioned on one side of the second water tank and is a height-adjustable support, and the height-adjustable range is 0.5-2 m; the slope plate is connected with the support, the slope plate is arranged towards the second cavity in an inclined mode, the angle between the slope plate and the horizontal plane is 30-50 degrees, the outlet of the slope plate is located in the first cavity, the control door is installed on the slope surface of the slope plate and used for intercepting slope materials on the slope plate, and the control door is located above the water surface. The landslide material is placed behind the control gate, and the control gate is pneumatically controlled to be capable of being rapidly opened at a speed of 2.5 m/s. The width of the slope plate is 0.2 m-0.4 m, the length is 1.5 m-2 m, the slope plate is a U-shaped PVC plate, in the embodiment, the height of the bracket is 0.8m, the angle between the slope plate and the horizontal plane is 30 degrees, the width of the slope plate is 0.4m, and the length is 1.6 m. Prefabricating landslide material, combining with actual proportional scaling of solid matter in landslide, with prefabricated density of 800kg/m3～5000kg/m3Spherical particles with the diameter range of 2 mm-10 mm, 1-3 (3 in the embodiment) types of transparent glass particles are selected as particles in the simulated landslide, and the particles are mixed with water to simulate the landslide of the landslide; or preparing the carbopol with the concentration of 1.5-3.0%.
Rainfall mechanism is located artifical side slope top, and rainfall mechanism includes many precipitation pipe 35, a plurality of shower nozzle 36 and a plurality of control flap 37, and water supply mechanism and many precipitation pipe are connected, and many precipitation pipe set up side by side, and it has a plurality of shower nozzles and a plurality of control flap to distribute on the every precipitation pipe, and the shower nozzle is towards artifical side slope, and a plurality of control flap are located respectively between a plurality of shower nozzles. The downcomer is a stainless steel pipe, the diameter of the downcomer is 8 cm-10 cm, the distance between two adjacent downcomers is 30 cm-40 cm, the distance between two adjacent spray heads on the downcomer is 40-50cm, and each downcomer is provided with 3-5 control valves, so that rainfall simulation in different ranges and different rainfall amounts can be realized.
The water supply mechanism is first basin, second basin and rainfall mechanism supply water, the water supply mechanism includes a plurality of feed tanks and connecting tube 12, a plurality of feed tanks pass through connecting tube and first basin, second basin and rainfall mechanism are connected, be equipped with water pump 13 and flowmeter 22 on the connecting tube, the feed tank includes two storage water tanks 21 and a suspension type water tank 20, two storage water tanks are respectively through connecting tube and first basin and second basin intercommunication, the suspension type water tank is fixed in the ceiling, the suspension type water tank passes through connecting tube and first basin intercommunication, the suspension type water tank mainly supplies water for the different heavy current test. The height of the two water storage tanks is 1.2-1.5 m, the length is 0.8-1.2 m, the width is 0.5-0.8 m, the length of the suspended water tank is 0.3-0.5 m, the width is 0.3-0.5 m, the height is 0.5-0.8 m, the connecting pipeline is a stainless steel pipe, the diameter is 10-15 cm, the type of the water pump is a vertical stainless steel pump, the maximum flow is 60-80L/min, the flowmeter is an intelligent flowmeter with a built-in lithium battery, and the industrial pressure is 1.2-1.6 MPa.
The detection mechanism comprises a high-speed camera and a laser emission assembly, the high-speed camera is used for shooting the first water tank, the second water tank and the artificial slope, the laser emission assembly is located below the first water tank and the second water tank, and laser emitted by the laser emission assembly irradiates towards the first water tank and the second water tank after being transversely diffused.
The high-speed camera comprises a first camera 251, a second camera 252 and a third camera 253, the first camera is over against a first water tank, a shooting area is the whole first water tank, the second camera is over against a first cavity, the shooting area is the whole second water tank, the third camera is over against the slope surface of the artificial slope, the shooting area is the whole artificial slope, the three high-speed cameras are all connected with a PC through data lines, and the high-speed camera is a color camera with the highest shooting frequency of 400 fps.
The laser emission subassembly includes base 34, laser emitter 30, reflector 32, spotlight convex lens 31 and triangular lens 33, the base is portable base, the base is placed in first basin or second basin below, laser emitter, spotlight convex lens, reflector and triangular lens are all fixed in on the base, laser emitter, spotlight convex lens and reflector are located same straight line in proper order, the reflector slope sets up, triangular lens is located the reflector top, the laser of laser emitter transmission reaches the reflector through spotlight convex lens, the reflector is with laser reflection to triangular lens, triangular lens is towards first basin or second basin. In this embodiment, the below of first basin and second basin all is equipped with the laser emission subassembly, laser emitter is green laser, power 4KW ~ 10KW, spotlight convex lens focus is 40mm ~ 60mm, a focus for to laser beam, the reflector is used for reflecting laser beam, triangular lens diffusion angle is 30 ~ 60, a diffusion for to laser beam horizontal diffusion, laser beam can pass through spotlight convex lens in proper order after the laser is opened, reflector and triangular lens shine the basin, horizontal irradiation range is the shooting region of high-speed camera in the basin, the pc machine is used for receiving each sensor data and high-speed camera image.
According to the simulation method of the simulation device for inducing landslide and surge by near-coast rainfall, gravels are paved at the bottom of the first water tank and used for simulating the sediment at the bottom of a river channel, and water is added into the first water tank and the second water tank through the water supply mechanism.
When the density flow test is carried out, the density flow conveying mechanism conveys the sand body into the first water tank, and the process that the sand body enters the first water tank is recorded through the high-speed camera.
When a slope instability test is carried out, a rainfall mechanism is started to carry out rainfall on the artificial slope, the slope instability process is recorded through a plurality of stress and water content sensors in the artificial slope, and a landslide caused by the slope instability is recorded through a high-speed camera and a laser emission assembly.
When a landslide induced surge test is carried out, the landslide simulation mechanism simulates landslide materials to fall into the second water tank, and the process that the landslide materials fall into the second water tank is recorded through the high-speed camera.
In this embodiment, at first lay the gravel in the bottom of first basin, the gravel is used for simulating the silt of river course bottom, add water in first basin and the second basin through water supply mechanism, when reaching preset water level, open the delivery port and the play water pump of second basin, make the interior water level of second basin remain unchanged, when carrying out the abnormal gravity flow test, open the electric switch who stores up the sand box, make the sand storage box with fixed defeated sand efficiency, open first camera and laser emission subassembly, first camera catches the photo fast, first camera is used for the record sand body to strike into the sea. And closing the electric switch after the test is finished.
When a slope instability test is carried out, a rainfall mechanism is started to carry out rainfall on the artificial slope, the artificial slope can form landslide, collapse and loss under the rainfall condition, the slope instability process is recorded through a plurality of stress and water content sensors in the artificial slope, the precipitation amount is selected according to a water flow sensor, a second camera, a third camera and a laser emission assembly are started, the second camera records the landslide causing surge, the third camera records the slope instability process, and the rainfall mechanism is closed after the test is finished.
When a landslide surge-causing test is carried out, a first group of tests are carried out, 300g of landslide material is placed behind a control door, the control door can be rapidly opened at the speed of 2.5m/s through pneumatic control, and when the landslide material contacts with the water surface, the process that the landslide material contacts with the water surface is rapidly captured through a second camera. After the test is finished, stopping water supply of the first water tank and the second water tank, closing the water outlet and the water outlet pump, cleaning the first water tank and the second water tank, detaching the partition plate, opening the cover plate of the water return chute, allowing sandy soil and water to enter the grit chamber through the water return chute, filtering and intercepting the sandy soil by the grit chamber, returning the water to the water storage tank for recycling, and after the water is drained, opening the cover plate of the grit chamber and taking out sand bodies.
When a second group of tests are carried out, gravel is firstly paved at the bottom of the first water tank and is used for simulating silt at the bottom of a river channel, water is added into the first water tank and the second water tank through the water supply mechanism, when the preset water level is reached, a water outlet and a water outlet pump of the second water tank are opened, the water level in the second water tank is kept unchanged, 400g of landslide material is placed behind the control door, the control door can be rapidly opened at the speed of 2.5m/s through pneumatic control, and when the landslide material contacts the water surface, the process that the landslide material contacts the water surface is rapidly captured through the second camera. After the test is finished, stopping water supply of the first water tank and the second water tank, closing the water outlet and the water outlet pump, cleaning the first water tank and the second water tank, detaching the partition plate, opening the cover plate of the water return chute, allowing sandy soil and water to enter the grit chamber through the water return chute, filtering and intercepting the sandy soil by the grit chamber, returning the water to the water storage tank for recycling, and after the water is drained, opening the cover plate of the grit chamber and taking out sand bodies.
When the third to ninth tests were performed, the weight of the landslide material was 500g, 600g, 700g, 800g, 900g, and 1000g, respectively.
And the tenth group to the twentieth group keep the landslide material weight of 500g unchanged, adjust the sand conveying speed according to the condition through an electric switch, make test records, and obtain the water surface wave shape change rule and characteristics of the landslide material quality after impacting the water surface by using image processing technology analysis based on the observed and shot images and video information.
As mentioned above, the present invention can be better realized, and the above embodiments are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention; all equivalent changes and modifications made according to the present disclosure are intended to be covered by the scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A landslide and surge simulation device induced by offshore land rainfall is characterized by comprising a water tank, a landslide simulation mechanism, a density flow conveying mechanism, a water supply mechanism, a rainfall mechanism and a detection mechanism;
the water tank comprises a first water tank and a second water tank, a detachable partition plate is arranged in the second water tank, the second water tank is divided into a first cavity and a second cavity by the partition plate, the first cavity is communicated with the first water tank, the bottom of the first water tank and the bottom of the second water tank are respectively provided with a water flow sensor, an artificial slope is arranged in the second cavity, a stress and water content sensor is arranged in the artificial slope, a rainfall mechanism is positioned above the artificial slope and used for simulating rainfall, and a water supply mechanism is used for supplying water for the first water tank, the second water tank and the rainfall mechanism;
the density flow conveying mechanism is positioned on one side of the first water tank and used for conveying sand bodies into the first water tank, and a sand body outlet of the density flow conveying mechanism is positioned in the first water tank;
the landslide simulation mechanism is positioned on one side of the first cavity and used for simulating landslide, and a landslide material outlet of the landslide simulation mechanism is positioned in the first cavity;
the detection mechanism comprises a high-speed camera and a laser emission assembly, the high-speed camera is used for shooting the first water tank, the second water tank and the artificial slope, the laser emission assembly is located below the first water tank or the second water tank, and laser emitted by the laser emission assembly irradiates towards the first water tank or the second water tank after being transversely diffused.
2. The offshore land precipitation induced landslide and surge simulation device of claim 1, wherein the density flow delivery mechanism comprises a sand storage box, a delivery conduit and a buffer plate, wherein an opening is formed in the bottom of the sand storage box, an electric switch is arranged at the opening, one end of the delivery conduit is communicated with the opening, the other end of the delivery conduit is connected with the buffer plate, the buffer plate is located in the first water tank, and the buffer plate is arranged in a manner of inclining towards the first water tank.
3. The offshore bank precipitation induced landslide surge simulation device of claim 2, wherein a plurality of spacer columns are distributed on the buffer plate.
4. The offshore bank precipitation induced landslide surge simulation device of claim 1, wherein the landslide simulation mechanism comprises a support, a ramp plate and a control door, the support is located on one side of the second water tank, the ramp plate is connected with the support, the ramp plate is arranged in a manner of inclining towards the second cavity, an outlet of the ramp plate is located in the first cavity, the control door is installed on a slope surface of the ramp plate, and the control door is used for intercepting landslide material on the ramp plate.
5. The offshore landslide and surge simulation device of claim 1, wherein the rainfall mechanism comprises a plurality of precipitation pipes, a plurality of spray heads and a plurality of control valves, the water supply mechanism is connected with the plurality of precipitation pipes, the plurality of precipitation pipes are arranged in parallel, each precipitation pipe is distributed with the plurality of spray heads and the plurality of control valves, the spray heads face the artificial slope, and the plurality of control valves are respectively located among the plurality of spray heads.
6. The offshore water precipitation induced landslide surge simulation device of claim 1, wherein the water supply mechanism comprises a plurality of water supply tanks and connecting pipes, the plurality of water supply tanks are connected with the first water tank, the second water tank and the rainfall mechanism through the connecting pipes, and a water pump and a flow meter are arranged on the connecting pipes.
7. The offshore land precipitation induced landslide swell simulation device of claim 1, wherein the high speed camera comprises a first camera, a second camera and a third camera, the first camera facing the first water tank, the second camera facing the first cavity, the third camera facing the slope of the artificial slope.
8. The offshore-land-precipitation-induced landslide and swell simulation device of claim 1, wherein the laser emitting assembly comprises a base, a laser emitter, a reflector, a convex condenser lens and a triangular lens, the base is placed below the first water tank or the second water tank, the laser emitter, the convex condenser lens, the reflector and the triangular lens are all fixed on the base, the laser emitter, the convex condenser lens and the reflector are sequentially positioned on the same straight line, the reflector is obliquely arranged, the triangular lens is positioned above the reflector, laser emitted by the laser emitter passes through the convex condenser lens to reach the reflector, the reflector reflects the laser to the triangular lens, and the triangular lens faces the first water tank or the second water tank.
9. The offshore water precipitation induced landslide surge simulation device of claim 1, further comprising a drainage mechanism, wherein the drainage mechanism comprises a water storage tank, a return water chute and a grit chamber, the return water chute, the grit chamber and the water storage tank are respectively arranged at the bottom of the second water tank, the return water chute and the grit chamber are both communicated with the second water tank, the return water chute is provided with a return water chute cover plate, the return water chute cover plate seals the return water chute, the return water chute is communicated with the grit chamber, the grit chamber is provided with a grit chamber cover plate, the grit chamber cover plate seals the grit chamber, the grit chamber is communicated with the water storage tank, and the grit chamber is used for filtering sandy soil.
10. A simulation method for the offshore shore precipitation induced landslide and swell simulation apparatus of any one of claims 1-9, wherein gravel is laid on the bottom of the first tank to simulate sediment in the bottom of the river, and water is added to the first tank and the second tank by the water supply means;
when the density flow test is carried out, the density flow conveying mechanism conveys the sand body into the first water tank, and the process that the sand body enters the first water tank is recorded through the high-speed camera;
when a side slope instability test is carried out, a rainfall mechanism is started to carry out rainfall on the artificial side slope, the side slope instability process is recorded through a plurality of stress and water content sensors in the artificial side slope, and a landslide caused by the side slope instability is recorded through a high-speed camera and a laser emission assembly;
when a landslide induced surge test is carried out, the landslide simulation mechanism simulates landslide materials to fall into the second water tank, and the process that the landslide materials fall into the second water tank is recorded through the high-speed camera.
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