CN116908416B

CN116908416B - Multifunctional rainfall landslide simulation test system and method

Info

Publication number: CN116908416B
Application number: CN202311176210.1A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 黎学优; 蒋卓言; 张明明; 王健
Original assignee: Sun Yat Sen University
Current assignee: Sun Yat Sen University
Priority date: 2023-09-13
Filing date: 2023-09-13
Publication date: 2024-02-13
Anticipated expiration: 2043-09-13
Also published as: CN116908416A

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of geotechnical engineering, and discloses a multifunctional rainfall landslide simulation test system and method, wherein the system comprises a rainfall landslide simulation unit, a surge simulation unit and a circulating water supply unit; the rainfall landslide simulation unit comprises a first water tank, a rainfall simulation mechanism and a landslide simulation table, wherein the landslide simulation table is arranged in the first water tank, and the rainfall simulation mechanism is arranged above the first water tank; the surge simulation unit comprises a second water tank and a slideway simulation device, a partition plate is arranged between the first water tank and the second water tank, and a side door device capable of vertically lifting is arranged on the second water tank; the circulating water supply unit comprises a water supply tank and a collecting tank communicated with the water supply tank, the bottom of the second water tank is communicated with the collecting tank, and the water supply tank is communicated with the rainfall simulation mechanism through a pipeline. The rainfall landslide simulation units and the surging simulation units are coupled together to be matched with each other for use, and meanwhile, the purposes of simulating the processes of rainfall induced landslide instability and high-speed water-inflow surging of the sliding body under the coupling action of various working conditions are achieved.

Description

Multifunctional rainfall landslide simulation test system and method

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of geotechnical engineering, in particular to a multifunctional rainfall landslide simulation test system and method.

Background

Landslide is a very frequent geological disaster, has characteristics such as paroxysmal, mass-developing, periodicity and harm are big, often causes huge loss for people's production, life, and serious threat to people's life and property safety. The occurrence of landslide is closely related to a plurality of factors, wherein rainfall is one of the main factors for inducing landslide, and particularly in mountain areas and reservoir areas where rainfall is frequent, large-scale landslide is extremely easy to induce. In particular, when landslides are induced by rainfall in the vicinity of water areas such as rivers, lakes and coasts, a large amount of landslides are rushed into a series of water area secondary disasters induced in water, and the destructive power of the secondary disasters is sometimes not even inferior to that of tsunamis induced by earthquakes.

At present, the rainfall landslide hazard research method mainly comprises theoretical analysis, numerical simulation, field test and model test. The model test has good operability and repeatability, can simulate complex and changeable boundary conditions, and can truly reproduce the influence of soil-water interaction on the landslide development process in the rainfall infiltration process, so that the model test becomes an important means for researching the rainfall-induced landslide instability mechanism.

The Chinese patent with the application publication number of CN112782387A discloses a multi-station coupling landslide model test device which comprises a model frame assembly, a rainfall simulation assembly, a water flow flushing assembly and a lifting assembly; the model frame assembly is used for piling up sample soil slopes, and simultaneously can simulate the water level lifting condition of a warehouse, and the rainfall simulation assembly is arranged above the model frame assembly and used for simulating different rainfall intensities, the water flow flushing assembly is used for providing flushing water flow and water storage water level for the sample soil slopes in the model frame assembly, and the lifting assembly is used for driving one end of the model frame assembly to lift and adjust the inclination angle. According to the invention, the influence of working conditions such as rainfall, reservoir water level lifting and water flow flushing on the slope stability is simulated by adjusting the matching of the clamping plates and the use of each component.

According to the landslide model test device, the model frame assembly is utilized to pile the sample soil slope, one end of the model frame assembly is driven to lift through the lifting assembly to adjust the inclination angle, and therefore the influence of rainfall on the soil slope under different angles is simulated.

However, the landslide model test device has single simulation working condition, most of the device can simulate rainfall effect, the rainfall landslide test under the coupling effect of multiple working conditions is less considered, meanwhile, the space utilization rate of the test device is low, on the basis of the simulation function of rainfall induced landslide, the decomposition simulation of multiple physical processes in a single test device under the coupling effect of multiple working conditions cannot be realized at the same time, and a series of water area secondary disaster processes such as water inflow and surge and the like of a large number of landslides are simulated.

Disclosure of Invention

The purpose of the invention is that: providing a multifunctional rainfall landslide simulation test system to meet the requirement of multi-station coupling effect simulation; the invention also provides a multifunctional rainfall landslide simulation test method using the multifunctional rainfall landslide simulation test system.

In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention provides a multifunctional rainfall landslide simulation test system, which comprises a rainfall landslide simulation unit, a surge simulation unit and a circulating water supply unit;

The rainfall landslide simulation unit comprises a first water tank, a rainfall simulation mechanism and a landslide simulation table, wherein the landslide simulation table is arranged in the first water tank and used for generating a landslide platform, and the rainfall simulation mechanism is arranged above the first water tank and used for artificially rainfall the landslide simulation table;

the surge simulation unit comprises a second water tank and a slideway simulation device, an openable push-pull separation plate is arranged between the first water tank and the second water tank, the separation plate is used for connecting or disconnecting the first water tank and the second water tank, the slideway simulation device is arranged at one end, far away from the first water tank, of the second water tank, the slideway simulation device is used for forming a slideway platform for sliding a sliding body to simulate material sliding, and one end, close to the slideway simulation device, of the second water tank is provided with a side door device capable of vertically lifting;

the circulating water supply unit comprises a water supply tank and a collecting tank communicated with the water supply tank, the bottom of the second water tank is communicated with the collecting tank, and the water supply tank is communicated with the rainfall simulation mechanism through a pipeline.

Preferably, the system further comprises a runoff simulation device, wherein the runoff simulation device is arranged at the top end of the landslide simulation platform and comprises a runoff main pipe communicated with the water supply tank, a plurality of runoff dispersing pipes which are arranged separately and communicated with the runoff main pipe and a converging inclined plate arranged at the bottom of the runoff dispersing pipes, the height of the runoff main pipe is adjustable, and runoff control valves are distributed on the runoff main pipe between two adjacent runoff dispersing pipes.

Preferably, the water level simulator comprises a water level control box, a water storage pipe, a communicating pipe and a water return pipe, wherein the water level control box is arranged on one side of the first water tank in a lifting mode, the water level control box is internally divided into a first cavity and a second cavity through a vertical water flow separation plate, a gap is reserved between the top end of the water flow separation plate and the water level control box to communicate the first cavity with the second cavity, the water storage pipe is connected between the water supply tank and the first cavity, the communicating pipe is connected between the first cavity and the first water tank, and the water return pipe is connected between the second cavity and the water supply tank.

Preferably, the landslide simulation platform comprises a plurality of groups of telescopic flat plates and a movable supporting base mechanism, wherein the telescopic flat plates are arranged side by side, two adjacent groups of telescopic flat plates are hinged, the telescopic flat plates are square hollow plates which can be telescopic along the direction perpendicular to the side by side direction, and the movable supporting base mechanism is arranged at the bottom of the telescopic part of each telescopic flat plate;

the movable support base mechanism comprises a support base and a plurality of telescopic rods, the top ends of the telescopic rods are hinged with the hinged positions of the telescopic flat plates, and the bottom ends of the telescopic rods are slidably assembled on the support base along the side-by-side directions of the telescopic flat plates.

Preferably, the rainfall landslide simulation unit further comprises a sliding push plate arranged in the first water tank and an electric push rod device for driving the sliding push plate to move along the telescopic direction of the telescopic flat plate, the sliding push plate is a square hollow plate which can vertically stretch out and draw back, the electric push rod device comprises a first supporting platform and horizontal telescopic rods which are vertically and slidably assembled on the first supporting platform, at least two horizontal telescopic rods are arranged at vertical intervals, and each telescopic part of the sliding push plate is connected with the horizontal telescopic rods.

Preferably, the rainfall simulation mechanism comprises a rainfall bracket and a liftable rainfall simulation device, the rainfall bracket is fixedly arranged at the top of the first water tank, the liftable rainfall simulation device is fixedly arranged at the top of the rainfall bracket, the liftable rainfall simulation device comprises a lifting control platform, a lifting shear rest electrically connected with the lifting control platform, and a plurality of water falling pipes fixed on the lifting shear rest, a plurality of rainfall spray heads are uniformly distributed on each water falling pipe, and each water falling pipe is communicated with the circulating water supply unit.

Preferably, the slideway simulation device comprises a second supporting platform, a horizontal supporting base and a belt conveying device, wherein a plurality of groups of belt conveying devices are sequentially arranged along the length direction of the slideway, each group of belt conveying devices are mutually independent and form a slideway platform, and two adjacent groups of belt conveying devices are hinged through an arc-shaped connecting sheet;

The horizontal support base is arranged on the second support platform in a sliding manner along the width direction of the slideway platform, a plurality of groups of electric telescopic rods are arranged on the horizontal support base in a sliding manner along the length direction of the slideway platform, the bottom of each arc-shaped connecting piece is hinged with the electric telescopic rod, and the electric telescopic rods are used for driving the arc-shaped connecting pieces to lift so as to drive the belt conveying device to rotate around the arc-shaped connecting pieces;

the belt conveyor is characterized in that a first arc chute and a second arc chute which are concentrically arranged are arranged on the arc connecting sheet, one of two adjacent groups of belt conveyors is connected with the first arc chute, the other is connected with the second arc chute, and the central angle of the first arc chute and the central angle of the second arc chute are 90 degrees.

Preferably, the surge simulation unit further comprises a material conveying mechanism, the material conveying mechanism comprises a charging trolley, a material conveying funnel, a first pulley assembly, a second pulley assembly, a third sliding rail and a fourth sliding rail, the charging trolley is used for bearing and releasing sliding bodies to simulate materials, the third sliding rail extends along the width direction of a sliding rail platform, the first pulley assembly is slidingly assembled on the third sliding rail, a hand winch is arranged on the first pulley assembly, and a pull wire used for being connected with a small charging car coupler in a hanging mode is wound on the hand winch;

The fourth slide rail extends along the length direction of the slide rail platform, the second pulley assembly is assembled on the fourth slide rail in a sliding mode, the second pulley assembly is provided with a hook, and the material conveying funnel is assembled on the hook in a hooking mode.

Preferably, a vertically arranged partition plate is arranged in the material collecting tank, and the partition plate divides the material collecting tank into a filter tank and a sand setting tank along the horizontal direction;

a plurality of groups of sand sample separating sieve plates are arranged in the filter tank at intervals from top to bottom, and the aperture of each group of sand sample separating sieve plates is gradually reduced from top to bottom;

the bottom of the filter tank is communicated with the grit chamber, the top of the grit chamber is communicated with the water supply tank, and filter screens are arranged at the communication part of the filter tank and the grit chamber and the communication part of the grit chamber and the water supply tank.

The invention also provides a multifunctional rainfall landslide simulation test method, which comprises the following steps:

s1, assembling a rainfall landslide simulation unit, a surge simulation unit and a circulating water supply unit, and adjusting the states of the units according to test contents to be simulated, wherein the states comprise the height and rainfall range of a rainfall simulation mechanism, the height and runoff section width of a runoff simulation device, the height of a water level simulation device and the height of a sliding push plate;

S2, adjusting the positions of the sliding pushing plates according to the sizes of the artificial slopes, adjusting the positions of the telescopic flat plates through moving the supporting base mechanism, and piling the artificial slopes; or the angle and the height of the slideway platform are adjusted through an electric telescopic rod on the horizontal support base, a sliding body is loaded in the material conveying trolley to simulate materials, and the material conveying trolley is moved to the set height of the slideway platform;

s3, supplying water into the first water tank and/or the second water tank according to the test content, and then performing a corresponding simulation test;

s4, starting a shooting mechanism, shooting and recording the whole process of slope instability and surge, and obtaining shooting data.

Compared with the prior art, the multifunctional rainfall landslide simulation test system and method provided by the embodiment of the invention have the beneficial effects that: the first water tank of the rainfall landslide simulation unit and the second water tank of the surge simulation unit are communicated through the partition plate, landslide working conditions can be simulated by utilizing the landslide platform, materials can be simulated to be disclosed by sliding down in the second water tank through the slideway simulation device and the side door device, water is supplied to the rainfall simulation mechanism of the rainfall landslide simulation unit through the circulating water supply unit, water flows back to the water supply tank through the collecting tank through the second water tank, water recycling is achieved, the rainfall landslide simulation unit and the surge simulation unit are coupled together to be matched with each other for use, meanwhile, the purpose of simulating the processes of rainfall induced landslide instability and high-speed water inflow and surge of the landslide under the coupling effect of various working conditions can be achieved, the decomposition simulation of a plurality of physical processes in a single test device under the coupling effect of various working conditions can be achieved, and the space utilization rate is high.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view of a multifunctional rainfall landslide simulation test system of the invention;

FIG. 2 is a front view of the multi-functional rainfall landslide simulation test system of FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is a side view of the multi-functional rainfall landslide simulation test system of FIG. 1;

FIG. 4 is a schematic perspective view of a liftable rainfall simulation device of the multifunctional rainfall landslide simulation test system of FIG. 1;

FIG. 5 is a schematic perspective view of a runoff simulation device of the multi-functional rainfall landslide simulation test system of FIG. 1;

FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the water level simulator of the multifunctional rainfall landslide simulation test system of FIG. 1 under different conditions, wherein arrows in the diagram indicate water flow directions;

FIG. 7 is a schematic perspective view of an electric putter device of the multi-functional rainfall landslide simulation test system of FIG. 1;

FIG. 8 is a schematic perspective view of a slide simulation device of the multi-functional rainfall landslide simulation test system of FIG. 1;

FIG. 9 is an enlarged schematic view of the ramp analog device of FIG. 8 at the arcuate tab;

FIG. 10 is a schematic perspective view of a side door apparatus of the multi-functional rainfall landslide simulation test system of FIG. 1;

FIG. 11 is a schematic side view of the loading cart and skid platform of the multi-functional rainfall landslide simulation test system of FIG. 1;

FIG. 12 is a schematic top view of a material handling hopper of the multi-functional rainfall landslide simulation test system of FIG. 1;

FIG. 13 is a schematic side view of a material handling hopper and a second pulley assembly of the multi-functional rainfall landslide simulation test system of FIG. 1;

FIG. 14 is a schematic perspective view of a landslide simulation table of the multi-functional rainfall landslide simulation test system of FIG. 1;

fig. 15 is a schematic perspective view of a material collecting trough of the multi-functional rainfall landslide simulation test system of fig. 1.

In the figure, 1, a first water tank, 2, a second water tank, 3, a rainfall bracket, 4, a liftable rainfall simulation device, 401, a lifting control platform, 402, a lifting shear rest, 403, a fixed flat plate, 404, a water reducing pipe, 405, a rainfall nozzle, 406, a rainfall control valve, 5, a runoff simulation device, 501, a runoff main pipe, 502, a runoff dispersing pipe, 503, a runoff control valve, 504, a converging inclined plate, 6, a water level simulation device, 601, a lifting screw rod, 602, a water level control box, 6021, a first cavity, 6022, a second cavity, 603, a water flow separation plate, 604, a communicating pipe, 605, a water storage pipe, 606, a water return pipe, 607, a water storage flowmeter, 7, a rainfall water supply pipe, 8, a rainfall flowmeter, 9, a runoff water supply pipe, 10, a runoff flowmeter, 11, a runoff pipe clamping groove, 12, a water pump, 13, an electric push rod device, 131, a lateral support base, 132, a movable base, 133, vertical slide bar, 134, horizontal telescopic bar, 135, vacuum chuck, 14, first support platform, 15, slide push plate, 16, first slide rail, 17, artificial side slope, 181, first shooting component, 182, second shooting component, 183, third shooting component, 19, partition plate clamping groove, 20, push-pull partition plate, 21, glass cover plate, 22, side door device, 221, horizontal fixed base, 222, side door push bar, 223, lifting side door, 224, vertical clamping groove, 23, second support platform, 24, second slide rail, 25, slide rail simulation device, 251, horizontal support base, 252, push bar fixed base, 253, slide bar, 254, electric telescopic bar, 255, slide rail platform, 256, arc connecting piece, 2561, first arc chute, 2562, second arc chute, 257, rubber bridge plate, 258, side edge clamping groove, 259, side edge baffle, 26. charging trolley, 261, box, 262, pneumatic control cabin door, 263, bottom pulley, 27, slide simulated material, 28, first pulley assembly, 29, third slide rail, 30, transporting hopper, 301, hopper body, 302, lifting ring, 303, rubber sealing plate, 304, spindle, 305, spring, 306, bottom clasp, 307, first pull ring, 308, second pull ring, 31, second pulley assembly, 311, hook, 312, first hand winch, 313, second hand winch, 32, fourth slide rail, 33, water supply tank, 34, collection chute, 341, filter tank, 342, grit chamber, 343, partition, 344, sand sample sieve, 345, sieve support hinge, 346, filter screen, 347, grit chamber water outlet, 35, water inlet pipe, 36, drain pipe, 37, stop valve, 38, water pipe, 39, slide simulated table, 391, telescoping flat plate, 392, mobile support base mechanism, 393, T-shaped rubber bridge deck.

Detailed Description

The following describes in further detail the embodiments of the present invention with reference to the drawings and examples. The following examples are illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.

The preferred embodiment of the multifunctional rainfall landslide simulation test system comprises a rainfall landslide simulation unit, a surging simulation unit and a circulating water supply unit, wherein the rainfall landslide simulation unit is used for simulating a landslide instability process induced by rainfall under a reservoir water level or not, the surging simulation unit is used for simulating a process that a landslide generated after the rainfall induced landslide instability is flushed into water to excite surging, and the circulating water supply unit is used for providing a water source for a test and can also realize water backflow so as to facilitate recycling.

The rainfall landslide simulation unit comprises a first water tank 1, a rainfall simulation mechanism and a landslide simulation table 39, wherein the first water tank 1 is of a rectangular structure, the landslide simulation table 39 is arranged in the first water tank 1 and used for generating a landslide platform, and an artificial side slope 17 can be formed after required soil materials are piled on the landslide platform. The rainfall simulation mechanism is arranged above the first water tank 1 and is used for artificially raining the landslide simulation table 39, the rainfall simulation mechanism can generate artificial rainfall in a test, and the artificial rainfall can simulate the rainfall to induce landslide instability after falling on the landslide simulation table 39.

The surge simulation unit comprises a second water tank 2 and a slideway simulation device 25, an openable and closable push-pull separation plate 20 is arranged between the first water tank 1 and the second water tank 2, and the push-pull separation plate 20 is used for connecting or disconnecting the first water tank 1 and the second water tank 2. In this embodiment, the junction between the first water tank 1 and the second water tank 2 is provided with the partition board clamping groove 19, the partition board clamping groove 19 extends along the horizontal direction, the push-pull partition board 20 is assembled in the partition board clamping groove 19 in a guiding manner, the push-pull partition board 20 can slide along the partition board clamping groove 19 in the horizontal direction, and the push-pull partition board 20 is provided with a handle, so that the operation of a tester is facilitated.

The slide simulation device 25 is arranged at one end of the second water tank 2 far away from the first water tank 1, and the slide simulation device 25 is used for forming a slide platform 255 for sliding the sliding body simulation material 27, so that slides with different sliding surface shapes can be generated. A side door device 22 capable of vertically lifting is arranged at one end of the second water tank 2 close to the slideway simulating device 25. The side door device 22 can be lifted by being matched with the water inlet end height of the slideway simulation device 25, so that the bottom end of the slideway platform 255 extends into the second water tank 2.

The main body frames of the first water tank 1 and the second water tank 2 are made of angle steel and toughened glass, the bottom plate is welded with the main body frames into a whole by adopting steel plates, the toughened glass is of a transparent structure, and test personnel can observe a test process conveniently and a shooting mechanism can collect test data conveniently. The lengths of the first water tank 1 and the second water tank 2 are the same, and the height of the first water tank 1 is twice as high as that of the second water tank 2, so that the requirement of a larger rainfall height range in a test is met.

In this embodiment, the side door device 22 is disposed on a side of the second water tank 2 away from the first water tank 1, and the side door device 22 is used to cooperate with the slide simulation device 25 to realize smooth connection of the water inlet end of the slide platform 255 with the second water tank 2. Specifically, as shown in fig. 7, the side door device 22 includes a horizontal fixing base 221, a side door push rod 222, a lifting side door 223 and a vertical clamping groove 224, wherein the lifting side door 223 is made of stainless steel plate, the horizontal fixing base 221 is located at the bottom of the side surface of the second water tank 2, which is close to the slide way simulation device 25, the bottom of the side door push rod 222 is vertically connected and fixed with the horizontal fixing base 221 through a bolt, the side door push rod 222 pushes the lifting side door 223, and the lifting side door 223 can slide along the vertical clamping groove 224 under the control of an electric switch to realize free lifting.

During the test, according to the water inlet end height of the slide platform 255 and the preset water storage level height in the second water tank 2, the lifting side door device 22 is opened to enable the lifting side door 223 to rise to the bottom of the water inlet end of the slide platform 255, so that the smooth connection between the water inlet ends of the slide platform 255 and the second water tank 2 in various sliding surface forms is realized under the condition of not changing the test device.

The circulating water supply unit comprises a water supply tank 33 and a collecting tank 34, wherein the end part, far away from the first water tank 1, of the water supply tank 33 is abutted against the collecting tank 34, the bottom part of the second water tank 2 is communicated with the collecting tank 34, and the water supply tank 33 is communicated with the rainfall simulation mechanism through a pipeline. The collecting tank 34 can recycle the water flow of the second water tank 2, and convey the water flow to the water supply tank 33 after purification, and the water supply tank 33 conveys the water flow to the rainfall simulation mechanism through a pipeline to realize circulating water.

In this embodiment, the water supply tank 33 is located at the bottom of the first water tank 1, the water inlet pipe 35 and the water outlet pipe 36 are arranged at the bottom of the water supply tank 33, the stop valve 37 is arranged inside the water inlet pipe 35 and the water outlet pipe 36, the end part of the water supply tank 33, which is far away from the first water tank 1, is abutted against the collecting tank 34, and water flows into the collecting tank 34 from the bottom of the second water tank 2 to be filtered and deposited, and then flows back to the water supply tank 33, so that the purpose of recycling water is achieved. The end of the second water tank 2 far away from the first water tank 1 is provided with a rectangular opening with a detachable rectangular glass cover plate 21, and the collecting tank 34 is opposite to the rectangular opening at the glass cover plate 21, so that water flow recovery is realized. The water supply tank 33 is also connected with a water pipe 38 leading to the second water tank 2, the water pipe 38 is provided with a water pump 12, and water can be quickly stored into the second water tank 2 to a preset water level through the water pipe 38.

The multifunctional rainfall landslide simulation test system further comprises a shooting mechanism, wherein the shooting mechanism is used for shooting and recording a test process and acquiring test data, and in the embodiment, the shooting mechanism comprises a first shooting component 181, a second shooting component 182 and a third shooting component 183, the first shooting component 181 is positioned on a main body frame above the push-pull partition plate 20 and comprises two sets of equipment, and the two sets of equipment are respectively opposite to the first water tank 1 and the second water tank 2; the second shooting component 182 is positioned in front of the front view of the first water tank 1, shoots and records the slope side change process, and obtains shooting data; the third photographing assembly 183 is positioned in front of the second water tank 2, photographs and records the surge side change process, and obtains photographed data.

During the test, a plurality of groups of first data acquisition devices are buried at different positions in the artificial side slope 17, first data change in the slope during the test is recorded, and second data change of surge excited by water entering the unstable slope is recorded through a second data acquisition device. In the present embodiment, the first shooting component 181, the second shooting component 182, and the third shooting component 183 include, but are not limited to, a high-definition camera, a high-speed camera, a three-dimensional laser scanner, and the like, and the shooting data includes, but is not limited to, high-definition image data, and slope body destruction morphological feature point cloud data; the first data acquisition equipment comprises, but is not limited to, a water content sensor, a pore water pressure sensor, a matrix suction sensor and the like, and the first data comprises, but is not limited to, data acquired by each sensor and the like; the second data acquisition device includes, but is not limited to, a wave height meter, a particle image velocimeter, etc., and the second data includes, but is not limited to, a wave shape, wave height characteristic data, a slope sliding displacement field, fluid velocity field characteristic data, etc.

Numerical simulation research on the rainfall induced landslide instability process and the landslide inflow excited surge process can be performed by using the shooting data, the first data and the second data, and the specific means of the numerical simulation research are the prior knowledge and are not repeated here.

In the multifunctional rainfall landslide simulation test system, a first water tank of the rainfall landslide simulation unit and a second water tank of the surge simulation unit are communicated through a partition plate, landslide working conditions can be simulated by utilizing a landslide platform, a sliding body simulation material can simulate surge disclosure in the second water tank through a slide way simulation device and a side door device, water is supplied to a rainfall simulation mechanism of the rainfall landslide simulation unit through a circulating water supply unit, water flows back to a water supply tank through a material collecting tank through the second water tank, water recycling is achieved, the rainfall landslide simulation unit and the surge simulation unit are coupled together to be matched with each other for use, meanwhile, the purpose of simulating the processes of falling into water at high speed by the landslide unstability and the landslide under the coupling effect of various working conditions can be achieved, and the decomposition simulation of a plurality of physical processes in a single test device under the coupling effect of various working conditions can be achieved, so that the space utilization rate is high.

Preferably, the device further comprises a runoff simulation device 5, the runoff simulation device 5 is arranged at the top end of the landslide simulation platform 39, the runoff simulation device 5 comprises a runoff main pipe 501 communicated with the water supply tank 33, a plurality of runoff dispersing pipes 502 which are arranged separately and communicated with the runoff main pipe 501, and converging inclined plates 504 which are arranged at the bottoms of the runoff dispersing pipes 502, the height of the runoff main pipe 501 is adjustable, and runoff control valves 503 are distributed on the runoff main pipe 501 between two adjacent runoff dispersing pipes 502.

As shown in fig. 5, the runoff simulation device 5 is used for generating slope top runoff during test, and after coupling the runoff simulation device 5 with a rainfall landslide simulation unit, the process of rainfall induced landslide instability and high-speed water inflow and surge of a sliding body under the coupling action of various working conditions can be simulated. Wherein the runoff simulation device 5 comprises a runoff main pipe 501 and a plurality of runoff dispersion pipes 502 which are distributed at intervals, wherein a runoff control valve 503 is arranged between the plurality of runoff dispersion pipes 502, the converging inclined plate 504 is of a U-shaped structure, the converging inclined plate 504 is connected with the runoff main pipe 501 in a penetrating way through round holes formed at the wing end parts of the two sides of the converging inclined plate 504, and the bottoms of the plurality of runoff dispersion pipes 502 are fixedly connected with the converging inclined plate 504 through adhesive.

The middle part of the runoff main pipe 501 is connected with the water supply tank 33 through a runoff water supply pipe 9, a runoff flowmeter 10 and a water pump 12 are arranged on the runoff water supply pipe 9, and the runoff flow can be adjusted by controlling the valve of the runoff flowmeter 10 and the switch of the water pump 12.

In this embodiment, a plurality of pairs of runoff pipe clamping grooves 11 are arranged on the main frames at two sides of one end of the first water tank 1 far away from the second water tank 2 along the vertical direction at intervals, and the runoff main pipe 501 can be clamped in the runoff pipe clamping grooves 11 to realize height adjustment. In the test, a plurality of runoff dispersing pipes 502 spray water flow and collect the water flow on a U-shaped converging and sloping plate 504 to form runoffs, and the opening and closing of certain runoff control valves 503 and the placing height of the runoff main pipe 501 can be determined according to the actual slope height and the slope width of the artificial slope 17, so that the section width and the height of the runoffs can be flexibly adjusted.

Preferably, the water level simulator 6 is further included, the water level simulator 6 is communicated with the water supply tank 33, the water level simulator 6 comprises a water level control box 602, a water storage pipe 605, a communicating pipe 604 and a water return pipe 606, the water level control box 602 is arranged on one side of the first water tank 1 in a lifting mode, the water level control box 602 is divided into a first cavity 6021 and a second cavity 6022 through a vertical water flow separation plate 603, a gap is reserved between the top end of the water flow separation plate 603 and the water level control box 602 to be communicated with the first cavity 6021 and the second cavity 6022, the water storage pipe 605 is connected between the water supply tank 33 and the first cavity 6021, the communicating pipe 604 is connected between the first cavity 6021 and the first water tank 1, and the water return pipe 606 is connected between the second cavity 6022 and the water supply tank 33.

As shown in fig. 6, in this embodiment, a lifting screw 601 is vertically fixed on a main body frame of an end portion of the first water tank 1 far away from the second water tank 2, and one side of a water level control box 602 is nested on the lifting screw 601, so that the height of the water level control box 602 can be freely adjusted within the length range of the lifting screw 601, thereby realizing lifting adjustment of the water level control box 602. The water flow division plate 603 divides the water level control box 602 into a first cavity 6021 and a second cavity 6022, the communicating pipe 604 is directly connected with the first water tank 1, the water storage pipe 605 is connected with the water supply tank 33, the water storage flow meter 607 and the water pump 12 are arranged on the water storage pipe 605, the water return pipe 606 is connected with the upper part of the tank body of the water supply tank 33, and all the pipelines are connected to one end of the water supply tank 33 far away from the second water tank 2.

As shown in fig. 2 and 6, when water is required to be stored in the first water tank 1 or the second water tank 2 before the test, the water level control box 602 is slid along the lifting screw 601, the height of the water level control box 602 is adjusted to the required water storage height, then the water pump 12 arranged on the water storage pipe is started, and the water storage speed can be controlled through the water storage flowmeter 607. After the water enters the first cavity 6021 through the water storage pipe 605, the water flows into the first water tank 1 through the communicating pipe 604 immediately after the water in the first cavity 6021 is lower than the water level of the water flow dividing plate 603, and water storage in the first water tank 1 is started. When the water level in the first water tank 1 reaches the preset level of the water level control box 602, the excessive water in the water tank reversely flows back to the first cavity 6021 through the communicating pipe 604, the water flow in the first cavity 6021 starts to rise and overflows the water flow division plate 603 to enter the second cavity 6022, at this time, the water pump 12 on the water storage pipe 605 is closed, water delivery is stopped, and the water level in the first water tank 1 is maintained at a certain constant height. When a rainfall-induced landslide simulation test under the reservoir water level is carried out, the excessive water flow entering the water tank through the liftable rainfall simulation device 4 and the runoff simulation device 5 can flow back into the water supply tank 33 through the water return pipe 606 in the water level simulation device 6, so that the water level is kept constant in the whole test process.

Preferably, the landslide simulation table 39 comprises a telescopic flat plate 391 and a movable supporting base mechanism 392, wherein a plurality of groups of telescopic flat plates 391 are arranged side by side, two adjacent groups of telescopic flat plates 391 are hinged, the telescopic flat plates 391 are square hollow plates which can be telescopic along the direction perpendicular to the side by side direction, and the bottom of a telescopic part of the telescopic flat plates 391 is provided with the movable supporting base mechanism 392;

the movable support base mechanism 392 comprises a support base and a plurality of telescopic rods, wherein the top ends of the telescopic rods are hinged with the hinged parts of the telescopic flat plates, and the bottom ends of the telescopic rods are slidably assembled on the support base along the side-by-side direction of the telescopic flat plates 391.

As shown in fig. 14, the landslide simulation table 39 is used to generate a landslide platform that can flexibly change the slope angle, width, height and shape of the bottom of the side slope at the same time. In this embodiment, the telescopic flat plates 391 are telescopic hollow steel plates, which can be telescopic along the width direction of the first water tank 1, and the telescopic flat plates 391 are connected by a hinge to form a telescopic landslide platform, and the nested parts of the telescopic flat plates 391 form telescopic parts thereof.

Each expansion flat plate 391 can independently rotate within the range of 0-90 degrees around the hinge, and the gap at the hinge of each expansion flat plate 391 is filled by a T-shaped rubber bridge plate 393 with a smooth surface, so that the smooth transition at the hinge of each expansion flat plate 391 is ensured.

Each group of movable support base mechanisms 392 are independently arranged below the hinged positions of the two ends of the outer glass plate, which are clung to the telescopic flat plates 391, and the hinge positions of each section of telescopic flat plates 391, and each group of movable support base mechanisms 392 moves independently along the moving direction of the telescopic flat plates 391 so as to support and regulate the telescopic parts of the telescopic flat plates 391.

In this embodiment, a pulley is disposed at the bottom of the support base of each set of the mobile support base mechanism 392, so as to drive the mobile support base mechanism 392 to slide in the first sliding rail 16 on the first support platform 14. The first support platform 14 is an assembly platform of the first water tank 1, and the first water tank 1 and the movable support base mechanism 392 are assembled on the first support platform 14. Support fixedly mounted with along the slide bar that the side by side direction of flexible dull and stereotyped 391 extends on the slide bar, slide and be equipped with a plurality of push rod unable adjustment base on the slide bar, equal fixedly connected with electric telescopic handle on every push rod unable adjustment base, the bottom of electric telescopic handle is passed through the bolt and is connected with push rod unable adjustment base, the articulated elements between top and the flexible dull and stereotyped 391 articulates, accessible articulated elements drive each flexible dull and stereotyped 391 swing when electric telescopic handle is vertical, electric telescopic handle passes through push rod unable adjustment base simultaneously and slides on the slide bar, the displacement of compensation flexible dull and stereotyped 391 when the swing.

Preferably, the rainfall landslide simulation unit further comprises a sliding push plate 15 arranged in the first water tank 1 and an electric push rod device 13 for driving the sliding push plate 15 to move along the telescopic direction of the telescopic flat plate 391, the sliding push plate 15 is a hollow plate which can vertically telescopic in a shape of a loop, the electric push rod device 13 comprises a first supporting platform 14 and horizontal telescopic rods 134 which are vertically and slidably assembled on the first supporting platform 14, at least two horizontal telescopic rods 134 are arranged at vertical intervals, and each telescopic part of the sliding push plate 15 is connected with the horizontal telescopic rods 134.

As shown in fig. 7, the electric push rod device 13 pushes the sliding push plate 15 to move in the first water tank 1, so that the width and the height of the slope bodies of the artificial side slopes 17 stacked in the first water tank 1 as shown in fig. 2 can be changed, so as to meet the stacking and testing requirements of the artificial side slopes 17 with different widths in the first water tank 1.

In this embodiment, the electric putter device 13 further includes a lateral support base 131, where the lateral support base 131 is fixed to the first support platform 14 located at the rear of the first tub 1, and the first support platform 14 is welded to the main body frame of the first tub 1 as a whole. The edge of the lateral support base 131 is provided with two vertical sliding rods 133, the movable bases 132 positioned at the four corners of the lateral support base 131 are slidably nested on the vertical sliding rods 133, the bottoms of the horizontal telescopic rods 134 are horizontally connected and fixed with the movable bases 132 through bolts, the horizontal telescopic rods 134 are electric telescopic rods, the single maximum thrust of the horizontal telescopic rods 134 is 100kg, and the telescopic range is 0-2.5 m.

One end of the horizontal telescopic rod 134, which is far away from the lateral support base 131, is connected to a vacuum chuck 135 through a screw connection, and the vacuum chuck 135 is used for adsorbing the sliding push plate 15. The sliding push plate 15 is a hollow plate which can vertically stretch and retract, and the sliding push plate 15 can not only slide horizontally under the pushing of the horizontal telescopic rod 134, but also realize the adjustment of vertical height in a telescopic manner along with the movement of the movable base 132 on the vertical sliding rod 133.

The pulley is arranged at the bottom of the sliding push plate 15, during a test, the sliding push plate 15 is pushed to slide to the position of the width of a preset slope along the first sliding rail 16 by opening the horizontal telescopic rod 134, the first sliding rail 16 is arranged below the bottom plate of the first water tank 1, the groove opening of the sliding rail is flush with the surface of the bottom plate, a graduated scale is arranged on the outer side of the sliding rail, and the position of the sliding push plate 15 can be accurately positioned, so that the stacking and test requirements of artificial slopes 17 with different widths and heights can be met under the condition of not changing a test device.

When the slope bottom sliding surface shape, width, height and inclination angle of the artificial slope 17 shown in fig. 2 need to be changed in a rainfall landslide simulation test, firstly, the end part of a multi-section telescopic flat plate 391 on one side of a telescopic landslide simulation table 39 far away from a sliding push plate 15 is bonded and fixed with the toughened glass surface of a first water tank 1 through glass cement, and the end part of the multi-section telescopic flat plate 391 on one side of the sliding push plate 15, which is closely attached to the landslide simulation table 39, is fixed with the sliding push plate 15 through glass cement; then the electric push rod device 13 is started to push the sliding push plate 15 and each group of movable supporting base mechanisms 392 to slide to the preset slope width position along the first slide rail 16, and simultaneously the width of each section of telescopic flat plate 391 is changed; finally, the horizontal sliding and vertical lifting of the plurality of electric telescopic rods of the movable support base mechanism 392 are matched, so that smooth lap joint of various landslide platforms with the sliding surface shapes, widths, heights and dip angles of the landslide bottoms is realized under the condition that a test device is not changed, and the artificial landslide 17 can be piled on a well-lapped landslide simulation table 39.

Preferably, the rainfall simulation mechanism comprises a rainfall bracket 3 and a liftable rainfall simulation device 4, the rainfall bracket 3 is fixedly arranged at the top of the first water tank 1, the liftable rainfall simulation device 4 is fixedly arranged at the top of the rainfall bracket 3, the liftable rainfall simulation device 4 comprises a lifting control platform 401, a lifting shear frame 402 electrically connected with the lifting control platform 401 and a plurality of precipitation pipes 404 fixed on the lifting shear frame 402, a plurality of rainfall spray heads 405 are uniformly distributed on each precipitation pipe, and each precipitation pipe 404 is communicated with the circulating water supply unit.

As shown in fig. 4, the rainfall bracket 3 is connected to the top of the first water tank 1, and the top of the rainfall bracket 3 is hung with the liftable rainfall simulation device 4. The liftable rainfall simulation device 4 is used for generating artificial rainfall in a test, wherein a built-in motor of the electric lifting control platform 401 and the lifting shear frame 402 are arranged, the lifting shear frame 402 is divided into four parts, the four lifting shear frames 402 are positioned at the bottom of the electric lifting control platform 401 and distributed in a rectangular shape, and under the control of an electric remote controller, the four lifting shear frames 402 can realize synchronous vertical expansion and contraction, so that the height of rainfall can be freely regulated.

The lower part of the lifting shear frame 402 is connected with a fixed plate 403, holes are formed in the fixed plate, and a plurality of water reducing pipes 404 are fastened on the fixed plate 403 through bolts. The plurality of the water falling pipes 404 are distributed in parallel along the length direction of the first water tank 1, two ends of the water falling pipes 404 are respectively connected with the plurality of the water falling pipes 404 in parallel through a transverse pipeline, a plurality of the rainfall spray heads 405 are distributed on each water falling pipe 404 at intervals, the rainfall spray heads 405 are opposite to the artificial side slope 17 piled up below, and a rainfall control valve 406 is arranged between the rainfall spray heads 405, so that the requirements of different rainfall ranges can be met by switching on and off certain rainfall spray heads 405 and the rainfall control valve 406 in a test.

As shown in fig. 1-4, the middle part of the transverse pipeline far away from one end of the second water tank 2 is connected with a water supply tank 33 through a rainfall water supply pipe 7, a rainfall flowmeter 8 and a water pump 12 are arranged on the rainfall water supply pipe 7, and the intensity of rainfall can be adjusted by controlling the valve of the rainfall flowmeter 8 and the switch of the water pump 12.

Preferably, the slideway simulating device 25 comprises a second supporting platform 23, a horizontal supporting base 251 and belt conveying devices, wherein a plurality of groups of belt conveying devices are sequentially arranged along the length direction of the slideway, each group of belt conveying devices are mutually independent and form a slideway platform 255, and two adjacent groups of belt conveying devices are hinged through an arc-shaped connecting sheet 256;

the horizontal support base 251 is arranged on the second support platform 23 in a sliding manner along the width direction of the slideway platform 255, a plurality of groups of electric telescopic rods 254 are arranged on the horizontal support base 251 in a sliding manner along the length direction of the slideway platform 255, the bottoms of the arc-shaped connecting pieces 256 are all hinged with the electric telescopic rods 254, and the electric telescopic rods 254 are used for driving the arc-shaped connecting pieces 256 to lift so as to drive the belt conveying device to rotate around the arc-shaped connecting pieces 256;

the arc connecting piece 256 is provided with a first arc chute 2561 and a second arc chute 2562 which are concentrically arranged, one of two adjacent groups of belt conveying devices is connected with the first arc chute 2561, the other belt conveying device is connected with the second arc chute 2562, and the central angle between the first arc chute 2561 and the second arc chute 2562 is 90 degrees.

As shown in fig. 8, the slide simulation device 25 is configured to generate slides with different sliding surface configurations, and the horizontal support base 251 is disposed on the second support platform 23, where the second support platform 23 is an overall foundation of the slide simulation device 25. The pulley is arranged at the bottom of the horizontal support base 251, a second sliding rail 24 is arranged on the second support platform 23, the second sliding rail 24 extends along the width direction of the sliding rail platform 255, and the horizontal support base 251 can transversely move on the second sliding rail 24 through the pulley so as to adjust the water inlet position of the sliding body simulation material 27.

Two sliding rods 253 are fixed on the horizontal support base 251, a plurality of push rod fixing bases 252 are slidably assembled on the sliding rods 253, the push rod fixing bases 252 are slidably nested on the sliding rods 253, the push rod fixing bases 252 are in one-to-one correspondence with the electric telescopic rods 254, bottoms of the electric telescopic rods 254 are connected with the push rod fixing bases 252 through bolts, the top ends of the electric telescopic rods 254 are hinged with the arc-shaped connecting sheets 256, and the specifications of the electric telescopic rods 254 are identical to those of the horizontal telescopic rods 134. When the electric telescopic rod 254 drives the belt conveyor to swing through the arc-shaped connecting piece 256, the arc-shaped connecting piece 256 is displaced in the extending direction of the slideway platform 255, and the push rod fixing base 252 slides on the two sliding rods 253 to compensate the displacement of the arc-shaped connecting piece 256.

The multistage belt conveyer is articulated through arc connection piece 256 and later constitutes the slide platform, and belt conveyer embeds the motor, and its rotation rate is adjustable in 0-50m/min, and every section belt conveyer's speed all can be independently transferred through the speed regulator and establishes, and the belt surface is anti-skidding PVC material, can change to the belt that has different coefficient of friction according to the test demand to simulate the slip plane of different roughness along the journey in the actual landslide, slide platform 255 is close to the one end of second basin 2 and stretches into the basin.

As shown in fig. 8 and 9, the arc-shaped connecting piece 256 is used for hinging a multi-section belt conveying device, in this embodiment, two sides of each section of belt conveying device are provided with side clamping grooves 258, the side clamping grooves 258 are made of square section aluminum profiles, the belt conveying device is connected with inner side grooves of the side clamping grooves 258 through bolts, outer side grooves of the side clamping grooves 258 are sequentially connected with the arc-shaped connecting piece 256 and ends of the electric telescopic rods 254 through bolts, namely, the belt conveying device is connected with the arc-shaped connecting piece 256 and the electric telescopic rods 254 through the side clamping grooves 258.

The arc connecting piece 256 is a 90-degree fan-shaped steel sheet with two concentric arc sliding grooves, and the ends of the two sections of hinged belt conveying devices are respectively clamped on the first arc sliding groove 2561 and the second arc sliding groove 2562 of the arc connecting piece 256 through bolts and nuts, so that each section of belt conveying device can independently rotate along the arc sliding grooves within the range of 0-90 degrees.

The gap at the hinged part of each section of belt conveying device is filled by a rubber bridge plate 257 with smooth surface, and the sliding and lifting of a plurality of pairs of electric telescopic rods 254 are matched, so that the smooth lap joint of various sliding surface forms and water inlet angle slideway platforms 255 can be realized. In addition, side baffles 259 are clamped in grooves at the tops of side clamping grooves 258 at two sides of each section of belt conveying device, and the side baffles 259 are made of PVC, so that the sliding body simulation material 27 cannot deviate from the slideway platform 255 during test.

Preferably, the surge simulation unit further comprises a material conveying mechanism, the material conveying mechanism comprises a charging trolley 26, a material conveying funnel 30, a first pulley assembly 28, a second pulley assembly 31, a third sliding rail 29 and a fourth sliding rail 32, the charging trolley 26 is used for bearing and releasing a sliding body simulation material 27, the third sliding rail 29 extends along the width direction of a sliding rail platform 255, the first pulley assembly 28 is slidably assembled on the third sliding rail 29, a hand winch is arranged on the first pulley assembly 28, and a pull wire used for being connected with a charging small coupler in a hanging mode is wound on the hand winch;

the fourth slide rail 32 extends along the length direction of the slide platform 255, the second pulley assembly 31 is slidably mounted on the fourth slide rail 32, the second pulley assembly 31 is provided with a hook 311, and the material transporting funnel 30 is hooked and mounted on the hook 311.

As shown in fig. 11, the loading trolley 26 is used for loading and releasing a rainfall-induced sliding body simulation material 27, in this embodiment, the loading trolley 26 includes a box 261, a pneumatic control cabin door 262 and a bottom pulley 263, wherein the box 261 is formed by assembling an aluminum profile and a transparent acrylic plate, the pneumatic control cabin door 262 is arranged on the side surface of the box 261 facing the second water tank 2, and the telescopic rod is connected with the side transparent acrylic plate and realizes a lifting function under the control of a pneumatic switch, so that a landslide event can be triggered by opening the pneumatic control cabin door 262 during a test.

The bottom pulleys 263 are installed at four corners of the bottom of the box 261, so that the charging trolley 26 can slide to a certain preset initial position along the slideway platform 255 under the retraction action of a hand winch and a pull wire on the first pulley assembly 28 before the test, and the charging trolley 26 and the sliding body simulation material 27 therein can be kept relatively static at a certain height under the pull wire action of one side of the box 261 far away from the second water tank 2 when the belt conveyor rotates before the test starts, and the height is the initial sliding position of the sliding body simulation material 27 on the slideway platform 255 without sliding along with the rotation of the belt.

When the water inlet end position of the slideway platform 255 is changed, the first pulley assembly 28 can slide horizontally along the third sliding rail 29 to make corresponding adjustment, so that the relative position with the charging trolley 26 is adjusted, and the first pulley assembly 28 can pull the charging trolley 26 to slide on the slideway platform 255.

As shown in fig. 12 and 13, the material transporting funnel 30 is used for transporting the sliding body simulation material 27 into the loading trolley 26 before the test, and in this embodiment, the material transporting funnel 30 includes a funnel main body 301, a hanging ring 302, a rubber sealing plate 303, a rotating shaft 304, a spring 305, a bottom retaining ring 306, a first pull ring 307 and a second pull ring 308.

The top of the funnel main body 301 is provided with three hanging rings 302, and the hanging rings 302 are connected with hooks 311 in the liftable second pulley assembly 31 through pull wires. The bottom of the funnel main body 301 is provided with a rubber sealing plate 303 with a pull ring, and the rubber sealing plate 303 can open or close an opening at the bottom of the funnel main body 301 in the process of rotating around a rotating shaft 304, so that the loading and unloading operation of materials is controlled.

The first pull rings 307 and the second pull rings 308 are arranged at intervals along the circumferential direction of the rubber sealing plate 303, the first pull rings 307 on the rubber sealing plate 303 are connected with the second pulley assembly 31 through pull wires, and the rotation of the rubber sealing plate 303 around the rotating shaft 304 can be controlled through a hand winch and pull wires on the second pulley assembly 31; the second pull ring 308 on the rubber sealing plate 303 is connected with the bottom retaining ring 306 arranged on the funnel main body 301 through the spring 305, the spring 305 can apply elastic force to the rubber sealing plate 303 after the rubber sealing plate 303 is opened, and when the acting force of the pull wire on the first pull ring 307 is eliminated, the rubber sealing plate 303 can automatically rotate under the action of the elastic force and close the opening of the funnel main body 301.

In this embodiment, the first pulley assembly 28 and the second pulley assembly 31 are both in a liftable structure, so as to adapt the heights of the charging trolley 26 and the hook 311 according to the test requirements. Before the test, the material is charged into the material transporting hopper 30 on the ground, the first hand winch 312 in the second pulley assembly 31 is operated to lift the material transporting hopper 30 to the position right above the charging trolley 26, then the second hand winch 313 in the second pulley assembly 31 is rotated to take up the line, the rubber sealing plate 303 is horizontally rotated around the rotating shaft 304 arranged on the hopper main body 301 under the action of the pulling line, and at the moment, the opening at the bottom of the hopper is opened and the material is released. After discharging, the second hand winch 313 is rotated to pay off, the rubber sealing plate is automatically reset under the pulling of the spring 305, the bottom of the funnel is closed, and then the purpose of convenient charging at different heights is achieved.

In addition, the second pulley assembly 31 can slide along the fourth sliding rail 32, and the fourth sliding rail 32 starts at the junction of the first water tank 1 and the second water tank 2 as shown in fig. 2 and ends at the end of the second supporting platform 23, so that by moving the second pulley assembly 31 and the hanging material transporting hopper 30 thereof, the loading trolley 26 at different initial heights and sliding distance positions on the sliding platform 255 can be loaded, and the soil material can be transported for piling up the artificial side slope 17 in the first water tank 1 in the rainfall landslide simulation test, thereby improving the efficiency of the preparation work in the early stage of the test.

Preferably, a vertically arranged baffle 343 is arranged in the aggregate tank 34, and the baffle 343 divides the aggregate tank 34 into a filter tank 341 and a grit chamber 342 in the horizontal direction;

a plurality of groups of sand sample separating sieve plates 344 are arranged in the filter tank 341 at intervals from top to bottom, and the aperture of each group of sand sample separating sieve plates 344 is gradually reduced from top to bottom;

the bottom of the filter tank 341 is communicated with the grit chamber 342, the top of the grit chamber 342 is communicated with the water supply tank 33, and the filter screen 346 is arranged at the communication part of the filter tank 341 and the grit chamber 342 and the communication part of the grit chamber 342 and the water supply tank 33.

As shown in fig. 15, the collection tank 34 is used for filtering and recycling the earth-water mixture which is washed out in the test process, so as to achieve the purposes of material recycling and water recycling. In this embodiment, the collecting tank 34 is located at the bottom of the second water tank 2 as shown in fig. 2, the top of the filter tank 341 faces the bottom of the second water tank 2 and is provided with a rectangular opening with a detachable glass cover plate 21, and the top of the grit chamber 342 is sealed but the upper part of the side close to the water supply tank 33 is provided with a grit chamber water outlet 347.

The whole cavity of the filter tank 341 is provided with sand sample separating sieve plates 344 with different apertures from top to bottom at intervals, wherein the apertures of the sand sample separating sieve plates 344 from top to bottom are 10mm,5mm,2mm,0.5mm and 0.075mm in sequence, and the sand sample separating sieve plates 344 can be taken out in sequence by rotating the sieve plate bearing loose-leaf 345. The filter tank 341 and the grit chamber 342 are communicated at the bottom of the baffle 343, and a filter screen 346 is arranged at the communicated part, and the filter screen 346 is a high-density filter screen so as to filter out impurities of large particles.

During the test, the soil-water mixture that washes out after rainfall induced landslide unstability is got into the filtering ponds 341 of collection silo 34 by second basin 2 bottom opening, sand divides the soil particle of appearance sieve 344 with different particle diameters to six layers initially, and filtering pond 341 bottom rivers continue to flow into the grit chamber 342 after high-density filter screen 346 filters, only contains a small amount of suspension form fine soil particle in this moment in the rivers, and rivers further precipitate in the grit chamber 342, and finally flow back to supply tank 33 through the grit chamber delivery port 347 that is equipped with filter screen 346 equally, realize separation and cyclic utilization of water and material.

Preferably, for convenient movement, installation and disassembly, the bottoms of the first water tank 1, the second water tank 2, the water supply tank 33, the collecting tank 34, the first support platform 14 and the second support platform 23 are all provided with universal wheels.

The invention also provides a preferable embodiment of the multifunctional rainfall landslide simulation test method, which adopts the multifunctional rainfall landslide simulation test system according to any one of the technical schemes, and comprises the following steps:

The multifunctional rainfall landslide simulation test method is used for simulating different test contents, and specifically comprises the steps of simulating a rainfall-induced landslide instability process under a constant reservoir water level without reservoir water level, simulating a landslide water-in induced surge process of a landslide body, and simultaneously simulating the rainfall-induced landslide instability process under the reservoir water level and the landslide water-in induced surge process of the landslide body, wherein each test content is described respectively.

When the simulation of the rainfall induced landslide instability process under the water level without the reservoir is carried out, the method comprises the following steps:

step S1, assembling the rainfall landslide simulation unit according to the first embodiment, and adjusting the states of the components in the test system according to the test requirements, including but not limited to: according to the test requirements and the size of the artificial side slope 17, the rainfall height and the rainfall range of the liftable rainfall simulation device 4, the height and the runoff section width of the runoff simulation device 5, the height of the sliding push plate 15 and the like are adjusted;

Step S2, according to the size of the set artificial side slope 17, opening the electric push rod device 13, pushing the sliding push plate 15 to slide to the corresponding position of the width of the set artificial side slope 17 along the first slide rail 16, and horizontally pulling the push-pull partition plate 20 along the partition plate clamping groove 19, so that the cavities of the first water tank 1 and the second water tank 2 are communicated with each other; operating a material conveying funnel 30 and a second pulley assembly 31 to slide along a fourth sliding rail 32, conveying soil materials required by stacking the artificial side slope 17 into a water tank, finishing stacking, burying a plurality of groups of first data acquisition equipment at different positions in the side slope, and recording first data change in the side slope in the test process;

step S3, dismantling the rectangular glass cover plate 21, opening the side door device 22, and enabling the lifting side door 223 of the side, close to the slideway simulating device 25, of the second water tank 2 to rise to the position with the same height as the main body frame of the second water tank 2, wherein the periphery of the second water tank 2 is sealed;

step S4, a stop valve 37 on a water inlet pipe 35 arranged at the bottom of the water supply tank 33 is opened, water is conveyed into the water supply tank 33 through an external water source, and when the water storage capacity in the water supply tank 33 reaches a proper height, the stop valve 37 is closed to stop water supply;

step S5, when the test starts, the water pump 12 arranged on the rainfall water supply pipe 7 is started, the rainfall flowmeter 8 is regulated according to the rainfall intensity set by the test, water is supplied to the liftable rainfall simulation device 4 through the water supply tank 33, meanwhile, the water pump 12 arranged on the runoff water supply pipe 9 is started, the runoff flowmeter 10 is regulated according to the runoff flow set by the test, and water is supplied to the runoff simulation device 5 through the water supply tank 33;

Step S6, a first shooting component 181 and a second shooting component 182 are started, wherein the first shooting component 181 is positioned on a main body frame above the push-pull partition plate 20 and comprises two sets of equipment which are respectively opposite to the first water tank 1 and the second water tank 2; starting equipment facing the slope surface of the artificial side slope 17, and shooting and recording the whole destabilization process of the slope surface under the combined action of rainfall and runoff; the second shooting component 182 is positioned in front of the front view of the first water tank 1, shoots and records the slope side change process, and obtains shooting data;

step S7, in the test process, the liftable rainfall simulation device 4 and the runoff simulation device 5 are kept in an open state all the time, the artificial side slope 17 is subjected to landslide instability under the combined action of rainfall and runoff, the flushed earth-water mixture flows forward of the slope toe and enters the second water tank 2 from the first water tank 1, then flows into the collecting tank 34 through the opening at the bottom of the second water tank 2, the filter tank 341 and the grit chamber 342 in the collecting tank 34 further separate materials from water flow, and the water flow finally flows back to the water supply tank 33 from the grit chamber water outlet 347 until the test is finished;

and S8, after the test is finished, taking out each layer of sand sample separating sieve plate 344, recycling materials, and using water in the water supply tank 33 for the next group of tests or discharging the water through the drain pipe 36 at the bottom of the tank.

When the rainfall-induced landslide instability process simulation is carried out under the constant reservoir water level, the method comprises the following steps:

step S1, assembling the rainfall landslide simulation test system according to the first embodiment, and adjusting the states of the components in the test system according to the test requirements, including but not limited to: according to the test requirements and the size of the artificial side slope 17, the rainfall height and the rainfall range of the liftable rainfall simulation device 4, the height and the runoff section width of the runoff simulation device 5, the height of the water level simulation device 6, the height of the sliding push plate 15 and the like are adjusted;

step S2, according to the size of the set artificial side slope 17, starting the electric push rod device 13 to push the sliding push plate 15 to slide to the corresponding position of the width of the set artificial side slope 17 along the first slide rail 16; operating a material conveying funnel 30, a second pulley assembly 31 and a fourth sliding rail 32 to convey soil materials required by stacking the artificial side slope 17 into the first water tank 1 and complete the stacking, and simultaneously burying a plurality of groups of first data acquisition equipment at different positions in the slope; after the pile slope is finished, pushing the push-pull partition plate 20 until the first water tank 1 and the second water tank 2 are completely separated, and sealing the periphery of the first water tank 1 at the moment; opening the side door device 22 to enable the lifting side door 223 of the side, close to the slideway simulating device 25, of the second water tank 2 to rise to the position with the same height as the main body frame of the second water tank 2, and sealing the periphery of the second water tank 2;

Step S3, which is the same as step S4 in the simulation of the rainfall induced landslide unstability process without the reservoir water level in the previous scheme, is not repeated here;

s4, storing water into the closed first water tank 1 according to the preset water level height of the reservoir, and maintaining the water level in the first water tank 1 at a certain constant height after the water storage is completed;

step S5, when the test starts, the water pump 12 arranged on the rainfall water supply pipe 7 is started, the rainfall flowmeter 8 is regulated according to the rainfall intensity set by the test, water is supplied to the liftable rainfall simulation device 4 through the water supply tank 33, meanwhile, the water pump 12 arranged on the runoff water supply pipe 9 is started, the runoff flowmeter 10 is regulated according to the runoff flow set by the test, water is supplied to the runoff simulation device 5 through the water supply tank 33, and the redundant water entering the water tank through the liftable rainfall simulation device 4 and the runoff simulation device 5 can flow back to the water supply tank 33 through the water return pipe 606 in the water level simulation device 6 so as to maintain the constant water level in the whole rainfall test process;

step S6, starting equipment facing the first water tank 1 and a second shooting assembly 182 in the first shooting assembly 181, and shooting and recording the whole process of instability of the slope surface under the combined action of rainfall and runoff; the second shooting component 182 is positioned in front of the front view of the first water tank 1, shoots and records the slope side change process, and obtains shooting data;

Step S7, in the test process, the liftable rainfall simulation device 4 and the runoff simulation device 5 are kept in an open state all the time, the artificial side slope 17 is subjected to landslide instability under the combined action of rainfall and runoff to be flushed into water, first data in the slope body are recorded through first data acquisition equipment, and second data change of surge excited by the water entering of the unstable slope body is recorded through second data acquisition equipment;

and S8, after the test is finished, removing the glass cover plate 21, slowly pulling the push-pull partition plate 20 until the first water tank 1 is communicated with the second water tank 2, enabling the soil-water mixture to enter the second water tank 2 from the first water tank 1, enabling the soil-water mixture to flow into the material collecting tank 34 through the opening at the bottom of the second water tank 2, further separating the material from water flow in the material collecting tank 34 by the filter tank 341 and the grit chamber 342, enabling the water flow to finally flow back to the water supply tank 33 from the water outlet 347 of the grit chamber, taking out each layer of sand sample separating screen plate 344, recycling the material, and enabling water in the water supply tank 33 to be used for the next test or to be discharged through the drain pipe 36 at the bottom of the tank.

When the sliding body enters water to excite the simulation of the surging process, the method comprises the following steps:

step S1, assembling the landslide body water-inflow surge simulation unit, and adjusting the states of all the components in the test system according to the test requirements, including but not limited to: the sliding surface shape and the height of a sliding platform 255 in the sliding-way simulation device 25 are adjusted according to the test requirements, and the sliding body simulates the sliding distance, the initial height, the water inlet angle, the water inlet position and the like of the material 27;

Step S2, pushing the push-pull separation plate 20 until the cavities of the first water tank 1 and the second water tank 2 are completely separated, covering the rectangular glass cover plate 21, opening the side door device 22, and enabling the lifting side door 223 of the second water tank 2, which is close to one side of the slideway simulating device 25, to rise to the bottom of the water inlet end of the slideway platform 255;

step S4, rapidly storing water to the second water tank 2 to a preset water level through the water pipe 38 of the second water tank 2 and the water pump 12, simultaneously operating a hand winch on the first pulley assembly 28 to pull the charging trolley 26 to an initial sliding position, operating the material conveying funnel 30 and the second pulley assembly 31, and putting the sliding body simulation material 27 into the charging trolley 26;

s5, starting a belt conveying device, and adjusting the rotation speed of each section of belt to a preset value;

step S6, starting equipment facing the second water tank 2 in the first shooting assembly 181 and a third shooting assembly 183, shooting and recording the whole process of the sliding body simulation material 27 after entering water to excite the surge; the third shooting component 183 is positioned in front of the second water tank 2, shoots and records the surge side face change process, and obtains shooting data;

Step S7, after the water storage of the second water tank 2 is completed, opening a pneumatic control cabin door 262 of the charging trolley 26, so that the sliding body simulation material 27 slides into the second water tank 2 through the slideway platform 255, and further, the surge is excited, and the second data change of the surge excited by the sliding body water is recorded through the second data acquisition equipment;

and S8, after the test is finished, slowly opening the glass cover plate 21, enabling the soil-water mixture to flow into the collecting tank 34 from the bottom opening of the second water tank 2, further separating the material from water flow in the filtering tank 341 and the grit chamber 342 in the collecting tank 34, enabling the water flow to finally flow back to the water supply tank 33 from the water outlet 347 of the grit chamber, taking out each layer of sand sample separating screen plate 344, recycling the material, and enabling water in the water supply tank 33 to be used for the next test or discharged through the water drain pipe 36 at the bottom of the tank.

When simultaneously simulating a rainfall-induced landslide instability process under a reservoir water level and a landslide water-in-water-induced surge process of a sliding body, the method comprises the following steps:

step S1, assembling the multifunctional rainfall landslide simulation test system, and adjusting the states of all components in the test system according to test requirements, wherein the steps comprise the adjustment operation of step S1 in the constant reservoir water level rainfall induced landslide instability process simulation and the landslide water-in induced surging process simulation in the previous embodiment;

Step S2, according to the size of the set artificial side slope 17, starting the electric push rod device 13 to push the sliding push plate 15 to slide to the corresponding position of the width of the set artificial side slope 17 along the first slide rail 16; operating a material conveying funnel 30, a second pulley assembly 31 and a fourth sliding rail 32 to convey soil materials required by piling the artificial side slope 17 into the water tank and complete the piling, and simultaneously burying a plurality of groups of first data acquisition equipment at different positions in the side slope;

step S3, pushing the push-pull separation plate 20 until the cavities of the first water tank 1 and the second water tank 2 are completely separated, covering the rectangular glass cover plate 21, opening the side door device 22, and enabling the lifting side door 223 of the second water tank 2, which is close to one side of the slideway simulating device 25, to rise to the bottom of the water inlet end of the slideway platform 255;

step S4, which is the same as step S4 in the simulation of the rainfall induced landslide instability process without reservoir water level, is not repeated here;

step S5, according to the preset water level, adopting the step S4 of carrying out the simulation of the rainfall induced landslide instability process under the constant reservoir water level and the simulation of the water-in-slip induced surge process of the slip mass in the previous embodiment, and simultaneously storing water in the first water tank 1 and the second water tank 2;

step S6, according to the steps S5-S7 in the simulation of the constant reservoir water level rainfall induced landslide unsteading process and the simulation of the landslide water-in induced surging process, and simultaneously, the simulation test of the reservoir water level rainfall induced landslide unsteading process and the landslide water-in induced surging process is carried out;

And S7, after the test is finished, the push-pull partition plate 20 is slowly pulled to be communicated with the first water tank 1 and the second water tank 2, the glass cover plate 21 is slowly opened, the soil-water mixture materials in the first water tank 1 and the second water tank 2 flow into the material collecting tank 34 through the bottom opening of the second water tank 2, the material and the water flow are further separated from each other by the filter tank 341 and the grit chamber 342 in the material collecting tank 34, the water flow finally flows back to the water supply tank 33 from the water outlet 347 of the grit chamber, the sand sample separating sieve plate 344 of each layer is taken out, the material is recovered, and the water in the water supply tank 33 can be used for the next test, and the water can be discharged through the drain pipe 36 at the bottom of the tank.

In the above embodiments, the first shooting component, the second shooting component and the third shooting component include, but are not limited to, a high-definition video camera, a high-speed camera, a three-dimensional laser scanner and the like, and the shooting data includes, but is not limited to, high-definition image data, slope body destruction morphological feature point cloud data; the first data acquisition equipment comprises, but is not limited to, a water content sensor, a pore water pressure sensor, a matrix suction sensor and the like, and the first data comprises, but is not limited to, acquisition data of each sensor and the like; the second data acquisition equipment comprises, but is not limited to, a wave height meter, a particle image velocimeter and the like, and the second data comprises, but is not limited to, a wave shape, wave height characteristic data, a slope sliding displacement field, fluid velocity field characteristic data and the like; in addition, in all the foregoing steps, the second data acquisition device may be, but is not limited to being, disposed at any position of the first and second water tanks so as to acquire the second data more comprehensively; the shooting components, the data acquisition equipment and the like are all existing equipment, and the PC is used for receiving data acquired by the shooting components and the data acquisition equipment.

The numerical simulation research of the rainfall induced landslide unstability process and the landslide body water-in induced surge process can be performed by using the shooting data, the first data and the second data, and the specific means of the numerical simulation research are the prior knowledge and are not repeated here.

In addition, besides the above embodiments, by adjusting the states of some components in the test system, other extended test functions can be realized, including but not limited to, performing tests of influence of the water level elevation fluctuation of the rainfall-induced reservoir on the landslide instability process and mode difference under different sliding surface forms (such as circular arc-shaped, plane-shaped and stepped sliding surfaces); the relative positions of the sliding push plate and the push-pull partition plate are changed, so that the first water tank is changed into a simulated river channel with variable width, a dam blocking and blocking simulation body can be piled up in the simulated river channel, the second water tank is communicated with the first water tank to store water so as to simulate a dam blocking lake, and meanwhile, a slide way simulation device is matched to develop a dam break test caused by water entering and surge of the high-speed landslide body under different slide surface forms; or under the condition that the first water tank and the second water tank are communicated and water is not supplied, a series of building models are distributed in the water tanks, and a rainfall landslide simulation system or a landslide body water-entering surge simulation system is matched to develop landslide body impact building simulation tests under different landslide surface forms and the like.

The technical effects of the present embodiment can be derived by referring to the technical effects of the first embodiment, and will not be described herein.

In summary, the embodiment of the invention provides a multifunctional rainfall landslide simulation test system and a multifunctional rainfall landslide simulation test method, wherein a first water tank of a rainfall landslide simulation unit and a second water tank of a surge simulation unit are communicated through a partition plate, landslide working conditions can be simulated by utilizing a landslide platform, a landslide can be simulated by sliding a landslide simulation material into the second water tank through a slide way simulation device and a side door device, the disclosure of surge can be simulated, water is supplied to a rainfall simulation mechanism of the rainfall landslide simulation unit through a circulating water supply unit, water flows back to a water supply tank through a material collecting tank through the second water tank, water recycling is realized, the rainfall landslide simulation unit and the surge simulation unit are coupled together to be mutually matched for use, meanwhile, the aim of simulating the processes of rainfall induced landslide instability and high-speed water inflow and surge under the coupling effect of various working conditions can be realized, and the decomposition simulation of a plurality of physical processes in a single test device under the coupling effect of various working conditions can be realized, and the space utilization rate is high.

The foregoing is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that modifications and substitutions can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the technical principles of the present invention, and these modifications and substitutions should also be considered as being within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. The multifunctional rainfall landslide simulation test system is characterized by comprising a rainfall landslide simulation unit, a surge simulation unit and a circulating water supply unit;

the circulating water supply unit comprises a water supply tank and a collecting tank communicated with the water supply tank, the bottom of the second water tank is communicated with the collecting tank, the water supply tank is communicated with the rainfall simulation mechanism through a pipeline,

The system also comprises a runoff simulation device which is arranged at the top end of the landslide simulation platform and comprises a runoff main pipe communicated with the water supply tank, a plurality of runoff dispersion pipes which are arranged at intervals and communicated with the runoff main pipe and a converging inclined plate which is arranged at the bottom of the runoff dispersion pipes, wherein the height of the runoff main pipe is adjustable, runoff control valves are arranged on the runoff main pipes between two adjacent runoff dispersion pipes,

the water level simulator comprises a water level control box, a water storage pipe, a communicating pipe and a water return pipe, wherein the water level control box is arranged on one side of the first water tank in a lifting mode, the water level control box is internally divided into a first cavity and a second cavity through a vertical water flow separation plate, a gap is reserved between the top end of the water flow separation plate and the water level control box so as to be communicated with the first cavity and the second cavity, the water storage pipe is connected between the water supply tank and the first cavity, the communicating pipe is connected between the first cavity and the first water tank, and the water return pipe is connected between the second cavity and the water supply tank.

2. The multifunctional rainfall landslide simulation test system of claim 1, wherein the landslide simulation platform comprises a telescopic flat plate and a movable supporting base mechanism, a plurality of groups of telescopic flat plates are arranged side by side, two adjacent groups of telescopic flat plates are hinged, the telescopic flat plates are square hollow plates which can be telescopic along the direction perpendicular to the side by side direction, and the movable supporting base mechanism is arranged at the bottom of a telescopic part of each telescopic flat plate;

3. The multifunctional rainfall landslide simulation test system of claim 2, wherein the rainfall landslide simulation unit further comprises a sliding push plate arranged in the first water tank and an electric push rod device for driving the sliding push plate to move along the telescopic direction of the telescopic flat plate, the sliding push plate is a vertically telescopic square hollow plate, the electric push rod device comprises a first supporting platform and horizontal telescopic rods vertically and slidably assembled on the first supporting platform, at least two horizontal telescopic rods are vertically arranged at intervals, and each telescopic part of the sliding push plate is connected with the horizontal telescopic rod.

4. A multi-functional rainfall landslide simulation test system according to any one of claims 1-3, wherein the rainfall simulation mechanism comprises a rainfall bracket and a liftable rainfall simulation device, the rainfall bracket is fixedly arranged at the top of the first water tank, the liftable rainfall simulation device is fixedly arranged at the top of the rainfall bracket, the liftable rainfall simulation device comprises a lifting control platform, a lifting shear rest electrically connected with the lifting control platform, and a plurality of precipitation pipes fixed on the lifting shear rest, a plurality of rainfall spray heads are uniformly arranged on each precipitation pipe, and each precipitation pipe is communicated with the circulating water supply unit.

5. A multi-functional rainfall landslide simulation test system according to any one of claims 1-3 and wherein the slideway simulation device comprises a second supporting platform, a horizontal supporting base and a belt conveying device, wherein the belt conveying devices are sequentially arranged in the length direction of the slideway, each group of belt conveying devices are mutually independent and form a slideway platform, and two adjacent groups of belt conveying devices are hinged through an arc-shaped connecting sheet;

6. A multi-functional rainfall landslide simulation test system according to any one of claims 1-3, wherein the surge simulation unit further comprises a material conveying mechanism, the material conveying mechanism comprises a charging trolley, a material conveying hopper, a first pulley assembly, a second pulley assembly, a third sliding rail and a fourth sliding rail, the charging trolley is used for carrying and releasing sliding body simulation materials, the third sliding rail extends along the width direction of a sliding rail platform, the first pulley assembly is slidingly assembled on the third sliding rail, a hand winch is arranged on the first pulley assembly, and a pull wire used for being connected with a small charging hook hanger is wound on the hand winch;

7. A multi-functional rainfall landslide simulation test system according to any one of claims 1-3 and wherein a vertically arranged partition plate is arranged in the material collecting tank, and the partition plate divides the material collecting tank into a filtering tank and a sand setting tank along the horizontal direction;

8. A multifunctional rainfall landslide simulation test method adopting the multifunctional rainfall landslide simulation test system of any one of claims 1-7, characterized by comprising the following steps: