CN114322831B - High-precision measurement device and measurement method for size of complex structure - Google Patents
High-precision measurement device and measurement method for size of complex structure Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a high-precision measuring device and a measuring method for the size of a complex structure, which belong to the technical field of optical measurement, and are used for the high-precision measurement, and the self-adaptive parallel backlight structure comprises a self-adaptive parallel backlight structure body, wherein the self-adaptive parallel backlight structure body comprises an LED light source plate, a shaping grating is arranged above the LED light source plate, an insulating fixed plate is arranged below the LED light source plate at intervals, n reverse piezoelectric actuators for adjusting the azimuth of the LED light source plate are arranged between the LED light source plate and the insulating fixed plate, wherein n is more than or equal to 2, the reverse piezoelectric actuators are electrically connected with a digital power supply controller, and the n reverse piezoelectric actuators are connected in parallel; the invention forms a space adjusting tool by using 5 groups of reverse piezoelectric actuators, can randomly adjust the space position of the parallel backlight source normal phase surface, does not need to accurately position a measured object, only needs to be placed on one parallel transparent glass, and has simple operation and safe and convenient use.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of optical measurement, in particular to a device and a method for measuring the size of a complex structure with high precision.
Background
Along with technological progress and acceleration of industrial modernization progress, mechanical equipment is developing toward large-scale, high-efficiency, precise and continuous production in order to more effectively improve production efficiency and quality of products and meet modernization requirements. Along with the development of the modernization of mechanical equipment, the structure of the equipment also presents a complicating trend, and parts adopted in the equipment also present complicating and refining, on one hand, the manufacturing precision of the equipment directly influences the performance of the whole machine after assembly; on the other hand, if the accuracy error is large, a catastrophic accident may be caused. Therefore, the method has important significance for measurement and research of the dimensional accuracy of the complex structure.
At present, a backlight source is required to improve the detection precision for the detection of the outline type dimensional precision of the complex geometric part in the market, but common backlight sources are required to be manually adjusted by detection personnel according to the needs, so that the requirement on experience is high, and meanwhile, the detection difficulty is increased by manual operation.
For complex mechanical parts, the geometric features of the parts may include holes, planes, cambered surfaces, angles and other geometric features or a combination of single geometric features, and the backlight adjustment of the common detection equipment is difficult, and the detection accuracy is seriously affected, so that a backlight equipment which is easy and convenient to operate, has self-adaptive adjustment of the angle of the light source and is low in cost is required to be found.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of this, the invention provides a device and a method for measuring the size of a complex structure with high precision, which uses 5 sets of reverse piezoelectric actuators to form a space adjusting tool, can randomly adjust the space position of the parallel backlight source method phase, and the measured object is not required to be precisely positioned and only needs to be placed on a parallel transparent glass, so that the operation is simple, and the use is safe and convenient.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a high-precision measuring device for the size of a complex structure body, which comprises a self-adaptive parallel backlight source structure body, wherein the self-adaptive parallel backlight source structure body comprises an LED light source plate, a shaping grating is arranged above the LED light source plate, an insulating fixing plate is arranged below the LED light source plate at intervals, n reverse piezoelectric actuators for adjusting the azimuth of the LED light source plate are arranged between the LED light source plate and the insulating fixing plate, wherein n is more than or equal to 2, the reverse piezoelectric actuators are electrically connected with a digital power supply controller, and the n reverse piezoelectric actuators are connected in parallel.
Furthermore, a transparent glass for placing the object to be measured is arranged above the self-adaptive parallel backlight source structure body in a spacing way, and an optocoupler sensor is arranged above the transparent glass in a spacing way.
Further, the reverse piezoelectric actuator comprises a plurality of reverse piezoelectric sheets which are vertically arranged, and an insulating layer is arranged between every two adjacent reverse piezoelectric sheets.
Further, the LED light source plate comprises LED light source array lamp beads and an insulating carbon fiber rigid back plate.
A measuring method of a high-precision measuring device for the size of a complex structure body comprises the following steps:
(1) Placing an object to be tested above the light-transmitting glass, wherein the optical coupler sensor is positioned above the object to be tested, and the self-adaptive parallel backlight source structure body is positioned below the object to be tested;
(2) The self-adaptive parallel backlight source structure body is utilized to start measurement, the initial state self-adaptive parallel backlight source structure body is at a relative zero position, at the moment, the optical coupler sensor receives optical signals, and the measured outline of the measured object is not accurately positioned, so that H calculated by the optical coupler sensor cannot accurately reflect the dimensional accuracy of the measured outline of the measured object;
(3) The digital power supply controller sends digital instructions to the 5 reverse piezoelectric actuators, so that the self-adaptive parallel backlight source structure body adjusts the azimuth according to the space angle, and the space angle resolving mode is as follows: and (3) circularly stepping the numerical value of the voltage by theta and alpha to complete the omnibearing coverage of the normal surface of the backlight source, and remembering the azimuth position when the H value reaches the minimum value to complete the measurement of the measured size.
Further, the algorithm of the spatial angle solving mode in the step (3), that is, determining the final azimuth position of the LED light source board is as follows:
(a) Setting the initial dynamic coordinate system of the normal plane of the light source as (x, y, z), and setting the equations of the 5 reverse piezoelectric actuators as ：(x1,y1,z1)、(x2,y2,z2)、(x3,y3,z3)、(x4,y4,z4)、(x5,y5,z5), normal plane equations respectively as follows:
ax+by+cz+d＝0
(b) Constructing a space plane equation by using 5 points, and obtaining a plane initial equation according to the traditional space transformation coordinates, wherein the plane initial equation is as follows:
a0x+b0y+c0z+d0＝0
(c) The vector radius is calculated as follows:
wherein: k0 is denoted as an initial value.
(D) The two spatial rotation angles are defined as dual spatial nested functions, set as:
θ=θ i +Δi (Δi=Δp+mi) and α=α j +Δj (Δj=Δq+nj)
Wherein:
θ i and α j are initial spatial angle values, and the electronic digitization forms are M+00 and N+00;
Δi and Δj are cyclic stepping spatial angle values, Δp and Δq are initial cyclic stepping spatial angle values, mi and nj are cyclic stepping spatial angle stepping values, each initial value is calibrated by each light source to give a specific value, mi and nj are set as increment M+01 and n+01 respectively, and each subdivision value represents a spatial subdivision angle conversion value.
(E) Constructing an optical coupler sensor detection numerical function:
wherein: Acquired by an image algorithm and converted into a vector form;
And then reconstructing a novel space normal plane equation vector form as follows:
Wherein ：xp＝Rkpcosθcosα,yp＝Rkpcosθsinα,zp＝Rkpsinθ,P＝(0,1,2,3...) is the number of step iterations,
The formula starts iterative computation with p=0 until Δp=p v+1-pv reaches the minimum value, and the iteration of the formula is ended, wherein v is the v-th iteration period, so as to obtain a target equation, namely, the value of step a, b, c, d is obtained, the target equation expressed in the step (a) is determined, and then the final azimuth position of the LED light source plate (11) is determined.
The technical scheme of the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. The invention forms a space adjusting tool by using 5 groups of reverse piezoelectric actuators, and can randomly adjust the space position of a parallel backlight source method phase surface, wherein the reverse piezoelectric actuators comprise laminated reverse piezoelectric sheets, and can complete the established volume expansion and compression through digital electronic signal control, thereby achieving the purpose of freely adjusting the height, and the reverse piezoelectric sheets are made of graphene materials, can complete charge and discharge, and the volume can be accompanied with the expansion and compression of equivalent linear relation in the charge and discharge process.
2. The self-adaptive parallel backlight source structure body can automatically adjust the angle of the emitted parallel light, the measured object can be used for detecting the geometric dimension of the measured object without accurate positioning, the dimension detection precision can reach the micrometer level, the operation is simple, and the use is safe and convenient.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a self-adaptive parallel backlight structure according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the structural distribution of an LED light source board and a reverse piezoelectric actuator in the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a reverse piezoelectric actuator of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the operation of the present invention;
FIG. 6 shows the test results of an embodiment of the present invention.
1. Self-adaptive parallel backlight source structure body; 10. shaping the grating; 11. an LED light source board; 12. a reverse piezoelectric actuator; 121. an insulating layer; 122. a reverse piezoelectric sheet; 13. an insulating fixing plate; 14. a digital power supply controller.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more clear, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to fig. 1 to 6 of the embodiments of the present invention. It will be apparent that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which are obtained by a person skilled in the art based on the described embodiments of the invention, fall within the scope of protection of the invention.
As shown in fig. 1-4:
the utility model provides a complex structure body size high accuracy measuring device, includes self-adaptation parallel backlight structure body, self-adaptation parallel backlight structure body includes LED light source board 11, the top of LED light source board 11 is equipped with plastic grating 10, the below of LED light source board 11 separates the space and is equipped with insulating fixed plate 13, be equipped with n reverse piezoelectricity touch-device 12 that are used for adjusting LED light source board 11 position between LED light source board 11 and the insulating fixed plate 13, wherein, n is greater than or equal to 2, reverse piezoelectricity touch-device 12 is connected with digital power supply controller 14 electricity, is parallelly connected between n reverse piezoelectricity touch-device 12.
The reverse piezoelectric actuator 12 includes a plurality of reverse piezoelectric plates 122 vertically arranged, and an insulating layer 121 is disposed between adjacent reverse piezoelectric plates 122.
The reverse piezoelectric actuator 12 is formed by stacking reverse piezoelectric plates 122, and can complete the predetermined volume expansion and compression by digital electronic signal control, thereby achieving the purpose of freely adjusting the height.
The reverse piezoelectric plate 122 is made of graphene material, and can complete charge and discharge, and the volume is expanded and compressed along with the equivalent linear relationship in the charge and discharge process.
The shaping grating 10 is used for shaping the LED light source plate 11 into parallel light.
Wherein, the insulating fixing plate 13 is composed of an insulating carbon fiber rigid back plate.
The digital power controller 14 provides digital control signals that precisely control the amount of volumetric expansion of each of the inverse piezoelectric actuators 12.
Wherein, a transparent glass 2 for placing the object to be measured is arranged above the self-adaptive parallel backlight source structure body 1 at intervals, and an optocoupler sensor 4 is arranged above the transparent glass 2 at intervals; the optocoupler sensor 4 is used for receiving an optical signal.
The LED light source plate 11 comprises LED light source array lamp beads and an insulating carbon fiber rigid back plate.
As shown in fig. 1-6:
A measuring method of a high-precision measuring device for the size of a complex structure body comprises the following steps:
(1) Placing an object gear to be measured above the light-transmitting glass 2, namely on the surface of the parallel optical glass, wherein the optocoupler sensor 4 is positioned above the object gear to be measured, and the self-adaptive parallel backlight source structure body 1 is positioned below the object gear to be measured;
(2) The self-adaptive parallel backlight source structure body 1 is utilized to start measurement, the initial state self-adaptive parallel backlight source structure body 1 is at a relative zero position, at the moment, the optical coupler sensor 4 receives optical signals, and the measured outline of the measured object is not accurately positioned, so that H calculated by the optical coupler sensor 4 cannot accurately reflect the dimensional accuracy of the measured outline of the measured object;
(3) The digital power supply controller 14 sends digital instructions to the 5 reverse piezoelectric contactors 12, so that the self-adaptive parallel backlight source structure body 1 adjusts the azimuth according to the space angle, and the space angle calculating mode is as follows: and (3) circularly stepping the numerical value of the voltage by theta and alpha to complete the omnibearing coverage of the normal surface of the backlight source, and remembering the azimuth position when the H value reaches the minimum value to complete the measurement of the measured size.
The algorithm of the spatial angle calculation method in the step (3), that is, determining the final azimuth position of the LED light source board 11, is as follows:
(a) Setting the initial dynamic coordinate system of the normal plane of the light source as (x, y, z), and setting the equations of the 5 reverse piezoelectric actuators as ：(x1,y1,z1)、(x2,y2,z2)、(x3,y3,z3)、(x4,y4,z4)、(x5,y5,z5), normal plane equations respectively as follows:
ax+by+cz+d＝0
(b) Constructing a space plane equation by using 5 points, and obtaining a plane initial equation according to the traditional space transformation coordinates, wherein the plane initial equation is as follows:
a0x+b0y+c0z+d0＝0
(c) The vector radius is calculated as follows:
wherein: k0 is denoted as an initial value.
(D) The two spatial rotation angles are defined as dual spatial nested functions, set as:
θ=θ i +Δi (Δi=Δp+mi) and α=αj+Δj (Δj=Δq+nj)
Wherein:
θ i and α j are initial spatial angle values, and the electronic digitization forms are M+00 and N+00;
Δi and Δj are cyclic stepping spatial angle values, Δp and Δq are initial cyclic stepping spatial angle values, mi and nj are cyclic stepping spatial angle stepping values, each initial value is calibrated by each light source to give a specific value, mi and nj are set as increment M+01 and n+01 respectively, and each subdivision value represents a spatial subdivision angle conversion value.
(E) Constructing an optical coupler sensor detection numerical function:
wherein: Acquired by an image algorithm and converted into a vector form;
And then reconstructing a novel space normal plane equation vector form as follows:
wherein ：xp＝Rkpcosθcosα,yp＝Rkpcosθsinα,zp＝Rkpsinθ,P＝(0,1,2,3...) is the number of step iterations,
The formula starts iterative computation with p=0 until Δp=p v+1-pv reaches the minimum value, and the iteration of the formula is ended, wherein v is the v-th iteration period, so as to obtain a target equation, namely, the value of step a, b, c, d is obtained, the target equation expressed in the step (a) is determined, and then the final azimuth position of the LED light source plate (11) is determined.
As shown in FIG. 6, the embodiment is used for measuring the common normal length of the gear, and the detection precision can reach 0.002mm.
When the parallel backlight source is used for contour detection, the workpiece is required to be accurately positioned, the detected contour is required to be vertical to the backlight source, and the micrometer-level detection precision can be achieved.
In the present invention, unless explicitly specified and defined otherwise, for example, it may be fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally formed; can be mechanically or electrically connected; either directly or indirectly through intermediaries, or in communication with each other or in interaction with each other, unless explicitly defined otherwise, the meaning of the terms described above in this application will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art in view of the specific circumstances.
While the foregoing is directed to the preferred embodiments of the present invention, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various modifications and adaptations can be made without departing from the principles of the present invention, and such modifications and adaptations are intended to be comprehended within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. A high-precision measuring device for the size of a complex structure is characterized in that: the self-adaptive parallel backlight source structure comprises a self-adaptive parallel backlight source structure body (1), wherein light-transmitting glass (2) for placing a tested object is arranged above the self-adaptive parallel backlight source structure body (1) at intervals, and an optocoupler sensor (4) is arranged above the light-transmitting glass (2) at intervals;
the self-adaptive parallel backlight source structure body (1) comprises an LED light source plate (11), a shaping grating (10) is arranged above the LED light source plate (11), an insulating fixed plate (13) is arranged below the LED light source plate (11) at intervals, n reverse piezoelectric actuators (12) for adjusting the direction of the LED light source plate (11) are arranged between the LED light source plate (11) and the insulating fixed plate (13), wherein n is more than or equal to 2, the reverse piezoelectric actuators (12) are electrically connected with a digital power supply controller (14), and the n reverse piezoelectric actuators (12) are connected in parallel;
The reverse piezoelectric actuator (12) comprises a plurality of reverse piezoelectric sheets (122) which are vertically arranged, and an insulating layer (121) is arranged between every two adjacent reverse piezoelectric sheets (122);
The LED light source plate (11) comprises an LED light source array lamp bead and an insulating carbon fiber rigid back plate;
the measuring method of the device for measuring the size of the complex structure with high precision comprises the following steps:
(1) Placing an object to be tested above the light-transmitting glass (2), wherein the optical coupler sensor (4) is positioned above the object to be tested, and the self-adaptive parallel backlight source structure body (1) is positioned below the object to be tested;
(2) The self-adaptive parallel backlight source structure body (1) is utilized to start measurement, the initial state self-adaptive parallel backlight source structure body (1) is at a relative zero position, at the moment, the optical coupler sensor (4) receives optical signals, and the measured outline of the measured object is not accurately positioned, so that H calculated by the optical coupler sensor (4) cannot accurately reflect the dimensional accuracy of the measured outline of the measured object;
(3) The digital power supply controller (14) sends digital instructions to the 5 reverse piezoelectric contactors (12), so that the self-adaptive parallel backlight source structure body (1) adjusts the azimuth according to the space angle, and the space angle calculating mode is as follows: the theta and alpha cyclic stepping digital voltage value is increased to complete the omnibearing coverage of the normal surface of the backlight source, and when the H value reaches the minimum value, the azimuth position is remembered to complete the measurement of the measured size;
The spatial angle solving mode in the step (3), namely an algorithm for determining the final azimuth position of the LED light source plate (11), is as follows:
(a) Setting the initial dynamic coordinate system of the light source normal plane as The equations for the 5 reverse piezoelectric actuators are then set as:、、、、 the normal plane equation is:
(b) Constructing a space plane equation by using 5 points, and obtaining a plane initial equation according to the traditional space transformation coordinates, wherein the plane initial equation is as follows:
(c) The vector radius is calculated as follows:
wherein: Expressed as an initial value;
(d) The two spatial rotation angles are defined as dual spatial nested functions, set as:
And (3) with
Wherein:
And (3) with For initial spatial angle values, the electronic digitization is of the formAnd (3) with；
And (3) withFor the cyclic stepping of the spatial angle values,And (3) withFor the initial cyclic stepping of the spatial angle value,And (3) withFor circularly stepping the space angle step value, each initial value is calibrated by each light source to give a specific value,And (3) withRespectively set as incrementAnd (3) withEach subdivision value represents a spatial subdivision angle transform value;
(e) Constructing an optical coupler sensor detection numerical function:
wherein: Acquired by an image algorithm and converted into a vector form;
And then reconstructing a novel space normal plane equation vector form as follows:
wherein: ，，， For the step-and-repeat value,
Formula toStarting the iterative calculation untilAt a minimum, the equation iteration ends, where,Is the firstAnd (3) repeating the cycle for a plurality of times, further solving a target equation, namely solving a value of the step a, b, c, d, determining the target equation expressed in the step (a), and further determining the final azimuth position of the LED light source plate (11).
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| JP2002214544A (en) * | 2000-11-20 | 2002-07-31 | Sony Corp | Optical modulator, optical modulation element and method of manufacturing the same, and projection system |
| CN203405174U (en) * | 2013-07-31 | 2014-01-22 | 北京精雕科技有限公司 | A machine vision on-machine measuring system equipped with backlight sources |
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| JP2011237281A (en) * | 2010-05-11 | 2011-11-24 | Seiko Epson Corp | Method and system for measuring piezoelectric characteristic |
| CN103499297B (en) * | 2013-10-25 | 2016-01-13 | 爱科维申科技（天津）有限公司 | A kind of high-precision measuring method based on CCD |
| EP3290879B1 (en) * | 2015-04-28 | 2023-10-11 | Panasonic Holdings Corporation | Spectroscopic module control method |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| JP2002214544A (en) * | 2000-11-20 | 2002-07-31 | Sony Corp | Optical modulator, optical modulation element and method of manufacturing the same, and projection system |
| CN203405174U (en) * | 2013-07-31 | 2014-01-22 | 北京精雕科技有限公司 | A machine vision on-machine measuring system equipped with backlight sources |
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