CN114306301A - 精氨酸酶抑制剂、其药物组合物及用途 - Google Patents
精氨酸酶抑制剂、其药物组合物及用途 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种精氨酸酶抑制剂、其药物组合物及用途。本发明的精氨酸酶抑制剂选自香草酸、圣草酚、红景天苷、络塞定、红景天素、对香豆酸和没食子酸乙酯中的任意一种或几种化合物,或上述化合物在药学上可接受的盐、立体异构体、互变异构体、同位素或前药,与药学上可接受的辅料能够组成药物组合物,可用于制备治疗或预防个体中与精氨酸酶I、精氨酸酶II或其组合的表达或活性有关的疾病、病症或病状的药物。本发明的精氨酸酶抑制剂对精氨酸酶I和精氨酸酶II具有较强的抑制率,作为强效的和选择性的精氨酸酶抑制剂,通过单一药剂或与逆转其他免疫抑制机制的疗法组合方式来逆转免疫抑制并重新激活患者的抗癌免疫。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及药物技术领域,特别是涉及一种精氨酸酶抑制剂、其药物组合物及用途。
背景技术
精氨酸酶是催化L-精氨酸转化为尿素和L-鸟氨酸的锰金属酶。精氨酸酶有两种同工酶:精氨酸酶I和精氨酸酶II,精氨酸酶I存在于肝脏,为精氨酸酶的主要类型;精氨酸酶II存在于肝外组织,含量较少。虽然这两种同工酶由不同基因编码,但是结构相似,氨基酸残基的同源性超过50%,在催化L-精氨酸代谢功能关键区域具有100%的同源性。
目前一氧化氮(NO)被公认为是血管舒张因子之一。NO的前体是L-精氨酸,L-精氨酸也是eNOS的底物。当精氨酸酶的活性增强时,它可以与eNOS竞争其共同底物L-精氨酸。过多的精氨酸酶会进一步引起血管内皮NO生物利用度降低,引起内皮细胞功能障碍,并进一步引发各类疾病的发生,包括高血压、动脉粥样硬化、勃起机能障碍、心肌缺血/再灌注损伤、糖尿病血管病变以及衰老。此外,过多的精氨酸酶也与其他病理学病症有关,包括哮喘、肺慢性阻塞性疾病、类风湿性关节炎、肾衰竭以及某些癌症等。已证实精氨酸酶活性的药理学抑制可逆转动物模型中低L-精氨酸诱导的免疫抑制。因此,需要强效的和选择性的精氨酸酶抑制剂,作为单一药剂或与逆转其他免疫抑制机制的疗法组合来逆转免疫抑制并重新激活患者的抗癌免疫。
目前,已通过化学合成手段获得了精氨酸酶抑制剂,但存在安全性差、生物利用度不佳等问题。因此,在面对如何治疗或预防个体中与精氨酸酶I、精氨酸酶II或其组合的表达或活性有关的疾病、病症或病状这一问题时,以天然产物作为主要来源,从中发现更为安全的精氨酸酶抑制剂就成为潜在的研究方向。
发明内容
基于现有技术中存在的问题,有必要针对目前精氨酸酶抑制剂活性欠佳,药物制备和用药成本较高,治疗便利性不足的问题,提供一种以天然产物为来源的新型精氨酸酶抑制剂。
天然产物结构类型多样,数量繁多。本发明以具有心血管保护作用的药用植物为研究对象,对其化学成分的精氨酸酶抑制活性进行大量筛选,获得具有精氨酸酶抑制活性的化合物香草酸、圣草酚、红景天苷、络塞定、红景天素、对香豆酸。
本发明所述抑制剂的活性成分选自香草酸、圣草酚、红景天苷、络塞定、红景天素、对香豆酸中的任意一种或几种化合物,或上述化合物在药学上可接受的盐、立体异构体、互变异构体、同位素或前药。
上述化合物的结构式如表1所示:
表1精氨酸酶抑制的种类及结构
本发明还涉及一种含有精氨酸酶抑制剂的药物组合物,所述药物组合物由治疗有效量的如前所述的精氨酸酶抑制剂和药学上可接受的辅料组成。
该药物组合物给药途径可为经胃肠道或非经胃肠道,如口服、肺、鼻腔、皮下、舌下、皮肤、肌肉、直肠等,优选口服给药。
该药物组合物的给药剂型可以是液体剂型、固体剂型或半固体剂型。液体剂型可以是溶液剂、乳剂、混悬剂、注射剂、滴眼剂、滴鼻剂、洗剂和搽剂等。固体剂型可以是片剂(包括普通片、肠溶片、含片、分散片、咀嚼片、泡腾片、口腔崩解片)、胶囊剂(包括硬胶囊、软胶囊、肠溶胶囊)、颗粒剂、散剂、微丸、滴丸、栓剂、膜剂、贴片、气(粉)雾剂、喷雾剂等;半固体剂型可以是软膏剂、凝胶剂、糊剂等。
前述药物组合物可以制成普通制剂、也可以制成缓释制剂、控释制剂、靶向制剂及各种微粒给药系统。
此外,如需要,也可以向药物制剂中添加着色剂、防腐剂、香料、矫味剂、甜味剂或其他材料。
为了能够获得所期望的药效,精氨酸酶抑制剂占药物组合物总重量的0.1~99%。
该药物组合物的给药剂量取决于许多因素,例如所要预防或治疗疾病的性质和严重程度,患者或动物的性别、年龄、体重、性格及个体反应,给药途径、给药次数、治疗目的,因此本发明的治疗剂量可以有大范围的变化。本发明的药物组合物可单独服用,或与其他治疗药物或对症药物合并使用并调整剂量。
在其中一个实施例中,所述药物组合物还包括治疗剂。
在其中一个实施例中,所述治疗剂选自化学治疗剂、免疫调节剂、炎症调节剂和酶抑制剂中的任意一种或几种。
在其中一个实施例中,所述酶抑制剂选自磷酸二酯酶-1(PDE1)抑制剂、磷酸二酯酶-2(PDE2)抑制剂、磷酸二酯酶-3(PDE3)抑制剂、磷酸二酯酶-4(PDE4)抑制剂和磷酸二酯酶-5(PDE5)抑制剂,以及选自PDE1、PDE2、PDE3、PDE4和PDE5的至少两种酶的非特异性PDE抑制剂以及它们的组合。
本发明还涉及所述的精氨酸酶抑制剂或含有精氨酸酶抑制剂的药物组合物在制备治疗或预防个体中与精氨酸酶I、精氨酸酶II或其组合的表达或活性有关的疾病、病症或病状的药物中的用途。
在其中一个实施例中,所述个体中与精氨酸酶I、精氨酸酶II或其组合的表达或活性有关的疾病、病症或病状是血管内皮功能紊乱相关的疾病、病症或病状。所述血管内皮功能紊乱相关的疾病、病症或病状选自下组:全身性高血压、肺动脉高压PAH、高原肺动脉高血压、勃起功能障碍、缺血再灌注IR损伤、心肌梗塞和动脉粥样硬化。
在其中一个实施例中,所述个体中与精氨酸酶I、精氨酸酶II或其组合的表达或活性有关的疾病、病症或病状是免疫相关的疾病、病症或病状。所述免疫相关的疾病、病症或病状选自下组:类风湿性关节炎、肾衰竭、狼疮、哮喘、银屑病、结肠炎、胰腺炎、过敏、纤维化、贫血性纤维肌痛、阿尔茨海默氏病、充血性心力衰竭、中风、主动脉瓣狭窄、动脉硬化、骨质疏松症、帕金森氏病、感染、克罗恩氏病、溃疡性结肠炎、过敏性接触性皮炎和其他湿疹、系统性硬化症和多发性硬化症。
在其中一个实施例中,所述个体中与精氨酸酶I、精氨酸酶II或其组合的表达或活性有关的疾病、病症或病状是癌症。所述癌症可以是前列腺癌、结肠癌、直肠癌、胰腺癌、子宫颈癌、胃癌、子宫内膜癌、脑癌、肝癌、膀胱癌、卵巢癌、睾丸癌、头癌、颈癌、皮肤癌(包括黑素瘤和基底癌)、间皮内层癌、白血细胞癌(包括淋巴瘤和白血病)、食道癌、乳腺癌、肌肉癌、结缔组织癌、肺癌(包括小细胞肺癌和非小细胞癌)、肾上腺癌、甲状腺癌、肾癌、或骨癌;或是结肠直肠癌、头颈癌、恶性胶质瘤、间皮瘤、肾细胞癌、胃癌、肉瘤(包括卡波济氏肉瘤)、绒毛膜癌、皮肤基底细胞癌或睾丸精原细胞瘤。
在其中一个实施例中,所述个体中与精氨酸酶I、精氨酸酶II或其组合的表达或活性有关的疾病、病症或病状是肺炎性疾病。所述肺炎性疾病可以是哮喘、肺慢性阻塞性疾病(COPD)、特发性肺纤维变性、囊性纤维化或支气管肺发育异常。
为达到用药目的,增强治疗效果,本发明的药物可用任何公知的给药方法给药。
本发明与现有技术相比具有如下优点:
(1)本发明的精氨酸酶抑制剂为天然来源,广泛存在于各类常用药用植物中,具有良好的安全性,为慢性疾病患者的长期用药提供了安全保障。
(2)本发明的精氨酸酶抑制剂对精氨酸酶I和精氨酸酶II具有较强的抑制率,作为强效的和选择性的精氨酸酶抑制剂,通过单一药剂或与逆转其他免疫抑制机制的疗法组合方式来逆转免疫抑制并重新激活患者的抗癌免疫。
(3)本发明的精氨酸酶抑制剂来源广泛,制备工艺简单,制备成本低,易于广泛推广生产。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例2香草酸对PAH大鼠生理指标的影响结果柱状图;
图2为本发明实施例2对照组、MCT模型组和药物治疗组的大鼠肺动脉血管HE染色图;
图3为本发明实施例2香草酸对PAH大鼠肺血管重构的影响结果柱状图。
具体实施方式
为使本发明的上述目的、特征和优点能够更加明显易懂,下面结合附图对本发明的具体实施方式做详细的说明。在下面的描述中阐述了很多具体细节以便于充分理解本发明。但是本发明能够以很多不同于在此描述的其它方式来实施,本领域技术人员可以在不违背本发明内涵的情况下做类似改进,因此本发明不受下面公开的具体实施例的限制。
实施例1精氨酸酶抑制剂对精氨酸酶的抑制活性测定
(1)绘制尿素标准曲线:精密称取10mg尿素,用50mM Tris·HCl配制0.1、0.2、0.4、0.8和1.2mg/mL系列浓度溶液;取50μL不同浓度尿素溶液,分别加入43μL 50mM Tris·HCl、75μL 10mmol/L MnCl2(50mM Tris·HCl配制)、50μL精氨酸酶底物(0.5mol/L L-精氨酸,pH9.7)、200μL的酸溶液(H2SO4:H3PO4:H2O,1:3:7)、25μL 9%的2-异亚硝基苯丙酮(无水乙醇配制),于100℃加热45min后在室温下将样品避光放置10min,用全自动酶标仪分析系统测量550nm处的吸光度。以尿素溶液浓度为横坐标,吸光度值为纵坐标,获得标准曲线。
(2)取2mg精氨酸酶,用50mM Tris·HCl配制成2mg/mL,调节pH至9.5。取50μL酶液,依次加入加入43μL药物溶液(50mM Tris·HCl配制,空白组加入43μL Tris·HCl)、75μL10mmol/L的MnCl2溶液、50μL精氨酸酶底物溶液(L-精氨酸0.5mol/L,pH 9.7),其药物终浓度分别为1μM、3.2μM、10μM、32μM、100μM、320μM、1000μM。将混合液于37℃孵育1h后,加入200μL的酸性溶液(H2SO4:H3PO4:H2O,1:3:7)终止反应。反应液中加入25μLα-异亚硝基苯丙酮溶液,100℃加热45min。在室温下将样品在黑暗中放置10min后,用全自动酶标仪分析系统测量550nm处的吸光度,并根据尿素标曲获得尿素含量,并计算酶活力(mU):
酶活抑制率按照下述公式计算:
根据上述精氨酸酶活性测定方法,对各抑制剂进行了活性测定,并获得其IC50,结果如表2所示。和天然产物阳性对照药物表儿茶素没食子酸酯相比,其中香草酸、红景天苷、红景天素对精氨酸酶具有更强的抑制活性。
表2抑制剂对精氨酸酶抑制活性
实施例2精氨酸酶抑制剂香草酸对大鼠肺动脉高压的干预作用
(1)以一次性皮下注射40mg/kg野百合碱的方法建立肺动脉高压大鼠模型,分组为:对照组、MCT模型组和药物治疗组大鼠,自大鼠注射野百合碱第一天起,灌胃给与三种不同剂量的香草酸(25mg/kg/d,50mg/kg/d和100mg/kg/d),每组10只实验大鼠,共饲养28天。
(2)28天时,分别从体重、右心室压力、血液学指标、右心肥厚指数等进行分析评价其药效。采用Power Lab生理记录仪和生物采集系统使用静脉导管法测量各组大鼠的右心室压力(RVSP)。解剖后取出大鼠心脏,沿室间隔分离右心室,称重并记录。按照以下公式分别计算右心肥厚指数和右心室重量指数:右心肥厚指数(RV/LV+S)=右心室/左心室+室间隔;右心室重量指数(RV/BW)=右心室/大鼠体重。
(3)通过对肺组织进行苏木精-伊红(HE)染色,观察肺动脉血管重构情况,分析得出血管壁横截面积(WA%)、血管壁厚度(WT%)和管腔面积占比(LA%)。
以上实验结果显示,MCT模型组与对照组相比,右心室压力(RVSP)显著升高(P<0.05),香草酸干预组(50、100mg/kg/d)中,RVSP水平较MCT模型组得到了有效抑制(P<0.05)(图1A)。此外,MCT模型组RV/BW(图1B)和RV/LV+S(图1C)比值较对照组升高(P<0.05),香草酸干预组(50、100mg/kg/d)的RV/BW和RV/LV+S比值较模型组得到了有效抑制(P<0.05)。
HE染色结果显示,MCT处理后,PAH大鼠肺动脉血管壁明显增厚(图2),与对照组(Control)相比,其WT%和WA%明显增加,LA%明显降低(P<0.05);香草酸干预后显著抑制了MCT诱导的PAH大鼠肺动脉血管的重构(P<0.05)(图3)。
上述结果表明香草酸作为精氨酸酶抑制剂具有显著干预肺动脉高压的作用。
虽然在实施例中已经通过一般性说明、具体实施方式及试验对本发明作出了详尽的描述,但在不偏离本发明核心的基础上,仍可以作出的修改或改进,均属于本发明要求保护的范围。
Claims (5)
1.一种精氨酸酶抑制剂,其特征在于,所述抑制剂的活性成分选自香草酸、圣草酚、红景天苷、络塞定、红景天素、对香豆酸中的任意一种或几种化合物,或上述化合物在药学上可接受的盐、立体异构体、互变异构体、同位素或前药。
2.一种含有精氨酸酶抑制剂的药物组合物,其特征在于,所述药物组合物由治疗有效量的如权利要求1所述的精氨酸酶抑制剂和药学上可接受的辅料组成。
3.根据权利要求2所述的含有精氨酸酶抑制剂的药物组合物,其特征在于,所述药物组合物还包括治疗剂。
4.根据权利要求3所述的含有精氨酸酶抑制剂的药物组合物,其特征在于,所述治疗剂选自化学治疗剂、免疫调节剂、炎症调节剂和酶抑制剂中的任意一种或几种。
5.如权利要求1-4任一项所述的精氨酸酶抑制剂或含有精氨酸酶抑制剂的药物组合物在制备治疗或预防个体中与精氨酸酶I、精氨酸酶II或其组合的表达或活性有关的疾病、病症或病状的药物中的用途。
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