CN114295280B - Pressure signal scanning measurement system - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a pressure signal scanning and measuring system, which relates to the technical field of signal measurement and comprises the following components: the system comprises a 2.5V voltage stabilizer, a first to an Nth multi-path pressure signal acquisition subsystem, a pressure signal amplification module, a low-pressure-difference linear voltage stabilization module, a processor and an RS-422 communication protocol conversion and isolation module; n is a positive integer. The invention can realize the measurement of multiple pressure signals at the same time, and share the amplifier, thus reducing the volume and weight of the whole system and having the characteristics of multiple measuring points and small volume; the RS422 is adopted to realize the receiving and sending of data, the real-time measurement of the pressure signal can be realized, and meanwhile, the online upgrading and maintenance function is also provided, and the maintainability is good.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of signal measurement, in particular to a pressure signal scanning and measuring system.
Background
With the continuous development of aerospace technologies, various aerospace activities are developed vigorously, and higher requirements are put on the performances of sensors and measurement systems. The sensor is the foremost end of the measuring system and is a prerequisite for realizing automatic detection and automatic control, and the performance of the sensor directly determines the accuracy of the measuring system. In particular, in the field of aerospace, monitoring of aircraft states and data recording of flight tests all rely on sensors and corresponding measurement systems.
The pressure measurement is an important concern in the flying process of the aircraft, and the multi-pressure-point measurement can reflect the stress condition of the aircraft more truly, improve the measurement performance and improve the measurement precision. At present, a common multi-point measurement system is a multi-channel analog-to-digital converter structure. The measuring system of the multi-channel analog-to-digital converter structure is composed of a plurality of analog-to-digital converters in parallel, each channel of sensor is provided with an A/D conversion circuit and an I/O interface, although the data acquisition can be carried out on the signals of the multi-channel sensors at different sampling rates at the same moment, so that the synchronization among the signals is kept, a plurality of A/D conversion circuits are used, the production cost, the key point and the volume of the system are greatly increased, and the increase of the volume and the weight can bring burden to an aircraft. Therefore, a multi-point and small-volume real-time pressure measurement system is an important requirement in the current aerospace field.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the pressure signal scanning and measuring system provided by the invention solves the problems of how to realize a pressure measuring system with more measuring points, small volume and high data updating speed.
In order to achieve the purpose of the invention, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
a pressure signal scanning measurement system comprising: the system comprises a 2.5V voltage stabilizer, a first to an Nth multi-path pressure signal acquisition subsystem, a pressure signal amplification module, a low-pressure-difference linear voltage stabilization module, a processor and an RS-422 communication protocol conversion and isolation module; n is a positive integer;
the 2.5V voltage stabilizer is used for providing 2.5V reference voltage, and the output end of the 2.5V voltage stabilizer is respectively connected with the reference voltage input ends of the first to Nth multi-path pressure signal acquisition subsystems;
the first to Nth multipath pressure signal acquisition subsystems are used for acquiring pressure electric signals in multipath and selectively outputting the pressure electric signals; the output ends of the first to Nth multipath pressure signal acquisition subsystems are connected with the input end of the pressure signal amplification module;
the pressure signal amplifying module is used for amplifying the pressure electric signal, and the output end of the pressure signal amplifying module is connected with the input end of the processor;
the low-dropout linear voltage stabilizing module is used for supplying power to the processor, and the output end of the low-dropout linear voltage stabilizing module is connected with the power supply end of the processor;
the processor is used for carrying out analog-to-digital conversion, filtering and calculation on the pressure electric signal to obtain a pressure value, and a UART serial communication interface of the processor is connected with a UART serial communication interface of the RS-422 communication protocol conversion and isolation module;
the RS-422 communication protocol conversion and isolation module is used for isolating and converting UART serial communication protocol data of the processor into RS-422 protocol data and accessing an RS-422 bus through an RS-422 interface.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1) the invention can realize the measurement of multiple pressure signals at the same time, shares the amplifier, reduces the volume and the weight of the whole system, and has the characteristics of multiple measuring points and small volume.
2) The invention adopts RS422 to realize the receiving and sending of data, can realize the real-time measurement of pressure signals, and simultaneously has the functions of on-line upgrading and maintenance and good maintainability.
Further, the first to nth multi-channel pressure signal acquisition subsystems have the same structure and each include: the device comprises first to Mth 1mA constant current source modules, first to Mth pressure sensor cores and an analog switch module; m is a positive integer;
the first to M1 mA constant current source modules are used for converting 2.5V reference voltage into constant current and supplying power to the pressure sensor core body; 2.5V interfaces of the first to M1 mA constant current source modules are used as reference voltage input ends of the first to N multi-path pressure signal acquisition subsystems and are connected with the output end of the 2.5V voltage stabilizer; the output end of the ith 1mA constant current source module is connected with the power supply end of the ith pressure sensor core body, and i is a positive integer in a closed interval [1, M ];
the first to Mth pressure sensor cores are used for measuring pressure to obtain pressure electric signals; the output ends of the first to Mth pressure sensor cores are connected with the input end of the analog switch module;
the analog switch module is used for selectively outputting the M paths of pressure electric signals under the control of the processor, the output end of the analog switch module is connected with the input end of the pressure signal amplification module, and the control end of the analog switch module is in communication connection with the processor;
the processor is also used for controlling the analog switch module to select the pressure electric signals measured by the first to Mth pressure sensor cores in a time-sharing mode.
The beneficial effects of the above further scheme are: the design makes the invention have M
The pressure signal measuring device has the advantages that the pressure signal measuring function of the N paths is achieved, the scanning measurement of the pressure signals of the multiple paths is achieved through the analog switch module, the pressure signal amplifying module is shared, the size and the weight of the whole system are reduced, and the pressure signal measuring device has the advantages of being large in measuring points and small in size.
Further, the first to M1 mA constant current source modules have the same structure, and each include: a resistor R1, a resistor R2 and an operational amplifier U1;
one end of the resistor R1 is used as a 2.5V interface of the first to M1 mA constant current source modules, and the other end of the resistor R1 is connected with the non-inverting input end of the operational amplifier U1;
the common end of the operational amplifier U1 is grounded; the power supply end of the power supply module is used as the 5V power supply input end of the first to M1 mA constant current source modules; the output end of the constant current source module is used as the first output end Vo + of the first to M1 mA constant current source modules; the inverting input end of the constant current source module is connected with one end of a resistor R2 and is used as a second output end Vo-of the first to M1 mA constant current source modules;
the other end of the resistor R2 is grounded;
and a first output end Vo + of the ith 1mA constant current source module is connected with a first power supply end of the ith pressure sensor core, and a second output end Vo-of the ith 1mA constant current source module is connected with a second power supply end of the ith pressure sensor core.
The beneficial effects of the above further scheme are: the pressure sensor core needs stable constant current power supply, and the design constructs a voltage-current conversion circuit through an operational amplifier U1, realizes constant current according to 2.5V reference voltage and supplies power for the pressure sensor core.
Further, the first to Mth pressure sensor cores are silicon piezoresistive pressure sensor cores.
The beneficial effects of the above further scheme are: the silicon piezoresistive pressure sensor core body has the characteristics of high sensitivity and high precision, and can realize accurate pressure measurement under the condition that the 1mA constant current source module stably supplies power.
Further, the pressure signal amplifying module includes: a capacitor C1, a capacitor C2, a capacitor C3, a capacitor C4, a capacitor C5, a capacitor C6, a capacitor C7, a resistor R3 and an operational amplifier U2;
one end of the capacitor C1 is respectively connected with one end of the capacitor C3 and the inverting input end-IN of the operational amplifier U2 and is used as the inverting input end Vin-of the pressure signal amplification module;
the other end of the capacitor C1 is respectively connected with one end of a capacitor C2 and the non-inverting input end + IN of the operational amplifier U2 and serves as the non-inverting input end Vin + of the pressure signal amplification module;
the other end of the capacitor C2 is grounded;
the other end of the capacitor C3 is grounded;
the first gain control terminal RG1 of the operational amplifier U2 is connected to one end of a resistor R3; a second gain control terminal RG2 is connected with the other end of the resistor R3; the positive power supply terminal + Vs of the pressure signal amplifying module is connected with one end of a capacitor C4 and serves as a 5V power supply input terminal of the pressure signal amplifying module; the negative power supply end-Vs of the pressure signal amplifying module is connected with one end of a capacitor C5 and serves as a-5V power supply input end of the pressure signal amplifying module; the output end OUT of the voltage signal amplifying module is respectively connected with one end of a capacitor C6 and one end of a capacitor C7 and is used as the output end Vout of the voltage signal amplifying module;
the other end of the capacitor C4 is grounded;
the other end of the capacitor C5 is grounded;
the other end of the capacitor C6 is grounded;
the other end of the capacitor C7 is grounded.
Further, the operational amplifier U2 is a GF620 type instrumentation amplifier.
The beneficial effects of the above further scheme are: compared with the conventional amplifying circuit, the GF620 type instrument amplifier is used as an operational amplifier U2, and a pressure signal amplifying module is constructed based on the operational amplifier U2, so that the gain is configurable, and the signal precision is high;
the capacitor C1 realizes the suppression of common mode noise of the two input ends; the capacitor C2 and the capacitor C3 respectively filter signals of the two input ends; the capacitor C4 and the capacitor C5 respectively carry out ripple suppression on the positive and negative 5V power supplies; under the condition that the capacitor C6 and the capacitor C7 are configured with different capacitance values, the suppression of clutter of different corresponding frequencies of output signals can be realized;
based on the GF620 type instrumentation amplifier, the gain of the pressure signal amplification block is 49.4K divided by the resistance of resistor R3.
Further, the RS-422 communication protocol conversion and isolation module comprises: a capacitor C8, a capacitor C9, a capacitor C10, a capacitor C11, a capacitor C12, a capacitor C13, a capacitor C14, a resistor R4, a resistor R5, a resistor R6, a resistor R7, a resistor R8, a resistor R9, a resistor R10, a resistor R11, a resistor R12, a power isolation chip U3, an RS-422 protocol conversion chip U4, an optical coupler U5 and an optical coupler U6;
one end of the capacitor C8 is respectively connected with one end of the capacitor C9 and the positive input power supply end VIN + of the power isolation chip U3 and is used as a 5V power supply input end of the RS-422 communication protocol conversion and isolation module;
the other end of the capacitor C8 is grounded;
the other end of the capacitor C9 is grounded;
the negative electrode end VIN-of the input power supply of the power supply isolation chip U3 is grounded; a positive output end VO + of the power supply is used as an isolation power supply 3.3V _ G end of the RS-422 communication protocol conversion and isolation module and is respectively connected with one end of a capacitor C10, one end of a capacitor C11, one end of a resistor R4, a power supply end VCC of an RS-422 protocol conversion chip U4, one end of a capacitor C12, one end of a resistor R9, a power supply end of an optocoupler U6, one end of a resistor R12 and one end of a capacitor C14; a power supply cathode output end VO-serving as a digital isolation ground end DGND _ G of the RS-422 communication protocol conversion and isolation module is respectively connected with the other end of the capacitor C10, the other end of the capacitor C11, one end of the resistor R5, a common end GND of the RS-422 protocol conversion chip U4, the other end of the capacitor C12, a common end of the optocoupler U6 and the other end of the capacitor C14;
the other end of the resistor R4 is respectively connected with one end of a resistor R6 and the RS-422 interface B end of the RS-422 protocol conversion chip U4 and is used as the RS-422 interface B end of the RS-422 communication protocol conversion and isolation module;
the other end of the resistor R5 is respectively connected with the other end of the resistor R6 and the RS-422 interface A end of the RS-422 protocol conversion chip U4 and is used as the RS-422 interface A end of the RS-422 communication protocol conversion and isolation module;
one end of the resistor R7 is used as an RS-422 interface Z end of the RS-422 communication protocol conversion and isolation module, and the other end of the resistor R7 is connected with an RS-422 interface Z end of the RS-422 protocol conversion chip U4;
one end of the resistor R8 is used as an RS-422 interface Y end of the RS-422 communication protocol conversion and isolation module, and the other end of the resistor R8 is connected with an RS-422 interface Y end of the RS-422 protocol conversion chip U4;
a UART serial communication data receiving and converting end RO of the RS-422 protocol conversion chip U4 is connected with an input stage cathode of the optocoupler U5, and a UART serial communication data transmitting and acquiring end DI thereof is respectively connected with an output end of the optocoupler U6 and the other end of the resistor R12;
the other end of the resistor R9 is connected with an input stage anode of an optocoupler U5;
the common termination of the optocoupler U5 is digitally DGND; the output end of the UART serial communication interface RXD is connected with one end of a resistor R10 and is used as a UART serial communication interface RXD end of an RS-422 communication protocol conversion and isolation module; the power supply end of the power supply module is respectively connected with the other end of the resistor R10, one end of the capacitor C13 and one end of the resistor R11 and is used as a 3.3V power supply input end of the RS-422 communication protocol conversion and isolation module;
the other end of the capacitor C13 is digitally DGND;
the other end of the resistor R11 is connected with an input stage anode of an optocoupler U6;
and the input stage cathode of the optical coupler U6 is used as a UART serial communication interface TXD end of the RS-422 communication protocol conversion and isolation module.
The beneficial effects of the above further scheme are: existing processors typically employ the UART protocol as a serial data communication protocol and are susceptible to interference from peripherals of the communication interface. The invention designs the RS-422 communication protocol conversion and isolation module, not only carries out protocol conversion on the UART communication protocol interface of the processor through the RS-422 protocol conversion chip U4, realizes that the pressure signal scanning and measuring system has RS422 bus data transceiving capacity, lays the functional foundation of system online upgrade and maintenance, but also isolates the RS422 bus chip equipment through the design of two optical couplers, ensures the working safety of the processor, and carries out isolation protection on the power supply required by communication through the power isolation chip U3.
Further, the processor is a DSP digital signal processor with a built-in on-chip analog-to-digital conversion unit.
Further, the method for obtaining the pressure value by performing analog-to-digital conversion, filtering and calculation on the pressure electric signal by the processor comprises the following steps:
s1, performing analog-to-digital conversion on the pressure electric signal through the on-chip analog-to-digital conversion unit to obtain a pressure digital signal;
s2, filtering the pressure digital signal;
and S3, calculating to obtain a pressure value according to the filtered pressure digital signal.
Further, the step S2 includes the following sub-steps:
s21, performing smooth filtering on the pressure digital signal;
s22, performing the smooth filtered pressure digital signal by the following formula
Filtering:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
is composed of
The filtered digital signal of the pressure is then used,
is composed of
The digital signal of the pressure before the filtering,
is the number of machine cycles of the processor,
is composed of
And (4) filtering coefficients.
The beneficial effects of the above further scheme are: and a DSP digital signal processor with a built-in on-chip analog-to-digital conversion unit is selected as a processor of the pressure signal scanning and measuring system, so that the volume and the weight of the system are further saved. The data after analog-to-digital conversion is filtered, so that the anti-interference and anti-noise capabilities of the invention are further enhanced.
Further, in step S3, a pressure value is calculated according to the filtered pressure digital signal by the following formula:
P=K1*1+K2×VPT1+K3×VPT12+K4×VPT13+K5×VPT14+K6×VP+K7×VPT1×VP+K8×VPT12×VP+K9×VPT13×VP+K10×VPT14×VP+K11×VP2+K12×VPT1×VP2+K13×VPT12×VP2+K14×VPT13×VP2+K15×VPT14×VP2+K16×VP3+K17×VPT1×VP3+K18×VPT12×VP3
wherein P is a pressure value, K1-K18 are first to eighteenth characteristic coefficients, VP is a filtered pressure digital signal, and VPT1 is a compensation voltage.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a structural diagram of a pressure signal scanning measurement system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a circuit diagram of a 1mA constant current source module;
FIG. 3 is a circuit diagram of a pressure signal amplification module;
fig. 4 is a circuit diagram of an RS-422 communication protocol conversion and isolation module.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention is provided to facilitate the understanding of the present invention by those skilled in the art, but it should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the scope of the embodiments, and it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined and defined in the appended claims, and all matters produced by the invention using the inventive concept are protected.
Example 1:
a pressure signal scanning measurement system, as shown in fig. 1, comprising: the system comprises a 2.5V voltage stabilizer, a first to an Nth multi-path pressure signal acquisition subsystem, a pressure signal amplification module, a low-pressure-difference linear voltage stabilization module, a processor and an RS-422 communication protocol conversion and isolation module; n is a positive integer.
The 2.5V voltage stabilizer is used for providing 2.5V reference voltage, and the output end of the voltage stabilizer is respectively connected with the reference voltage input ends of the first to Nth multi-path pressure signal acquisition subsystems.
The first to the Nth multipath pressure signal acquisition subsystems are all used for acquiring the pressure electric signals in multipath and selectively outputting the pressure electric signals; the output ends of the first to Nth multi-channel pressure signal acquisition subsystems are connected with the input end of the pressure signal amplification module.
The pressure signal amplifying module is used for amplifying the pressure electric signal, and the output end of the pressure signal amplifying module is connected with the input end of the processor.
The low-dropout linear voltage stabilizing module is used for supplying power to the processor, and the output end of the low-dropout linear voltage stabilizing module is connected with the power supply end of the processor.
The processor is used for carrying out analog-to-digital conversion, filtering and calculation on the pressure electric signal to obtain a pressure value, and the UART serial communication interface of the processor is connected with the UART serial communication interface of the RS-422 communication protocol conversion and isolation module.
The RS-422 communication protocol conversion and isolation module is used for isolating and converting UART serial communication protocol data of the processor into RS-422 protocol data and accessing the RS-422 bus through an RS-422 interface.
Example 2:
on the basis of the above embodiment 1, the first to nth multi-channel pressure signal acquisition subsystems have the same structure, and each of the first to nth multi-channel pressure signal acquisition subsystems includes: the device comprises first to Mth 1mA constant current source modules, first to Mth pressure sensor cores and an analog switch module; m is a positive integer.
The first to M1 mA constant current source modules are used for converting 2.5V reference voltage into constant current to supply power to the core body of the pressure sensor; 2.5V interfaces of the first to M1 mA constant current source modules are used as reference voltage input ends of the first to N multi-path pressure signal acquisition subsystems and are connected with the output end of the 2.5V voltage stabilizer; the output end of the ith 1mA constant current source module is connected with the power supply end of the ith pressure sensor core body, and i is a positive integer in the closed interval [1, M ].
The first to Mth pressure sensor cores are used for measuring pressure to obtain pressure electric signals; the output ends of the first to Mth pressure sensor cores are connected with the input end of the analog switch module.
The analog switch module is used for selectively outputting the M paths of pressure electric signals under the control of the processor, the output end of the analog switch module is connected with the input end of the pressure signal amplification module, and the control end of the analog switch module is in communication connection with the processor.
The processor is also used for controlling the analog switch module to select the pressure electric signals measured by the first to Mth pressure sensor cores in a time-sharing mode.
The design of the present embodiment makes the present invention have M
The pressure signal measuring device has the advantages that the pressure signal measuring function of the N paths is achieved, the scanning measurement of the pressure signals of the multiple paths is achieved through the analog switch module, the pressure signal amplifying module is shared, the size and the weight of the whole system are reduced, and the pressure signal measuring device has the advantages of being large in measuring points and small in size.
In this embodiment, N is 3, M is 4, and measurement of 12 pressure signals can be realized in total.
The analog switch module of this embodiment selects the existing 4-to-1 switch chip, and its truth table is as follows:
example 3:
on the basis of the above embodiment 2, as shown in fig. 2, the first to M1 mA constant current source modules have the same structure, and each include: a resistor R1, a resistor R2, and an operational amplifier U1.
One end of the resistor R1 is used as a 2.5V interface of the first to M1 mA constant current source modules, and the other end of the resistor R1 is connected with the non-inverting input end of the operational amplifier U1;
the common terminal of the operational amplifier U1 is grounded; the power supply end of the power supply module is used as the 5V power supply input end of the first to M1 mA constant current source modules; the output end of the constant current source module is used as the first output end Vo + of the first to M1 mA constant current source modules; the inverting input end of the constant current source module is connected with one end of a resistor R2 and is used as a second output end Vo-of the first to M1 mA constant current source modules;
the other end of the resistor R2 is grounded;
and a first output end Vo + of the ith 1mA constant current source module is connected with a first power supply end of the ith pressure sensor core, and a second output end Vo-of the ith constant current source module is connected with a second power supply end of the ith pressure sensor core.
The pressure sensor core needs stable constant current power supply, and the design constructs a voltage-current conversion circuit through an operational amplifier U1, realizes constant current according to 2.5V reference voltage and supplies power for the pressure sensor core.
In the embodiment, the existing high-precision 2.5V precision voltage stabilizer is used as the 2.5V voltage stabilizer of the invention, and the built-in band gap reference circuit is utilized to realize the 2.5V reference voltage with low temperature drift and low ripple, so that the constant current of 1mA is obtained on the basis, and the stable power supply is constructed for the core body of the pressure sensor.
Example 4:
on the basis of embodiment 3 described above, the first to mth pressure sensor cores are each a silicon piezoresistive pressure sensor core.
In the embodiment, the TMS9013M-162AP-V1 type silicon piezoresistive pressure sensor core is selected as the pressure sensing element, so that the pressure sensor has the characteristics of high sensitivity and high precision, and accurate pressure measurement can be realized under the condition that the 1mA constant current source module is stably powered.
Example 5:
on the basis of the above embodiment 2, as shown in fig. 3, the pressure signal amplifying module includes: the circuit comprises a capacitor C1, a capacitor C2, a capacitor C3, a capacitor C4, a capacitor C5, a capacitor C6, a capacitor C7, a resistor R3 and an operational amplifier U2.
One end of the capacitor C1 is respectively connected with one end of the capacitor C3 and the inverting input end-IN of the operational amplifier U2 and is used as the inverting input end Vin-of the pressure signal amplifying module;
the other end of the capacitor C1 is connected to one end of the capacitor C2 and the non-inverting input terminal + IN of the operational amplifier U2, and is used as the non-inverting input terminal Vin + of the pressure signal amplification module;
the other end of the capacitor C2 is grounded;
the other end of the capacitor C3 is grounded;
the first gain control terminal RG1 of the operational amplifier U2 is connected to one end of the resistor R3; a second gain control terminal RG2 is connected with the other end of the resistor R3; the positive power supply terminal + Vs of the pressure signal amplifying module is connected with one end of a capacitor C4 and serves as a 5V power supply input terminal of the pressure signal amplifying module; the negative power supply end-Vs of the pressure signal amplifying module is connected with one end of a capacitor C5 and serves as a-5V power supply input end of the pressure signal amplifying module; the output end OUT of the voltage signal amplifying module is respectively connected with one end of a capacitor C6 and one end of a capacitor C7 and is used as the output end Vout of the voltage signal amplifying module;
the other end of the capacitor C4 is grounded;
the other end of the capacitor C5 is grounded;
the other end of the capacitor C6 is grounded;
the other terminal of the capacitor C7 is connected to ground.
Example 6:
in addition to the above embodiment 5, the operational amplifier U2 is a GF620 type instrumentation amplifier.
Compared with the conventional amplifying circuit, the GF620 type instrument amplifier is used as an operational amplifier U2, and a pressure signal amplifying module is constructed based on the operational amplifier U2, so that the gain is available, and the signal precision is high;
the capacitor C1 realizes the suppression of common mode noise of the two input ends; the capacitor C2 and the capacitor C3 respectively filter signals at two input ends; the capacitor C4 and the capacitor C5 respectively carry out ripple suppression on the positive and negative 5V power supplies; under the condition that the capacitor C6 and the capacitor C7 are configured with different capacitance values, the suppression of clutter of different corresponding frequencies of output signals can be realized;
based on the GF620 type instrumentation amplifier, the gain of the pressure signal amplification block is 49.4K divided by the resistance of resistor R3.
The resistance of the resistor R3 in this embodiment is 820 ohms, and thus, the gain of the pressure signal amplifying module is 61.24.
Example 7:
on the basis of the above embodiment 2, as shown in fig. 4, the RS-422 communication protocol conversion and isolation module includes: the circuit comprises a capacitor C8, a capacitor C9, a capacitor C10, a capacitor C11, a capacitor C12, a capacitor C13, a capacitor C14, a resistor R4, a resistor R5, a resistor R6, a resistor R7, a resistor R8, a resistor R9, a resistor R10, a resistor R11, a resistor R12, a power isolation chip U3, an RS-422 protocol conversion chip U4, an optical coupler U5 and an optical coupler U6.
One end of the capacitor C8 is respectively connected with one end of the capacitor C9 and the positive input power supply end VIN + of the power isolation chip U3 and is used as a 5V power supply input end of the RS-422 communication protocol conversion and isolation module;
the other end of the capacitor C8 is grounded;
the other end of the capacitor C9 is grounded;
the negative electrode end VIN-of the input power supply of the power supply isolation chip U3 is grounded; a positive output end VO + of the power supply is used as an isolation power supply 3.3V _ G end of the RS-422 communication protocol conversion and isolation module and is respectively connected with one end of a capacitor C10, one end of a capacitor C11, one end of a resistor R4, a power supply end VCC of an RS-422 protocol conversion chip U4, one end of a capacitor C12, one end of a resistor R9, a power supply end of an optocoupler U6, one end of a resistor R12 and one end of a capacitor C14; a power supply cathode output end VO-serving as a digital isolation ground end DGND _ G of the RS-422 communication protocol conversion and isolation module is respectively connected with the other end of the capacitor C10, the other end of the capacitor C11, one end of the resistor R5, a common end GND of the RS-422 protocol conversion chip U4, the other end of the capacitor C12, a common end of the optocoupler U6 and the other end of the capacitor C14;
the other end of the resistor R4 is respectively connected with one end of a resistor R6 and the RS-422 interface B end of the RS-422 protocol conversion chip U4 and is used as the RS-422 interface B end of the RS-422 communication protocol conversion and isolation module;
the other end of the resistor R5 is respectively connected with the other end of the resistor R6 and the RS-422 interface A end of the RS-422 protocol conversion chip U4 and is used as the RS-422 interface A end of the RS-422 communication protocol conversion and isolation module;
one end of the resistor R7 is used as an RS-422 interface Z end of the RS-422 communication protocol conversion and isolation module, and the other end of the resistor R7 is connected with an RS-422 interface Z end of the RS-422 protocol conversion chip U4;
one end of the resistor R8 is used as an RS-422 interface Y end of the RS-422 communication protocol conversion and isolation module, and the other end of the resistor R8 is connected with an RS-422 interface Y end of the RS-422 protocol conversion chip U4;
a UART serial communication data receiving and converting end RO of the RS-422 protocol conversion chip U4 is connected with an input stage cathode of the optocoupler U5, and a UART serial communication data transmitting and acquiring end DI thereof is respectively connected with the output end of the optocoupler U6 and the other end of the resistor R12;
the other end of the resistor R9 is connected with an input stage anode of the optocoupler U5;
the common terminal of the optical coupler U5 is digitally DGND; the output end of the UART serial communication interface RXD is connected with one end of a resistor R10 and is used as a UART serial communication interface RXD end of an RS-422 communication protocol conversion and isolation module; the power supply end of the power supply module is respectively connected with the other end of the resistor R10, one end of the capacitor C13 and one end of the resistor R11 and is used as a 3.3V power supply input end of the RS-422 communication protocol conversion and isolation module;
the other end of the capacitor C13 is digitally DGND;
the other end of the resistor R11 is connected with an input stage anode of the optocoupler U6;
and the cathode of the input stage of the optical coupler U6 is used as a UART serial communication interface TXD end of the RS-422 communication protocol conversion and isolation module.
Existing processors typically employ the UART protocol as a serial data communication protocol and are susceptible to peripheral interference from the communication interface. The invention designs the RS-422 communication protocol conversion and isolation module, not only carries out protocol conversion on the UART communication protocol interface of the processor through the RS-422 protocol conversion chip U4, realizes that the pressure signal scanning and measuring system has RS422 bus data transceiving capacity, lays the functional foundation of system online upgrade and maintenance, but also isolates the RS422 bus chip equipment through the design of two optical couplers, ensures the working safety of the processor, and carries out isolation protection on the power supply required by communication through the power isolation chip U3.
In this embodiment, the power isolation chip U3 is an existing NSiP884x type DC/DC isolation chip.
In the embodiment, the pressure digital signals converted by calculation are resolved and transmitted to the upper computer through the RS-422 interface. The RS-422 interface can complete the receiving and sending of communication data and realize the online upgrading function of software. The receiving and the sending of the RS-422 signals are isolated by using optical couplers, the selected optical coupler U5 and the selected optical coupler U6 are high-speed optical couplers, the highest transmission rate is 10Mb/s, and the baud rate of the RS-422 signals is 614.4 kbps.
Example 8:
on the basis of the above embodiment 2, the processor is a DSP digital signal processor with a built-in on-chip analog-to-digital conversion unit.
Example 9:
on the basis of the above embodiment 8, the method for obtaining the pressure value by performing analog-to-digital conversion, filtering and calculation on the pressure electric signal by the processor includes the following steps:
s1, performing analog-to-digital conversion on the pressure electric signal through the on-chip analog-to-digital conversion unit to obtain a pressure digital signal;
s2, filtering the pressure digital signal;
and S3, calculating to obtain a pressure value according to the filtered pressure digital signal.
Example 10:
on the basis of the above embodiment 9, the step S2 includes the following substeps:
and S21, performing smooth filtering on the pressure digital signal.
In this embodiment, the smoothing filtering method includes: sampling more than 20 times (eliminating data collected in the previous three times) in each program period, and taking an average value; if data with deviation more than or equal to 0.01V from the mean value exists, the data is removed, and the rest data is averaged.
S22, performing the smooth filtered pressure digital signal by the following formula
Filtering:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
is composed of
The filtered digital signal of the pressure is then used,
is composed of
The digital signal of the pressure before the filtering,
is the number of machine cycles of the processor,
is composed of
And (4) filtering coefficients.
A DSP digital signal processor with a built-in on-chip analog-to-digital conversion unit is selected as a processor of the pressure signal scanning and measuring system, so that the volume and the weight of the system are further saved. The data after analog-to-digital conversion is filtered, so that the anti-interference and anti-noise capabilities of the invention are further enhanced.
In this embodiment, the pressure value calculation formula in step S3 is as follows:
P=K1*1+K2×VPT1+K3×VPT12+K4×VPT13+K5×VPT14+K6×VP+K7×VPT1×VP+K8×VPT12×VP+K9×VPT13×VP+K10×VPT14×VP+K11×VP2+K12×VPT1×VP2+K13×VPT12×VP2+K14×VPT13×VP2+K15×VPT14×VP2+K16×VP3+K17×VPT1×VP3+K18×VPT12×VP3
wherein P is a pressure value; K1-K18 are first to eighteenth characteristic coefficients, and the specific values of the characteristic coefficients are determined by the physical characteristics of the adopted pressure sensor core; VP is a filtered pressure digital signal; VPT1 is a compensation voltage whose value is determined by the temperature drift in the operating conditions in which the pressure signal sweeps through the measurement system.
The power supply of the processor core of the embodiment is +1.9V, I/O interface power supply and is +3.3V, and for meeting the power supply requirement of the processor, the low dropout linear voltage regulator module is required to provide corresponding voltage, so that the current LDO chip which converts +5V into +3.3V and +1.9V is selected as the core chip of the low dropout linear voltage regulator module circuit scheme, and capacitors are connected in parallel at the front end and the rear end of the chip for ensuring stable voltage output.
In conclusion, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1) the invention can realize the measurement of multiple pressure signals at the same time, shares the amplifier, reduces the volume and the weight of the whole system, and has the characteristics of multiple measuring points and small volume.
2) The invention adopts RS422 to realize the receiving and sending of data, can realize the real-time measurement of pressure signals, and simultaneously has the functions of on-line upgrading and maintenance and good maintainability.
The principle and the implementation mode of the invention are explained by applying specific embodiments in the invention, and the description of the embodiments is only used for helping to understand the method and the core idea of the invention; meanwhile, for a person skilled in the art, according to the idea of the present invention, the specific embodiments and the application range may be changed, and in summary, the content of the present specification should not be construed as a limitation to the present invention.
It will be appreciated by those of ordinary skill in the art that the embodiments described herein are intended to assist the reader in understanding the principles of the invention and are to be construed as being without limitation to such specifically recited embodiments and examples. Those skilled in the art can make various other specific changes and combinations based on the teachings of the present invention without departing from the spirit of the invention, and these changes and combinations are within the scope of the invention.
Claims (4)
1. A pressure signal scanning measurement system, comprising: the system comprises a 2.5V voltage stabilizer, a first to an Nth multi-channel pressure signal acquisition subsystem, a pressure signal amplification module, a low-dropout linear voltage stabilization module, a processor and an RS-422 communication protocol conversion and isolation module; n is a positive integer;
the 2.5V voltage stabilizer is used for providing 2.5V reference voltage, and the output end of the 2.5V voltage stabilizer is respectively connected with the reference voltage input ends of the first to Nth multi-path pressure signal acquisition subsystems;
the first to Nth multipath pressure signal acquisition subsystems are all used for acquiring pressure electric signals in multipath and selectively outputting the pressure electric signals; the output ends of the first to Nth multipath pressure signal acquisition subsystems are connected with the input end of the pressure signal amplification module; the first to Nth multipath pressure signal acquisition subsystems have the same structure and respectively comprise: the device comprises first to Mth 1mA constant current source modules, first to Mth pressure sensor cores and an analog switch module; m is a positive integer;
the first to M1 mA constant current source modules are used for converting 2.5V reference voltage into constant current and supplying power to the pressure sensor core body; 2.5V interfaces of the first to M1 mA constant current source modules are used as reference voltage input ends of the first to N multi-path pressure signal acquisition subsystems and are connected with the output end of the 2.5V voltage stabilizer; the output end of the ith 1mA constant current source module is connected with the power supply end of the ith pressure sensor core body, and i is a positive integer in a closed interval [1, M ];
the first to M1 mA constant current source modules have the same structure and respectively comprise: a resistor R1, a resistor R2 and an operational amplifier U1;
one end of the resistor R1 is used as a 2.5V interface of the first to M1 mA constant current source modules, and the other end of the resistor R1 is connected with the non-inverting input end of the operational amplifier U1;
the common end of the operational amplifier U1 is grounded; the power supply end of the power supply module is used as the 5V power supply input end of the first to M1 mA constant current source modules; the output end of the constant current source module is used as the first output end Vo + of the first to M1 mA constant current source modules; the inverting input end of the constant current source module is connected with one end of a resistor R2 and is used as a second output end Vo-of the first to M1 mA constant current source modules;
the other end of the resistor R2 is grounded;
the first output end Vo + of the ith 1mA constant current source module is connected with the first power supply end of the ith pressure sensor core body, and the second output end Vo-of the ith 1mA constant current source module is connected with the second power supply end of the ith pressure sensor core body;
the first to Mth pressure sensor cores are used for measuring pressure to obtain pressure electric signals; the output ends of the first to Mth pressure sensor cores are connected with the input end of the analog switch module;
the pressure signal amplifying module includes: a capacitor C1, a capacitor C2, a capacitor C3, a capacitor C4, a capacitor C5, a capacitor C6, a capacitor C7, a resistor R3 and an operational amplifier U2;
one end of the capacitor C1 is respectively connected with one end of the capacitor C3 and the inverting input end-IN of the operational amplifier U2 and is used as the inverting input end Vin-of the pressure signal amplification module;
the other end of the capacitor C1 is respectively connected with one end of a capacitor C2 and the non-inverting input end + IN of the operational amplifier U2 and serves as the non-inverting input end Vin + of the pressure signal amplification module;
the other end of the capacitor C2 is grounded;
the other end of the capacitor C3 is grounded;
the first gain control terminal RG1 of the operational amplifier U2 is connected with one end of a resistor R3; a second gain control terminal RG2 is connected with the other end of the resistor R3; the positive power supply terminal + Vs of the pressure signal amplifying module is connected with one end of a capacitor C4 and serves as a 5V power supply input terminal of the pressure signal amplifying module; the negative power supply end-Vs of the pressure signal amplifying module is connected with one end of a capacitor C5 and is used as a-5V power supply input end of the pressure signal amplifying module; the output end OUT of the voltage signal amplifying module is respectively connected with one end of a capacitor C6 and one end of a capacitor C7 and is used as the output end Vout of the voltage signal amplifying module;
the other end of the capacitor C4 is grounded;
the other end of the capacitor C5 is grounded;
the other end of the capacitor C6 is grounded;
the other end of the capacitor C7 is grounded;
the analog switch module is used for selectively outputting the M paths of pressure electric signals under the control of the processor, the output end of the analog switch module is connected with the input end of the pressure signal amplification module, and the control end of the analog switch module is in communication connection with the processor;
the processor is also used for controlling the analog switch module to select the pressure electric signals measured by the first to Mth pressure sensor cores in a time-sharing manner;
the pressure signal amplifying module is used for amplifying the pressure electric signal, and the output end of the pressure signal amplifying module is connected with the input end of the processor;
the low-dropout linear voltage stabilizing module is used for supplying power to the processor, and the output end of the low-dropout linear voltage stabilizing module is connected with the power supply end of the processor;
the processor is used for carrying out analog-to-digital conversion, filtering and calculation on the pressure electric signal to obtain a pressure value, and a UART serial communication interface of the processor is connected with a UART serial communication interface of the RS-422 communication protocol conversion and isolation module;
the processor is a DSP digital signal processor with a built-in on-chip analog-to-digital conversion unit;
the method for the processor to perform analog-to-digital conversion, filtering and calculation on the pressure electric signal to obtain the pressure value comprises the following steps of:
s1, performing analog-to-digital conversion on the pressure electric signal through the on-chip analog-to-digital conversion unit to obtain a pressure digital signal;
s2, filtering the pressure digital signal;
s3, calculating to obtain a pressure value according to the filtered pressure digital signal;
the RS-422 communication protocol conversion and isolation module comprises: a capacitor C8, a capacitor C9, a capacitor C10, a capacitor C11, a capacitor C12, a capacitor C13, a capacitor C14, a resistor R4, a resistor R5, a resistor R6, a resistor R7, a resistor R8, a resistor R9, a resistor R10, a resistor R11, a resistor R12, a power isolation chip U3, an RS-422 protocol conversion chip U4, an optical coupler U5 and an optical coupler U6;
one end of the capacitor C8 is respectively connected with one end of the capacitor C9 and the positive input power supply end VIN + of the power isolation chip U3 and is used as a 5V power supply input end of the RS-422 communication protocol conversion and isolation module;
the other end of the capacitor C8 is grounded;
the other end of the capacitor C9 is grounded;
the negative electrode end VIN-of the input power supply of the power supply isolation chip U3 is grounded; a positive output end VO + of the power supply is used as an isolation power supply 3.3V _ G end of the RS-422 communication protocol conversion and isolation module and is respectively connected with one end of a capacitor C10, one end of a capacitor C11, one end of a resistor R4, a power supply end VCC of an RS-422 protocol conversion chip U4, one end of a capacitor C12, one end of a resistor R9, a power supply end of an optocoupler U6, one end of a resistor R12 and one end of a capacitor C14; a power supply cathode output end VO-serving as a digital isolation ground end DGND _ G of the RS-422 communication protocol conversion and isolation module is respectively connected with the other end of the capacitor C10, the other end of the capacitor C11, one end of the resistor R5, a common end GND of the RS-422 protocol conversion chip U4, the other end of the capacitor C12, a common end of the optocoupler U6 and the other end of the capacitor C14;
the other end of the resistor R4 is respectively connected with one end of a resistor R6 and the RS-422 interface B end of the RS-422 protocol conversion chip U4 and is used as the RS-422 interface B end of the RS-422 communication protocol conversion and isolation module;
the other end of the resistor R5 is respectively connected with the other end of the resistor R6 and the RS-422 interface A end of the RS-422 protocol conversion chip U4 and is used as the RS-422 interface A end of the RS-422 communication protocol conversion and isolation module;
one end of the resistor R7 is used as an RS-422 interface Z end of the RS-422 communication protocol conversion and isolation module, and the other end of the resistor R7 is connected with an RS-422 interface Z end of the RS-422 protocol conversion chip U4;
one end of the resistor R8 is used as an RS-422 interface Y end of the RS-422 communication protocol conversion and isolation module, and the other end of the resistor R8 is connected with an RS-422 interface Y end of an RS-422 protocol conversion chip U4;
a UART serial communication data receiving and converting end RO of the RS-422 protocol conversion chip U4 is connected with an input stage cathode of the optocoupler U5, and a UART serial communication data transmitting and acquiring end DI thereof is respectively connected with an output end of the optocoupler U6 and the other end of the resistor R12;
the other end of the resistor R9 is connected with an input stage anode of an optocoupler U5;
the common termination of the optocoupler U5 is digitally DGND; the output end of the UART serial communication interface RXD is connected with one end of a resistor R10 and is used as a UART serial communication interface RXD end of an RS-422 communication protocol conversion and isolation module; the power supply end of the power supply module is respectively connected with the other end of the resistor R10, one end of the capacitor C13 and one end of the resistor R11 and is used as a 3.3V power supply input end of the RS-422 communication protocol conversion and isolation module;
the other end of the capacitor C13 is digitally DGND;
the other end of the resistor R11 is connected with an input stage anode of an optocoupler U6;
and the input stage cathode of the optical coupler U6 is used as a UART serial communication interface TXD end of the RS-422 communication protocol conversion and isolation module.
2. The pressure signal scanning measurement system of claim 1, wherein the first through Mth pressure sensor cores are silicon piezoresistive pressure sensor cores.
3. Pressure signal scanning measuring system according to claim 1, characterized in that said step S2 comprises the following sub-steps:
s21, performing smooth filtering on the pressure digital signal;
s22, performing the smooth filtered pressure digital signal by the following formula
Filtering:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
is composed of
The filtered digital signal of the pressure is then used,
is composed of
The digital signal of the pressure before the filtering,
is the number of machine cycles of the processor,
is composed of
And (4) filtering coefficients.
4. A pressure signal scanning measuring system according to claim 3, wherein the step S3 is implemented by calculating a pressure value according to the filtered pressure digital signal by the following formula:
P=K1*1+K2×VPT1+K3×VPT12+K4×VPT13+K5×VPT14+K6×VP+K7×VPT1×VP+K8×VPT12×VP+K9×VPT13×VP+K10×VPT14×VP+K11×VP2+K12×VPT1×VP2+K13×VPT12×VP2+K14×VPT13×VP2+K15×VPT14×VP2+K16×VP3+K17×VPT1×VP3+K18×VPT12×VP3
wherein P is a pressure value, K1-K18 are first to eighteenth characteristic coefficients, VP is a filtered pressure digital signal, and VPT1 is a compensation voltage.
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