CN114294046B - Coal mine area full-coverage underground three-dimensional extraction method - Google Patents
Coal mine area full-coverage underground three-dimensional extraction method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of coal mine extraction, and particularly relates to an up-and-down three-dimensional extraction method for a full-coverage well in a coal mine area. The invention comprises a mining area divided into a planning area, a preparation area, a production area and a goaf; the extraction of the planning area is to perform ground pre-extraction 8-10 years in advance when the gas content is larger than the coal mine safety development tolerance value, and perform 'gas extraction firstly and coal extraction secondly'; the extraction of the preparation area is carried out 5-10 years after the extraction of the planning area, and the ground and underground combined extraction process is adopted for carrying out the pre-extraction, so that the 'extraction is carried out firstly and then the extraction is carried out'; after the extraction of the planning area and the preparation area reach the standard, the production area carries out continuous reinforced extraction of the mining working face, and the extraction is carried out firstly and then; entering a goaf after the extraction of the production area is completed; realize the full coverage extraction before, during and after the extraction. The invention realizes full-coverage extraction before, during and after extraction, and the extraction should be completely carried out, and the extraction reaches the standard, thereby ensuring the safe production of coal mines, greatly reducing the extraction cost, improving the extraction quantity and ensuring the extraction safety.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of coal mine gas extraction, and particularly relates to an up-and-down three-dimensional extraction method for a full-coverage well in a coal mine area.
Background
The modern large-scale coal mining is sequentially advanced according to the sequence of a planning area, a preparation area, a production area and a goaf, different modes of extraction are required for the area to solve the problem of coal mine gas disasters, generally, the planning area is pre-extracted for 5-10 years and then is converted into the preparation area, the preparation area is extracted for 3-5 years and then is converted into the production area, and the production area is then converted into the goaf.
The traditional extraction method adopts two types, one type adopts an underground extraction mode, the method has a large number of people entering a well, the underground engineering quantity is large, the extraction is influenced by underground time and space, the gas treatment cost is high, the full coverage extraction cannot be realized, and the gas content and the gas pressure are reduced regionally; the other is to perform exploration and development within the range of the coal bed gas ore right, the economic benefit is emphasized, the underground mining is basically not combined, when the ground well is affected by underground engineering, the ground well cannot be used for multiple purposes, a scrapping mode is adopted, engineering waste is caused, and the cost is high.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides an up-and-down three-dimensional extraction method for a full-coverage well of a coal mining area, which aims to solve the problem of coordinated development of coal and coalbed methane.
The invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme: the fully-covered underground three-dimensional extraction method for the coal mine area comprises the steps that a mining area is divided into a planning area, a preparation area, a production area and a goaf; the extraction of the planning area is to pre-extract the ground 8-10 years in advance when the gas content is larger than the coal mine safety exploitation allowable value, and realize 'firstly gas extraction and then coal extraction', so as to realize the achievement of the standard of regional extraction; the extraction of the preparation area is carried out 5-10 years after the extraction of the planning area, a ground and underground combined gas control mode is adopted, the extraction is carried out firstly, then the extraction is carried out, and the fracturing and the extraction of a ground well are adopted; the extraction of the production area is that after the extraction of the area reaches the standard in the planning area and the preparation area, the extraction working face continues to strengthen the extraction, and the extraction is carried out firstly and then; the production area comprises a digging area and a stoping surface, and the digging area adopts underground extraction or underground combined extraction to realize digging while extracting; the extraction area adopts underground extraction or extraction of a mining well to realize extraction while extraction; after the extraction of the production area is finished, the production area enters a goaf, and the goaf is extracted by adopting a ground drilling method; realize the full coverage extraction before, during and after the extraction.
Furthermore, when the gas content of the original coal reservoir is higher than 8m < 3 >/t and the gas pressure is high and 0.74MPa, the gas needs to be extracted in the planning area, a vertical well, a directional well and a cluster well are adopted firstly, then a ground fracturing yield-increasing transformation process is adopted, and finally ground drainage and depressurization are adopted, so that coal bed gas ground pre-extraction is realized;
the vertical wells, the directional wells and the cluster wells adopt five-point well patterns, the wells are vertically distributed along the main penetration direction and the direction perpendicular to the main penetration direction, one well is positioned in the middle, and the other four wells are arranged in a diamond shape; the well spacing was 200×300m.
Furthermore, the extraction of the preparation area is carried out under the conditions that the gas content is lower than a safe exploitation allowable value, higher than a safe production allowable value of a coal mine and the gas pressure is higher than the safe production allowable value, a strip type ground coal bed gas well deployment method is adopted, drilling is carried out in a strip type ground arrangement mode in a roadway area to be tunneled in the coal mine, and then fracturing is carried out to change the stratum stress value.
Furthermore, the well drilling is a vertical well group, the vertical well group is provided with a plurality of wells, the well spacing is 200-250m, the vertical well group is arranged on a roadway protection coal pillar in a preparation area, a two-well structure is adopted, and one well is formed: drilling by adopting a drill bit with the diameter of phi 311.1mm, and drilling through loess and loose rock layers on the surface until the depth is 10m below bedrock; setting down a J55 phi 244.5mm surface casing until 0.5m from the bottom of an open hole; cementing by adopting conventional density cement, wherein the cement returns to the ground surface;
two open wells: and (3) drilling a final hole of 30-50m below a bottom plate of the target layer by adopting a drill bit with the diameter of 215.9mm, and putting a production casing with the diameter of 139.7mm/N80 into the bottom of the well to perform conventional density well cementation.
Further, or the well is a horizontal well, the horizontal well is positioned on a roadway protection coal pillar in the preparation area, the tail end of the horizontal well points to a planned roadway cut, and the horizontal well is subjected to staged fracturing according to the spacing of 100 m;
the horizontal well adopts a three-well structure, and one well: drilling a stable bedrock by adopting a drill bit with the diameter of phi 381mm for 30m, putting a J55 steel grade phi 273.1mm surface casing pipe into the stable bedrock, and returning well cementation cement to the ground;
two open wells: drilling a target layer by adopting a drill bit with diameter of 241.3mm, stopping drilling, then putting a technical sleeve with diameter of 193.7mm of J55 steel grade into a position 3-5m above the coal seam roof according to the properties of the coal seam roof and the actual conditions in the drilling process, returning high-density cement to 200-300m above the coal seam roof in a planning area, and returning low-density cement out of a wellhead;
three open wells: and (3) drilling by adopting a drill bit with the diameter of phi 171.4mm, horizontally drilling along the rear edge of a target layer, extending for 10m after reaching the target range, and lowering a production sleeve with the diameter of phi 139.7mm of N80 steel grade, wherein the production sleeve is required to be lowered to the target point and extended for 10m without cementing.
Furthermore, the stoping surface of the production area adopts underground low, medium and high-position drilling extraction methods;
the underground low, medium and high-level drilling extraction method comprises the following specific steps:
deploying low-level drilling holes, wherein in the stoping process of a working face during the initial mining of a production area, when coal on the upper part of a support under the well collapses, the low-level drilling holes are revealed, the positions of the low-level drilling holes are located in the direct top range of a coal bed of the production area, and the arrangement interval of the low-level drilling holes is 10m;
deploying a median drilling: the level of the middle position drilling hole is in a mining height range of 5 times from the direct top, the distance between the level of the middle position drilling hole and the return air lane is 5-10m, and the interval between the middle position drilling holes is 10m;
deploying high-order drilling: the layer of the high-order drilling hole is located in the mining height range which is 5-10 times.
Further, the ground of the stoping surface of the production area adopts a mining well group, the mining well group is deployed at a position 40-60m away from the return air lane, the well spacing of the mining well group is 50-200m, and the whole structure of the mining well group adopts three wells:
an air down-the-hole hammer with the diameter of 425mm is adopted for opening a hole, a bedrock weathering belt is drilled through 10m, a steel grade J55 surface sleeve with the diameter of 377.7mm multiplied by 10mm is arranged, and a loose layer on the surface is sealed;
drilling a secondary well by adopting an air down-the-hole hammer drill bit with the diameter of phi 311.15mm to drill to a position 8-10 times the mining height above a top plate of a target coal seam, putting a steel grade J55 technical sleeve 05 with the diameter of phi 244.5mm multiplied by 8.94mm into the secondary well, and returning well cementation cement slurry to the ground;
the three-open-hole drilling adopts a drill bit with diameter of 215.9mm to drill to the target coal seam 08, the drilling is stopped, the well is completed by the naked eye or a screen pipe 07 with diameter of 168.28mm is put into the well until a certain height above the coal seam is reached, the well is not fixed, two open-hole and three open-hole casings are overlapped for 3m, and the naked eye below the screen pipe section.
Furthermore, the tunneling roadway of the tunneling area of the production area and the succession working face adopt area progressive directional long drill Kong Jingzhun underground to perform balanced extraction, clustered dendritic gas extraction drilling group arrangement is adopted, holes are formed at one time in large diameter, and full area accurate coverage and progressive extraction are performed on a target coal seam.
Furthermore, the combined extraction of the tunneling roadway well of the tunneling area of the production area is to perform long-borehole extraction underground and combine with the fracturing reformation of the ground well.
Further, the goaf area is divided into an open goaf area and a closed goaf area, the goaf area enters the open goaf area after the production area is completely extracted, and the open goaf area directly adopts a mining shaft of the production area; the method comprises the steps of entering a closed goaf after stoping of the open goaf is finished, and performing new construction vertical well extraction 1-2 years after the goaf is closed, wherein the vertical well is of a three-well structure, a drill bit with diameter of 311.15mm is used for one well, a surface sleeve with diameter of 244.5mm is put under a bedrock by drilling, and well cementation cement is returned to the ground surface; drilling a drill bit with diameter of 215.9mm above a fracture zone of a stope coal roof, putting a geological sleeve with diameter of 177.8mm into the drill bit, and returning well cementation cement to the ground surface; and drilling a drill bit with the diameter of phi of 152.4mm to a goaf or determining the termination depth according to the on-site gas emission condition, and completing the well with the open hole.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the planning area of the method is developed in advance of coal production for 8-10 years, a ground pre-extraction mode is adopted, a ground fracturing yield-increasing transformation process is adopted, ground drainage is adopted, the gas content and the gas pressure of ton coal are reduced, the planning area is developed for a long time, on one hand, the gas treatment cost is greatly saved (the ground gas treatment cost is about 4 yuan per ton coal per ton of gas, the underground gas treatment cost is 10-12 yuan, if ton coal is reduced by 5 yuan, the cost of ton coal is reduced by tens yuan), and on the other hand, the safety of extraction is improved; the five-point deployment of the well reduces the cost on one hand and achieves all-direction full-coverage extraction on the other hand;
2. in the preparation area of the application, in a coal mine roadway area to be tunneled, vertical well groups or horizontal wells are arranged on the ground along the roadway protection coal column strips, the coal seam stress field is changed through ground well fracturing, the problem of the outburst dangerous potential safety hazard during underground roadway tunneling is solved, underground gas treatment cost can be saved due to time ground extraction after fracturing, and ton coal gas content and gas pressure are reduced;
3. the coal production area of this application adopts: the underground extraction is carried out by fracturing the ground well, the communication between the long drilling hole and the fracturing influence area of the coal seam is directionally constructed by using a kilometer drilling machine, a three-dimensional extraction network formed by artificial cracks and the long drilling hole is formed, the large-area transformation pressure relief and gas extraction of the coal seam are realized, and the technical problems that the pressure relief is difficult in the area where single coal seam coal is produced, the gas extraction efficiency is low, the extraction standard reaching time is long and the like are solved;
4. the coal production area ground mining well group or mining L-shaped well: in the working face stoping process, goaf gas can flow into an upper corner, the existing methods such as low-position drilling, medium-position drilling and high-position drilling have limited influence on gas extraction in the upper corner region, the advantages of a ground well site are fully utilized, various mining wells are innovatively utilized, goaf gas extraction is enhanced, and the problems of underground goaf gas treatment burden and upper corner gas emission are relieved to a certain extent.
5. The open goaf directly adopts the mining well of the production area, so that the production well is multipurpose, and the effective extraction radius range of one ground extraction drilling well is equivalent to the effective control range of two underground high-level extraction drilling sites; the new construction vertical well extraction of the closed goaf has the advantages of higher extraction concentration and long extraction time, and the recovery of valuable gas resources;
therefore, the coal mine area is divided into a planning area, a preparation area, a production area and a goaf, different areas adopt different extraction methods, and gas extraction is fully carried out on coal seams of which the coal planning area, the preparation area, the production area and the goaf reach gas extraction conditions, so that full-coverage extraction before, during and after extraction is realized, the extraction should be completely carried out, the extraction reaches the standard, the safe production of the coal mine is ensured, the extraction cost is greatly reduced, the extraction quantity is improved, and the extraction safety is ensured; the problems of planning area, preparation area, production area, goaf progressive safety threshold, extraction scheme, extraction engineering quantity, extraction total quantity, extraction time prediction and the like are solved, and tens of millions of tons of safe, high-yield and high-efficiency production of the high-gas mine are realized through large-scale ground pre-extraction, underground area progressive scale extraction and ground and underground combined extraction; the method comprises the steps of firstly pumping and then constructing a coal planning area with the coal seam gas content of more than 8 cubic meters per ton and the gas pressure of more than 0.74 MPa; the coal preparation area is firstly pumped and then dug; and (3) carrying out sequential planning on the gas extraction and ground coal bed gas development under the coal mine by carrying out extraction and then extraction on a coal production area. The method realizes that the gas is completely extracted by a coal planning area, a preparation area, a production area and a goaf up-down three-dimensional extraction method, and builds an omnibearing three-dimensional gas extraction mode of coal mining and gas extraction integration and coal and gas co-extraction.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a planned zone ground pre-pump well deployment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic representation of the surface borehole fracturing effect of the staging area of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic illustration of a production well layout of a production zone of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a production wellbore construction of a production zone of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a plan view of the low, medium and high borehole deployment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of a low, medium, and high drill deployment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic illustration of balanced extraction of a progressive directional long drill Kong Jingzhun in a downhole region;
in the figure: 1-well drilling, 2-vertical well groups, 3-roadway protection coal pillars, 4-horizontal wells, 5-cutting holes, 6-fracturing influence ranges, 7-main penetration directions, 8-mining well groups, 9-well patterns, 10-low-level drilling holes, 11-middle-level drilling holes, 12-return air lanes and 13-high-level drilling holes;
01-ground; 02-drilling a well; 03-surface sleeve; 04-drilling two open wells; 05-technical sleeve; 06-three-hole drilling; 07-hanging screen pipe; 08-destination coal seam.
Detailed Description
Other advantages and effects of the present invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the following disclosure, which is to be read in light of the specific examples.
It should be understood that the structures, proportions, sizes, etc. shown in the drawings are for illustration purposes only and should not be construed as limiting the invention to the extent that it can be practiced, since modifications, changes in the proportions, or otherwise, used in the practice of the invention, are not intended to be critical to the essential characteristics of the invention, but are intended to fall within the spirit and scope of the invention. Also, the terms such as "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "middle," and "a" and the like recited in the present specification are merely for descriptive purposes and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention, but are intended to provide relative positional changes or modifications without materially altering the technical context in which the invention may be practiced.
Referring to fig. 1 to 7, the present invention provides a technical solution: the fully-covered underground three-dimensional extraction method for the coal mine area comprises the steps that a mining area is divided into a planning area, a preparation area, a production area and a goaf; the extraction of the planning area is to pre-extract the ground 8-10 years in advance when the gas content is larger than the coal mine safety exploitation allowable value, and implement 'gas production firstly, coal mining secondly' and 'gas production firstly, and then construction firstly', so that the regional extraction reaches the standard, and in the coal planning area with the coal seam gas content larger than 16 cubic meters per ton, drilling holes firstly on the ground to extract the gas, and after the coal seam gas content is reduced to below 16 cubic meters per ton, the coal mine is built again, and 'gas production firstly and coal mining secondly' are implemented, so that the effective connection of gas production and coal mining is realized; the extraction of the preparation area is carried out 5-10 years after the extraction of the planning area, the ground and underground combined gas control mode is adopted to implement 'first extraction and then extraction', the ground well fracturing and extraction are adopted to solve the problems of gas overrun and outburst in the tunneling process, and particularly the high-pressure area for collecting gas is damaged and released through fracturing; realizing the achievement of the standard of regional extraction; the extraction of the production area is that after the extraction of the areas reaches the standard in the planning area and the preparation area, the extraction working face continues to strengthen extraction, the extraction is carried out firstly, then the extraction is carried out, in the area of a roadway to be tunneled in a coal mine, vertical well groups or horizontal wells are arranged on the ground along the strip shape of the roadway, gas is extracted in advance, such as U-shaped butt-joint wells and L-shaped ground pre-extraction wells, and multi-section fracturing is carried out, so that the problems of gas overrun and outburst in the roadway tunneling process are solved; the application of the technology can solve the problems of difficult gas extraction and low pore-forming rate of the soft coal seam, and is an effective method for extracting gas from the soft coal seam in a construction area; the production area comprises a digging area and a stoping surface, and the digging area adopts underground extraction or underground combined extraction to realize digging while extracting; the extraction area adopts underground extraction or extraction well extraction to realize extraction while extraction, on the basis of original uphole and downhole pre-extraction, the underground extraction working face continues to strengthen extraction, after the gas extraction index meets the requirement of the temporary rule of the gas extraction of the coal mine reaching the standard, the extraction can be carried out, and the extraction after the extraction reaches the standard is realized; because the heterogeneity of the occurrence of gas also causes the occurrence of local abnormal conditions of the underground gas of the coal mine, the comprehensive treatment of the underground gas is still needed, the underground ventilation quantity is reduced, and the safe and efficient production of the coal is ensured, so that the extraction is further carried out; after the extraction of the production area is finished, the production area enters a goaf, and the goaf is extracted by adopting a ground drilling method; the full-coverage extraction before, during and after the extraction is realized, the extraction is completely required to reach the standard, and the safety production of the coal mine is ensured.
When the gas content of the original coal reservoir is higher than 8m < 3 >/t and the gas pressure is high and 0.74MPa, the gas needs to be extracted in the planning area, firstly, a vertical well, a directional well, a cluster well or a single-branch L-shaped well of a horizontal well, a multi-branch horizontal well, a U-shaped well and a combination thereof are adopted, then, a ground fracturing yield-increasing transformation process is adopted, and finally, ground drainage and depressurization are adopted, so that coal bed gas ground pre-extraction is realized;
the vertical well, the directional well and the cluster well adopt a five-point well pattern 9 (shown in figure 1), the vertical well pattern is distributed along the main permeation direction 7 and the vertical well pattern is perpendicular to the main permeation direction 7, one well is positioned in the middle, the other four wells are distributed in a diamond shape, when the drainage and the depressurization are carried out on the coal bed gas development, the pressure reduction between the wells is uniform, the purpose of simultaneously reducing the depressurization in the development area can be achieved, the distribution quantity is reduced, on one hand, the cost is reduced, and on the other hand, the full-coverage extraction in all directions is achieved; the well spacing is 200 multiplied by 300m, so as to ensure the economy of coal bed gas development and furthest improve the recovery ratio of the coal bed gas, the well spacing is properly large in the main penetration direction of the coal bed, and the main penetration direction is usually determined according to the main extension direction of the coal reservoir cracks, the trend of rock stratum joints, the direction of modern stress and the like; and in combination with the productivity distribution condition and economic aspect of coal bed gas development with different well intervals, the well interval of 200 multiplied by 300m is adopted.
The production mechanism of the coal bed gas is fundamentally different from that of conventional natural gas, the gas is mainly adsorbed in the coal bed in an adsorption gas form, and the gas can be slowly released when the reservoir pressure is continuously and stably reduced and a fracture system is developed, so that the ground gas extraction speed is lower; considering that the ground gas extraction investment is large and the recovery period is long, the ground gas extraction time is early and not late to ensure the economic benefit of coal enterprises, so that the planning construction of the ground gas pre-extraction is carried out on a coal planning area 8-10 years in advance, and the ground gas extraction is mainly carried out in a ground pre-extraction well mode in the planning area; the following are also included depending on the well:
1) Vertical well: penetrating the coal seam from the direction of the layer surface of the nearly vertical coal seam, completing a plurality of wells by adopting a casing cementing process, then communicating the coal seam with the well bore by utilizing a shaped-charge perforation mode, completing a part of wells by adopting an open hole mode, and directly communicating the coal seam with the production well bore;
2) Cluster well: two or more directional well groups are planned to be drilled on one well site, and the method is applied to areas with poor ground conditions and inconvenient well sites, wherein the cluster wells save land resources, are convenient for drilling and fracturing operations, can uniformly carry out fracturing and drainage maintenance, have lower ground construction cost and management cost, but have large control difficulty of well track, high equipment and technical requirements and long drilling period;
3) Multi-branch horizontal well: the multi-branch horizontal well integrates drilling, well completion and yield increasing measures, can improve single well yield, accelerate gas production speed and is convenient for subsequent coal mining;
4) U-shaped well: the directional well is communicated with a vertical well at the far end of the directional well in the underground, a coal bed fluid circulation system is established, and then later drainage and production operation is carried out at the vertical well end, and the U-shaped well has the advantages of large single well control area, high single well productivity and the like;
5) Single branch L-well (drilling platform): the vertical well is removed on the basis of the U-shaped well, the engineering well produces the aquatic gas, and the drainage and production equipment mainly uses jet pumps, electric submersible screw pumps and other equipment; the drilling platform of a plurality of L-shaped wells can be constructed in one well site according to the topography condition and the extraction requirement; the drilling platform establishes group well arrangement, scale construction, integrates resource and unified management organization management modes, forms an integrated organization tie which is mutually connected and managed, and performs batched construction operation on each link in the construction process of the multi-port coal-bed gas well in a pipelining mode according to construction requirements of unified standards of each process, thereby intensively constructing and developing resources, improving development efficiency and reducing management and construction operation cost.
The extraction of the preparation area is carried out under the conditions that the gas content is lower than a safe development allowable value, higher than a safe production allowable value of a coal mine and the gas pressure is higher than the safe production allowable value, a strip type ground coal-bed gas well deployment method is adopted, drilling holes 1 are arranged on the ground in a strip type in a roadway area to be tunneled of the coal mine (as shown in figure 2), and then fracturing is carried out to change the stratum stress value; the method solves the problems of gas overrun and outburst in the tunneling process, particularly the problems that a high-pressure area is gathered by fracturing and gas is released, and a preparation area refers to an original reservoir affected by mining.
The well drilling 1 is a vertical well group 2, the vertical well group 2 is provided with a plurality of wells, the well spacing is 200-250m, the well drilling 1 is distributed on a roadway protection coal pillar 3 in a preparation area, a two-well structure is adopted, and one well is formed: drilling by adopting a drill bit with the diameter of phi 311.1mm, and drilling through loess and loose rock layers on the surface until the depth is 10m below bedrock; setting down a J55 phi 244.5mm surface casing until 0.5m from the bottom of an open hole; cementing by adopting conventional density cement, wherein the cement returns to the ground surface;
two open wells: and (3) drilling a final hole of 30-50m below a bottom plate of the target layer by adopting a drill bit with the diameter of 215.9mm, and putting a production casing with the diameter of 139.7mm/N80 into the bottom of the well to perform conventional density well cementation.
Or the well drilling 1 is a horizontal well 4, the horizontal well 4 is positioned on a roadway protection coal pillar 3 in a preparation area, the tail end of the horizontal well 4 points to a planned roadway cutting hole 5, and the horizontal well 4 is subjected to staged fracturing according to a distance of 100 m;
the horizontal well 4 adopts a three-well structure, and one well is formed: drilling a stable bedrock by adopting a drill bit with the diameter of phi 381mm for 30m, putting a J55 steel grade phi 273.1mm surface casing pipe into the stable bedrock, and returning well cementation cement to the ground;
two open wells: drilling a target layer by adopting a drill bit with diameter of 241.3mm, stopping drilling, then putting a technical sleeve with diameter of 193.7mm of J55 steel grade into a position 3-5m above the coal seam roof according to the properties of the coal seam roof and the actual conditions in the drilling process, returning high-density cement to 200-300m above the coal seam roof in a planning area, and returning low-density cement out of a wellhead;
three open wells: and (3) drilling by adopting a drill bit with the diameter of phi 171.4mm, horizontally drilling along the rear edge of a target layer, extending for 10m after reaching the target range, and lowering a production sleeve with the diameter of phi 139.7mm of N80 steel grade, wherein the production sleeve is required to be lowered to the target point and extended for 10m without cementing.
The preparation area is fractured and then has time to perform ground pre-extraction, the fracturing influence range gas bag can be damaged through fracturing transformation, the reservoir permeability is enhanced, the subsequent underground long-drilling gas extraction is facilitated, the problem that the underground roadway is tunneled is prone to prominent dangerous potential safety hazards is solved, and the safety benefit is remarkable.
As shown in fig. 5 and 6, the underground low, medium and high drill hole extraction method is adopted in the stoping surface of the production area, so that the problem of gas extraction in a fracture zone from the initial extraction period to the initial breaking of the basic roof is solved;
the method for extracting the underground low, medium and high-position drilling groups comprises the following specific steps of:
(1) In the process of stoping a working face during initial mining of a production area, when coal left on the upper part of a downhole bracket collapses, the low-level drill holes 10 are adopted to reveal that the layer of the low-level drill holes 10 is in the direct top range of a coal bed in the production area, the arrangement interval of the low-level drill holes 10 is 10m, the upper coal bed collapses after the stoping of a cutting hole, the low-level holes play a role in extracting coal left gas, the low-level drill holes can extract the coal left gas of the cutting hole and the coal left gas in a goaf, and play a role in both the initial mining and the normal stoping of the working face;
(2) Deploying a median drilling: the level of the middle position drilling hole 11 is in a mining height range of 5 times from the direct top, the distance between the level of the middle position drilling hole 11 and the return air lane 12 is 5-10m, and the interval between the middle position drilling holes 11 is 10m; the roof in the initial mining stage is not completely crossed, the falling zone and the fracture zone are not clearly divided, after the gas in the goaf in the initial mining stage is directly jacked and fallen down, the middle position hole plays a role, the middle position hole can play a role before the high position hole does not play a role before the roof is initially mined and pressed in the initial mining period of the working face, the period is very critical, the gas extraction method is not very effective, and the gas treatment pressure before the high position hole does not play a role is greatly relieved by the middle position hole extraction;
(3) Deploying high-order drilling: the layer of the high-level drilling hole 13 is in a mining height range of 5-10 times, and the high-level drilling hole plays a role after the old roof collapses.
The production well extraction of the recovery zone of the production zone adopts a production well group 8 of a ground production well or a production well vertical well group or an L-shaped well, the production well group 8 is deployed at a position 40-60m away from a return airway, the well spacing of the production well group 8 is 50-200m, and the whole structure of the production well group 8 adopts three wells, as shown in fig. 3-4:
(1) An air down-the-hole hammer with the diameter of 425mm is adopted for opening a hole, a bedrock weathering belt is drilled through 10m, a steel grade J55 surface sleeve with the diameter of 377.7mm multiplied by 10mm is arranged, and a loose layer on the surface is sealed;
(2) Drilling a secondary well by adopting an air down-the-hole hammer drill bit with the diameter of phi 311.15mm to drill to a position 8-10 times the mining height above a top plate of a target coal seam, putting a steel grade J55 technical sleeve 05 with the diameter of phi 244.5mm multiplied by 8.94mm into the secondary well, and returning well cementation cement slurry to the ground;
(3) Three-open-hole drilling 06 adopts a drill bit with diameter of 215.9mm to drill to a target coal seam 08 to stop drilling, an open-hole well completion or a hanging screen pipe 07 with diameter of 168.28mm is adopted to adopt a hanger structure to a certain height above the coal seam, well cementation is not carried out, two open-hole and three-open-hole casings are overlapped for 3m, the open hole is arranged below the screen pipe section, gas in a goaf can flow into an upper corner in the working face extraction process, the gas extraction effect of the upper corner area is limited by the existing methods such as low, medium and high drilling and the like, the ground well site advantage is fully utilized, various mining wells are innovatively utilized, the goaf gas extraction is enhanced, the gas management burden of the underground goaf is relieved to a certain extent, the problems of gas overrun in the upper corner and the goaf emission in the extraction process of the coal face are solved; the mining well coal bed gas ground extraction method fully utilizes the coal bed extraction pressure relief and permeability improvement effects, adopts ground drilling to extract coal bed gas in a mining pressure relief area and a goaf, solves the problems of gas emission and upper corner gas overrun in the goaf during coal face extraction, and mainly comprises a mining vertical well and a mining L-shaped well.
The tunneling roadway of the tunneling area of the production area and the succession working face are subjected to underground balanced extraction by adopting an area progressive directional long drill Kong Jingzhun (shown in figure 7), clustered dendritic gas extraction drilling hole group arrangement is adopted, holes are formed at one time in large diameter, full-area accurate coverage and progressive extraction are carried out on a target coal seam; the gas content of the target coal seam is uniformly reduced, the problems that the conventional drilling track is uncontrollable, a drainage blind area is easy to form and the like are effectively solved, and the accurate standard reaching is realized, and the blind area is avoided; it needs to meet the following requirements: 1, the working face before fracturing the ground well is not recovered, and the underground pumping hole is separated from the ground well by more than 200 m; 2, the ground condition is proper; and 3, after the ground well is fractured, drilling holes in kilometer drilling construction can be covered in the area quickly, if the conditions are not met, 1, only the drilling and completion engineering can be completed, subsequent fracturing cannot be performed, engineering waste is caused, and if the distance is not met, underground accidents can be caused. The well fractures the coal seam through ground drilling, the long drilling hole and the fracturing influence area of the coal seam are directionally constructed by using the kilometer drilling machine to communicate, a three-dimensional extraction network formed by artificial cracks and the long drilling hole is formed, large-area transformation pressure relief and gas extraction of the coal seam are realized, and the technical problems that a single coal seam coal extraction area is difficult to relieve pressure, the gas extraction efficiency is low, the extraction standard reaching time is long and the like are solved.
The combined extraction of the tunneling roadway of the tunneling area of the production area is to perform long-borehole extraction underground, and the underground long-borehole extraction and the ground fracturing transformation technology are effectively coupled by combining the ground well fracturing transformation technology.
The goaf area is divided into an open goaf area and a closed goaf area, the goaf area enters the open goaf area after extraction is completed, the open goaf area directly adopts a mining well of the production area, so that one well is multipurpose, and the effective extraction radius range of one ground extraction drilling well is equivalent to the effective control range of two underground high-level extraction drilling sites; the method comprises the steps of entering a closed goaf after stoping of the open goaf is finished, and performing new construction vertical well extraction 1-2 years after the goaf is closed, wherein the vertical well is of a three-well structure, a drill bit with diameter of 311.15mm is used for one well, a surface sleeve with diameter of 244.5mm is put under a bedrock by drilling, and well cementation cement is returned to the ground surface; drilling a drill bit with the diameter of 215.9mm above a fracture zone (more than 8-10 times of the mining height) of a stope coal roof, putting a geological sleeve with the diameter of 177.8mm into the drill bit, and returning well cementation cement to the ground surface; drilling a drill bit with the diameter of phi of 152.4mm to a goaf or determining the termination depth according to the gas emission condition on site, and completing the well with the open hole; the goaf gas control is an important link in the high-gas mine gas control, when the goaf gas concentration reaches the explosion limit, sparks are easily generated due to the goaf roof falling and other conditions, a fire source is provided for gas explosion, underground pipeline methods and drilling methods are adopted in the goaf gas extraction of the coal mine in China, the underground extraction pipelines and ground extraction systems are utilized for gas extraction in the pipeline methods, and the drilling methods are inclined or trend drilling methods; the method has the advantages that the extraction flow is small, the extraction concentration is low, the extraction negative pressure is difficult to control, potential safety hazards exist in underground transportation of low-concentration gas, and the underground extraction goaf gas cannot achieve the expected effect, so that by adopting the extraction method, the gas in the open goaf can be extracted, the gas in the closed goaf can also be extracted, the extraction has the advantages of high extraction concentration and long extraction time, and valuable gas resources can be recovered.
The method is used for fully carrying out underground three-dimensional extraction on coal beds reaching gas extraction conditions in a coal planning area, a preparation area and a production area.
The gas control concept is changed from air drainage to extraction, the gas extraction rate is improved by increasing the extraction force and improving the extraction process, and the ventilation modes of special gas drainage lanes and multi-lane air inlet and multi-lane air return of the stope face are gradually canceled.
The application relates to a planning area, a preparation area and a production area, relates to wells with multiple functions, and is only one or two of the modes of other combined extraction, so that the underground full-coverage extraction cannot be realized.
The above embodiments are merely illustrative of the principles of the present invention and its effectiveness, and are not intended to limit the invention. Modifications and variations may be made to the above-described embodiments by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Accordingly, it is intended that all equivalent modifications and variations of the invention be covered by the claims, which are within the ordinary skill of the art, be within the spirit and scope of the present disclosure.
Claims (8)
1. A coal mine area full-coverage underground three-dimensional extraction method is characterized in that: the mining area is divided into a planning area, a preparation area, a production area and a goaf; the extraction of the planning area is to perform ground pre-extraction 8-10 years in advance when the gas content is larger than the coal mine safety exploitation allowable value, and realize the achievement of the standard of regional extraction by 'firstly extracting gas and then mining coal', wherein the extraction is required when the gas content of an original coal reservoir is higher than 8m < 3 >/t and the gas pressure is high and is 0.74 MPa; the extraction of the preparation area is carried out 5-10 years after the extraction of the planning area, the ground and underground combined gas control mode is adopted to carry out 'first extraction and then tunneling', the ground well fracturing and extraction are adopted, and the extraction of the preparation area is carried out under the conditions that the gas content is lower than the safe development allowable value, higher than the coal mine safe production allowable value and the gas pressure is higher than the safe production allowable value; the extraction of the production area is that after the extraction of the planning area and the preparation area reach the standard, the extraction working face continues to strengthen the extraction, the extraction is carried out firstly and then, the production area comprises an extraction area and a extraction face, and the tunneling area adopts underground extraction or underground combined extraction to realize extraction while extraction; the extraction area adopts underground extraction or extraction of a mining well to realize extraction while extraction; after the extraction of the production area is finished, the production area enters a goaf, and the goaf is extracted by adopting a ground drilling method; realizing full-coverage extraction before, during and after extraction;
the planning area adopts a vertical well, a directional well and a cluster well at first, then adopts a ground fracturing yield-increasing reconstruction process, and finally adopts ground drainage depressurization to realize ground pre-pumping of coal bed gas;
the vertical wells, the directional wells and the cluster wells adopt five-point well patterns (9), the wells are vertically distributed along the main penetration direction and the direction perpendicular to the main penetration direction, one well is positioned in the middle, and the other four wells are arranged in a diamond shape; well spacing is 200×300m;
the goaf area is divided into an open goaf area and a closed goaf area, the goaf area enters the open goaf area after the production area is completely extracted, and the open goaf area directly adopts a mining shaft of the production area; the method comprises the steps of entering a closed goaf after stoping of the open goaf is finished, and performing new construction vertical well extraction 1-2 years after the goaf is closed, wherein the vertical well is of a three-well structure, a drill bit with diameter of 311.15mm is used for one well, a surface sleeve with diameter of 244.5mm is put under a bedrock by drilling, and well cementation cement is returned to the ground surface; drilling a drill bit with the diameter of 215.9mm for secondary well drilling, drilling the drill bit with the diameter of 177.8mm for geological casing above 8-10 times the mining height of the fracture zone of the stope coal roof, and returning well cementation cement to the ground surface; and drilling a drill bit with the diameter of phi of 152.4mm to a goaf or determining the termination depth according to the on-site gas emission condition, and completing the well with the open hole.
2. The method for three-dimensional extraction of the whole coverage well in the coal mine area according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the preparation area adopts a strip type ground coal bed gas well deployment method, well drilling (1) is arranged on the ground in a strip type manner in a roadway area to be tunneled in a coal mine, and then fracturing is carried out to change the stratum stress value.
3. The method for three-dimensional extraction of the whole coverage well in the coal mine area according to claim 2, which is characterized in that: the well drilling device is characterized in that the well drilling device is a vertical well group (2), the vertical well group (2) is provided with a plurality of wells, the well spacing is 200-250m, the well is arranged on a roadway protection coal pillar (3) in a preparation area, a two-well structure is adopted, and one well is formed: drilling by adopting a drill bit with the diameter of phi 311.1mm, and drilling through loess and loose rock layers on the surface until the depth is 10m below bedrock; setting down a J55 phi 244.5mm surface casing until 0.5m from the bottom of an open hole; cementing by adopting conventional density cement, wherein the cement returns to the ground surface;
two open wells: and (3) drilling a final hole of 30-50m below a bottom plate of the target layer by adopting a drill bit with the diameter of 215.9mm, and putting a production casing with the diameter of 139.7mm/N80 into the bottom of the well to perform conventional density well cementation.
4. The method for three-dimensional extraction of the whole coverage well in the coal mine area according to claim 2, which is characterized in that: the well drilling device is characterized in that the well drilling device comprises a well drilling device, a well drilling device and a well control device, wherein the well drilling device is characterized in that the well drilling device (1) is a horizontal well (4), the horizontal well (4) is positioned on a roadway protection coal pillar (3) in a preparation area, the tail end of the horizontal well (4) points to a planned roadway cutting hole (5), and the horizontal well (4) is subjected to staged fracturing according to a distance of 100 m;
the horizontal well (4) adopts a three-well structure, and one well is formed: drilling a stable bedrock by adopting a drill bit with the diameter of phi 381mm for 30m, putting a J55 steel grade phi 273.1mm surface casing pipe into the stable bedrock, and returning well cementation cement to the ground;
two open wells: drilling a target layer by adopting a drill bit with diameter of 241.3mm, stopping drilling, then putting a technical sleeve with diameter of 193.7mm of J55 steel grade into a position 3-5m above the coal seam roof according to the properties of the coal seam roof and the actual conditions in the drilling process, returning high-density cement to 200-300m above the coal seam roof in a planning area, and returning low-density cement out of a wellhead;
three open wells: and (3) drilling by adopting a drill bit with the diameter of phi 171.4mm, horizontally drilling along the rear edge of a target layer, extending for 10m after reaching the target range, and lowering a production sleeve with the diameter of phi 139.7mm of N80 steel grade, wherein the production sleeve is required to be lowered to the target point and extended for 10m without cementing.
5. The method for three-dimensional extraction of the whole coverage well in the coal mine area according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the stoping surface of the production area adopts underground low, medium and high-position drilling extraction methods;
the underground low, medium and high-level drilling extraction method comprises the following specific steps:
(1) In the process of stoping a working face during initial mining of a production area, when coal is left behind on the upper part of a support under the well, the position of the low-level drilling holes (10) is revealed by adopting the low-level drilling holes (10), and the arrangement interval of the low-level drilling holes (10) is 10m within the direct top range of a coal bed of the production area;
(2) Deploying a median drilling: the level of the middle position drilling hole (11) is in a mining height range of 5 times from the direct top, the distance between the level of the middle position drilling hole (11) and the return air lane (12) is 5-10m, and the distance between the middle position drilling holes (11) is 10m;
(3) Deploying high-order drilling: the level of the high-level drilling hole (13) is in the mining height range of 5-10 times.
6. The method for three-dimensional extraction of the whole coverage well in the coal mine area according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the stoping surface of the production area adopts a mining well group (8), the mining well group (8) is deployed at a position 40-60m away from a return airway, the well spacing of the mining well group (8) is 50-200m, and the overall structure of the mining well group (8) adopts three wells:
(1) An air down-the-hole hammer with the diameter of 425mm is adopted for opening a hole, a bedrock weathering belt is drilled through 10m, a steel grade J55 surface sleeve with the diameter of 377.7mm multiplied by 10mm is arranged, and a loose layer on the surface is sealed;
(2) Drilling a secondary well by adopting an air down-the-hole hammer drill bit with the diameter of phi 311.15mm to drill to a position 8-10 times the mining height above a top plate of a target coal seam, putting a steel grade J55 technical sleeve with the diameter of phi 244.5mm multiplied by 8.94mm into the secondary well, and returning well cementation cement slurry to the ground;
(3) The three-open-hole drilling adopts a drill bit with diameter of 215.9mm to drill to a target coal seam, the drilling is stopped, the well is completed by the naked eye or a screen pipe with diameter of 168.28mm is put into the well to be above the coal seam, the screen pipe adopts a hanger structure, the well is not fixed, the two-open-hole casing and the three-open-hole casing are overlapped for 3m, and the naked eye below the screen pipe section.
7. The method for three-dimensional extraction of the whole coverage well in the coal mine area according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the tunneling roadway of the tunneling area of the production area and the succession working face adopt area progressive directional long drill Kong Jingzhun underground to perform balanced extraction, clustered dendritic gas extraction drilling groups are adopted to arrange, holes are formed in one step in a large diameter, and full-area accurate coverage and progressive extraction are performed on a target coal seam.
8. The method for three-dimensional extraction of the whole coverage well in the coal mine area according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the combined extraction of the tunneling roadway well up and down of the tunneling area of the production area is to carry out long-borehole extraction underground and combine with the fracturing reformation of the ground well.
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