CN114294046A - Up-down three-dimensional extraction method for full-coverage well in coal mine area - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of coal mine extraction, and particularly relates to a full-coverage up-down three-dimensional extraction method for a coal mine area. The method comprises the steps that a mining area is divided into a planning area, a preparation area, a production area and a goaf; the extraction of the planning area is to perform ground pre-extraction 8-10 years ahead of time when the gas content is larger than the safety development allowable value of the coal mine, and implement 'gas extraction first and coal extraction later'; the extraction of the preparation area is carried out 5-10 years after the extraction of the planned area, and pre-extraction is carried out by adopting a ground and underground combined extraction process to carry out 'extraction before excavation'; after the regional extraction in the planning region and the preparation region reaches the standard, the production region carries out the continuous reinforced extraction of the working face of the extraction, and the extraction is carried out firstly and then; the produced area enters a goaf after extraction is finished; and full-coverage extraction before, during and after mining is realized. The invention realizes the full-coverage extraction before, during and after mining, and the extraction shall be carried out completely and reach the standard, thereby ensuring the safety production of the coal mine, greatly reducing the extraction cost, improving the extraction quantity and ensuring the extraction safety.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of coal mine gas extraction, and particularly relates to a full-coverage up-down three-dimensional extraction method for a coal mine area.
Background
Modern large-scale coal mining is to sequentially advance according to a planning area, a preparation area, a production area and a goaf, and different ways of extraction are required to be carried out on the areas to solve the problem of coal mine gas disaster, generally, the planning area is pre-extracted for 5-10 years and then converted into the preparation area, the preparation area is extracted for 3-5 years and then converted into the production area, and the production area is then converted into the goaf.
The traditional extraction methods are two, one is an underground extraction mode, the number of people entering a well is large, the underground engineering quantity is large, the extraction is influenced by underground time and space, the gas treatment cost is high, the full-coverage extraction cannot be realized, and the gas content and the gas pressure are reduced regionally; the other method is to perform exploration and development within the coal bed gas mining weight range, pay attention to economic benefits, basically not combine with underground excavation, when a ground well is influenced by underground engineering, one well can not be used for multiple purposes, a scrapping mode is adopted for multiple purposes, engineering waste is caused, and cost is high.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a full-coverage up-down three-dimensional extraction method for a coal mine area, aiming at solving the problem of coordinated development of coal and coal bed gas.
The invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme: a coal mine area full-coverage up-down three-dimensional extraction method comprises the steps that a mine area is divided into a planning area, a preparation area, a production area and a goaf; the extraction of the planning area is to perform ground pre-extraction 8-10 years ahead when the gas content is greater than the safety development allowable value of the coal mine, and realize that the regional extraction reaches the standard by performing gas extraction first and coal extraction later; the extraction of the preparation area is carried out 5-10 years after the extraction of the planned area, and the 'extraction before excavation' is carried out by adopting a ground and underground combined gas treatment mode, and the ground well fracturing and extraction are adopted; the extraction of the production area is that after the extraction of the areas in the planning area and the preparation area reaches the standard, the extraction working face continues to be enhanced to perform extraction, and the extraction is performed after the extraction is performed; the production area comprises an excavation area and a stoping surface, and the excavation area adopts underground extraction or combined underground extraction to realize extraction while extraction; the recovery area adopts underground extraction or extraction of a mining well to realize extraction while extracting; after the extraction in the production area is finished, the production area enters a goaf, and the goaf is extracted by adopting a ground drilling method; and full-coverage extraction before, during and after mining is realized.
Furthermore, when the gas content of the original coal reservoir extracted in the planning region is higher than 8m3/t and the gas pressure is high and is 0.74MPa, the extraction is needed, firstly, a vertical well, a directional well and a cluster well are adopted, then, the yield increasing and improving process is realized through ground fracturing, and finally, ground drainage and depressurization are adopted, so that the ground pre-extraction of the coal bed gas is realized;
the vertical wells, the directional wells and the cluster wells adopt five-point well patterns and are vertically distributed along the main permeation direction and the direction vertical to the main permeation direction, one well is positioned in the middle, and the other four wells are arranged in a rhombic shape; the well spacing was 200X 300 m.
Further, the extraction of the preparation area is carried out under the conditions that the gas content is lower than a safe development allowable value, higher than a coal mine safe production allowable value and the gas pressure is higher than a safe production allowable value, a strip type ground coal bed gas well deployment method is adopted, drilling is arranged in a ground strip mode in a coal mine roadway area to be tunneled, and then fracturing is carried out to change the stratum stress value.
Further, the well drilling is a vertical well group, the vertical well group is provided with a plurality of wells, the well spacing is 200-250m, the well drilling is distributed on a roadway protection coal pillar in a preparation area, a two-well opening structure is adopted, and a first well opening: drilling with a drill bit of phi 311.1mm, and drilling through the loess and the surface loose rock layer until the depth is 10m below the bedrock; a J55 phi 244.5mm surface casing is put in until the distance is 0.5m from the bottom of an open well; cementing the well by adopting conventional density cement, and raising the cement to the ground surface;
and (2) opening a well: drilling a final hole 30-50m below a bottom plate of a target layer by using a phi 215.9mm drill bit, and putting a phi 139.7mm/N80 production casing to the bottom of the well to perform conventional density well cementation.
Further, or the well drilling is a horizontal well, the horizontal well is positioned on a roadway protection coal pillar of the preparation area, the tail end of the horizontal well points to a planned roadway cutting hole, and the horizontal well is subjected to staged fracturing according to the interval of 100 m;
the horizontal well adopts a three-opening well body structure, and a well is opened: drilling a stable bedrock 30m by using a drill bit with the diameter of 381mm, and putting a J55 steel grade surface casing with the diameter of 273.1mm, so that well cementation cement returns to the ground;
and (2) opening a well: drilling into a target layer by adopting a phi 241.3mm drill bit, stopping drilling, then according to the property of a coal seam roof and the actual situation in the drilling process, lowering a J55 steel grade phi 193.7mm technical sleeve to a position 3-5m above the coal seam roof, returning high-density cement to a position 200-300m above the coal seam roof of a planned area, and returning low-density cement out of a wellhead;
three-well opening: drilling by using a drill bit with the diameter of 171.4mm, horizontally drilling along the rear edge after entering a target layer, extending for 10m after reaching the range of a target point, putting an N80 steel-grade production casing with the diameter of 139.7mm, and extending for 10m when the production casing is lowered to the target point, and cementing without.
Furthermore, a downhole low, medium and high position drilling extraction method is adopted for the extraction surface of the production area;
the method for extracting the underground low, medium and high-position drill holes comprises the following specific steps:
deploying low-level drill holes, wherein the low-level drill holes are exposed in the working face extraction process during the initial extraction period of a production area when the coal left on the upper part of the underground support collapses, the layer position of the low-level drill holes is in the range of the direct top of the coal bed of the production area, and the arrangement interval of the low-level drill holes is 10 m;
deploying a median borehole: the horizon of the middle drill hole is within the mining height range of 5 times of the upper part of the direct roof, the distance between the horizon of the middle drill hole and the return airway is 5-10m, and the distance between the middle drill holes is 10 m;
deploying high-position drilling: the level of the high-level drilling hole is in the range of 5-10 times of the mining height.
Furthermore, a mining well group is adopted on the ground of a stoping surface of the production area, the mining well group is arranged at a position 40-60m away from the return airway, the well spacing of the mining well group is 50-200m, and the overall structure of the mining well group adopts three open wells:
drilling a well by using a phi 425mm air down-the-hole hammer, drilling through a bedrock weathering zone by 10m, setting a phi 377.7mm multiplied by 10mm steel grade J55 surface casing pipe, and sealing an earth surface loose layer;
drilling a secondary open well to a mining height 8-10 times above the target coal seam roof by adopting a phi 311.15mm air down-the-hole hammer drill bit, descending a phi 244.5mm multiplied by 8.94mm steel grade J55 technical casing 05, and returning well cementing cement slurry to the ground;
and (3) drilling the three-opening well by adopting a drill bit with the diameter of 215.9mm, stopping drilling until the coal seam 08 with the target is drilled, completing the well by using an open hole or putting a sieve tube 07 with the diameter of 168.28mm to a certain height above the coal seam, not cementing the well, overlapping the two-opening three-opening sleeve by 3m, and opening the hole below a sieve tube section.
Furthermore, the underground tunneling roadway and the taking-over working face of the driving area of the production area adopt area progressive directional long drill hole accurate balanced extraction, cluster type dendritic gas extraction drill hole group arrangement is adopted, large-diameter primary hole forming is carried out, all-area accurate coverage is carried out on the target coal seam, and progressive extraction is carried out.
Furthermore, the up-down combined extraction of the driving roadway well of the driving area of the production area is long drilling extraction under the well, and is combined with the fracturing modification of a ground well.
Furthermore, the goaf is divided into an open goaf and a closed goaf, the mined gas enters the open goaf after the extraction of the production area is finished, and the open goaf directly adopts a mining well of the production area; after the stoping of the open goaf is finished, the open goaf enters a closed goaf, a straight well is newly constructed for extraction 1-2 years after the goaf is closed, the open goaf is of a three-opening well body structure, a drill bit with the diameter of phi 311.15mm is used for opening a well, the well is drilled 10m below bedrock, a surface casing with the diameter of phi 244.5mm is put into the well, and well cement returns to the ground surface; secondly, drilling a well above a fracture zone of a top plate of the coal to be recovered by using a drill bit with the diameter of phi 215.9mm, putting a geological casing with the diameter of phi 177.8mm, and raising well cementing cement to the ground surface; and (3) drilling a third open well to a goaf by using a drill bit with the diameter of 152.4mm or completing the third open well by using an open hole according to the situation of gas emission on site.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. according to the planning region, ground extraction is carried out in advance in the coal production time of 8-10 years, a ground pre-extraction mode is adopted, through a ground fracturing yield-increasing transformation process, ground drainage and depressurization are adopted, the gas content and gas pressure of each ton of coal are reduced, and the ground extraction in the planning region is carried out for a long time, so that on one hand, the gas treatment cost is greatly saved (the gas treatment cost on the ground is about 4 yuan per square gas per ton of coal, the underground gas treatment cost is 10-12 yuan, and if the gas is reduced by 5 yuan per ton of coal, the cost for reducing each ton of coal is dozens of yuan), and on the other hand, the extraction safety is improved; the five-point deployment of the well reduces the cost on one hand, and achieves full-coverage extraction in all directions on the other hand;
2. according to the preparation area, in a roadway area to be tunneled in a coal mine, vertical well groups or horizontal wells are arranged on the ground along roadway protection coal pillars in a strip mode, a coal bed stress field is changed through ground well fracturing, the problem that dangerous potential safety hazards are highlighted during tunneling of an underground roadway is solved, time is left for ground extraction after fracturing, underground gas control cost can be saved, and gas content and gas pressure per ton of coal are reduced;
3. the coal production area of the application adopts: fracturing and underground extraction of a ground well, wherein a kilometer drilling machine is used for directionally constructing long drilled holes of a coal seam and communicating with a fracturing affected area to form a three-dimensional extraction network formed by artificial fractures and the long drilled holes, so that large-area reconstruction pressure relief and gas extraction of the coal seam are realized, and the technical problems that the pressure relief of a coal mining area of a single coal seam is difficult to realize, the gas extraction efficiency is low, the extraction standard reaching time is long and the like are solved;
4. the ground mining well group or mining L-shaped well in the coal production area comprises: in the working face stoping process, gas in the goaf can gush into the upper corner, the existing methods of low, medium and high-position drilling and the like have limited influence on gas extraction in the upper corner region, the advantages of a ground well field are fully utilized, various mining action wells are innovatively applied, the gas extraction in the goaf is enhanced, and the gas treatment burden of the underground goaf and the gas emission problem of the upper corner are relieved to a certain extent.
5. The open goaf directly adopts the mining wells of the production area, one well has multiple purposes, and the effective extraction radius range of one-off ground extraction well is equivalent to the effective control range of two underground high-position extraction drill sites; the newly constructed vertical well in the closed goaf is extracted, so that the extraction concentration is higher, the extraction time is long, and gas resources with useful values are recovered;
therefore, the coal mine is divided into a planning area, a preparation area, a production area and a goaf, different extraction methods are adopted in different areas, and gas extraction is carried out on all coal seams of which the coal planning area, the preparation area, the production area and the goaf meet gas extraction conditions, so that full-coverage extraction before, during and after mining is realized, extraction and extraction reach the standard, the safety production of the coal mine is ensured, the extraction cost is greatly reduced, the extraction amount is increased, and the extraction safety is ensured; the problems of planning areas, preparation areas, production areas and goafs progressive safety threshold values, extraction schemes, extraction engineering quantity, total extraction quantity, extraction time prediction and the like are solved, and thousands of tons of safe, high-yield and high-efficiency production of high-gas mines is realized through large-scale ground pre-extraction, progressive large-scale extraction of underground areas and ground and underground combined extraction; the method is characterized in that a coal planning region with coal seam gas content larger than 8 cubic meters per ton and gas pressure larger than 0.74MPa is 'pumped firstly and then built'; firstly pumping and then digging a coal preparation area; the coal production area is subjected to 'first pumping and then mining', and the coal mine underground gas pumping and the ground coal bed gas development are orderly planned. The coal planning region, the preparation region, the production region and the goaf are used for realizing the gas extraction completely by an up-and-down vertical extraction method, and an omnibearing vertical gas extraction mode of 'coal mining and gas extraction integration' and 'coal and gas co-extraction' is constructed.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic representation of a planned surface pre-pump well deployment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic representation of the effect of the invention on the preparation area ground borehole fracture;
FIG. 3 is a schematic representation of a production well pattern for a production zone of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic representation of a producing zone producing well configuration of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a plan view of the low, medium and high position borehole deployment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of the low, medium and high position borehole deployment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of progressive directional long-borehole accurate balanced extraction in a downhole region;
in the figure: 1-drilling, 2-vertical well group, 3-roadway protection coal pillar, 4-horizontal well, 5-cutting hole, 6-fracturing influence range, 7-main penetration direction, 8-mining well group, 9-well pattern, 10-low position drilling, 11-middle position drilling, 12-return airway and 13-high position drilling;
01-ground; 02-drilling by opening a well; 03-surface casing; 04-second well opening drilling; 05-technical sleeve; 06-three well drilling; 07-hanging a screen pipe; 08-mesh coal seam.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention is provided for illustrative purposes, and other advantages and effects of the present invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the present disclosure.
It should be understood that the structures, ratios, sizes, and the like shown in the drawings and described in the specification are only used for matching with the disclosure of the specification, so as to be understood and read by those skilled in the art, and are not used to limit the conditions under which the present invention can be implemented, so that the present invention has no technical significance, and any structural modification, ratio relationship change, or size adjustment should still fall within the scope of the present invention without affecting the efficacy and the achievable purpose of the present invention. In addition, the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "middle" and "one" used in the present specification are for clarity of description, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and the relative relationship between the terms and the terms is not to be construed as a scope of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1 to 7, the present invention provides a technical solution: a coal mine area full-coverage up-down three-dimensional extraction method comprises the steps that a mine area is divided into a planning area, a preparation area, a production area and a goaf; the extraction of the planning region is to perform ground pre-extraction 8-10 years ahead when the gas content is larger than the safety development allowable value of the coal mine, to implement gas extraction first and coal extraction later and to implement extraction first and construction later, to realize the standard of regional extraction, to extract gas in the coal planning region with the gas content of the coal seam larger than 16 cubic meters per ton, to extract gas by drilling on the ground first, to reduce the gas content of the coal seam to below 16 cubic meters per ton, to construct the coal mine, to implement gas extraction first and coal extraction later, to realize effective connection of gas extraction and coal mining; the extraction of the preparation area is carried out 5-10 years after the extraction of the planning area, a ground and underground combined gas treatment mode is adopted, the 'extraction after excavation' is carried out, the ground well fracturing and extraction are adopted, the problem that gas is over-limited and protruded in the tunneling process is solved, and particularly, the gas is accumulated in a high-pressure area through fracturing damage and gas release; the extraction of the region reaches the standard; the extraction of the production area is to realize that the area extraction reaches the standard in the planning area and the preparation area, the extraction working face continues to strengthen extraction, and the 'extraction before extraction' is carried out, wherein in the area of a roadway to be tunneled in a coal mine, a vertical well group or a horizontal well is arranged on the ground along the roadway in a strip shape to extract gas in advance, such as a U-shaped butt joint well and an L-shaped ground pre-extraction well, and multi-section fracturing is carried out, so that the problems of gas overrun and outburst in the process of tunneling the roadway are solved; the application of the technology can solve the problems of difficult gas extraction and low pore-forming rate of the soft coal seam, and is an effective method for extracting gas from the soft coal seam in the structural region; the production area comprises an excavation area and a stoping surface, and the excavation area adopts underground extraction or combined underground extraction to realize extraction while extraction; the extraction area adopts underground extraction or extraction of a mining well to realize extraction while extracting, on the basis of pre-extraction on and under the original well, the underground extraction working face continues to perform enhanced extraction, and extraction can be performed after the gas extraction index meets the requirement of temporary standard of coal mine gas extraction, so that extraction after extraction is performed first and extraction is performed to reach the standard; due to the heterogeneity of the gas occurrence, the local gas abnormal condition under the coal mine is caused, but the comprehensive treatment of the gas under the coal mine is still needed, the ventilation quantity under the coal mine is reduced, the safe and efficient production of the coal is ensured, and the gas is further extracted; after the extraction in the production area is finished, the production area enters a goaf, and the goaf is extracted by adopting a ground drilling method; the full-coverage extraction before, during and after mining is realized, the extraction is required to reach the standard, and the safety production of the coal mine is ensured.
The method comprises the following steps that when the gas content of an original coal reservoir layer extracted in a planning region is higher than 8m3/t and the gas pressure is high by 0.74MPa, extraction is needed, a vertical well, a directional well, a cluster well or a horizontal well single-branch L-shaped well, a multi-branch horizontal well, a U-shaped well and a combination of the two wells are adopted, then a ground fracturing production-increasing transformation process is carried out, and finally ground drainage and depressurization are adopted to realize ground pre-extraction of coal bed gas;
the vertical wells, the directional wells and the cluster wells adopt a five-point well pattern 9 (shown in figure 1), the wells are vertically distributed along the main permeation direction 7 and the direction perpendicular to the main permeation direction 7, one well is positioned in the middle, the other four wells are arranged in a diamond shape, when the well pattern is used for developing, draining and depressurizing coal bed gas, the pressure reduction between the wells is uniform, the purpose of simultaneously depressurizing a development area can be achieved, the distribution quantity is reduced, on one hand, the cost is reduced, and on the other hand, full-coverage extraction in all directions is achieved; the well spacing is 200 x 300m, in order to ensure the economy of coal bed gas development and improve the recovery ratio of the coal bed gas to the maximum extent, the well spacing is required to be properly large in the main permeation direction of the coal bed, and the main permeation direction is usually determined according to the main extension direction of coal reservoir fractures, the trend of rock stratum joints, the direction of modern ground stress and other methods; the well spacing of 200 multiplied by 300m is adopted in combination with the productivity distribution condition and economic consideration of the coal bed gas development with different well spacing in the drainage and production time.
The output mechanism of the coal bed gas is fundamentally different from that of the conventional natural gas, the gas is mainly absorbed in the coal bed in an adsorbed gas form, and can be slowly released when the reservoir pressure is continuously and stably reduced and a fracture system develops, so that the ground gas extraction speed is slow; considering that the ground gas extraction investment is large and the recovery period is long, and in order to guarantee the economic benefit of coal enterprises, the time for extracting the gas from the ground is early and not late, therefore, the construction for planning the ground gas pre-extraction in a coal planning area is carried out at least 8-10 years ahead of schedule, and the planning area mainly adopts a ground pre-extraction well mode to extract the gas from the ground; the following are also included according to the well type:
1) vertical wells: penetrating the coal seam from the direction close to the vertical coal seam layer, completing the well by adopting a casing cementing process in most wells, communicating the coal seam with a well hole in a shaped perforation mode, and completing the well by adopting an open hole mode in part of wells to directly communicate the coal seam with a production well hole;
2) cluster wells: two or more directional well groups are planned to be drilled on a well site, the method is applied to areas with poor ground conditions and inconvenient well sites, the cluster wells save land resources, are convenient for drilling and fracturing operation, can uniformly perform fracturing and discharge and mining maintenance, and have low ground construction cost and management cost, but the method has high difficulty in controlling well tracks, high requirements on equipment and technology and long drilling period;
3) a multi-branch horizontal well: the multi-branch horizontal well integrates drilling, well completion and production increasing measures, can improve the yield of a single well, quickens the gas production speed and facilitates subsequent coal mining;
4) a U-shaped well: the directional well is communicated with a far-end straight well underground to establish a coal bed fluid circulating system, so that later-stage drainage and production operation is carried out at the straight well end, and the U-shaped well has the advantages of large single-well control area, high single-well productivity and the like;
5) single branch L-wells (drilling platform): the vertical well is removed on the basis of the U-shaped well, the engineering well produces water and gas, and the drainage and production equipment mainly uses equipment such as a jet pump, an electric submersible screw pump and the like; according to the terrain condition and the extraction requirement, a drilling platform of a plurality of L-shaped wells can be constructed at a well site; the drilling platform establishes an organization management mode of group well arrangement, scale construction, resource integration and unified management, forms an integrated organization link which is mutually connected and managed and integrated, and simultaneously utilizes a plurality of units to carry out batch construction operation on each link in the construction process of the multi-coal-bed gas well in a flow line mode according to the construction requirements of unified standards of each procedure, thereby integrating construction and development resources, improving the development efficiency and reducing the management and construction operation cost.
The extraction of the preparation area is carried out under the conditions that the gas content is lower than a safe development allowable value, higher than a coal mine safe production allowable value and the gas pressure is higher than a safe production allowable value, a strip type ground coal bed gas well deployment method is adopted, a well 1 is arranged in a ground strip shape in a coal mine roadway area to be tunneled (as shown in figure 2), and then the fracturing is carried out to change the stratum stress value; the problem of gas overrun and outburst in the tunneling process of the roadway is solved, particularly, a high-pressure area is formed by fracturing damage and gas release, and a preparation area refers to an original reservoir layer affected by mining.
The well 1 is a vertical well group 2, the vertical well group 2 is provided with a plurality of wells, the well spacing is 200-250m, the well is distributed on a roadway protection coal pillar 3 of a preparation area, a two-well opening structure is adopted, and one well opening: drilling with a drill bit of phi 311.1mm, and drilling through the loess and the surface loose rock layer until the depth is 10m below the bedrock; a J55 phi 244.5mm surface casing is put in until the distance is 0.5m from the bottom of an open well; cementing the well by adopting conventional density cement, and raising the cement to the ground surface;
and (2) opening a well: drilling a final hole 30-50m below a bottom plate of a target layer by using a phi 215.9mm drill bit, and putting a phi 139.7mm/N80 production casing to the bottom of the well to perform conventional density well cementation.
Or the well 1 is a horizontal well 4, the horizontal well 4 is positioned on a roadway protection coal pillar 3 of the preparation area, the tail end of the horizontal well 4 points to a planned roadway cutting hole 5, and the horizontal well 4 is subjected to staged fracturing according to the spacing of 100 m;
the horizontal well 4 adopts a three-opening well body structure, and a well is opened: drilling a stable bedrock 30m by using a drill bit with the diameter of 381mm, and putting a J55 steel grade surface casing with the diameter of 273.1mm, so that well cementation cement returns to the ground;
and (2) opening a well: drilling into a target layer by adopting a phi 241.3mm drill bit, stopping drilling, then according to the property of a coal seam roof and the actual situation in the drilling process, lowering a J55 steel grade phi 193.7mm technical sleeve to a position 3-5m above the coal seam roof, returning high-density cement to a position 200-300m above the coal seam roof of a planned area, and returning low-density cement out of a wellhead;
three-well opening: drilling by using a drill bit with the diameter of 171.4mm, horizontally drilling along the rear edge after entering a target layer, extending for 10m after reaching the range of a target point, putting an N80 steel-grade production casing with the diameter of 139.7mm, and extending for 10m when the production casing is lowered to the target point, and cementing without.
After the preparation area is fractured, the ground pre-extraction can be carried out, the extraction time is not enough, the gas packet in the fracturing influence range can be damaged through fracturing modification, the permeability of a reservoir is enhanced, the follow-up underground long-drill-hole gas extraction is facilitated, the problem that the outburst dangerous potential safety hazard exists during underground roadway excavation is solved, and the safety benefit is obvious.
As shown in fig. 5 and 6, the extraction method of underground low, medium and high-position drill holes is adopted underground at the extraction surface of the production area, so that gas extraction in a fracture zone from the initial extraction period to the initial breaking of a basic roof is realized;
the extraction method of the underground low, medium and high-position drill hole groups comprises the following specific steps as shown in figures 5-6:
(1) deploying low-level drill holes, wherein the low-level drill holes 10 are exposed in the process of stoping on a working face during the initial mining of a production area, when the left coal on the upper part of an underground support collapses, the layer position of the low-level drill holes 10 is in the range of the direct top of the coal bed of the production area, the arrangement interval of the low-level drill holes 10 is 10m, after the cutting hole stoping, the upper coal bed collapses, the low-level holes play a role, the left coal gas is extracted, the low-level drill holes can extract cutting hole coal dropping pressure relief gas and goaf retention gas, and the low-level drill holes can play a role in the initial mining and normal stoping periods of the working face;
(2) deploying a median borehole: the horizon of the middle drill hole 11 is within the mining height range of 5 times of the upper part of the direct roof, the distance between the horizon of the middle drill hole 11 and the return airway 12 is 5-10m, and the distance between the middle drill holes 11 is 10 m; the top plate at the initial mining stage is incompletely spanned and falls, the caving zone and the fracture zone are not clearly divided, the gas in the goaf at the initial mining stage is extracted by the middle-position drill hole, the middle-position hole plays a role after the direct roof falls down, the middle-position drill hole can play a role before the top plate is initially mined and pressed during the initial mining period of the working face and before the high-position drill hole does not play a role, the time is very critical, no effective gas extraction method is provided, and the gas treatment pressure before the high-position drill hole does not play a role is greatly relieved by the middle-position drill hole extraction;
(3) deploying high-position drilling: the layer of the high-position drilling hole 13 is within the mining height range of 5-10 times, and the high-position drilling hole plays a role after old roofs collapse.
The extraction of the mining wells in the recovery area of the production area adopts a ground mining well or a mining empty well straight well group or a mining well group 8 of an L-shaped well, the mining well group 8 is deployed at a position 40-60m away from the return airway, the well spacing of the mining well group 8 is 50-200m, and the overall structure of the mining well group 8 adopts three open wells, as shown in figures 3-4:
(1) drilling a well by using a phi 425mm air down-the-hole hammer, drilling through a bedrock weathering zone by 10m, setting a phi 377.7mm multiplied by 10mm steel grade J55 surface casing pipe, and sealing an earth surface loose layer;
(2) drilling a secondary open well to a mining height 8-10 times above the target coal seam roof by adopting a phi 311.15mm air down-the-hole hammer drill bit, descending a phi 244.5mm multiplied by 8.94mm steel grade J55 technical casing 05, and returning well cementing cement slurry to the ground;
(3) the three-well drilling 06 is that a drill bit with phi 215.9mm is adopted for drilling, the drilling is stopped when the drill bit drills to a target coal seam 08, the open hole is completed or a hanging screen pipe 07 with phi 168.28mm is put into the open hole to a certain height above the coal seam without well cementation, the two-well drilling three-opening casing is overlapped for 3m, the open hole is arranged below the screen pipe section, in the stoping process of a working face, the gas in the goaf can be gushed into the upper corner, the gas extraction in the upper corner area is limited by the existing methods of low, medium and high position drilling and the like, the ground well field advantage is fully utilized, the pressure relief and permeability increase effect of the stoping goaf of the coal seam is utilized, various mining wells are innovatively utilized, the gas extraction is strengthened, the gas treatment burden of the underground goaf is relieved to a certain extent, the gas in the stoping area and the gas in the stoping area are extracted by ground drilling, and the problems that the gas at the upper corner exceeds the limit of the gas and the goaf in the stoping process of the working face are solved; the mining well coal bed gas ground extraction method fully utilizes the coal bed stoping pressure relief anti-reflection effect, and utilizes ground drilling to extract coal bed gas in a mining pressure relief area and a goaf, so that the problems of gas gushed from the goaf and gas at an upper corner exceeding the limit in the stoping process of a coal face are solved, and a mining straight well and a mining L-shaped well are mainly adopted.
Adopting underground excavation roadway and taking-over working face of an excavation region of the production region to perform regional progressive directional long-borehole accurate balanced extraction (as shown in figure 7), adopting cluster type dendritic gas extraction borehole group arrangement, forming a hole at one time with a large diameter, performing full-region accurate coverage on a target coal seam, and performing progressive extraction; the gas content of the target coal seam is integrally and uniformly reduced, the problems that the conventional drilling track is not controllable, extraction blind areas are easy to form and the like are effectively solved, and the accurate standard reaching is realized without blind areas; it needs to meet the following requirements: 1, before fracturing of a ground well, a working face is not recovered, and the distance between an underground drainage hole and the ground well is more than 200 m; 2, the ground conditions are proper; after fracturing a ground well, a drilled hole in kilometer drilling construction can quickly cover the area, if the condition is not met, 1, the drilling and completion project can only be completed, subsequent fracturing cannot be carried out, and the project waste is caused, and 2, if fracturing is carried out under the condition that the distance is not met, underground accidents can be caused. The coal seam is fractured by drilling on the ground, long drill holes of the coal seam are directionally constructed by a kilometer drilling machine to be communicated with a fracturing affected area, a three-dimensional extraction network formed by artificial cracks and the long drill holes is formed, large-area reconstruction pressure relief and gas extraction of the coal seam are realized, and the technical problems that the coal mining area of a single coal seam is difficult to perform regional pressure relief, the gas extraction efficiency is low, the extraction standard reaching time is long and the like are solved.
And the underground long drilling extraction and the ground fracturing modification technology are effectively coupled by combining the underground long drilling extraction and the ground fracturing modification.
The goaf is divided into an open goaf and a closed goaf, the mined gas enters the open goaf after the extraction of the production area is finished, the open goaf directly adopts a mining well of the production area, one well has multiple purposes, and the effective extraction radius range of one-off ground extraction drilling well is equivalent to the effective control range of two underground high-level extraction drill sites; after the stoping of the open goaf is finished, the open goaf enters a closed goaf, a straight well is newly constructed for extraction 1-2 years after the goaf is closed, the open goaf is of a three-opening well body structure, a drill bit with the diameter of phi 311.15mm is used for opening a well, the well is drilled 10m below bedrock, a surface casing with the diameter of phi 244.5mm is put into the well, and well cement returns to the ground surface; secondly, drilling a well above a fracture zone (more than 8-10 times of mining height) of a coal mining roof by using a phi 215.9mm drill bit, putting a phi 177.8mm geological casing, and raising well cementing cement to the ground surface; the third well is drilled to a goaf by using a drill bit with the diameter of 152.4mm or the final depth is determined according to the gas emission condition on site, and the well is completed by using an open hole; the gas treatment of the goaf is an important link in the gas treatment of a high-gas mine, when the gas concentration of the goaf reaches an explosion limit, sparks are easily generated due to the condition that a roof of the goaf falls off and the like, a fire source is provided for gas explosion, the gas extraction of the goaf of the coal mine in China is provided with a downhole pipeline method and a drilling method, the pipeline method utilizes a downhole extraction pipeline and a ground extraction system to extract gas, and the drilling method is a tendency or strike drilling method; the method has the advantages that the extraction flow is small, the extraction concentration is low, the extraction negative pressure is difficult to control, potential safety hazards exist in underground conveying of low-concentration gas, and the underground extraction of the gas in the goaf cannot achieve the expected effect.
The method is used for performing vertical and horizontal three-dimensional extraction on all coal seams of which the coal planning area, the preparation area and the production area meet the gas extraction condition.
The method changes the concept of gas treatment, mainly changes the air drainage into the main direction extraction, improves the gas extraction rate by increasing the extraction force and improving the extraction process, gradually cancels a special gas drainage roadway and reduces the ventilation mode of multi-roadway air inlet and multi-roadway air return of a stope face.
The application relates to a planning area, a preparation area and a production area, and relates to a well with multiple functions, other combined extraction is only in one or two modes, and the like, and the up-and-down full-coverage extraction of the well cannot be realized.
The foregoing embodiments are merely illustrative of the principles and utilities of the present invention and are not intended to limit the invention. Any person skilled in the art can modify or change the above-mentioned embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Accordingly, it is intended that all equivalent modifications or changes which can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and technical spirit of the present invention be covered by the claims of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A coal mine area full-coverage up-down three-dimensional extraction method is characterized by comprising the following steps: the mining area is divided into a planning area, a preparation area, a production area and a goaf; the extraction of the planning area is to perform ground pre-extraction 8-10 years ahead when the gas content is greater than the safety development allowable value of the coal mine, and realize that the regional extraction reaches the standard by performing gas extraction first and coal extraction later; the extraction of the preparation area is carried out 5-10 years after the extraction of the planned area, and the 'extraction before excavation' is carried out by adopting a ground and underground combined gas treatment mode, and the ground well fracturing and extraction are adopted; the extraction of the production area is that after the extraction of the areas reaches the standard in the planning area and the preparation area, the extraction working face continues to be enhanced to extract, and the extraction is carried out firstly and then, the production area comprises an excavation area and a stoping face, and the excavation area adopts underground extraction or underground combined extraction to realize extraction while extraction; the recovery area adopts underground extraction or extraction of a mining well to realize extraction while extracting; after the extraction in the production area is finished, the production area enters a goaf, and the goaf is extracted by adopting a ground drilling method; and full-coverage extraction before, during and after mining is realized.
2. The coal mine area full-coverage up-down three-dimensional extraction method according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps: extracting the original coal reservoir in the planned area when the gas content is higher than 8m3/t and the gas pressure is high and is 0.74MPa, wherein the extraction is needed firstly by adopting a vertical well, a directional well and a cluster well, then by adopting a ground fracturing production-increasing transformation process, and finally by adopting ground drainage and pressure reduction, the ground pre-extraction of the coal bed gas is realized;
the vertical well, the directional well and the cluster well adopt a five-point well pattern (9) and are vertically distributed along the main permeation direction and the direction vertical to the main permeation direction, one well is positioned in the middle, and the other four wells are arranged in a diamond shape; the well spacing was 200X 300 m.
3. The coal mine area full-coverage up-down three-dimensional extraction method according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps: and the extraction of the preparation area is carried out under the conditions that the gas content is lower than the safe development allowable value, higher than the coal mine safe production allowable value and the gas pressure is higher than the safe production allowable value, a strip type ground coal bed gas well deployment method is adopted, a well (1) is arranged in a ground strip shape in the area of the coal mine roadway to be tunneled, and then fracturing is carried out to change the stratum stress value.
4. The coal mine area full-coverage up-down three-dimensional extraction method according to claim 3, characterized by comprising the following steps: the well drilling (1) is a vertical well group (2), the vertical well group (2) is provided with a plurality of wells, the well spacing is 200-250m, the well drilling is arranged on a roadway protection coal pillar (3) of a preparation area, a two-well structure is adopted, and one well is opened: drilling with a drill bit of phi 311.1mm, and drilling through the loess and the surface loose rock layer until the depth is 10m below the bedrock; a J55 phi 244.5mm surface casing is put in until the distance is 0.5m from the bottom of an open well; cementing the well by adopting conventional density cement, and raising the cement to the ground surface;
and (2) opening a well: drilling a final hole 30-50m below a bottom plate of a target layer by using a phi 215.9mm drill bit, and putting a phi 139.7mm/N80 production casing to the bottom of the well to perform conventional density well cementation.
5. The coal mine area full-coverage up-down three-dimensional extraction method according to claim 3, characterized by comprising the following steps: or the well (1) is a horizontal well (4), the horizontal well (4) is positioned on a roadway protection coal pillar (3) of the preparation area, the tail end of the horizontal well (4) points to a planned roadway cutting hole (5), and the horizontal well (4) is subjected to staged fracturing according to the spacing of 100 m;
the horizontal well (4) adopts a three-opening well body structure, and one opening well is as follows: drilling a stable bedrock 30m by using a drill bit with the diameter of 381mm, and putting a J55 steel grade surface casing with the diameter of 273.1mm, so that well cementation cement returns to the ground;
and (2) opening a well: drilling into a target layer by adopting a phi 241.3mm drill bit, stopping drilling, then according to the property of a coal seam roof and the actual situation in the drilling process, lowering a J55 steel grade phi 193.7mm technical sleeve to a position 3-5m above the coal seam roof, returning high-density cement to a position 200-300m above the coal seam roof of a planned area, and returning low-density cement out of a wellhead;
three-well opening: drilling by using a drill bit with the diameter of 171.4mm, horizontally drilling along the rear edge after entering a target layer, extending for 10m after reaching the range of a target point, putting an N80 steel-grade production casing with the diameter of 139.7mm, and extending for 10m when the production casing is lowered to the target point, and cementing without.
6. The coal mine area full-coverage up-down three-dimensional extraction method according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps: the extraction surface of the production area adopts a downhole low, medium and high drilling extraction method;
the method for extracting the underground low, medium and high-position drill holes comprises the following specific steps:
(1) deploying low-level drill holes, wherein the low-level drill holes (10) are exposed in the working face extraction process during the initial extraction of the production area when the coal left on the upper part of the underground support collapses, the level of the low-level drill holes (10) is in the range of the direct top of the coal bed of the production area, and the arrangement interval of the low-level drill holes (10) is 10 m;
(2) deploying a median borehole: the horizon of the median drill hole (11) is within the range of mining height from the upper part of the immediate roof to 5 times, the distance between the horizon of the median drill hole (11) and the return airway (12) is 5-10m, and the distance between the median drill holes (11) is 10 m;
(3) deploying high-position drilling: the level of the high-level drill hole (13) is within the range of 5-10 times of the mining height.
7. The coal mine area full-coverage up-down three-dimensional extraction method according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps: the mining surface ground of the production area adopts a mining well group (8), the mining well group (8) is arranged at a position 40-60m away from the return airway, the well spacing of the mining well group (8) is 50-200m, and the overall structure of the mining well group (8) adopts three open wells:
(1) drilling a well by using a phi 425mm air down-the-hole hammer, drilling through a bedrock weathering zone by 10m, setting a phi 377.7mm multiplied by 10mm steel grade J55 surface casing pipe, and sealing an earth surface loose layer;
(2) drilling a secondary open well to a mining height 8-10 times above the target coal seam roof by adopting a phi 311.15mm air down-the-hole hammer drill bit, descending a phi 244.5mm multiplied by 8.94mm steel grade J55 technical casing 05, and returning well cementing cement slurry to the ground;
(3) the three-well drilling adopts a drill bit with the diameter of 215.9mm to drill, the drilling stops when the coal seam is drilled to the target 08, the open hole completion is carried out or a sieve tube 07 with the diameter of 168.28mm (adopting a hanger structure) is put into the well to a certain height above the coal seam, the well is not fixed, the two-well drilling and the three-well drilling are carried out with the overlapping of 3m, and the open hole is arranged below the sieve tube section.
8. The coal mine area full-coverage up-down three-dimensional extraction method according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps: and adopting underground excavation tunnels and a take-over working face of an excavation region of the production region to perform regional progressive directional long-drill-hole accurate balanced extraction, adopting cluster type dendritic gas extraction drill hole group arrangement, forming a large-diameter hole at one time, performing full-region accurate coverage on a target coal seam, and performing progressive extraction.
9. The coal mine area full-coverage up-down three-dimensional extraction method according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps: and the up-down combined extraction of the driving roadway well of the driving area of the production area is long drilling extraction under the well, and is combined with ground well fracturing modification.
10. The coal mine area full-coverage up-down three-dimensional extraction method according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps: the goaf is divided into an open goaf and a closed goaf, the mined gas enters the open goaf after the extraction of the production area is finished, and the open goaf directly adopts a mining well of the production area; after the stoping of the open goaf is finished, the open goaf enters a closed goaf, a straight well is newly constructed for extraction 1-2 years after the goaf is closed, the open goaf is of a three-opening well body structure, a drill bit with the diameter of phi 311.15mm is used for opening a well, the well is drilled 10m below bedrock, a surface casing with the diameter of phi 244.5mm is put into the well, and well cement returns to the ground surface; secondly, drilling a well above a fracture zone (more than 8-10 times of mining height) of a coal mining roof by using a phi 215.9mm drill bit, putting a phi 177.8mm geological casing, and raising well cementing cement to the ground surface; and (3) drilling a third open well to a goaf by using a drill bit with the diameter of 152.4mm or completing the third open well by using an open hole according to the situation of gas emission on site.
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