CN114286764A - 光导玻璃窗 - Google Patents

光导玻璃窗 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN114286764A
CN114286764A CN202080060761.XA CN202080060761A CN114286764A CN 114286764 A CN114286764 A CN 114286764A CN 202080060761 A CN202080060761 A CN 202080060761A CN 114286764 A CN114286764 A CN 114286764A
Authority
CN
China
Prior art keywords
film
glazing
light guide
light
transparency sheet
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
CN202080060761.XA
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English (en)
Inventor
L·布拉克
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Pittsburgh Glass Works LLC
Original Assignee
Pittsburgh Glass Works LLC
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Pittsburgh Glass Works LLC filed Critical Pittsburgh Glass Works LLC
Publication of CN114286764A publication Critical patent/CN114286764A/zh
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • B60Q—ARRANGEMENT OF SIGNALLING OR LIGHTING DEVICES, THE MOUNTING OR SUPPORTING THEREOF OR CIRCUITS THEREFOR, FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60Q1/00—Arrangement of optical signalling or lighting devices, the mounting or supporting thereof or circuits therefor
    • B60Q1/0011—Arrangement of optical signalling or lighting devices, the mounting or supporting thereof or circuits therefor with light guides for distributing the light between several lighting or signalling devices
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    • F21Y—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES F21K, F21L, F21S and F21V, RELATING TO THE FORM OR THE KIND OF THE LIGHT SOURCES OR OF THE COLOUR OF THE LIGHT EMITTED
    • F21Y2115/00—Light-generating elements of semiconductor light sources
    • F21Y2115/10—Light-emitting diodes [LED]
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/0001—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
    • G02B6/0011—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form
    • G02B6/0065—Manufacturing aspects; Material aspects

Abstract

一种车辆玻璃窗(10)，其中，光导堆(22)位于内部透明体(26)的一部分和外部透明体(28)之间。光导堆包括通过PET层(38，40)与透明体接合的聚碳酸酯膜(32)，这些PET层(38，40)通过硅酮(34，36)在一侧被固定到聚碳酸酯膜上并且通过PVB(42，44)在另一侧被固定到透明体上。聚碳酸酯膜的延伸凸片的终端形成连接到光棒(14)的边缘，使得可见光通过光棒传播并通过边缘进入聚碳酸酯膜中。可见光通过聚碳酸酯膜的平滑表面中的蚀刻传播，以形成图像。在将玻璃窗安装到车辆入口中时，透明体中的一个的延伸保护聚碳酸酯凸片并支撑光棒。

Description

光导玻璃窗
(相关申请)
本申请要求在2019年8月30日提交的美国临时专利申请No.62/894037的优先权，在这里通过引用并入其全部内容。
技术领域
本公开的发明涉及适用于车辆窗户中的玻璃窗以及用于制造这种玻璃窗的方法。
背景技术
汽车的发展趋势是电动汽车，甚至是自动驾驶汽车。另外，还需要从车辆到车外人员(诸如行人和其它车辆操作员)的通信。出于这些和其它原因，人们对与各种传感器协作以通过在玻璃窗中显示的设计和字母数字代码与车辆操作员和其它人进行通信的车辆玻璃窗越来越感兴趣。这种组合还支持“抬头”显示，这种显示有时被认为比替代性信息系统和方法更安全、更可靠。
在这方面，关注已被引向采用LED前照灯技术的系统。LED在用于高性能的光导设计中受到青睐，因为它们具有相对地高的耦合效率。在这些系统中，用于将光引入光导中的优选材料具有高折射率和高反射率。在光导内部，当光沿着净内反射方向穿过光导到达光导末端时，光从表面重复地被往复反射。特别地，已发现LED前照灯的功率需求比常规背光技术低。在LED前照灯系统中，光导响应于来自处于“开启”状态的发光二极管的照射显示固定图像。当LED处于“关闭”状态时，所述图像不可见。
“光导”是能够传导和分布可见光的光学透明材料。光导材料采用由不同折射率的两种材料引起的反射的原理。光导用于在给定区域上均匀分布光源。这种光导应用的示例包括LCD背光、信息显示、情绪照射和设计光效果。
在前照灯中，所有电力被用于创建光图像(与创建照射面板的轮廓相对)。例如，FLEx照射供给LED前照灯产品，该产品采用膜或片材形式的超薄、柔性的光导。比一张纸薄的光导膜通过膜的边缘从光棍或光棒被照射。一般地，LED太大，无法直接与膜边缘对接。取而代之的是，光棒被附着到薄膜的边缘，并且LED聚焦在光棒的端部上，以将可见光传播到膜中。
超薄光导膜可以符合许多轮廓，使得它与许多玻璃窗形状兼容。超薄光导膜根据表面蚀刻从膜表面辐射可见光。因此，该膜可以根据蚀刻在光导膜的表面上的设计和字母数字序列传送消息。举例来说，这种信息可以是常规的路标和/或书面指示。
典型的薄膜光导的厚度可能在约25到75微米之间。光棒用于将可见波长范围内的光传播到膜的边缘中。传送到光导膜中的光通常被限制在膜的平滑表面之间，但平滑表面被蚀刻或其它表面不连续性打断的那些区域除外。已经发现，这种配置要求相对低的功率，并提供相对高的均匀性、好的对比度、好的颜色范围和全视角。
根据本公开的发明，超薄光导是用作光导和光传输膜的聚碳酸酯材料(“PC”)的膜。车辆玻璃窗通常采用聚乙烯醇缩丁醛(PVB)作为中间层。PC不粘附到PVB，但PC将粘附到乙烯醋酸乙烯酯(EVA)并且也粘附到聚氨酯(PU)，使得PU层的EVA可以在PC膜的相对的各面上用于光导堆中，以将光导粘附到相邻的透明体。
另外，聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)确实粘附到PVB，并且，聚氨酯和硅酮可以与PC一起用作接合剂。因此，光导堆中的PC层或膜可以包括PET的透明层，这些透明层与PC膜的相对的各面相对。PVB层被添加到PET层的一侧，以粘附到相邻的透明体上。由于PET不层叠到PC上，因此PET层用诸如硅的粘合剂与PC层接合。然而，为了使这种光导堆适用于车辆玻璃窗中，已经发现需要进一步修改。
发明内容
根据本公开的发明，以图像形式投射光的玻璃窗包括具有至少一个透明体的玻璃窗叠层和包括PC膜的光导叠层堆。PC膜的表面根据设计或被设计为传达消息的形式的符号被蚀刻。当可见光通过膜的侧边传播时，根据蚀刻的图案和符号的形状，从表面的蚀刻部分发射光。
在某些情况下，光源在其被输送到车辆组件的位置之前，被添加到玻璃窗。在其它情况下，在将玻璃窗安装在用于玻璃窗的车辆入口中时添加光源。
玻璃窗叠层可以包括在PC膜的一侧或两侧具有聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)包覆层的膜。PET层可以用诸如硅酮的接合剂固定到PC。
在包含多于一个的透明体片材的车辆玻璃窗中，透明体片材通常由中间层(诸如PVB或其它合适的材料)隔开。为了使光导叠层堆的厚度与玻璃窗的包括中间层的那些部分的厚度匹配，光导叠层堆有时可以包括一个或更多个间隔层。在优选实施例中，间隔层可以包括EVA、PU、PVB及其组合。
为了帮助层叠过程，对光导叠层堆施加部分真空，以去除被困在堆的层之间的空气。在一些情况下，玻璃窗可以包括具有周边侧边缘的透明体片材，该周边侧边缘与具有终止于膜边缘中的PC膜的光导叠层堆组合地限定透明体片材的外周边。膜边缘位于透明体片材的周边内，使得它可以连接到可连接到透明体片材的光源。以这种方式，透明体延伸到PC膜以外，并且防止意外弯曲、压碎或其它对PC膜的影响。当光导玻璃窗被安装在车辆入口中时，这种保护尤为重要。此时，玻璃窗组件已得到热处理，以与玻璃窗工艺的叠层接合。热处理工艺趋于使聚碳酸酯凸片变脆，并使其更容易因与车身的碰撞而受损。膜边缘位于透明体片材的周边内的玻璃窗可以用真空袋除气。在以这种方式制造的玻璃窗的一些情况下，可在在对光导玻璃窗进行热处理之前添加光源，使得组件到达组装位置，而无需在车辆组装处理过程中将光源连接至玻璃窗叠层。
在其它情况下，玻璃窗可以包括具有周边侧边缘的透明体片材，该周边侧边缘与具有终止于位于透明体片材的周边外面的膜边缘中的PC膜的光导叠层堆组合地限定透明体片材的外周边。以这种方式，光导堆的聚碳酸酯膜延伸以形成光导凸片。通过使用包围透明体片材和邻近其周边边缘的光导堆的真空环，在光源被附着到PC膜之前，玻璃窗可以被除气。由于用真空环除气比用真空袋除气更快，因此，以这种方式制造的玻璃窗可以更快地被制造。
优选地，公开的玻璃窗包括第一透明体、第二透明体和设置在第一透明体和第二透明体的部分之间的光导叠层堆。光导叠层堆包括限定相对设置的各主表面的聚碳酸酯膜。相对设置的各主表面的部分限定平滑连续表面，但主表面中的至少一个的至少一部分限定主表面的平滑连续表面中的中断。可见光谱中的光在聚碳酸酯膜的主表面的平滑连续部分之间通过聚碳酸酯膜传播，但光通过平滑连续表面中的中断从聚碳酸酯膜穿过。中间层位于所述第一透明体和所述第二透明体的不存在光导叠层堆的部分之间。中间层的标称厚度与光导堆的标称厚度大致相同，以限制在玻璃窗制造过程中在光导堆与中间层对接的玻璃窗区域内出现气泡和变形。光棒连接到聚碳酸酯膜的边缘，使得可见光谱中的光从光棒传播，穿过聚碳酸酯膜的边缘，并进入聚碳酸酯膜中。
随着对几个当前优选实施例的详细描述的进行，本领域技术人员将清楚地看到本公开的发明的其它目的和优点。
附图说明
本文结合附图示出和描述本公开的发明的几个当前优选实施例，其中：
图1是根据本公开的发明的光导玻璃窗的透视图；
图2是图1的光导玻璃窗的透视图，其示出光导的进一步细节，包括可用于连接到诸如光棒的光源的延伸光导凸片；
图3是图2所示的光导玻璃窗的放大部分，示出图2中的玻璃窗的进一步细节；
图4是图2所示的光导玻璃窗的另一放大部分，示出玻璃窗的进一步细节，包括PC膜的延伸；和
图5是公开的光导玻璃窗的替代性实施例，其中，保护玻璃层从玻璃窗的主体延伸。
图6是公开的光导玻璃窗的另一个替代性实施例，其中保护玻璃层从玻璃窗的主体延伸，并且其中光导体与另一玻璃层的边缘接触。
具体实施方式
在本公开的发明中，包括与光导叠层堆组合的至少一个透明体片材的玻璃窗叠层可用于车辆中的应用中。在许多车辆中，侧灯仅包括单个透明体片材，而前向玻璃窗(诸如挡风玻璃)包括由中间层隔开的两个或更多个透明体。尽管结合挡风玻璃描述了当前优选的实施例，但所公开的发明也适用于根据所要求保护的发明通常采用单个透明体片材的玻璃窗。
根据图1所示的当前优选实施例，车辆玻璃窗10用作挡风玻璃，其中，跨着挡风玻璃的日光开口(“DLO”)在DLO内施加光导堆。出于下文详细解释的原因，玻璃窗10加入包括PC膜的光导堆12。玻璃窗10包括第一透明体片材12a和配置在光导堆12的相反侧的第二透明体片材12b。透明体片材12a限定周边侧边缘12c，周边侧边缘12c限定透明体片材12a的周边，而透明体片材12b限定周边侧边缘12d，周边侧边缘12d限定透明体片材12b的周边。光导堆12还限定凸片13，其中，光导堆12的PC膜12e延伸到透明体片材12a的周边以外，并延伸到透明体片材12b的周边以外。在整个光导堆12中，PC膜12e限定面向透明体片材12a的表面13a和面向透明体片材12b的表面13b。表面13a与表面13b相对地设置在PC膜12e上，并且膜边缘13c位于表面13a和表面13b之间。膜表面13a的部分和表面13b的部分各自限定平滑连续表面。照亮膜边缘13c的可见光谱中的光在膜表面13a和膜表面13b的各平滑连续部分之间通过PC膜12e传播。
当玻璃窗10被安装在车辆上时，诸如光棒14的光源可能照亮膜边缘13c，以导致光通过PC膜12e传播。在一些情况下，诸如光导14的光源可以粘附到PC凸片13上的膜边缘13c的一部分。在其它情况下，诸如光导14的光源可以粘附到膜边缘13c的位于由透明体片材12a的周边侧边缘12c限定的周边处、或者位于由透明体片材12b的周边侧边缘12d限定的周边处、或者位于透明体片材12a和12b两者的周边处的部分。
当光棒14的端部16被诸如例如来自LED 16a的可见光照射时，来自LED的光通过光棒14和PC膜12e的相邻的膜边缘13c传播。在PC膜12e内部，光在PC膜12e的平滑表面13a和13b之间传播。PC膜12c的表面13a或13b的部分可限定不规则图案，使得表面不连续。这种图案可以通过蚀刻或类似的工艺创建，从而以字母数字字符、设计或其它图像的形状创建图案。在表面13a和13b之间穿过PC膜12e的光通过由蚀刻形成的不规则或不连续性穿出PC膜12e，使得光根据表面13a或13b中的不连续性的图案形成可见图案。以这种方式，表面13a或13b可以用设计或字母数字序列进行刻划或蚀刻，以形成可读信息或指示图像。在图1的示例中，设计示出警告道路转弯的可见信息。
在图2中示出根据公开的发明的车辆玻璃窗的进一步细节。图2示出仅在车辆玻璃窗24的日光开口(DLO)的一部分上延伸的光导堆22。结合图3和图4示出和描述玻璃窗透明体、分隔透明体的中间层和光导堆22的细节。
图3示出光导堆22和玻璃窗叠层24的其余部分。在玻璃窗24中，内部透明体26和外部透明体28由PVB 30的中间层隔开。在层叠过程中，透明体层26和28与PVB层30接合，使得如果透明体26或28断裂，则它们充分地与PVB层30接合，以至于透明体26或28的碎片一般保持附着到PVB层30。
为了限制重量、降低材料成本和其它因素，使玻璃窗24的总厚度尽可能小。然而，已经发现，玻璃窗的某些性能要求的实际效果，诸如抗风荷载、抗冲击性、抗切屑性、抗破碎性和其它因素要求车辆玻璃窗的最小厚度。车辆玻璃窗的最小厚度根据车辆中的玻璃窗的用途和取向改变，但商业因素通常已确定了常规透明体层和常规叠层的最小厚度。对于在挡风玻璃中使用的PVB，常规PVB层的标称厚度为0.76mm。在一些情况下，可以在车辆挡风玻璃中使用0.38mm的较薄PVB层。
已经发现，对于诸如图2和图3所示的光导堆22与PVB中间层30的端部接口连接的玻璃窗，光导堆的总厚度必须紧密接近PVB层30的总厚度。光导堆22的总厚度必须紧密接近PVB中间层30的总厚度，以避免在层叠处理过程中可能出现的可见扭曲、气泡和其它不想要的影响。因此，在意在用作PVB中间层的标称厚度为标准0.76mm的挡风玻璃的机动车辆玻璃窗中，光导堆的厚度也必须为约0.76mm，以避免层叠后玻璃窗出现明显变形。
在图3的实施例的示例中，光导堆22包括具有PET包覆层38和40的PC膜32，这些PET包覆层38和40通过硅酮的相应层34和36与PC膜32的相对的各面接合。在其它示例中，也可以使用由硅酮接合的PET以外的包覆层。PC膜32、包覆层38和40、以及硅酮层34和36的厚度基本上小于0.76mm(30密耳)的PVB中间层30的厚度。例如，PC膜厚度为约0.127mm(5密耳)，PET包覆层厚度(分别)为约0.076mm(3密耳)，硅酮层的厚度(分别)为约0.041mm(1.6密耳)。为了使光导叠层堆的厚度接近PVB中间层30的厚度，包括两个间隔层42和44。间隔层42和44能够将PET层38和40结合到相应的透明体26和28。在图3的示例中，间隔层42和44由PVB制成。诸如EVA和PU的其它组合物也可以被用于间隔层42和44。在一些情况下，光导堆可以由PC膜32的层和接合到PC膜32及透明体38和40的EVA或PU层组成，并且避免需要PET、PVB层或其它层。厚度为约0.38mm(15密耳)的PVB、PU和EVA是商业可得到的。通过选择标称厚度为0.38mm(15密耳)的间隔层42和44，光导叠层堆的总厚度充分接近PVB中间层30的总厚度，以避免厚度差异成为层叠过程中的可见畸变、气泡和其它不要想要影响的来源。
根据公开的发明，光导堆22在内部透明体26和外部透明体28之间形成中间层。在本公开的发明中，透明体26和28可以是玻璃。由于PET不与玻璃接合，因此光导堆22中的PET层被相应的PVB层42和44覆盖。整个堆22的厚度包括覆盖PET层38和40的PVB层42和44两者。光导堆22必须大致等于PVB层30的标称厚度。在图3的图示中，PC膜32、硅酮层34和36、PET层38和40以及PVB层42和44的厚度必须大致等于PVB中间层30的厚度0.76mm。
已经发现，在获得与PVB层30的厚度相匹配的光导堆22的总厚度的同时，PC膜32、硅酮层34和36、PET层38和40以及PVB层42和44的各自厚度的选择，不仅仅是通过常规试验选择或修改商业可得到的产品以达到必要的总厚度的事。还必须考虑导致对本领域技术人员来说不明显的变量的其它因素和限制。事实上，光导堆22中各层的优选厚度的识别和选择以违反直觉并且与先前已知的选择和方法相反的方式发生。
例如，PVB层42和44的最小厚度必须能够支持与相应玻璃层26和28的充分层叠。对于使得玻璃窗24的包含光导堆22的部分符合挡风玻璃碰撞的各种性能要求(诸如避免断裂时出现自由玻璃碎片和其它因素)，这是必要的。并且，已经发现光导堆22中的PET层38和40的厚度必须为至少0.0762mm(3密耳)。对于避免层叠期间PET层的某些不良后果(即，层叠的高压釜步骤期间PET层42和44的流动、起皱和橘皮痕作用)，这是必要的。使用作为典型的普通PET层的PET层(通常约0.0508mm)是令人惊讶和意外的，原因是，在现有技术中已确定表现出这种效果的PET层应比3密耳薄－没有如根据本公开的发明那样厚。作为另一例子，已经发现PC膜厚度必须为2密耳，以避免在层叠的高压釜步骤中PC膜起皱。优选地，PC膜的厚度高达5密耳，更优选地，在3～4密耳的范围内。
图4示出，根据本公开的发明，已经发现优选从PC膜32的作为凸片13延伸到透明体26和28的周边之外的部分去除PET层38和40以及硅酮层43和36。另外，已经发现优选使得PC膜32比通常的薄膜光导更薄。优选地，PC膜32的厚度在0.0508mm(2密耳)～0.127mm(5密耳)的范围内。从PC层32的延伸凸片部分去除PET和硅酮层以及限制PC膜32的厚度的原因是为了改进制造方法。PC膜的这些修改和限制提供了PC膜增强的适应用于形成汽车玻璃窗的商业工艺的灵活性。
在汽车玻璃窗的商业制造中，在层叠的高压釜步骤之前，玻璃窗堆要经过真空处理。真空处理的目的是，在层叠的高压釜步骤之前去除困在玻璃窗的各种层之间的空气。如果在层之间仍有过量空气，则玻璃窗可能趋于表现诸如气泡的视觉缺陷。也可能出现诸如分层的其它不想要的后果。
为了去除过量的空气，在层叠之前，围绕玻璃窗24的周边放置真空环。真空环紧靠玻璃窗24的边缘，使得环内的真空条件与玻璃窗的内部连通。以这种方式，空气从玻璃窗的层之间被吸取并进入真空环，直到在玻璃窗堆内建立足够的真空度。
为了使真空环有效地将真空条件传达给玻璃窗堆的内部，真空环上的端口必须靠近玻璃窗堆的边缘。这意味着玻璃窗堆的周边边缘和真空环的向内侧之间的容许间隙必须小。如先前结合图1解释的那样，PC膜12e的凸片部分13延伸出玻璃窗的透明体片材12a和12b的周边边缘12c和12d，使得光棒14通过PC膜12e的暴露边缘13a将光传送到PC膜12e中。然而，由于PC层12的凸片13延伸到透明体片材12a和12b的周边以外，因此，随着围绕玻璃窗堆的周边边缘定位真空环，真空环将干扰凸片13。
先前，PC膜12e被认为必须具有足够的机械强度，以承受与真空环的接触。这导致了这样的设计，即，PC膜32上的PET包覆层38和40在整个凸片32上保持，并且PC膜32甚至变得更厚，以使PC膜32增加机械强度，以承受与真空环的接触。然而，令人惊讶的是，公开的发明产生了相反的结果。
首先，根据该公开的发明，从PC膜32完全去除PET层38和40以及硅酮层34和36。其次，PC膜32比先前已知的厚度薄。在本公开的发明中，PC膜32由于其柔性(而非机械强度)能够经受住与真空环的干扰。在本公开的发明中，PC膜32具有足够的柔性，以在不损伤PC膜的情况下弯曲出真空环的路径，同时真空环仍然在玻璃窗的内部获得足够的真空。这与由相对较厚的PC膜产生的更高机械强度的要求相反。
结合图2～4示出和描述的实施例可进一步加入固定在PC膜32的凸片部分的光源(诸如光导)。可以在将玻璃窗交付至车辆组装地点之前添加光源，或者可以作为车辆组装的更大过程的一部分将光源添加至玻璃窗。
图5示出本公开的发明的替代性实施例。在图5的实施例中，PC膜12e包括终止于边缘13a处的PC膜凸片13。如结合图1描述的那样，光棒14连接到PC膜12e的边缘13a。同样如结合图1描述的那样，当光棒14的端部16点亮时，光从光棒14通过边缘13a传播到PC膜12中。然而，在图5的实施例中，玻璃片材28延伸到凸片13的边缘13a以外，并延伸到光棒14的至少一部分以外。以这种方式，光棒14可以通过粘合剂或其它合适的紧固方法固定到玻璃片材28，使得玻璃片材28机械地支撑光导14，并为光导14和位于透明体26周边侧的周边外面的PC膜凸片13提供更大的稳定性。
图5所示的结构在玻璃窗10的制造和操作过程中以及在玻璃窗10被安装在车辆中时提供了更高的耐久性。已经发现，该结构趋于保护PC膜12在操作期间或在高压灭菌后附着光导的过程中不破裂或撕裂。玻璃片材28的延伸部分还可以作为引导物在安装在车辆中期间帮助引导定位玻璃窗10，并用于在安装玻璃窗时保持凸片13和光导14的稳定性。
对于图5的实施例，由于真空通道的容许间隙不适应透明体26和28周边的差异，因此真空通道通常不适用于玻璃窗叠层堆的除气。例如，靠近透明体26边缘经过的真空通道会干扰透明体28的延伸部分。因此，对于图5的实施例，在高压釜或其它固化过程中的加热之前，可以使用真空袋或等效设备以使玻璃窗除气。
已经发现，玻璃片材28的延伸部分可以为PVB、聚氨酯或其它中间层材料提供保护，尤其是在这种材料通过高压釜或其它加热或固化处理略微脆化后。例如，当玻璃窗被安装在车辆开口中时，存在延伸凸片因与车身接触而将损坏的风险。
图6进一步显示，光棒14与透明体26的周边侧边缘12c接触。当光棒14在高压灭菌之前以这种方式与周边侧边缘接触时，在层叠的高压灭菌步骤中，光导14的主体与透明体26的周边侧边缘形成密封。该密封有助于保持光导堆的层叠，并避免叠层(尤其是在透明体26的周边边界附近)中的气泡。为了帮助形成这种密封，本公开的发明采用具有由DelrinTM制成的主体或类似的塑料材料的光导。
图6的实施例还示出，优选光导的厚度不大于3.0mm(在与内部透明体28的表面正交的方向上测量)。更优选地，光导14的厚度(“T”)为2.6mm或更小。诸如与图1～4的实施例结合使用的光导的厚度通常为5mm。然而，对于图6的实施例优选的光导的较低轮廓(厚度)允许光棒以不高于外部透明体26的外表面的组装玻璃窗(包括光棒)的最大高度与内部透明体26的周边边缘对接。以这种方式，组装的玻璃窗与许多车辆中的用于接收玻璃窗的标准尺寸和形状开口兼容。
以下，用所附权利要求的范围阐述本发明的其它特征、目的和优点。

Claims (23)

1.一种响应于照射信号以预定图案投射光的玻璃窗，所述玻璃窗包含：
玻璃窗叠层，玻璃窗叠层包括限定周边侧边缘的至少一个透明体片材；和
限定面对所述至少一个透明体片材的至少一部分的第一表面的光导叠层堆，所述光导叠层堆包括限定第一膜表面、第二膜表面、以及所述第一膜表面和所述第二膜表面之间的膜边缘的膜，所述第二膜表面与所述第一膜表面相对地设置在所述膜上，所述第一膜表面的部分和所述第二膜表面的部分各自限定平滑连续表面，使得可见光谱中的光在所述第一膜表面和所述第二膜表面的所述平滑连续部分之间通过所述膜传播，所述第一膜表面还在所述平滑连续表面中限定不规则图案，使得在所述第一膜表面和所述第二膜表面之间通过所述膜传播的光通过所述第一膜表面中的所述不规则图案从所述第一膜表面穿出。
2.根据权利要求1所述的玻璃窗，其中，所述至少一个透明体片材连接到光源，所述膜边缘位于由所述至少一个透明体片材的周边侧边缘限定的周边内。
3.根据权利要求2所述的玻璃窗，还包括光源，该光源连接到所述光导叠层堆的所述膜的所述膜边缘，使得可见光谱中的光从所述光源通过所述膜边缘传播到所述第一膜表面和所述第二膜表面之间的所述膜中。
4.根据权利要求3所述的玻璃窗，其中，所述光源包括发光二极管。
5.根据权利要求2所述的玻璃窗，其中，所述光导叠层堆的所述膜包含聚碳酸酯。
6.根据权利要求5所述的玻璃窗，其中，所述光导叠层堆还包括在所述膜和所述至少一个透明体片材之间的聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯的至少一个层。
7.根据权利要求5所述的玻璃窗，其中，所述光导叠层堆还包括在所述膜和所述至少一个透明体片材之间的至少一个间隔层，所述间隔层的材料选自包括聚乙烯醇缩丁醛、乙烯醋酸乙烯酯、聚氨酯及其组合的组。
8.根据权利要求6所述的玻璃窗，其中，所述光导叠层堆还包括在所述聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯的层和所述至少一个透明体片材之间的至少一个间隔层，所述间隔层的材料选自包括乙烯醋酸乙烯酯、聚乙烯醇缩丁醛、聚氨酯及其组合的组。
9.根据权利要求1所述的玻璃窗，其中，所述膜边缘位于由所述至少一个透明体片材的周边侧边缘限定的周边外面。
10.根据权利要求9所述的玻璃窗，还包括光源，该光源连接到所述光导叠层堆的所述膜的所述膜边缘，使得可见光谱中的光从所述光源通过所述膜边缘传播到所述第一膜表面和所述第二膜表面之间的所述膜中。
11.根据权利要求10所述的玻璃窗，其中，所述光源限定接触所述至少一个透明体片材的周边侧边缘的主体。
12.根据权利要求11所述的玻璃窗，其中，所述光源的厚度小于3mm。
13.根据权利要求1所述的玻璃窗，其中，所述玻璃窗叠层还包括：
限定面对所述至少一个透明体片材的表面的第二透明体片材；和
位于所述第二透明体片材和所述至少一个透明体片材之间的中间层，所述中间层限定与所述至少一个透明体片材的表面相对的第一表面，所述中间层还限定与所述第二透明体片材的面对所述至少一个透明体片材的表面相对的第二表面，所述中间层的第一表面和所述中间层的第二表面之间的分离限定所述中间层的厚度。
14.根据权利要求13所述的玻璃窗，其中，所述光导叠层堆具有对应于所述中间层的厚度的厚度。
15.根据权利要求13所述的玻璃窗，其中，所述光导叠层堆的所述膜包含聚碳酸酯。
16.根据权利要求15所述的玻璃窗，其中，所述光导叠层堆包括所述膜和所述第二透明体片材之间的聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯的至少一个层。
17.根据权利要求16所述的玻璃窗，其中，所述光导叠层堆还包括在所述聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯的层和所述第二透明体片材之间的间隔层，所述间隔层的材料选自包括聚乙烯醇缩丁醛、聚氨酯和乙烯醋酸乙烯酯及其组合的组。
18.根据权利要求15所述的玻璃窗，其中，所述光导叠层堆还包括所述膜和所述第二透明体片材之间的间隔层，所述间隔层的材料选自包括乙烯醋酸乙烯酯、聚氨酯及其组合的组。
19.根据权利要求17所述的玻璃窗，其中，所述膜的所述膜边缘延伸超过所述第二透明体片材的周边边缘，以在所述第二透明体片材的周边外面形成延伸凸片，使得所述膜的所述膜边缘限定所述延伸凸片的远端。
20.根据权利要求19所述的玻璃窗，还包括光源，该光源连接到所述光导叠层堆的所述膜的所述膜边缘，使得可见光谱中的光从所述光源通过所述膜边缘传播到所述第一膜表面和所述第二膜表面之间的所述膜中。
21.根据权利要求19所述的玻璃窗，其中，所述膜的厚度在2密耳～5密耳的范围内。
22.根据权利要求20所述的玻璃窗，其中，所述光源限定接触所述第二透明体片材的周边边缘的主体。
23.根据权利要求22所述的玻璃窗，其中，所述光源的主体与所述第二透明体片材的周边边缘形成密封。
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EP4007713A1 (en) 2022-06-08
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WO2021041828A1 (en) 2021-03-04
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US20210061163A1 (en) 2021-03-04
US11167531B2 (en) 2021-11-09

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