CN114280285B - Device for testing acute toxicity of rice disease and pest control agent to shellfish aquatic organisms - Google Patents
Device for testing acute toxicity of rice disease and pest control agent to shellfish aquatic organisms Download PDFInfo
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- CN114280285B CN114280285B CN202111652161.5A CN202111652161A CN114280285B CN 114280285 B CN114280285 B CN 114280285B CN 202111652161 A CN202111652161 A CN 202111652161A CN 114280285 B CN114280285 B CN 114280285B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a device for testing acute toxicity of rice disease and pest control chemicals to shellfish aquatic organisms, which comprises a test box, a drainage assembly, a chemical preparation assembly and a controller, wherein the test box is provided with a water inlet and a water outlet; a partition plate is arranged in the test box, a drain hole is formed in the partition plate, and a culture net box is arranged in the test box; the drainage assembly comprises a driving screw, a sealing plate, a first motor and a second motor, the driving screw is in threaded connection with the aquaculture net cage, a sealing column is arranged on the sealing plate, the first motor provides power for the sealing plate, and the second motor provides power for the drainage screw; the reagent preparation assembly comprises a reagent box, a lifting motor and an ultrasonic oscillator, the reagent box is clamped in the test box, the lifting motor provides power for the reagent box, the ultrasonic oscillator is used for promoting the mixing of reagents in the reagent box, and the controller is electrically connected with each electrical appliance; the device has reasonable structural design, is favorable for improving the accuracy of toxicity tests of shellfish aquatic organisms, and is suitable for mass popularization.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of aquatic organism toxicity test equipment, in particular to a device for testing acute toxicity of rice disease and pest control agents on shellfish aquatic organisms.
Background
The rice is the crop with the largest planting area in China and is also the crop seriously attacked by plant diseases and insect pests, and the annual pest occurrence area is 1.0667 hundred million hm2The above steps are repeated. Because the agricultural production of China is mainly distributed and operated by one family, the phenomena of blind pesticide application and excessive pesticide application of farmers are common, and the pesticide resistance of rice pests is rapidly increased. According to the drug resistance monitoring report of national agricultural technology promotion service center in 2020, main pests of rice, namely brown planthopper, gray planthopper and chilo suppressalis generate drug resistance of different degrees to field common drugs, so that the prevention and treatment cost is improved, and the risk of harming the quality safety of rice is increased.
However, the national procambarus clarkii culture areas are mainly concentrated in Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi and AnhuiAnd the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze river such as Jiangsu. In recent years, areas with rich water-saving resources, such as Zhejiang, Sichuan, Guangxi, Shandong, Fujian, Henan, etc., develop rapidly. The breeding mode mainly comprises rice and shrimp co-breeding, lotus root, water bamboo and other aquatic vegetable field intercropping, shrimp and crab polyculture and the like. According to the latest statistics of Chinese crayfish industry development reports (2018), the culture area of the procambarus clarkii in China has been developed to 80 kilohm2The yield reaches 120 ten thousand t, but the average yield is only 100kg/667m2The device is a safe and effective solution plan for the development of the industrialization of the lobsters cultured in the rice field and is a necessary test device for the acute toxicity of the rice disease and insect control agent on the shellfish aquatic organisms.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the technical problems, the invention provides a test device for acute toxicity of rice disease and pest control agents to crustacean aquatic organisms.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: the test device for acute toxicity of rice disease and pest control chemicals to crustacean aquatic organisms comprises a test box, a drainage assembly, a chemical preparation assembly and a controller; the lower end of the test box is provided with a base, and a partition plate is horizontally arranged in the test box; a plurality of culture cavities and a medicament preparation cavity are arranged in the test box and positioned at the upper end of the partition plate, and a culture net cage is slidably clamped in each culture cavity; the reagent preparation cavity is positioned among the plurality of culture cavities, and the side wall of the test box is provided with a drain pipe;
the drainage assembly comprises a plurality of driving screws, a sealing plate, a first motor and a second motor, and the driving screws are uniformly distributed in each culture cavity; each driving screw penetrates through the partition plate and is rotationally clamped with the partition plate, and the lower end of each driving screw is provided with a connecting belt wheel; each driving screw rod positioned in the same culture cavity is respectively in threaded connection with the corresponding culture net cage; a plurality of drain holes are formed in the positions, corresponding to the positions of the aquaculture net cages, on the partition plate, the number of the sealing plates is consistent with that of the aquaculture net cages, sealing columns corresponding to the number and the positions of the drain holes are arranged on each sealing plate, and a threaded sleeve is arranged at the lower end of each sealing plate; the first motor and the second motor are both arranged in the test box and are positioned at the lower end of the partition plate, a first belt wheel is arranged on an output shaft of the first motor, and the first belt wheel is connected with each connecting belt wheel through a belt; a water drainage screw is arranged on an output shaft of the second motor and is in threaded connection with the threaded sleeve;
the medicament preparation assembly comprises a medicament box, a lifting motor and an ultrasonic oscillator, the medicament box is movably clamped in the medicament preparation cavity, independent medicament preparation cavities corresponding to the culture cavities in number are arranged in the medicament box, and a medicament inlet pipe and a medicament discharge pipe are arranged at positions, corresponding to the independent medicament preparation cavities, on the medicament box; the lifting motor is arranged in the medicament preparation cavity, a lifting screw rod is arranged on an output shaft of the lifting motor, and the lifting screw rod is in threaded connection with the medicament box; the ultrasonic oscillator is arranged in the medicament preparation cavity, and the medicament box can be abutted against the ultrasonic oscillator when positioned at the lowest end of the lifting screw rod;
the controller is respectively and electrically connected with the first motor, the second motor, the lifting motor and the ultrasonic oscillator.
Further, there is the aeration machine base inside, all be provided with the aeration joint with each breed chamber position on the proof box lateral wall and correspond the department, each aeration joint is connected with the aeration machine through the pipe respectively, the junction all is provided with electromagnetic flow valve, electromagnetic flow valve and aeration machine respectively with controller electric connection, through setting up the aeration machine, can make the simulation crustacean aquatic organism's that the proof box can be better growing environment to provide the authenticity of experimental environment.
Furthermore, a water bath tank is arranged on the outer wall of the test box, an electric heater and a temperature controller are arranged in the water bath tank, and the electric heater and the temperature controller are respectively and electrically connected with the controller; the side wall of the water bath tank is provided with a water inlet and a water outlet, and the water bath tank, the electric heater and the temperature controller are utilized to heat the aquaculture water body in the aquaculture cavity and control the temperature of the aquaculture water body.
Furthermore, a waterproof plate is arranged inside the test box and at the lower end of the partition plate, and the first motor and the second motor are both arranged at the lower end of the waterproof plate; through setting up the waterproof board, can play the guard action for first motor and second motor.
Furthermore, a liquid level sensor is arranged in each culture cavity; through setting up level sensor, be convenient for control the water supply of breeding the intracavity, be favorable to controlling the homogeneity of breeding intracavity water storage simultaneously to improve the accuracy of test result.
Furthermore, a bait feeding box is arranged at the upper end of each culture net cage, the bait feeding box is movably clamped at the upper end of the culture net cage through a connecting frame, a pressure sensor is arranged at the joint of the bait feeding box and the connecting frame, a throwing pipe is arranged at the lower end of the bait feeding box, an electromagnetic control valve is arranged on the throwing pipe, and the electromagnetic control valve is electrically connected with a controller; the bait feeding box is convenient for feeding the culture baits into the culture net cage, and the pressure sensor is convenient for controlling the feeding amount of the baits in the bait feeding box.
Further, the closing plate passes through slide bar and baffle sliding connection, and the cover is equipped with damping spring on the slide bar, damping spring one end and slide bar joint, and the other end is terminal surface butt under with the closing plate, through setting up slide bar and damping spring, is favorable to improving the stability of being connected between closing plate and the baffle to improve the sealed effect of closing plate.
Furthermore, a threaded pipe is movably clamped in the chemical box, the chemical box is in threaded connection with the lifting screw rod through the threaded pipe, and buffer springs are arranged at the connection positions of the upper end and the lower end of the threaded pipe and the chemical box; through setting up screwed pipe and buffer spring, be favorable to improving ultrasonic oscillator's effect to improve the mixing homogeneity of the inside medicament of chemical tank.
Further, all be provided with the clearance brush board on the outer wall of each aquaculture net case, the inner wall butt of clearance brush board and proof box when aquaculture net case reciprocates, utilizes the clearance brush board to clear away the pollutant of gathering on the proof box inner wall to avoid the pollutant to pile up for a long time and pollute aquaculture water.
Furthermore, the upper end of the test box is movably hinged with a transparent cover plate, and the lower end of the base is provided with a movable roller; by arranging the transparent cover plate, the growth condition of the shellfish aquatic organisms can be observed in real time, and the influence of external pollutants in the test box on the accuracy of a test result can be avoided; the test box is convenient to carry and transfer by arranging the movable roller.
The working principle of the invention comprises the following steps:
s1, respectively connecting the first motor, the second motor, the lifting motor, the ultrasonic oscillator, the aerator, the electric heater and the temperature controller with an external power supply;
s2, respectively adding culture water into each culture cavity, and sensing the water level height by using a liquid level sensor in each culture cavity to keep the water storage capacity in each culture cavity consistent; then, equal amount of crustacean aquatic organisms are put into each culture net cage;
s3, preparing rice disease and pest control agents with different concentrations in the independent dispensing cavities respectively, and sensing the weight of the agents in the independent dispensing cavities by using pressure sensors to keep the dosage of the agents in the independent dispensing cavities consistent; then the controller is used for controlling the ultrasonic oscillator to start, so that the medicaments in each independent dispensing cavity are fully mixed; finally, the controller controls the lifting motor to start, and the lifting screw rod is used for moving the chemical box to the outside of the chemical preparation cavity, so that the prepared rice disease and pest control chemicals are put into the corresponding culture cavity through the chemical placing pipe;
s4, injecting clear water into the water bath box through the water inlet, and controlling the electric heater (and the temperature controller to be started) through the controller, so that the temperature of the clear water in the water bath box reaches the temperature required by the growth of the shellfish aquatic organisms and keeps constant;
s5, the controller is used for controlling the first motor to start regularly, the first motor is used for driving each driving screw to rotate, so that each cultivation net cage moves to the outside of the corresponding cultivation cavity, then the controller is used for controlling the second motor to start, the second motor is used for separating the sealing column on the sealing plate from the drain hole, and the cultivation water in each cultivation cavity is drained out of the test box through the drain hole and the drain pipe in sequence; finally, the aquaculture net cage and the sealing plate are reset again, and aquaculture water is injected into each aquaculture cavity again;
s6, in the moving process of the aquaculture net cage, pollutants gathered on the inner wall of the test box are removed by the cleaning brush plate, and the pollutants are discharged out of the test box along with aquaculture water.
Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the invention are embodied in the following points:
firstly, the device is reasonable in structural design, and by arranging the plurality of culture cavities, the acute toxicity test of the rice disease and pest control medicament with different concentrations on the same class of shellfish aquatic organisms can be simultaneously carried out, the acute toxicity test of the rice disease and pest control medicament with the same concentration on different class of shellfish aquatic organisms can be carried out, the flexibility of the test is improved, and the practicability of the device is improved;
secondly, the independent aquaculture net cages are movably clamped in the aquaculture cavities, so that the influence of the aquaculture cavities on shellfish aquatic organisms during water change can be greatly avoided, and the accuracy and the reliability of test results are improved;
thirdly, water changing and pesticide putting in each culture cavity are carried out simultaneously, so that interference of factors on test results is avoided, uniformity of independent variables in the test process is guaranteed, test errors are reduced, and the method has a promoting significance for researching rice disease and pest control pesticides with proper concentrations.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a longitudinal section of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a left side view of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a top view of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is an enlarged schematic view at A of FIG. 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a distribution diagram of the first and second motors of the present invention within a test chamber;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the seal plate and baffle of the present invention attached;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of the connection of the drug container of the present invention to a lift screw;
wherein, 1-test box, 10-base, 11-clapboard, 110-breeding cavity, 111-medicament preparing cavity, 112-drain hole, 12-breeding net cage, 13-drain pipe, 14-waterproof board, 15-cleaning brush board, 16-transparent cover board, 17-movable roller, 2-drainage component, 20-driving screw, 200-connecting belt wheel, 21-sealing board, 210-sealing column, 211-thread sleeve, 212-sliding rod, 2120-damping spring, 22-first motor, 220-first belt wheel, 23-second motor, 230-drainage screw, 3-medicament preparing component, 30-medicament box, 300-independent medicament preparing cavity, 301-medicament feeding pipe, 302-medicament discharging pipe, 303-thread pipe, 304-buffer spring, 31-lifting motor, 310-lifting screw rod, 32-ultrasonic oscillator, 4-aerator, 40-aeration joint, 5-water bath box, 50-electric heater, 51-temperature controller, 52-water inlet, 53-water outlet, 6-bait feeding box, 60-connecting frame and 61-throwing pipe.
Detailed Description
Example 1
The device for testing acute toxicity of rice disease and pest control agents on shellfish aquatic organisms as shown in figures 1 and 2 comprises a test box 1, a drainage assembly 2, a drug preparation assembly 3 and a controller; the lower end of the test box 1 is provided with a base 10, and a partition plate 11 is horizontally arranged in the test box 1; 4 culture cavities 110 and a medicament preparation cavity 111 are arranged in the test box 1 and positioned at the upper end of the partition plate 11, and a culture net cage 12 is slidably clamped in each culture cavity 110; the reagent preparation cavity 111 is positioned among the plurality of culture cavities 110, and the side wall of the test box 1 is provided with a drain pipe 13;
as shown in fig. 1, 4, 5 and 6, the drainage assembly 2 comprises 16 driving screws 20, a sealing plate 21, a first motor 22 and a second motor 23, wherein the driving screws 20 are uniformly distributed inside each cultivation cavity 110; each driving screw 20 penetrates through the partition plate 11 and is rotationally clamped with the partition plate 11, and the lower end of each driving screw 20 is provided with a connecting belt wheel 200; each driving screw 20 positioned in the same culture cavity 110 is respectively in threaded connection with the corresponding culture net cage 12; 8 drain holes 112 are formed in the positions, corresponding to the positions of the aquaculture net cages 12, of the partition plate 11, the number of the sealing plates 21 is consistent with that of the aquaculture net cages 12, sealing columns 210 corresponding to the drain holes 112 in number and positions are arranged on the sealing plates 21, and threaded sleeves 211 are arranged at the lower ends of the sealing plates 21; the first motor 22 and the second motor 23 are both arranged in the test box 1 and positioned at the lower end of the partition board 11, a first belt wheel 220 is arranged on an output shaft of the first motor 22, and the first belt wheels 220 are connected with the connecting belt wheels 200 through belts; a water drainage screw 230 is arranged on an output shaft of the second motor 23, and the water drainage screw 230 is in threaded connection with the threaded sleeve 211;
as shown in fig. 1, 2 and 7, the medicine preparation assembly 3 includes a medicine box 30, a lifting motor 31 and an ultrasonic oscillator 32, the medicine box 30 is movably clamped inside the medicine preparation cavity 111, independent medicine preparation cavities 300 corresponding to the number of the culture cavities 110 are arranged inside the medicine box 30, and a medicine inlet pipe 301 and a medicine discharge pipe 302 are arranged at positions on the medicine box 30 corresponding to the positions of the independent medicine preparation cavities 300; the lifting motor 31 is arranged inside the medicament preparation cavity 111, a lifting screw 310 is arranged on an output shaft of the lifting motor 31, and the lifting screw 310 is in threaded connection with the medicament box 30; the ultrasonic oscillator 32 is arranged in the medicament preparation cavity 111, and can be abutted against the ultrasonic oscillator 32 when the medicament box 30 is positioned at the lowest end of the lifting screw 310;
the controller is respectively electrically connected with the first motor 22, the second motor 23, the lifting motor 31 and the ultrasonic oscillator 32; the controller, the first motor 22, the second motor 23, the lifting motor 31 and the ultrasonic oscillator 32 are all commercially available products.
Example 2
The present embodiment is different from embodiment 1 in that:
as shown in fig. 1 and 3, an aerator 4 is arranged inside the base 10, aeration connectors 40 are arranged on the side wall of the test box 1 at positions corresponding to the positions of the culture cavities 110, each aeration connector 40 is connected with the aerator 4 through a conduit, an electromagnetic flow valve is arranged at each connection position, the electromagnetic flow valve and the aerator 4 are electrically connected with a controller, and the electromagnetic flow valve and the aerator 4 are commercially available products; by arranging the aerator 4, the test box 1 can better simulate the growth environment of the shellfish aquatic organisms, thereby providing the authenticity of the test environment;
as shown in fig. 1, 2 and 3, a water bath box 5 is arranged on the outer wall of the test box 1, an electric heater 50 and a temperature controller 51 are arranged in the water bath box 5, the electric heater 50 and the temperature controller 51 are respectively electrically connected with the controller, and the electric heater 50 and the temperature controller 51 are all commercially available products; the side wall of the water bath tank 5 is provided with a water inlet 52 and a water outlet 53, and the water bath tank 5, the electric heater 50 and the temperature controller 51 are utilized to facilitate heating of the aquaculture water body in the aquaculture cavity 110 and control of the water temperature of the aquaculture water body.
Example 3
The present embodiment is different from embodiment 1 in that:
as shown in fig. 1, a waterproof plate 14 is arranged inside the test chamber 1 and at the lower end of the partition plate 11, and the first motor 22 and the second motor 23 are both arranged at the lower end of the waterproof plate 14; by arranging the waterproof board 14, a protection effect can be achieved for the first motor 22 and the second motor 23; a liquid level sensor is arranged in each culture cavity 110, and is a commercially available product; through setting up level sensor, be convenient for control the water supply volume in breeding the chamber 110, be favorable to controlling the uniformity of breeding the interior water storage capacity of chamber 110 simultaneously to improve the accuracy of test result.
Example 4
The present embodiment is different from embodiment 1 in that:
as shown in fig. 1 and 2, a bait feeding box 6 is arranged at the upper end of each cultivation net cage 12, the bait feeding box 6 is movably clamped at the upper end of the cultivation net cage 12 through a connecting frame 60, a pressure sensor is arranged at the joint of the bait feeding box 6 and the connecting frame 60, a throwing pipe 61 is arranged at the lower end of the bait feeding box 6, an electromagnetic control valve is arranged on the throwing pipe 61 and electrically connected with a controller, and the electromagnetic control valve and the pressure sensor are commercially available products; the bait feeding box 6 is convenient for feeding the culture baits into the culture net cage 12, and the pressure sensor is convenient for controlling the feeding amount of the baits in the bait feeding box 6.
Example 5
The present embodiment is different from embodiment 1 in that:
as shown in fig. 1 and 4, the sealing plate 21 is slidably connected to the partition 11 through the sliding rod 212, the sliding rod 212 is sleeved with a damping spring 2120, one end of the damping spring 2120 is clamped with the sliding rod 212, and the other end of the damping spring 2120 abuts against the lower end face of the sealing plate 21, and by arranging the sliding rod 212 and the damping spring 2120, the stability of connection between the sealing plate 21 and the partition 11 is improved, and therefore the sealing effect of the sealing plate 21 is improved;
as shown in fig. 1 and 7, a threaded pipe 303 is movably clamped inside the chemical box 30, the chemical box 30 is in threaded connection with a lifting screw 310 through the threaded pipe 303, and buffer springs 304 are arranged at the joints of the upper end and the lower end of the threaded pipe 303 and the chemical box 30; through setting up screwed pipe 303 and buffer spring 304, be favorable to improving the effect of ultrasonic oscillator 32 to improve the mixing homogeneity of the inside medicament of medicament case 30.
Example 6
The present embodiment is different from embodiment 1 in that:
as shown in fig. 1 and 2, the outer wall of each aquaculture net cage 12 is provided with a cleaning brush plate 15, the cleaning brush plate 15 is abutted against the inner wall of the test box 1, when the aquaculture net cages 12 move up and down, pollutants accumulated on the inner wall of the test box 1 can be removed by using the cleaning brush plate 15, so that the pollutants are prevented from being accumulated for a long time to pollute aquaculture water;
as shown in fig. 1 and 3, the upper end of the test box 1 is movably hinged with a transparent cover plate 16, and the lower end of the base 10 is provided with a movable roller 17; by arranging the transparent cover plate 16, the growth condition of the shellfish aquatic organisms can be observed in real time, and the influence of external pollutants in the test box 1 on the accuracy of a test result can be avoided; the test box 1 is convenient to carry and transfer by arranging the moving rollers 17.
Test examples
Firstly, selecting procambarus clarkii provided by the fresh water aquatic product research institute of Jiangsu province as a tested shrimp species; before the test, the tested shrimp species are domesticated for 3d under the test condition, and the abnormally grown shrimps or dead shrimps are picked out during the domestication;
the main components of the bait of the tested shrimp seeds are 40.7 percent of crude protein and 7.7 percent of crude fat; the results of measuring the concentrations of the main nutrient components and the pollutants in the bait are shown in table 1;
TABLE 1 determination of the concentrations of the main nutrients and contaminants in the bait
The results of the weight and length measurements of the shrimp species tested at the beginning of the test are shown in table 2;
TABLE 2 measurement results of body weight and body length of shrimp species tested
Secondly, selecting tap water for 24 hours of aeration treatment, wherein the water hardness is 145.0mg/L, and the pH is 7.82; the water quality parameter measurement results are shown in table 3;
TABLE 3 test Water quality parameter measurement results
Thirdly, setting the test concentration to be 1 time of recommended field application amount, 4 times of recommended field application amount and 10 times of recommended field application amount; the water quantity per mu is as follows: 666.7m20.05m (water depth) 1000 kg/cube 33335 kg; weighing a proper amount of a test substance according to the recommended field application amount of the medicament, dissolving the test substance with distilled water, fixing the volume of the solution to a volumetric flask with 100mL to obtain mother liquor which is 100 times of the recommended field application amount, respectively sucking 1.000mL, 4.000mL and 10.000mL of the mother liquor, adding the mother liquor into 1L of test water, and fully stirring the mother liquor to obtain a tested solution; wherein, the prepared concentration of the mother solution is shown in table 4, and the prepared concentration of the test solution is shown in table 5;
TABLE 4 stock solution make-up concentrations
TABLE 5 test solution preparation concentration
Fourthly, a semi-static method (the water changing frequency is 48 hours) is adopted, 7 shrimps are adopted in each treatment, and the number is 1#～6#、9#And 10#The set concentration of the medicament is 1 time of recommended field dosage, 4 times of recommended field dosage and 10 times of recommended field dosage as a test object treatment group, and the number is 7#And 8#The concentration of the mixed medicament is set to be 1 time of recommended field dosage and 4 times of recommended field dosage, and a test water blank control group is set. 1L of test solution is prepared in each cylinder. Setting 3 parallels for formal test; randomly selecting tested shrimps, and putting the tested shrimps after the tested solution reaches the test temperature, wherein the putting process is completed within 30 min;
observing and recording the conditions of the vitality and survival rate of 4h, 8h, 12h, 24h, 48h, 72h, 96h, 120h and 168h after the test is started; wherein, any abnormal reaction of the tested shrimps, such as death, incapability of activity, abnormality and the like, is recorded and reported in the test process; the shrimps are judged to die without any visible reaction when being touched; the test conditions and the results are shown in Table 6:
TABLE 6 test conditions measurement results
As can be seen from Table 6, during the test period, the pH values of the solutions of the blank control group and the tested group are in the range of 7.23-7.49, the dissolved oxygen is kept between 62.1% and 99.5% of the saturated dissolved oxygen, and the temperature is controlled at 23.6-23.9 ℃; the test effectiveness requirement is met;
fifth, the mortality rates of the tested shrimp species after exposure to different control agents are shown in table 7;
TABLE 7 mortality of tested shrimp species after exposure to different control agents
As can be seen from Table 7, the procambarus clarkii in the control group had normal activities and mortality during the test period<10 percent; the procambarus clarkii contacts 6 times of the field dosage of 10 times#After the liquid medicine is treated by a formula (57% thiacloprid-pymetrozine water dispersible granule) for 5-6 hours, the composition is scratched by a chela, the tail part of the composition bounces repeatedly, the walking foot is stiff, the walking foot flutters rapidly, the composition continuously falls down and climbs, the activity is weakened, part of shrimps die gradually after 8 hours, and the average death rate reaches 61.90% after 168 hours;
the procambarus clarkii contacts 10 times of the field dosage of 9#After the Hanjie (70% pymetrozine and dinotefuran water dispersible granules) is used for treating the liquid medicine for 5-6 hours, the steps are stiff, the activity is weakened, partial shrimps die after 24 hours, and the average death rate reaches 28.57% after 168 hours;
the procambarus clarkii contacts 4 times and 10 times of field dosage of 10#After the Wangda (36% thifluzamide azoxystrobin suspending agent) is treated in the liquid medicine for 1-2 h, the patient is scratched by chela forceps, the feet are stiff, the tail part of the patient is hooked in front, and the patient continuously falls downClimbing, wherein the body falls down after 3-4 h and is in a difficult state, shrimps die gradually after 6-8 h, and the average death rate reaches 100% after 168 h;
after the procambarus clarkii contacts the liquid medicine of the other treatment groups for 1-2 hours, the procambarus clarkii extends forwards, quickly climbs, is supported by a walking foot, flutters by the swimming foot and hooks at the front of the tail part, and slowly recovers to be normal after 5-6 hours, and the average death rate is 0-14.29% after 168 hours;
1#doubly large (10% spinosad suspension), 2#Fuyilai (13% valida oligosaccharide suspension), 3#200 hundred million PIB/g Prodenia litura nuclear polyhedrosis virus, 4#Bang Sheng No. 8 (3% hypersensitive protein microgranule) and 5#The mortality rate of procambarus clarkii has no significant difference (p) compared with a blank control group under the conditions that the amount of the 45 percent tricyclo-azoxystrobin suspending agent is 1 time, 4 times and 10 times of the recommended field dosage respectively>0.05)；
6#Good handle formula (57% thiacloprid pymetrozine water dispersible granule) and 9#The mortality rate of procambarus clarkii has no significant difference (p) compared with a blank control group under the conditions that the (70% pymetrozine-dinotefuran water dispersible granules) are 1 time and 4 times of the recommended field dosage>0.05); the mortality rate of the procambarus clarkii is obviously higher than that of a blank control group (p) under the condition of 10 times of recommended field dosage<0.05)；
7#(formulation one) and 8#(formulation II) the mortality rate of procambarus clarkii was not significantly different from that of the blank control group in the case of 1-fold and 4-fold recommended field dosage (p)>0.05)；
10#Under the condition that the Wangda (36% thifluzak-azoxystrobin suspending agent) is used at 1 time of recommended field dosage, the death rate of procambarus clarkii has no significant difference (p) compared with that of a blank control group>0.05); the mortality rate of Procambrus clarkii was significantly higher than that of the placebo group (p) at 4 and 10 times the recommended field usage<0.05)。
Claims (9)
1. The test device for acute toxicity of rice disease and pest control chemicals to shellfish aquatic organisms is characterized by comprising a test box (1), a drainage assembly (2), a chemical preparation assembly (3) and a controller; the lower end of the test box (1) is provided with a base (10), and a partition plate (11) is horizontally arranged in the test box (1); a plurality of culture cavities (110) and a medicament preparation cavity (111) are arranged in the test box (1) and positioned at the upper end of the partition plate (11), and a culture net cage (12) is clamped in the culture cavities (110) in a sliding manner; the reagent preparation cavity (111) is positioned among the plurality of culture cavities (110), and the side wall of the test box (1) is provided with a drain pipe (13);
the drainage assembly (2) comprises a plurality of driving screws (20), a sealing plate (21), a first motor (22) and a second motor (23), wherein the driving screws (20) are uniformly distributed in each culture cavity (110); each driving screw (20) penetrates through the partition board (11) and is rotationally clamped with the partition board (11), and the lower end of each driving screw (20) is provided with a connecting belt wheel (200); each driving screw (20) positioned in the same culture cavity (110) is respectively in threaded connection with the corresponding culture net cage (12); a plurality of drain holes (112) are formed in the positions, corresponding to the positions of the aquaculture net cages (12), on the partition plate (11), the number of the sealing plates (21) is corresponding to the number of the aquaculture net cages (12), sealing columns (210) corresponding to the number and the positions of the drain holes (112) are arranged on the sealing plates (21), and threaded sleeves (211) are arranged at the lower ends of the sealing plates (21); the first motor (22) and the second motor (23) are arranged inside the test box (1) and located at the lower end of the partition plate (11), a first belt wheel (220) is arranged on an output shaft of the first motor (22), and the first belt wheels (220) are connected with the connecting belt wheels (200) through belts; a water drainage screw rod (230) is arranged on an output shaft of the second motor (23), and the water drainage screw rod (230) is in threaded connection with the threaded sleeve (211);
the medicament preparation assembly (3) comprises a medicament box (30), a lifting motor (31) and an ultrasonic oscillator (32), wherein the medicament box (30) is movably clamped inside a medicament preparation cavity (111), independent medicament preparation cavities (300) corresponding to the culture cavities (110) in number are arranged inside the medicament box (30), and medicament inlet pipes (301) and medicament discharge pipes (302) are arranged on the medicament box (30) at positions corresponding to the independent medicament preparation cavities (300); the lifting motor (31) is arranged inside the medicament preparation cavity (111), a lifting screw rod (310) is arranged on an output shaft of the lifting motor (31), and the lifting screw rod (310) is in threaded connection with the medicament box (30); the ultrasonic oscillator (32) is arranged in the medicament preparation cavity (111), and can be abutted against the ultrasonic oscillator (32) when the medicament box (30) is positioned at the lowest end of the lifting screw rod (310);
the controller is respectively and electrically connected with the first motor (22), the second motor (23), the lifting motor (31) and the ultrasonic oscillator (32).
2. The device for testing acute toxicity of rice disease and pest control chemicals to shellfish aquatic organisms according to claim 1, wherein an aerator (4) is arranged inside the base (10), aeration joints (40) are arranged on the side wall of the test box (1) corresponding to the positions of the culture cavities (110), each aeration joint (40) is connected with the aerator (4) through a conduit, an electromagnetic flow valve is arranged at each joint, and the electromagnetic flow valve and the aerator (4) are electrically connected with a controller respectively.
3. The device for testing acute toxicity of rice disease and pest control chemicals to crustacean aquatic organisms according to claim 1, wherein a water bath box (5) is arranged on the outer wall of the test box (1), an electric heater (50) and a temperature controller (51) are arranged inside the water bath box (5), and the electric heater (50) and the temperature controller (51) are respectively and electrically connected with the controller; the side wall of the water bath tank (5) is provided with a water inlet (52) and a water outlet (53).
4. The device for testing acute toxicity of rice disease and pest control agents to shellfish aquatic organisms according to claim 1, wherein a waterproof plate (14) is arranged inside the test chamber (1) and at the lower end of the partition plate (11), and the first motor (22) and the second motor (23) are both arranged at the lower end of the waterproof plate (14).
5. The device for testing acute toxicity of rice disease and pest control agents to shellfish aquatic organisms according to claim 1, wherein a liquid level sensor is disposed inside each cultivation cavity (110).
6. The device for testing acute toxicity of rice disease and pest control chemicals to crustacean aquatic organisms according to claim 1, wherein a bait feeding box (6) is arranged at the upper end of each cultivation net box (12), the bait feeding box (6) is movably clamped at the upper end of the cultivation net box (12) through a connecting frame (60), a pressure sensor is arranged at the joint of the bait feeding box (6) and the connecting frame (60), a feeding pipe (61) is arranged at the lower end of the bait feeding box (6), an electromagnetic control valve is arranged on the feeding pipe (61), and the electromagnetic control valve is electrically connected with a controller.
7. The device for testing acute toxicity of rice pest control agents on shellfish aquatic organisms according to claim 1, wherein the sealing plate (21) is slidably connected with the partition plate (11) through a sliding rod (212), the sliding rod (212) is sleeved with a damping spring (2120), one end of the damping spring (2120) is clamped with the sliding rod (212), and the other end of the damping spring abuts against the lower end face of the sealing plate (21).
8. The device for testing acute toxicity of rice disease and pest control agents on shellfish aquatic organisms as claimed in claim 1, wherein a threaded pipe (303) is movably clamped inside the agent box (30), the agent box (30) is in threaded connection with the lifting screw rod (310) through the threaded pipe (303), and the joints of the upper end and the lower end of the threaded pipe (303) and the agent box (30) are provided with buffer springs (304).
9. The device for testing acute toxicity of rice disease and pest control agents on crustacean aquatic organisms according to claim 1, wherein a cleaning brush plate (15) is arranged on the outer wall of each cultivation net box (12), and the cleaning brush plate (15) is abutted against the inner wall of the test box (1).
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