CN112772473B - Freshwater white pomfret breeding method and breeding net cage - Google Patents
Freshwater white pomfret breeding method and breeding net cage Download PDFInfo
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- CN112772473B CN112772473B CN202110126676.5A CN202110126676A CN112772473B CN 112772473 B CN112772473 B CN 112772473B CN 202110126676 A CN202110126676 A CN 202110126676A CN 112772473 B CN112772473 B CN 112772473B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/10—Culture of aquatic animals of fish
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/60—Floating cultivation devices, e.g. rafts or floating fish-farms
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/80—Feeding devices
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A23K10/22—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin from fish
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A23K10/26—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin from waste material, e.g. feathers, bones or skin
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
- Y02A40/818—Alternative feeds for fish, e.g. in aquacultures
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
- Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production
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Abstract
The invention discloses a freshwater white pomfret culturing method and a culturing net cage, and relates to the field of aquaculture.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of aquaculture, in particular to a freshwater white pomfret aquaculture method and an aquaculture net cage device.
Background
The freshwater white pomfret is originally produced in south America Amazon river, and a new variety introduced in recent years is popular with farmers due to wide application range, miscellaneous eating habits, fast growth, strong disease resistance, less bones, no muscle spurs, tender meat quality and good market.
Freshwater white pomfret usually lives in the middle and lower layers of a water area, prefers to live in social communities and swimming, and belongs to middle and lower layer fishes. The research shows that: the optimal growth temperature of the freshwater white pomfret is 28-30 ℃; when the water temperature is higher than 35 ℃ or lower than 20 ℃, the feed intake is reduced, and the growth speed is obviously slowed down; when the water temperature is reduced to 12 ℃, most fish bodies lose balance, and die at 10 ℃.
Cage culture is one of the main modes of freshwater white pomfret, but when the aquaculture cage is immersed in water for a long time, moss easily grows at the depth of illumination, the exchange of water bodies inside and outside the aquaculture cage is influenced, the oxygen content in water is reduced, the growth of the freshwater white pomfret is further influenced, and the netting gear is required to be cleaned in a certain period.
At present, the moss in the net cage is removed, the fishing net needs to be manually pulled up from water by adopting a physical method and is removed by using a chemical reagent, multiple persons are needed to work cooperatively, the working efficiency is very low, the freshwater white pomfret is particularly sensitive to medicines, the freshwater white pomfret is dead due to the chemical reagent, and the survival rate is reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a freshwater white pomfret culturing method and a culturing net cage, which have the advantages of automatically removing moss on the surface of the net cage, avoiding manpower consumption and chemical reagent damage to the freshwater white pomfret and improving the survival rate of the freshwater white pomfret.
The technical purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: including the fishing net device, be equipped with buoyancy mechanism on the fishing net device, buoyancy mechanism provides buoyancy for whole box with a net, and buoyancy mechanism is equipped with the material device of throwing, its characterized in that including setting up left buoyancy piece and the right buoyancy piece in the fishing net device both sides, left buoyancy piece and right buoyancy piece and box with a net device fixed connection on the right buoyancy piece: and a cleaning device is arranged on one side of the left buoyancy block and comprises a cleaning mechanism, a power source and a transmission device, the transmission device transmits power to the cleaning mechanism, the cleaning mechanism comprises a cleaning roller arranged on the input shaft, a cleaning brush is arranged on the opposite surface of the cleaning roller, the cleaning brush is fixedly connected with the outer telescopic rod, and the fishing net device penetrates through the middle of the cleaning brush and the cleaning roller through a rotating device to remove moss.
By adopting the technical scheme, the net cage stably floats in water, a normal living space is ensured for the freshwater white pomfret, the net cage is cleaned by physical friction without manpower cleaning and chemical reagent use, the injury rate of the freshwater white pomfret is reduced, the survival rate of the freshwater white pomfret is improved, moss on the surface of the net cage is effectively removed, the permeability of the net cage is maintained, normal exchange of water bodies inside and outside the net cage is realized, and the oxygen content required by the freshwater white pomfret in water is maintained.
Preferably, the transmission device includes a power source, a timing switch for controlling the power source is provided on the power source, a belt for power transmission is provided on one side of the power source, an output bevel gear is provided on the output shaft, a transmission shaft is provided on one side of the output bevel gear, a transmission bevel gear for converting the power direction is provided on the transmission shaft, the transmission bevel gear is engaged with the output bevel gear, an input shaft is provided on one side of the transmission bevel gear, an input bevel gear for power transmission is provided on the input shaft, the transmission bevel gear is engaged with the input bevel gear, a second output bevel gear for changing the power direction is provided at one end of the transmission shaft, and the second output bevel gear is engaged with a second input bevel gear on one side.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, a power supply can supply energy for a plurality of mechanisms, and through bevel gear group cooperation, for multi-direction device energy supply, efficiency and energy utilization have been improved, adopt gear drive, the transmission is stable to the transmission accuracy is high.
Further setting: the fishing net device comprises a left fishing net, a rear fishing net, a top fishing net, a right fishing net, a bottom fishing net and a front fishing net, the left fishing net, the top fishing net, the right fishing net and the bottom fishing net are integrated, flexible racks are arranged on the peripheries of the left fishing net, the top fishing net, the right fishing net and the bottom fishing net, one end of each flexible rack is fixedly connected with the left fishing net, the top fishing net, the right fishing net and the bottom fishing net, the other end of each flexible rack is arranged in a first fixing groove, each flexible rack is meshed with a power gear, and each flexible rack is connected with the first fixing groove in a sliding fit manner; the front side fishing net and the rear side fishing net are arranged independently, hard racks are arranged on two sides of the front side fishing net and the rear side fishing net, one end of each hard rack is arranged in the second fixing groove, the hard racks are meshed with the transmission gears, and the hard racks are connected with the second fixing grooves in a sliding fit mode.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, the fishing net device divides the regional setting, makes things convenient for the lift and the rotation of fishing net device to and the change of damaged fishing net becomes simpler.
Preferably, the rotating device comprises a power source, a transmission mechanism and a power gear, wherein a second output bevel gear with a power direction changed is arranged on the transmission shaft, the second output bevel gear is meshed with a second input bevel gear, one end of the second input bevel gear is provided with the power gear, the power gear and the second input bevel gear rotate coaxially, and the power gear is meshed with the flexible rack.
By adopting the technical scheme, the net cage is uniformly stressed, and the net cage cannot be damaged due to overlarge local force.
Further setting: the frame device supports the whole fishing net device to ensure the internal space of the net cage, and comprises a power source, a telescopic mechanism which is arranged on one side of the left fishing net and used for controlling the depth of the whole net cage, and an adjusting mechanism used for controlling the telescopic mechanism.
By adopting the technical scheme, the internal space of the net cage is ensured, so that the freshwater white pomfret can grow normally, and the freshwater white pomfret can not be damaged due to undersize local space.
Further setting: the telescopic mechanism comprises an outer telescopic rod, a middle telescopic rod is arranged in the outer telescopic rod, and the middle telescopic rod is connected with the outer telescopic rod in a sliding fit manner; an inner telescopic rod is arranged in the middle telescopic rod and is connected with the middle telescopic rod in a sliding fit manner; a transverse supporting rod is arranged at the lower side of the inner telescopic rod and is fixedly connected with the inner telescopic rod, so that the width of the net cage is kept; the square hole is internally provided with a fixed rod, one end of the fixed rod is fixedly connected with the supporting rod, one side of the fixed rod is fixedly connected with a hard rack on the front side fishing net, and the hard rack is connected with a power source through a transmission device.
By adopting the technical scheme, the height of the net cage device can be flexibly adjusted and safely fixed, so that the net cage depth is adjusted to the temperature suitable for the living of the freshwater white pomfret, and the growth rate of the freshwater white pomfret is improved.
Further setting: the adjusting mechanism comprises a fixing hole formed in the outer telescopic rod, an adjusting knob for controlling the telescopic mechanism is arranged in the fixing hole, and the adjusting knob is in threaded connection with the fixing hole.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, high-efficient simple control telescopic machanism work has improved the security, prevents that the box with a net from appearing the self-lifting.
Preferably, the feeding mechanism comprises a storage box arranged on the right buoyancy block for storing the feed, the storage box is fixedly connected with the buoyancy block, the opening of the storage box is upward, the opening is normally closed, one end of the storage box is communicated with a feed channel, a feed sleeve is arranged at the junction of the top fishing net and the right fishing net, the feed channel is communicated with the feed sleeve, a screw conveyer for forward transmission of the feed is arranged in the feed sleeve, one end of the screw conveyer is connected with the rotating shaft, and a discharge port is formed in the feed sleeve.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, throw the material into the machine with the manual work and throw the material, raise the efficiency, it is more even to throw in, is favorable to the freshwater white pomfret better to eat the fodder, reduces extravagantly.
Another object of the invention is to provide a cage culture method of freshwater white pomfret,
a. the culture conditions are as follows: selecting a water area which is leeward and exposed to the sun, has a wide water surface, a stable water level and fresh water quality. The pH value of the water body is 5.6-7.4, the water depth is 3-6 m, the most suitable water temperature is 28-30 ℃, the telescopic mechanism (22) is lifted or lowered through the control adjusting mechanism (23), so that the lifting of the whole net cage is controlled, a proper temperature environment is created for the freshwater white pomfret, the transparency of the water body is more than 50 cm, and the dissolved oxygen is more than 5 mg/L.
b. Setting a net cage: the net cages are preferably sewn by using hard plastic meshes or metal meshes, the cage bodies are arranged in a straight line shape in the direction vertical to the water flow, and the net cages are arranged 1 week before the fingerlings enter the cage.
c. Putting the fish seeds: the freshwater white pomfret fingerling is put into a box in the last, middle and last ten days of 5 months each year, the stocking density is 70-80 tails/m 3, the specification is 10-12 tails/kg, and the fingerling is disinfected by 3% salt solution for 5-8 minutes before being put into the box.
8-10 days before the fingerlings are put into the box, the fingerlings are soaked for 15 minutes by using 20ppm/L potassium permanganate, and the fingerlings are vaccinated about 3-20 days after being put into the box, so that the survival rate of the fingerlings is improved.
d. Feeding the feed: the cage culture is mainly suitable for feeding granulated feed, and the protein content of the feed is above 30%. In actual production, a domestication fish-farming method can be adopted, the power source is started, power is input into the power gear through the transmission device, the power gear is meshed with the flexible gear to drive the net cage to rotate, water flow in the net cage can change, fishes can feel the change of the water flow and can rapidly swim to the water surface, conditioned reflex is formed over time so that the fish seeds can form a cluster floating water surface food robbery habit, domestication is performed twice a day, the water temperature at the two time points is appropriate when 8 am and 6 pm, the fish vitality is the most suitable for food taking, feeding is performed twice in the morning and evening, the fish growth is facilitated, the feeding device controls the power source through the timing switch to automatically feed the fish at fixed time, the feeding amount is generally 5% -7% of the total weight of the fish, and the feeding amount is controlled by elastically adjusting the timing switch according to the feeding state of white pomfret and the weather condition.
e. Daily management: the water temperature is observed every day, the food robbing and activity conditions of the fishes are recorded, the net cage is checked periodically for damage, and the fish species escape prevention work is well done.
f. Cleaning: the freshwater white pomfret is particularly sensitive to drugs, a power source is started through the rotating device, power is input into the power gear through the transmission device, the power gear is meshed with the flexible gear to drive the net cage to rotate, one surface of the underwater net cage is rotated to the water surface, moss on the surface of the net cage is killed through sun and wind blowing, the moss on the surface of the net cage is removed through the friction of the cleaning brush and the cutting roller in the cleaning device on the surface of the fishing net, so that the normal exchange of water bodies inside and outside the cultivation net cage is realized, the oxygen content required by the freshwater white pomfret in water is maintained, the bottom of the net is beaten through the rotation of the bottom cam shaft sleeve, fish excreta attached in holes of the net cage are shaken, and the permeability of the net cage is maintained.
g. And (3) fish harvesting: the growth period of the freshwater white pomfret is short, the freshwater white pomfret grows into a grown fish in September generally, the freshwater white pomfret is collected, the freshwater white pomfret is sensitive to temperature, the fish is collected before November, the telescopic mechanism is started, the power source drives the transmission gear to rotate through the transmission device, the transmission gear is meshed with the hard rack, the lifting and contracting rods are driven to move, the whole net cage is contracted to the position closest to the water surface, and the fish is collected quickly.
By adopting the technical scheme: the freshwater white pomfret can live at a proper temperature, so that the phenomenon that the pomfret does not eat food or dies due to too high temperature or too low temperature is avoided; the moss on the surface of the net cage is removed, so that the normal exchange of water bodies inside and outside the culture net cage is realized, the oxygen content required by the freshwater white pomfret in water is maintained, the manual cleaning is changed into the automatic machine cleaning, the efficiency is improved, the chemical cleaning is changed into the physical cleaning, and the damage of the freshwater white pomfret caused by chemical reagents is reduced; through domestication, the freshwater white pomfret can be fed with the feed at regular time, which is beneficial to the rapid growth of the freshwater white pomfret, shortens the culture period and improves the economic benefit.
Preferably, the feed comprises 25 to 35 percent of fish meal, 6 to 10 percent of meat and bone meal, 20 to 35 percent of soybean meal, 6 to 10 percent of peanut meal, 7 to 15 percent of corn, 1 to 2 percent of molasses, 6 to 14 percent of wheat bran, 1 to 3 percent of soybean oil, 0.5 to 2 percent of mineral additive and 0.5 to 1 percent of vitamin mixture.
By adopting the technical scheme: the freshwater white pomfret grows rapidly, the culture period is shortened, the resistance of the freshwater white pomfret is improved, and the survival rate of the freshwater white pomfret is increased.
In conclusion, the invention has the following beneficial effects: the temperature of the freshwater white pomfret is changed through the adjustment of the net cage, the problem that the freshwater white pomfret is sensitive to the temperature is solved, and the rapid growth of the freshwater white pomfret is promoted; the method for removing the moss physically reduces the labor cost, avoids the pollution of chemical reagents to water and the damage to the freshwater white pomfret, and is environment-friendly and sustainable in development; by the freshwater white pomfret culturing method, the survival rate of the freshwater white pomfret is increased, the growth rate of the freshwater white pomfret is improved, the culturing period is shortened, and the profit of farmers is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic bottom view of the first preferred embodiment;
FIG. 2 is a schematic side view of the first preferred embodiment;
FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional structure of the first preferred embodiment;
FIG. 4 is an enlarged schematic view of the structure of the transmission in accordance with the first preferred embodiment;
FIG. 5 is an enlarged schematic view of a feeding device in a second preferred embodiment;
in the figure, 101, a left fishing net; 102. a top fishing net; 103. a front side fishing net; 104. a buoyancy block; 106. a buoyancy block; 107. a rear fishing net; 108. a right fishing net; 109. a bottom fishing net; 110. a hard rack; 111. a flexible rack;
201. a power source; 202. a transfer bevel gear; 203. an output shaft; 204. an input bevel gear; 205. cleaning the roller; 206. a cleaning brush; 207. a power source; 209. an input shaft; 210. a timing switch; 211. an output bevel gear; 212. a belt; 213. a transmission gear;
301. an outer telescopic rod; 302 middle telescopic rod; 303 an inner telescopic rod; 304. a support bar; 305. a fixing hole; 306. adjusting a knob; 307. fixing the rod; 309. a first fixing groove; 310. a square hole; 311. a second fixing groove;
401. a second input bevel gear; 402. a second output bevel gear; 403. a drive shaft; 404. a power gear;
501. a material storage box; 502. a feed channel; 503. a rotating shaft; 504. a screw conveyor; 505. a discharge port; 506. a feed sleeve;
11. a fishing net device; 12. a cleaning device; 13. a frame means; 14. a rotating device; 15. a feeding device; 16. and a transmission device.
10. A buoyancy mechanism; 21. a cleaning mechanism; 22. a telescoping mechanism; 23. an adjustment mechanism; 24. a transmission mechanism; 25. a throwing mechanism.
Detailed Description
The method for cultivating freshwater white pomfret in a net cage and the net cage device are further described in detail with reference to the attached drawings.
Example one
A freshwater white pomfret culture device: referring to fig. 1, the fishing net device 11 is included, a buoyancy mechanism 10 is arranged outside the fishing net device 11, the buoyancy mechanism 10 provides buoyancy for the whole net cage to enable the net cage to float on water, the buoyancy mechanism 10 includes buoyancy blocks 104 and 106 arranged at two sides of the fishing net device 11, the buoyancy blocks 104 and 106 are fixedly connected with the net cage device 11, and the net cage device has enough strength to prevent damage in stormy waves and provide buoyancy support for the frame device 13.
Referring to fig. 2 and 3, the frame device 13 supports the entire fishing net device 11 to ensure the internal space of the net cage, and the frame device 13 includes a power source 201, a telescopic mechanism 22 arranged on one side of the left fishing net 101 for controlling the depth of the entire net cage, and an adjusting mechanism 23 for controlling the telescopic mechanism 22.
The telescopic mechanism 22 adjusts the depth of the whole net cage through the matching between the telescopic rods, the telescopic mechanism 22 comprises an outer telescopic rod 301, a middle telescopic rod 302 is arranged in the outer telescopic rod 301, the middle telescopic rod 302 is connected with the outer telescopic rod 301 in a sliding matching manner, and the middle telescopic rod 302 can be retracted in the outer telescopic rod 301 by a certain length; an inner telescopic rod 303 is arranged in the middle telescopic rod 302, the inner telescopic rod 303 is connected with the middle telescopic rod 302 in a sliding fit manner, and the inner telescopic rod 303 can be contracted in the middle telescopic rod 302 by a certain length and can be extended by a certain length; a transverse support rod 304 is arranged at the lower side of the inner telescopic rod 303, and the support rod 304 is fixedly connected with the inner telescopic rod 303 to keep the width of the net cage; a fixed rod 307 is arranged in the square hole 310, one end of the fixed rod 307 is fixedly connected with the supporting rod 304, one side of the fixed rod 307 is fixedly connected with the hard rack 110 on the front fishing net 103, and the hard rack 110 is connected with the power source 201 through the transmission device 16 to move.
The outer telescopic rod 301 is provided with an adjusting mechanism 23 for controlling the operation of the telescopic mechanism 22. The adjusting mechanism 23 includes a fixing hole 305 provided in the outer telescopic rod 301, an adjusting knob 306 is provided in the fixing hole 305, and the adjusting knob 306 is screwed to the fixing hole 305 to fix the fixing rod 307. When adjusting, only the adjusting mechanism 23 needs to be opened, the telescopic mechanism 22 starts to work, and the fixing rod 307 moves to drive the telescopic rod to stretch, so that the whole net cage is driven to stretch and descend, the depth of the whole fishing net device 11 is changed, and the water temperature suitable for the freshwater white pomfret is selected.
As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, fishing net assembly 11 maintains a space for normal growth of fish. The fishing net device 11 comprises a left fishing net 101, a rear fishing net 107, a top fishing net 102, a right fishing net 108, a bottom fishing net 109 and a front fishing net 103, the left fishing net 101, the top fishing net 102, the right fishing net 108 and the bottom fishing net 109 are integrated, flexible racks 111 are arranged around the left fishing net 101, the top fishing net 102, the right fishing net 108 and the bottom fishing net 109, one end of each flexible rack 111 is fixedly connected with the left fishing net 101, the top fishing net 102, the right fishing net 108 and the bottom fishing net 109, the other end of each flexible rack 111 is arranged in a first fixing groove 309, the flexible racks 111 are meshed with the power gear 404, and the flexible racks 111 are connected with the first fixing grooves 309 in a sliding fit manner; the front fishing net 103 and the rear fishing net 107 are arranged independently, the hard racks 110 are arranged on two sides of the front fishing net 103 and the rear fishing net 107, one end of each hard rack 110 is arranged in the second fixing groove 311, the hard racks 110 are meshed with the transmission gears 213, and the hard racks 110 are connected with the second fixing grooves 311 in a sliding fit mode.
As shown in fig. 3 and 4, cleaning devices 12 for cleaning the fishing net devices 11 are arranged on two sides of the left fishing net 101, each cleaning device 12 comprises a cleaning mechanism 21, a power source 201 and an input shaft 209, the cleaning mechanisms 21 are arranged in the fishing net devices 11 through the input shafts 209, the cleaning mechanisms 12 clean the fishing net devices 11 at regular time, the power sources 201 are arranged on the buoyancy blocks 104, and the power sources 201 are provided with timing switches 210 for controlling the power sources 201 to work at regular time, so that the freshwater white pomfret net devices 11 are cleaned at regular time to remove moss.
As shown in FIG. 3, the cleaning mechanism 21 removes moss on the surface of the fishing net through friction, the cleaning mechanism 12 comprises a cleaning roller 205 arranged on an input shaft 209, the cleaning roller 205 rotates to clean the surface of the fishing net, a cleaning brush 206 is arranged on the opposite surface of the cleaning roller 205, the cleaning brush 206 is fixedly connected with an outer telescopic rod 301, the fishing net device 11 penetrates through the middle of the cleaning brush 206 and the cleaning roller 205 through a rotating device 14, and the moss is removed through the friction of the cleaning brush 206 and the cleaning roller 205 on the surface of the fishing net.
As shown in fig. 4, the transmission device 16 includes a power source 201, a timing switch 210 is disposed on the power source 201, the timing switch 210 controls the power source 201 to operate, the power source 210 transmits power to an output shaft 203 through a belt 212, an output bevel gear 211 is disposed on the output shaft 203, a transmission shaft 403 is disposed on one side of the output bevel gear 211, a transmission bevel gear 202 is disposed on the transmission shaft 403, the transmission bevel gear 202 is engaged with the output bevel gear 211 to transmit power in a direction changing manner, an input shaft 209 is disposed on one side of the transmission bevel gear 202, an input bevel gear 204 is disposed on the input shaft 209, the transmission bevel gear 202 is engaged with the input bevel gear 204 to transmit power in the power source 201 in a direction changing manner, and power is supplied to the cleaning device 12. One end of the transmission shaft 403 is provided with a second output bevel gear 402, the second output bevel gear 402 is meshed with a second input bevel gear 401 on one side, the power direction is changed again to be transmitted, and the rotation device 14 and the feeding device 15 are ensured to operate.
As shown in fig. 3, the rotating device 14 rotates the fishing net device 11 for cleaning, the rotating device includes a power source 201, a transmission mechanism 24 and a power gear 404, the power source 201 inputs power to a transmission shaft 403 through a transmission device 16, the transmission shaft 403 is provided with a second output bevel gear 402, the second output bevel gear 402 is meshed with a second input bevel gear 401 to change the power direction, one end of the second input bevel gear 401 is provided with the power gear 404, the power gear 404 and the second input bevel gear 401 rotate coaxially, the power gear 404 is meshed with the flexible rack 111 to drive the fishing net device 11 to rotate, the fishing net at the bottom is rotated to the water surface, and green moss is effectively killed by sunlight.
As shown in fig. 5, a feeding device 15 is arranged on the buoyancy block 106, and the feeding device 15 feeds the freshwater white pomfret in the net cage. The feeding device 15 comprises a power source 201, a transmission shaft 403 and a feeding mechanism 25, wherein the power source 201 stably transmits power to the feeding mechanism 25 through the transmission shaft 403, and feed feeding of the feeding device 15 is guaranteed.
The feeding mechanism 25 comprises a storage box 501 arranged on the buoyancy block 106 for storing the feed, the storage box 501 is fixedly connected with the buoyancy block 106, the storage box 501 is upward in opening and normally closed, and the feed is prevented from being damaged by water entering. A feed channel 502 is communicated with one end of the storage box 501, a feed sleeve 506 is arranged at the junction of the top fishing net 102 and the right fishing net 108, the feed channel 502 is communicated with the feed sleeve 506, and feed slides into the feed sleeve 506 through self gravity. An auger 504 is arranged in the feed sleeve 506, one end of the auger 504 is connected with the rotating shaft 503, the auger 504 rotates to forward transmit the feed, a discharge port 505 is arranged on the feed sleeve 506, and the feed transmitted forward is thrown out of the discharge port 505 due to centrifugal force and is put into the net cage.
Example two
A method for cage culture of freshwater white pomfret, which comprises the following steps,
a. the culture conditions are as follows: selecting a water area which is leeward and exposed to the sun, has a wide water surface, a stable water level and fresh water quality. The pH value of the water body is 5.6-7.4, the water depth is 3-6 meters, the optimum water temperature is 28-30 ℃, most fish bodies lose balance when the water temperature is reduced to 12 ℃, the fish bodies die when the water temperature is 10 ℃, the fish bodies do not eat when the water temperature exceeds 33 ℃, the water layer temperature is different, the telescopic mechanism 22 is lifted or lowered by controlling the adjusting mechanism 23, so that the whole net cage is controlled to lift, and the freshwater white pomfret is in the water layer environment with the appropriate temperature. The transparency of the water body is more than 50 cm, and the dissolved oxygen is more than 5 mg/L.
b. Setting a net cage: the specification of the net cage is generally long: width: the depth is =4 m × 4 m, the net cage is made of rigid plastic thick net sheets, and because the upper jaw and the lower jaw of the white pomfret have sharp teeth, the polyethylene net cage is easy to bite, and the rigid plastic net sheets or metal net sheets are preferably selected for sewing to prevent the white pomfret from biting and damaging the net sheets to escape. The mesh diameter is 1 cm. The cage bodies are arranged in a line shape in the direction perpendicular to the water flow so as to ensure good water quality and sufficient dissolved oxygen in the cage bodies, the cage bodies are carefully checked before the cage bodies are launched into water, the cage bodies are ensured not to be damaged, the cage bodies are arranged 1 week before the fingerlings enter the cage bodies, the net sheets are immersed into the water and softened, and the juvenile fishes are prevented from being scratched.
c. Putting the fish seeds: the freshwater white pomfret fingerling is put into a box in the last, middle and last ten days of 5 months each year, the stocking density is 70-80 tails/m 3, the specification is 10-12 tails/kg, and the fingerling is disinfected by 3% salt solution for 5-8 minutes before being put into the box.
8-10 days before the fingerlings are put into the box, the fingerlings are soaked for 15 minutes by using 20ppm/L potassium permanganate, and the fingerlings are vaccinated about 3-20 days after being put into the box, so that the survival rate of the fingerlings is improved.
d. Feeding the feed: the freshwater white pomfret is omnivorous fish with wide feeding habits, the food source is wide, and various aquatic and terrestrial plants, agricultural and sideline products and compound feed can meet the requirements of the freshwater white pomfret. The cage culture is mainly suitable for feeding granulated feed, and the protein content of the feed is above 30%. In actual production, a domestication fish-farming method can be adopted, the power source 201 is started, power is input into the power gear 404 through the transmission device 16, the power gear 404 is meshed with the flexible gear 111 to drive the net cage to rotate, water flow in the net cage is changed, fish can feel the change of the water flow, can quickly swim to the water surface, and form conditioned reflex over time, so that the fingerlings form a habit of floating on the water surface for snatching and eating, are domesticated twice a day at 8 am and 6 pm, the two time points have proper water temperature, the fish has the most vitality, is suitable for eating, is fed twice in the morning and evening, and is beneficial to the rapid growth of the fish, the feeding device 15 controls the power source through the timing switch to automatically feed at regular time, the feeding amount is generally 5 to 7 percent of the total weight of the fish body, meanwhile, the feeding amount is controlled by flexibly adjusting a timing switch according to the feeding state of the freshwater white pomfret and the weather condition.
e. Daily management: the water temperature is observed every day, the food robbing and activity conditions of the fishes are recorded, the net cage is checked periodically for damage, and the fish species escape prevention work is well done.
f. Cleaning: the freshwater white pomfret is particularly sensitive to drugs, and when the concentration of trichlorphon is 0,2ppm, the freshwater white pomfret begins to die; when the concentration of malachite green is 0.3ppm, poisoning occurs, moss on the net cage cannot be removed through a chemical method, the power source 201 is started through the rotating device 14, power is input into the power gear 404 through the transmission device 16, the power gear 404 is meshed with the flexible gear 111 to drive the net cage to rotate, one surface of the underwater net cage rotates to the water surface, the moss on the surface of the net cage is killed through solarization and wind blowing, and the moss on the surface of the net cage is removed through the friction of the cleaning brush 206 in the cleaning device 12 and the cutting roller 205 on the surface of the fishing net, so that the normal exchange of water bodies inside and outside the net cage is realized, and the oxygen content required by the freshwater white pomfret in water is maintained. The bottom cam shaft sleeve 208 is rotated to flap the bottom of the net, so that fish excretions attached to the holes of the net cage are shaken away, and the permeability of the net cage is kept.
g. And (3) fish harvesting: the growth period of the freshwater white pomfret is short, the freshwater white pomfret grows into adult pomfret generally in September, and the pomfret is collected, the freshwater white pomfret is sensitive to temperature, most of pomfret bodies lose balance when the water temperature is reduced to 12 ℃, the pomfret bodies begin to die at 10 ℃, the temperature of water in November is too low, the freshwater white pomfret bodies die, and the collection of the pomfret bodies is completed before November. The telescopic mechanism 22 is started, the power source 201 drives the transmission gear 213 to rotate through the transmission device 16, the transmission gear 213 is meshed with the hard rack 110, so that the telescopic rods are driven to move, the whole net cage is contracted to the position closest to the water surface, and the fish can be quickly collected.
Further, the freshwater white pomfret feed comprises 25-35% of fish meal, 6-10% of meat and bone meal, 20-35% of soybean meal, 6-10% of peanut meal, 7-15% of corn, 1-2% of molasses, 6-14% of wheat bran, 1-3% of soybean oil, 0.5-2% of mineral additives and 0.5-1% of vitamin mixture.
The above-mentioned embodiments are merely illustrative and not restrictive, and those skilled in the art can modify the embodiments without inventive contribution as required after reading this specification, but only fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. The utility model provides a box with a net device of freshwater white pomfret breed, includes fishing net device (11), be equipped with buoyancy mechanism (10) on fishing net device (11), buoyancy mechanism (10) provide buoyancy for whole box with a net, and buoyancy mechanism (10) are equipped with feeding device (15) its characterized in that including setting up left buoyancy piece (104) and right buoyancy piece (106) in fishing net device (11) both sides, left buoyancy piece (104) and right buoyancy piece (106) and box with a net device fixed connection on right buoyancy piece (106): a cleaning device (12) is arranged on one side of the left buoyancy block (104), the cleaning device (12) comprises a cleaning mechanism (21), a power source (201) and a transmission device (16), the transmission device (16) transmits power to the cleaning mechanism (21), the cleaning mechanism (21) comprises a cleaning roller (205) arranged on an input shaft (209), a cleaning brush (206) is arranged on the opposite surface of the cleaning roller (205), the cleaning brush (206) is fixedly connected with the outer telescopic rod (301), and the fishing net device (11) penetrates through the middle of the cleaning brush (206) and the cleaning roller (205) through a rotating device (14) to remove moss;
the transmission device (16) comprises a timing switch (210) which is arranged on the power source (201) and used for controlling the power source (201), a belt (212) for power transmission is arranged on one side of the power source (201), an output bevel gear (211) is arranged on the output shaft (203), a transmission shaft (403) is arranged on one side of the output bevel gear (211), a transmission bevel gear (202) for converting the power direction is arranged on the transmission shaft (403), the transmission bevel gear (202) is meshed with the output bevel gear (211), an input shaft (209) is arranged on one side of the transmission bevel gear (202), an input bevel gear (204) for power transmission is arranged on the input shaft (209), the transmission bevel gear (202) is meshed with the input bevel gear (204), a second output bevel gear (402) for changing the power direction is arranged at one end of the transmission shaft (403), and the second output bevel gear (402) is meshed with a second input bevel gear (401) on one side;
the fishing net device (11) comprises a left fishing net (101), a rear fishing net (107), a top fishing net (102), a right fishing net (108), a bottom fishing net (109) and a front fishing net (103), wherein the left fishing net (101), the top fishing net (102), the right fishing net (108) and the bottom fishing net (109) are integrated, flexible racks (111) are arranged around the left fishing net (101), the top fishing net (102), the right fishing net (108) and the bottom fishing net (109), one end of each flexible rack (111) is fixedly connected with the left fishing net (101), the top fishing net (102), the right fishing net (108) and the bottom fishing net (109), the other end of each flexible rack (111) is arranged in a first fixing groove (309), each flexible rack (111) is meshed with a power gear (404), and each flexible rack is connected with the first fixing groove (309) in a sliding fit manner; the front side fishing net (103) and the rear side fishing net (107) are arranged independently, hard racks (110) are arranged on two sides of the front side fishing net (103) and the rear side fishing net (107), one end of each hard rack (110) is arranged in the second fixing groove (311), the hard racks (110) are meshed with the transmission gear (213), and the hard racks (110) are connected with the second fixing grooves (311) in a sliding fit mode.
2. The net cage device for cultivating the freshwater white pomfret of claim 1, wherein: the rotating device (14) comprises a power source (201), a transmission mechanism (24) and a power gear (404), a second output bevel gear (402) with a power direction changing is arranged on the transmission shaft (403), the second output bevel gear (402) is meshed with a second input bevel gear (401), the power gear (404) is arranged at one end of the second input bevel gear (401), the power gear (404) and the second input bevel gear (401) rotate coaxially, and the power gear (404) is meshed with the flexible rack (111).
3. The net cage device for cultivating the freshwater white pomfret of claim 1, wherein: the frame device (13) supports the whole fishing net device (11) to ensure the internal space of the net cage, and the frame device (13) comprises a power source (201), a telescopic mechanism (22) which is arranged on one side of the left fishing net (101) and controls the depth of the whole net cage, and an adjusting mechanism (23) which controls the telescopic mechanism (22).
4. The net cage device for cultivating the freshwater white pomfret of claim 3, wherein: the telescopic mechanism (22) comprises an outer telescopic rod (301), a middle telescopic rod (302) is arranged in the outer telescopic rod (301), and the middle telescopic rod (302) is connected with the outer telescopic rod (301) in a sliding fit manner; an inner telescopic rod (303) is arranged in the middle telescopic rod (302), and the inner telescopic rod (303) is connected with the middle telescopic rod (302) in a sliding fit manner; a transverse supporting rod (304) is arranged on the lower side of the inner telescopic rod (303), and the supporting rod (304) is fixedly connected with the inner telescopic rod (303) to keep the width of the net cage; a fixing rod (307) is arranged in the square hole (310), one end of the fixing rod (307) is fixedly connected with the supporting rod (304), one side of the fixing rod (307) is fixedly connected with a hard rack (110) on the front fishing net (103), and the hard rack (110) is connected with the power source (201) through a transmission device (16).
5. The net cage device for cultivating the freshwater white pomfret of claim 3, wherein: the adjusting mechanism (23) comprises a fixing hole (305) formed in the outer telescopic rod (301), an adjusting knob (306) for controlling the telescopic mechanism (22) is arranged in the fixing hole (305), and the adjusting knob (306) is in threaded connection with the fixing hole (305).
6. The net cage device for cultivating the freshwater white pomfret of claim 1, wherein: throw material mechanism (25) including setting up storage case (501) of depositing the fodder on right buoyancy piece (106), storage case (501) and buoyancy piece fixed connection, storage case (501) opening is upwards, the opening normal close, storage case (501) one end intercommunication is equipped with fodder passageway (502), top fishing net (102) are equipped with fodder sleeve pipe (506) with right side fishing net (108) juncture, fodder passageway (502) communicate with each other with fodder sleeve pipe (506), be equipped with screw feeder (504) with the fodder forward transmission in fodder sleeve pipe (506), screw feeder (504) one end is connected with axis of rotation (503), be equipped with discharge gate (505) on fodder sleeve pipe (506).
7. A method for culturing freshwater white pomfret cage device according to any one of claims 1-6, which is characterized in that:
a. the culture conditions are as follows: selecting a water area which is leeward and exposed to the sun, has a wide water surface, a stable water level and fresh water quality; the pH value of the water body is 5.6-7.4, the water depth is 3-6 m, the optimum water temperature is 28-30 ℃, the telescopic mechanism (22) is lifted or lowered by controlling the adjusting mechanism (23), so that the lifting of the whole net cage is controlled, a proper temperature environment is created for the freshwater white pomfret, the transparency of the water body is more than 50 cm, and the dissolved oxygen is more than 5 mg/L;
b. the net cage is arranged: the net cage is sewn by using hard plastic meshes or metal meshes, the box bodies are arranged in a straight line shape in the direction vertical to the water flow, and the net cage is arranged 1 week before the fingerlings enter the box;
c. putting the fish seeds: planting freshwater white pomfret in the last middle ten days of 5 months each year, and stocking the freshwater white pomfret with the stocking density of 70-80 tails/m 3 The specification is 10-12 tails/kg, and the fish body is disinfected by dipping with 3% saline solution for 5-8 minutes before the fish seeds are put into the box;
soaking the fingerlings with 20ppm/L potassium permanganate for 15 minutes 8-10 days before the fingerlings are put into the box, and vaccinating the fingerlings 3-20 days after the fingerlings are put into the box;
d. feeding the feed: feeding granular feed mainly during cage culture, wherein the protein content of the feed is more than 30%, in actual production, a domestication fish culture method is adopted, a power source (201) is started, power is input into a power gear (404) through a transmission device (16), the power gear (404) is meshed with a flexible rack (111) to drive a cage to rotate, water flow in the cage changes, fish can feel the change of the water flow and can quickly swim to the water surface, conditioned reflex is formed in time so that fish seeds form a colony floating water surface snatching habit, domestication is carried out twice a day, the water temperature is proper at the two time points of 8 am and 6 pm, the fish has the highest vitality, is suitable for eating, is fed twice in the morning and evening and is beneficial to quick growth of the fish, a feeding device (15) controls the power source through a timing switch to regularly and automatically feed, the feeding amount is 5% -7% of the total weight of the fish body, meanwhile, the feeding amount is controlled by flexibly adjusting a timing switch according to the feeding state of the freshwater white pomfret and the weather condition;
e. daily management: observing the water temperature every day, recording the food robbery and activity conditions of the fishes, regularly checking whether the net cage is damaged or not, and making the fish escape prevention work;
f. cleaning: the freshwater white pomfret is particularly sensitive to medicines, a power source (201) is started through the rotating device (14), power is input to a power gear (404) through a transmission device (16), the power gear (404) is meshed with a flexible rack (111) to drive the net cage to rotate, one surface of the underwater net cage rotates to the water surface, moss on the surface of the net cage is killed through solarization and wind blowing, and the moss on the surface of the net cage is removed through friction between a cleaning brush (206) and a cleaning roller (205) in a cleaning device (12) on the surface of a fishing net, so that normal exchange of water bodies inside and outside the breeding net cage is realized, and the oxygen content required by the freshwater white pomfret in water is maintained; the bottom cam shaft sleeve (208) is rotated to flap the bottom of the net, so that fish excretions attached to the holes of the net cage are shaken off, and the permeability of the net cage is kept;
g. harvesting the fish: the growth period of the freshwater white pomfret is short, the freshwater white pomfret grows into a grown fish in September generally, the freshwater white pomfret is collected, the freshwater white pomfret is sensitive to temperature, the freshwater white pomfret is collected before November, the telescopic mechanism (22) is started, the power source (201) drives the transmission gear (213) to rotate through the transmission device (16), the transmission gear (213) is meshed with the hard rack (110), so that the telescopic rods are driven to move, the whole net cage is contracted to the position nearest to the water surface, and the fish is collected quickly.
8. The method as claimed in claim 7, wherein the feedstuff for white pomfret comprises fish meal 25-35%, meat bone meal 6-10%, soybean powder 20-35%, peanut meal 6-10%, corn 7-15%, molasses 1-2%, wheat bran 6-14%, soybean oil 1-3%, mineral additives 0.5-2%, and vitamin mixture 0.5-1%.
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114280285B (en) * | 2021-12-30 | 2022-06-21 | 生态环境部南京环境科学研究所 | Device for testing acute toxicity of rice disease and pest control agent to shellfish aquatic organisms |
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