CN114271390A - Plant feed for piglets and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Plant feed for piglets and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN114271390A CN114271390A CN202111595145.7A CN202111595145A CN114271390A CN 114271390 A CN114271390 A CN 114271390A CN 202111595145 A CN202111595145 A CN 202111595145A CN 114271390 A CN114271390 A CN 114271390A
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- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 235000019764 Soybean Meal Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 96
- 239000004455 soybean meal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 96
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- 239000000419 plant extract Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 55
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Classifications
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
- Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production
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- Medicines Containing Plant Substances (AREA)
- Fodder In General (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a piglet plant feed and a preparation method thereof, wherein the piglet plant feed comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 45-55 parts of corn, 10-20 parts of puffed corn, 10-20 parts of soybean meal, 6-15 parts of fermented soybean meal, 1-2 parts of soybean oil, 2-6 parts of premix and 2-6 parts of plant additive. The preparation method comprises the following steps: s1, crushing and mixing the corn, the puffed corn, the soybean meal, the fermented soybean meal, the soybean oil, the premix and the plant additive according to the proportion to obtain a mixture; and S2, granulating, cooling and screening the mixture to obtain a finished product. According to the application, the plant additive consisting of bacillus coagulans and the plant extract is added into the feed, so that the copy rate of piglets can be reduced, and the growth speed of the piglets can be improved.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of pig feed, in particular to piglet plant feed and a preparation method thereof.
Background
In the modern pig raising production process, the optimal weaning time of piglets is 25-30 days old, wherein weaning can cause stress on nutrition, environment and psychology of the piglets, appetite reduction, feed intake reduction, influence on growth and development, weight reduction, diarrhea and even death finally occur. Because the digestive tract and the enzyme of the piglet are not completely developed, the secretion of gastric acid is less and the enzyme activity is low. When piglets are weaned, diarrhea is induced if there is no adaptation to the antigen or the intestinal tract has not yet developed immune tolerance.
Because antibiotics which are traditionally used continuously are about to be prohibited due to adverse factors such as drug resistance residue, and the like, finding of antibiotic substitutes is a hot topic of pig breeding. Researches report that probiotics, organic acids, microecologics, oligosaccharides, high copper and high zinc and the like can all relieve a series of problems of growth retardation and the like caused by weaning stress, but the methods have the problems of high cost, immature technology, unstable effect and the like at different degrees.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to improve the diarrhea condition of piglets and promote the growth and development of the piglets, the application provides the piglet plant feed and the preparation method thereof.
In a first aspect, the application provides a plant feed for piglets, which comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight:
45-55 parts of corn;
10-20 parts of puffed corn;
10-20 parts of soybean meal;
6-15 parts of fermented soybean meal;
1-2 parts of soybean oil;
2-6 parts of premix;
2-6 parts of a plant additive;
the plant additive comprises bacillus coagulans and a plant extract, wherein the mass ratio of the bacillus coagulans to the plant extract is (0.10-0.25): 1;
the plant extract is prepared from radix Pulsatillae, flos Lonicerae, Glycyrrhrizae radix, radix astragali and cortex Phellodendri.
The plant additive is prepared by compounding bacillus coagulans and plant extracts, wherein the bacillus coagulans can reduce the pH value of intestinal tracts of piglets, inhibit harmful bacteria and promote the growth and reproduction of beneficial bacteria such as lactic acid bacteria, saccharomycetes, acetic acid bacteria, bifidobacteria and the like by secreting various beneficial substances.
In addition, the plant extract is prepared from the pulsatilla chinensis, the honeysuckle, the liquorice, the astragalus mongholicus and the golden cypress, is used by being compounded with bacillus coagulans, can effectively kill bacteria and viruses which cause pig diarrhea, can invigorate spleen and replenish qi, eliminate dampness and stop diarrhea, gradually recovers gastrointestinal functions, enhances the immune function of organisms, improves the anti-stress and anti-disease capability, improves the production performance and the growth speed, is particularly suitable for cases with unobvious antibiotic treatment effect, can reduce the use of antibiotics, and solves the problems of drug residue, drug abuse and the like.
Secondly, a certain amount of fermented soybean meal is added into the feed, the problem of piglet nutritional diarrhea can be solved by reducing the amount of the soybean meal, and the growth and development of piglets are promoted by the nutritional components and beneficial strains of the fermented soybean meal.
Thirdly, the soybean oil in the feed can be used as a solvent of the fat-soluble cellulose to promote the absorption, utilization and transportation of the fat-soluble vitamin and the carotenoid in intestinal tracts of the piglets; more importantly, the feed intake of the piglets can be improved, the retention time of beneficial bacteria in the fermented soybean meal in the digestive tracts of the piglets is prolonged, the problem of nutritional diarrhea of the piglets is further solved, and the growth and development of the piglets are promoted.
Optionally, the preparation method of the plant extract comprises the following steps:
mixing, crushing and sieving 30-40 parts by weight of Chinese pulsatilla root, 15-20 parts by weight of honeysuckle, 8-12 parts by weight of liquorice, 5-10 parts by weight of dark plum and 10-15 parts by weight of golden cypress to obtain plant powder with the particle size of less than or equal to 75 microns; putting the plant powder into a sealed tank, introducing water vapor, and keeping the pressure of 2-3 MPa and the temperature of 150-180 ℃ for 3-5 min;
placing the autoclaved plant powder into 75% ethanol solution for ultrasonic extraction, wherein the ultrasonic power is 90-100W, the temperature is 40-45 ℃, and the extraction time is 20-30 min;
and (4) after extraction, performing membrane filtration and spray drying to obtain the plant extract.
The plant extraction method is simple, and effective components in the Chinese pulsatilla root, the honeysuckle, the liquorice, the astragalus and the golden cypress are effectively extracted.
Optionally, the plant additive consists of bacillus coagulans, clostridium butyricum and a plant extract, and the mass ratio of the bacillus coagulans to the clostridium butyricum to the plant extract is (0.1-0.25): (0.05-0.15): 1.
the clostridium butyricum can promote the proliferation and development of beneficial flora (bifidobacteria and lactobacillus) in intestinal tracts of piglets, inhibit the growth and reproduction of harmful bacteria and putrefying bacteria in the intestinal tracts, correct the disturbance of the intestinal flora and reduce the occurrence of enterotoxin. In addition, clostridium butyricum and bacillus coagulans have the function of mutual promotion, and the clostridium butyricum and the bacillus coagulans can generate substances such as B vitamins, vitamin K, amylase and the like in intestinal tracts of piglets.
More importantly, the absorption rate of the plant extract by the piglets can be further improved by matching the two components, so that the diarrhea condition of the piglets is improved, the overall absorption rate of the piglets is improved, and the growth and development of the piglets are promoted.
Optionally, the mass ratio of the bacillus coagulans to the clostridium butyricum to the plant extract is (0.15-0.20): (0.08-0.12): 1, the mass of the bacillus coagulans is greater than the mass of the clostridium butyricum.
The bacillus coagulans, the clostridium butyricum and the plant extract in the proportion can further improve the absorption rate of piglets to the plant extract and promote the growth and development of the piglets.
Optionally, the mass ratio of the soybean meal to the fermented soybean meal is (1.5-1.7): 1, the fermented soybean meal contains lactic acid bacteria, saccharomycetes and acetic acid bacteria, and the content of total viable bacteria reaches more than 200 cfu/g.
Because the price of the fermented soybean meal is greater than that of the soybean meal, the mass ratio of the soybean meal to the fermented soybean meal is controlled to be (1.5-1.7): the range of 1 is that the cost of the feed can be reduced while the growth and development of the piglets are promoted. In addition, the fermented soybean meal has high protein content and contains multi-purpose useful bacteria, and is beneficial to maintaining intestinal microecological balance of piglets; in addition, the fermented soybean meal does not contain antigens and anti-nutritional factors, so that the condition of piglet nutritional diarrhea can be improved; furthermore, the fermented soybean meal contains a large amount of bioactive small peptide protein, can be directly absorbed through intestinal mucosa of piglets, has high transfer speed and absorption rate, and is favorable for promoting the growth and development of the piglets.
Preferably, the mass ratio of the soybean meal to the fermented soybean meal is (1.55-1.65): 1.
optionally, the preparation method of the fermented soybean meal comprises the following steps:
mixing soybean meal, water and zymophyte powder according to the weight ratio of 1000: (350-450): (3-5) uniformly mixing in a weight ratio to obtain a mixture, wherein the zymocyte powder contains lactic acid bacteria, saccharomycetes, acetic acid bacteria and aspergillus niger;
stacking the mixture in a fermentation tank, and fermenting for 30-36 hours at the temperature of 45-48 ℃;
and drying the fermented mixture to obtain the fermented soybean meal.
It should be noted that aspergillus niger can generate a large amount of ferulic acid esterase in the fermentation process, and the ferulic acid esterase can cut off the cross-linking between polysaccharide and polysaccharide in cell walls and between polysaccharide and lignin, thereby being beneficial to the degradation of polysaccharide in cell wall substances and the release of lignin.
Therefore, Aspergillus niger is added into the soybean meal for fermentation, so that the contents of crude protein, free amino acid, small peptide and organic acid in the fermented soybean meal can be increased, the content of anti-nutritional factors can be reduced, the palatability of the feed is improved, and diarrhea caused by feed stress is reduced.
In addition, Aspergillus niger in the zymocyte powder can also act synergistically with lactic acid bacteria, saccharomycetes and acetic acid bacteria, so that the fermentation effect of the soybean meal is further improved. Wherein, lactic acid bacteria, saccharomycetes and acetic acid bacteria in the fermentation bacteria powder are remained in the fermented soybean meal after fermentation is completed, and the fermentation bacteria powder is used for balancing beneficial bacteria groups in the digestive tract of piglets, further solving the problem of piglet nutritional diarrhea and promoting the growth and development of the piglets.
Optionally, the zymocyte powder contains 5 x 107～1*108Lactic acid bacteria 1 x 10/g7～5*107Yeast strain/g, 6 x 106～9*106Acetic acid bacteria and 3 x 10 per gram10～6*1010Per g of Aspergillus niger.
Through the technical scheme, the soybean meal can be effectively fermented, and the fermentation time is shortened. Generally, the fermented soybean meal needs more than 3 days, and the fermentation time of the fermented soybean meal is controlled within 3 days by the mutual matching of a certain amount of lactic acid bacteria, saccharomycetes, acetic acid bacteria and aspergillus niger. In addition, the above amount of bacteria not only can ferment the soybean meal, but also can remain in the fermented soybean meal after the fermentation is completed.
Optionally, the content of crude protein in the fermented soybean meal is 63.5-65.7%, the content of small peptide is 20.3-22.8%, and the content of soybean trypsin inhibitor is less than or equal to 1%.
The fermented soybean meal has high content of crude protein and small peptide, unique fermentation fragrance and excellent food calling performance, effectively improves the flavor of the feed, and increases the appetite of piglets.
In a second aspect, the present application provides a method for preparing plant feed for piglets, which comprises the following steps:
s1, crushing and mixing the corn, the puffed corn, the soybean meal, the fermented soybean meal, the soybean oil, the premix and the plant additive according to the proportion to obtain a mixture;
and S2, granulating, cooling and screening the mixture to obtain a finished product.
Optionally, in step S2, the mixture is subjected to thermal refining for 3-5 min, steam is introduced, and granulation is performed at 80-85 ℃, wherein steam is added according to a proportion of 3% -7% of steam consumption per ton of mixture, and the steam flow is 10-15 ton/h.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, utilize steam to the raw materials humidification that heats, can play the effect of bonding and disinfecting, reduce the hardness of feed pellet through control flow in setting for the within range, make feed pellet soft on the side, the palatability is good, improves the appetite and the feed intake of piglet, siphons away moisture simultaneously when feed pellet cools off, can prevent that the feed from taking place to milden and rot, improves the quality and the time of guaranteeing the quality of feed.
In summary, the present application has the following beneficial effects:
according to the application, the plant additive consisting of bacillus coagulans and the plant extract is added into the feed, so that the growth and the reproduction of beneficial bacteria such as lactic acid bacteria, saccharomycetes, acetic acid bacteria and bifidobacteria can be promoted by secreting various beneficial substances, the problem of piglet nutritional diarrhea is effectively solved, the use of antibiotics is reduced, and the growth speed of piglets is increased.
In addition, the plant extract and the fermented soybean meal can be used for promoting the growth and development of piglets by utilizing the nutritional components and beneficial strains in the plant extract and the fermented soybean meal through the synergistic effect of the plant extract and the fermented soybean meal.
Furthermore, the fermented soybean meal has high protein content and contains multipurpose useful bacteria, so that the fermented soybean meal is beneficial to maintaining intestinal microecological balance of piglets and promoting the growth and development of the piglets.
Detailed Description
The present application will be described in further detail with reference to examples.
The following are sources of raw materials in the preparation examples, examples and comparative examples:
lactobacillus, new geobio-technology ltd, cangzhou;
yeast, new geodetic biotechnology limited, cangzhou;
acetic acid bacteria, jiningyuyuan biotechnology ltd;
aspergillus niger, santai bio-technology limited, shandong;
bacillus coagulans, bioscience, baili, Shandong;
clostridium butyricum, produced by lilium henryi biotechnology;
premix, agriculture and animal husbandry technology ltd, Anhui Yiyuan;
puffed corn, Shijiazhuang Songzhuonong by-product marketing Co.
Preparation example
Preparation example 1
A method for preparing plant extract comprises the following steps:
mixing 30kg of radix Pulsatillae, 15kg of flos Lonicerae, 8kg of Glycyrrhrizae radix, 5kg of mume fructus and 10kg of cortex Phellodendri, pulverizing, and sieving to obtain plant powder with particle size of 75 μm or less;
placing plant powder into a sealed tank, introducing water vapor, and maintaining at 150 deg.C under 2MPa for 5 min;
placing the steamed and pressed plant powder into 75% ethanol solution for ultrasonic extraction, wherein the ultrasonic power is 90W, the temperature is 40 ℃, and the extraction time is 30 min;
and (4) after extraction, performing membrane filtration and spray drying to obtain the plant extract.
Preparation example 2
A method for preparing plant extract comprises the following steps:
mixing 35kg of radix Pulsatillae, 18kg of flos Lonicerae, 10kg of Glycyrrhrizae radix, 8kg of mume fructus and 12kg of cortex Phellodendri, pulverizing, and sieving to obtain plant powder with particle size of 75 μm or less;
placing plant powder into a sealed tank, introducing water vapor, and maintaining at 165 deg.C under 2.5MPa for 4 min;
placing the steamed and pressed plant powder into 75% ethanol solution for ultrasonic extraction, wherein the ultrasonic power is 90W, the temperature is 45 ℃, and the extraction time is 25 min;
and (4) after extraction, performing membrane filtration and spray drying to obtain the plant extract.
Preparation example 3
A method for preparing plant extract comprises the following steps:
mixing and crushing 40kg of Chinese pulsatilla root, 20kg of honeysuckle flower, 12kg of liquorice, 10kg of dark plum and 15kg of phellodendron, and sieving to obtain plant powder with the particle size of less than or equal to 75 microns;
placing plant powder into a sealed tank, introducing water vapor, and maintaining at 180 deg.C under 3MPa for 3 min;
placing the steamed and pressed plant powder into 75% ethanol solution for ultrasonic extraction, wherein the ultrasonic power is 100W, the temperature is 45 ℃, and the extraction time is 20 min;
and (4) after extraction, performing membrane filtration and spray drying to obtain the plant extract.
Preparation example 4
A preparation method of fermented soybean meal comprises the following steps:
mixing 1000kg of soybean meal, 350kg of water and 3kg of zymophyte powder, stacking in a fermentation tank, and fermenting for 36h at the temperature of 45 ℃;
drying the fermented mixture to obtain fermented soybean meal;
wherein each gram of zymophyte powder contains 5 x 107Lactic acid bacteria, 1 x 107Yeast, 6 x 106Acetic acid bacteria and 3 x 1010And (4) Aspergillus niger.
Preparation example 5
A preparation method of fermented soybean meal comprises the following steps:
mixing 1000kg of soybean meal, 400kg of water and 4kg of zymophyte powder, stacking in a fermentation tank, and fermenting at 46 ℃ for 32 hours;
drying the fermented mixture to obtain fermented soybean meal;
wherein each gram of zymophyte powder contains 8 x 107Lactic acid bacteria, 3 x 107Yeast, 8 x 106Acetic acid bacteria and 5 x 1010And (4) Aspergillus niger.
Preparation example 6
A preparation method of fermented soybean meal comprises the following steps:
mixing 1000kg of soybean meal, 450kg of water and 5kg of zymophyte powder, stacking in a fermentation tank, and fermenting for 30h at the temperature of 48 ℃;
drying the fermented mixture to obtain fermented soybean meal;
wherein each gram of zymocyte powder contains 1 x 108Lactic acid bacteria, 5X 107Yeast, 9 x 106Acetic acid bacteria and 6 x 1010And (4) Aspergillus niger.
Preparation example 7
Unlike preparation example 5, the fermented powder of preparation example 7 did not contain Aspergillus niger.
Preparation example 8
A method for preparing puffed corn comprises the following steps:
adding 1000kg of corn and 600kg of water into puffing equipment for quenching and tempering, wherein the quenching and tempering temperature is 90 ℃;
introducing 100kg of steam to contact and react with the corn for 20 s;
extruding the reacted corn into a die hole, and controlling the discharging temperature of the die hole to be 120 ℃.
Preparation example 9
A method for preparing puffed corn comprises the following steps:
adding 1000kg of corn and 700kg of water into puffing equipment for conditioning, wherein the conditioning temperature is 93 ℃;
introducing 120kg of steam to contact and react with the corn for 25 s;
extruding the reacted corn into a die hole, and controlling the discharging temperature of the die hole to be 130 ℃.
Preparation example 10
A method for preparing puffed corn comprises the following steps:
adding 1000kg of corn and 800kg of water into puffing equipment for quenching and tempering, wherein the quenching and tempering temperature is 95 ℃;
introducing 150kg of steam to contact and react with the corn for 30 s;
extruding the reacted corn into a die hole, and controlling the discharging temperature of the die hole to be 140 ℃.
Examples
Example 1
A plant feed for piglets comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 450kg of corn, 100kg of puffed corn obtained in preparation example 8, 100kg of soybean meal, 60kg of fermented soybean meal obtained in preparation example 4, 10kg of soybean oil, 20kg of premix, 2kg of Bacillus coagulans and 18kg of plant extract obtained in preparation example 1.
A preparation method of plant feed for piglets comprises the following steps:
s1, crushing corn, puffed corn, soybean meal, fermented soybean meal, soybean oil, premix, bacillus coagulans and plant extract according to a ratio, and mixing to obtain a mixture;
and S2, carrying out thermal refining on the mixture for 3min, introducing steam, and granulating at 80 ℃, wherein the steam is added according to the proportion that the steam consumption of each ton of the mixture is 3%, and the steam flow is 10 tons/h.
Example 2
A plant feed for piglets comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 480kg of corn, 130kg of puffed corn obtained in production example 9, 130kg of soybean meal, 80kg of fermented soybean meal obtained in production example 4, 12kg of soybean oil, 30kg of premix, 4kg of Bacillus coagulans and 26kg of plant extract obtained in production example 1.
A preparation method of plant feed for piglets comprises the following steps:
s1, crushing corn, puffed corn, soybean meal, fermented soybean meal, soybean oil, premix, bacillus coagulans and plant extract according to a ratio, and mixing to obtain a mixture;
and S2, carrying out thermal refining on the mixture for 4min, introducing steam, and granulating at 83 ℃, wherein the steam is added according to the proportion that the steam consumption of each ton of mixture is 5%, and the steam flow is 12 tons/h.
Example 3
A plant feed for piglets comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 500kg of corn, 150kg of puffed corn obtained in production example 9, 150kg of soybean meal, 100kg of fermented soybean meal obtained in production example 5, 15kg of soybean oil, 40kg of premix, 6kg of Bacillus coagulans and 34kg of plant extract obtained in production example 2.
The preparation method of the plant feed for the piglets is the same as that of the example 2.
Example 4
A plant feed for piglets comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 520kg of corn, 180kg of puffed corn obtained in preparation example 10, 170kg of soybean meal, 120kg of fermented soybean meal obtained in preparation example 5, 18kg of soybean oil, 50kg of premix, 9kg of Bacillus coagulans and 41kg of plant extract obtained in preparation example 3.
The preparation method of the plant feed for the piglets is the same as that of the example 2.
Example 5
A plant feed for piglets comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 550kg of corn, 200kg of puffed corn obtained in production example 10, 200kg of soybean meal, 150kg of fermented soybean meal obtained in production example 6, 20kg of soybean oil, 60kg of premix, 12kg of Bacillus coagulans, and 48kg of plant extract obtained in production example 3.
A preparation method of plant feed for piglets comprises the following steps:
s1, crushing corn, puffed corn, soybean meal, fermented soybean meal, soybean oil, premix, bacillus coagulans and plant extract according to a ratio, and mixing to obtain a mixture;
and S2, carrying out thermal refining on the mixture for 5min, introducing steam, and granulating at 85 ℃, wherein the steam is added according to the proportion that the steam consumption of each ton of the mixture is 7%, and the steam flow is 15 tons/h.
Example 6
A plant feed for piglets comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 480kg of corn, 130kg of puffed corn obtained in production example 9, 130kg of soybean meal, 80kg of fermented soybean meal obtained in production example 4, 12kg of soybean oil, 30kg of premix, 6kg of Bacillus coagulans, 6kg of Clostridium butyricum, and 28kg of plant extract obtained in production example 1.
A preparation method of plant feed for piglets comprises the following steps:
s1, crushing corn, puffed corn, soybean meal, fermented soybean meal, soybean oil, premix, bacillus coagulans, clostridium butyricum and plant extract according to a proportion, and mixing to obtain a mixture;
and S2, carrying out thermal refining on the mixture for 4min, introducing steam, and granulating at 83 ℃, wherein the steam is added according to the proportion that the steam consumption of each ton of mixture is 5%, and the steam flow is 12 tons/h.
Example 7
Unlike example 6, in example 7, the amount of Clostridium butyricum was 2kg and the amount of plant extract was 32 kg.
Example 8
Unlike example 6, in example 8, 3kg of clostridium butyricum and 31kg of plant extract were used.
Example 9
In contrast to example 3, the fermented soybean meal of preparation example 7 was used as the fermented soybean meal of example 9.
Example 10
Unlike example 3, the fermented soybean meal of example 10 was purchased from gagali (city harbor prevention) biotechnology limited.
Comparative example 1
Unlike example 3, the piglet feed of comparative example 1 did not have bacillus coagulans and plant extracts, and commercially available fermented soybean meal purchased from gajiali (city harbor) biotechnology limited was used.
Comparative example 2
Unlike example 3, the piglet feed of comparative example 2 did not have bacillus coagulans and plant extracts.
Comparative example 3
Unlike example 3, the piglet feed of comparative example 3 did not have bacillus coagulans.
Comparative example 4
Unlike example 3, the piglet feed of comparative example 4 had no plant extract.
Performance testing test method: 210 piglets of 24-34 days old are selected in the test, the average weight is 6.36kg, the piglets are divided into 15 groups, and 15 piglets are selected in each group; 15 groups of piglets were fed with the feeds of examples 1-10 and comparative examples 1-4, respectively;
the breeding mode is as follows: feeding piglets with the amount of 4-6% of average weight of piglets, feeding for 5 meals a day at 6 am, 10 am, 2 pm, 6 pm and 10 pm respectively for 20 days;
counting and measuring: and recording the initial weight, the final weight and the feed intake of each group of piglets, calculating the average weight gain, the average daily feed intake and the feed-meat ratio of each group of piglets after 20 days, wherein the feed-meat ratio is the average daily feed intake multiplied by 20/(average weight gain multiplied by 1000), and observing and counting the diarrhea rate of each group of piglets for 20 days, and the diarrhea rate is the total diarrhea frequency of each group of piglets for 20 days/(the number multiplied by 20 of the piglets).
TABLE 1 test data for examples 1-11 and comparative examples 1-5
| Test items | Average weight gain (kg) | Average daily food intake (g) | Diarrhea Rate (%) |
| Example 1 | 10.65 | 646 | 1.2 |
| Example 2 | 10.81 | 650 | 1.2 |
| Example 3 | 11.21 | 652 | 1.1 |
| Example 4 | 11.23 | 653 | 1.1 |
| Example 5 | 11.42 | 656 | 1.1 |
| Example 6 | 11.75 | 658 | 0.9 |
| Example 7 | 12.65 | 672 | 0.7 |
| Example 8 | 12.72 | 679 | 0.7 |
| Example 9 | 9.57 | 633 | 1.2 |
| Example 10 | 9.48 | 628 | 1.4 |
| Comparative example 1 | 8.06 | 575 | 5.2 |
| Comparative example 2 | 8.87 | 596 | 3.4 |
| Comparative example 3 | 9.36 | 611 | 1.8 |
| Comparative example 4 | 9.40 | 623 | 1.6 |
According to the example 3 and the comparative example 2 in the table 1, when the plant additive of the present application contains bacillus coagulans and plant extracts, the diarrhea rate of piglets can be reduced, and the growth and development of the piglets can be effectively promoted.
From example 3 and comparative examples 2-4, it can be known that the plant additive effectively reduces the diarrhea rate of piglets and the growth and development of piglets through the synergistic effect of bacillus coagulans and plant extracts.
From the example 3 and the comparative examples 1 to 4, compared with the fermented soybean meal sold in the market, the fermented soybean meal contains lactic acid bacteria, saccharomycetes and acetic acid bacteria, and the total viable count content reaches more than 200cfu/g, so that the fermented soybean meal is added into the feed, is beneficial to maintaining the intestinal microecological balance of piglets, reducing the diarrhea rate and effectively promoting the growth and development of the piglets.
The bacillus coagulans and the plant extract in the additive have a synergistic effect, and the absence of the bacillus coagulans or the pulsatilla chinensis in the plant extract cannot simultaneously reduce the diarrhea rate of pigs and improve the average weight gain and the average daily feed intake of piglets.
From examples 3 and 6 to 8, it can be seen that when the plant additive of the present application contains bacillus coagulans, clostridium butyricum and plant extract at the same time, the mass ratio of bacillus coagulans, clostridium butyricum and plant extract is (0.15 to 0.20): (0.08-0.12): 1, the diarrhea rate of piglets and the growth and development of piglets can be further reduced.
From example 3 and example 9, it can be seen that the fermented soybean meal adopted by the fermented soybean meal of the present application, if lacking aspergillus niger, affects the quality of the fermented soybean meal and reduces the number of beneficial bacteria in the fermented soybean meal, so that the diarrhea rate of piglets cannot be effectively reduced, and the average weight gain and average daily food consumption of piglets cannot be effectively improved.
From example 3 and example 10, it can be seen that the plant extract and the self-made fermented soybean meal of the present application have a synergistic effect, and the nutritional components and beneficial bacteria in the plant extract and the fermented soybean meal are utilized to promote the growth and development of piglets.
The specific embodiments are merely illustrative of the present application and are not restrictive of the present application, and those skilled in the art can make modifications of the embodiments as required without any inventive contribution thereto after reading the present specification, but only protected by the patent laws within the scope of the claims of the present application.
Claims (10)
1. The plant feed for the piglets is characterized by comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight:
45-55 parts of corn;
10-20 parts of puffed corn;
10-20 parts of soybean meal;
6-15 parts of fermented soybean meal;
1-2 parts of soybean oil;
2-6 parts of premix;
2-6 parts of a plant additive;
the plant additive comprises bacillus coagulans and a plant extract, wherein the mass ratio of the bacillus coagulans to the plant extract is (0.10-0.25): 1;
the plant extract is prepared from radix Pulsatillae, flos Lonicerae, Glycyrrhrizae radix, radix astragali and cortex Phellodendri.
2. The piglet plant feed of claim 1, wherein the plant extract is prepared by the following method:
mixing, crushing and sieving 30-40 parts by weight of Chinese pulsatilla root, 15-20 parts by weight of honeysuckle, 8-12 parts by weight of liquorice, 5-10 parts by weight of dark plum and 10-15 parts by weight of golden cypress to obtain plant powder with the particle size of less than or equal to 75 microns;
putting the plant powder into a sealed tank, introducing water vapor, and keeping the pressure of 2-3 MPa and the temperature of 150-180 ℃ for 3-5 min;
placing the autoclaved plant powder into 75% ethanol solution for ultrasonic extraction, wherein the ultrasonic power is 90-100W, the temperature is 40-45 ℃, and the extraction time is 20-30 min;
and (4) after extraction, performing membrane filtration and spray drying to obtain the plant extract.
3. The piglet plant feed according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the plant additive consists of bacillus coagulans, clostridium butyricum and a plant extract, and the mass ratio of the bacillus coagulans, the clostridium butyricum and the plant extract is (0.1-0.25): (0.05-0.15): 1.
4. the piglet plant feed according to claim 3, wherein the mass ratio of the Bacillus coagulans, the Clostridium butyricum and the plant extract is (0.15-0.20): (0.08-0.12): 1, the mass of the bacillus coagulans is greater than the mass of the clostridium butyricum.
5. The plant feed for piglets according to claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of the soybean meal to the fermented soybean meal is (1.5-1.7): 1, the fermented soybean meal contains lactic acid bacteria, saccharomycetes and acetic acid bacteria, and the content of total viable bacteria reaches more than 200 cfu/g.
6. The plant feed for piglets according to claim 5, wherein the fermented soybean meal is prepared by the following steps:
mixing soybean meal, water and zymophyte powder according to the weight ratio of 1000: (350-450): (3-5) uniformly mixing in a weight ratio to obtain a mixture, wherein the zymocyte powder contains lactic acid bacteria, saccharomycetes, acetic acid bacteria and aspergillus niger;
stacking the mixture in a fermentation tank, and fermenting for 30-36 hours at the temperature of 45-48 ℃;
and drying the fermented mixture to obtain the fermented soybean meal.
7. The plant feed for piglets according to claim 6, wherein said fermented powder comprises 5 x 107~1*108Lactic acid bacteria 1 x 10/g7~5*107Yeast strain/g, 6 x 106~9*106Acetic acid bacteria and 3 x 10 per gram10~6*1010Per g of Aspergillus niger.
8. The plant feed for piglets, according to any one of claims 5 to 7, characterized in that the fermented soybean meal has a crude protein content of 63.5% to 65.7%, a small peptide content of 20.3% to 22.8%, and a soybean trypsin inhibitor content of 1% or less.
9. A method for preparing a plant feed for piglets, which is used for preparing the plant feed for piglets according to any one of claims 1 to 8, and which comprises the following steps:
s1, crushing and mixing the corn, the puffed corn, the soybean meal, the fermented soybean meal, the soybean oil, the premix and the plant additive according to the proportion to obtain a mixture;
and S2, granulating, cooling and screening the mixture to obtain a finished product.
10. The preparation method of the plant feed for the piglets as claimed in claim 9, wherein in step S2, the mixture is subjected to conditioning for 3-5 min, steam is introduced, and granulation is performed at 80-85 ℃, wherein the steam is added according to the proportion of 3-7% of the steam consumption per ton of the mixture, and the steam flow rate is 10-15 tons/h.
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| CN103141702A (en) * | 2013-03-29 | 2013-06-12 | 云南双胞胎饲料有限公司 | Chinese herb extract feed additive capable of effectively preventing and treating porcine epizootic diarrhea |
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