CN114271223A - Breeding method of hybrid sciaenops ocellatus - Google Patents
Breeding method of hybrid sciaenops ocellatus Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
- Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production
Abstract
The invention discloses a breeding method of hybrid golden-rimmed sunfish, belongs to the technical field of sunfish breeding, and aims to solve the problems of the sunfish parents close to each other, slow growth speed, small number of spawning, high deformity rate, low survival rate, weak disease resistance, and insufficient delicious and tender meat quality bred by the existing sunfish breeding method; the method comprises the steps of strictly selecting strong and disease-free parent fishes, strictly managing and disinfecting the water quality of a pond, nesting the parent fishes at one corner of a spawning pond, covering a shading shed above the spawning pond, strictly controlling the water temperature and stocking density of the pond, uniformly sprinkling feed every day, keeping the water quality good, adopting a method of manually injecting quantitative chorionic gonadotropin for induced spawning, and selecting pond substrate of black loam during breeding, so that the growth speed of the hybrid golden-edge sunfish can be increased, and the bred hybrid golden-edge sunfish has the advantages of large spawning number, high survival rate, strong disease resistance, delicious and tender meat and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of hybrid sciaenops ocellatus breeding, in particular to a hybrid sciaenops ocellatus breeding method.
Background
The breeding, rearing and stocking of fish, known as fish farming, also known as aquaculture, fish farming and fish farming, plays a very important role in maintaining the supply of food, fishing and enlarging the fishing area. By fish farming, many species of fish are successfully introduced into new areas. One type of fish farming is the farming of goldfish and tropical fish as occupational and hobby, others include the farming of cyprinus carpio as bait and the farming of other fish in private waters. Many parts of the world are cultivated with large quantities of fish and are mostly sold commercially. However, there are only a few species that can be successfully used for this purpose, including catfish, herring, carp and salmon.
In fish culture, the morphological characteristics of the hybrid sunfish with golden-edge are as follows: the health is strong, the head is small and the back is high, the meat is thick, the back is arched, the abdomen is straight, the side surface is similar to an ellipse, the edge of the gill cover bone is protruded, a blue-black soft film which is similar to an ear is grown, the back and the edge are olive-colored to blue-green, the body side is usually provided with a plurality of dark grains, the lower part of the body is blue-green, the edge of the head is provided with rainbow blue and green spots, the soft film is black-white or blue-green, and the edge of the fin and the tail part are golden yellow; the edible property is as follows: the fry with 2.5-3cm body length can eat zooplankton such as rotifer, cladocera, copepods, etc. when the body length is 5-6cm, it can also eat water, terrestrial insects, crayfish, organic debris, etc., the hybrid sunset fish in the adult stage mainly takes aquatic plants, large zooplankton, benthos and small fish and shrimp, and under the condition of artificial cultivation, it is favorable to eat fish pulp, silkworm chrysalis powder, bran, various cakes, duckweed, bulk and granular compound feed, attached algae, various animal offal impurities and small fish and shrimp. By adopting complete formula feed containing more than 40% of protein, the hybrid golden-rimmed sunfish can obtain the maximum growth rate; the ecological habits are as follows: the fish belongs to wide-temperature and wide-salt fishes, can grow in a brackish water environment with the temperature of 1-40 ℃ and the pH value of 1PPm, has the optimum growth temperature of 26-31 ℃, the pH range of 6-9.5 and the optimum pH value of 7-8, can grow in an environment with oxygen of more than 1mg/L, and can grow well in most ponds, lakes, reservoirs and rivers in China; growth rate: under the condition of artificial cultivation, the weight of the fry can reach 200-; the nutritional value is as follows: 18.8 percent of crude protein and 11.5 percent of crude fat, the content of 17 amino acids in dry matters is as high as 17.68 percent, the content of amino acids necessary for human bodies is also high, and the coarse-cereal-based dried fish is rich in microelements such as calcium, iron, phosphorus, sodium, potassium and the like, can be listed as nourishing food like crucian, and is particularly suitable for women and children.
Generally, the hybrid golden-rimmed sunfish has delicious and tender meat, strong disease resistance, high growth speed, high catching rate and temporary culture resistance, can be caught and transported for a long distance at a high temperature period, and replaces other types of sunfish, but the sunfish parents cultured by the existing sunfish breeding method have the defects of low growth speed, high deformity rate, small spawning number, low survival rate, weak disease resistance, and insufficient delicious and tender meat, so that the defects need to be improved by the invention of the hybrid golden-rimmed sunfish breeding method.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the problems in the prior art, the invention discloses a method for breeding hybrid golden-rimmed sunfish, which adopts the technical scheme that the method comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: the parent fish is selected to be used as the parent fish for artificial propagation, mainly from autotrophic adult fish of 1 year old, and is required to be strong in constitution, disease-free and injury-free, and the specification is as follows: the tail weight of the bluegill sunfish is more than 250 g, and the tail weight of the greengill sunfish is 150-200 g;
step two: parent fish cultivation, wherein the cultivation pond can be large or small, so that the pond is good in 667-1500 square meters, a small pond with 100-300 square meters can also be used, the stocking density is 1.5-2 fish per square meter of water surface, the bluegill sunfish and the greengill sunfish are cultivated in separate ponds, after the water temperature reaches 20 ℃ in 2 months per year, intensive cultivation is carried out, nutritional feeds such as water earthworms or ice fresh fish crushed aggregates are fed, meanwhile, water quality management is well carried out, and water flushing is carried out once every 10 days so as to stimulate the parent fish to grow mature;
step three: artificial propagation, including selection of mature parent fish and spawning and hatching, selection of mature parent fish: selecting mature green gill sunfish with good body shape, plump abdomen and red anus as female fish, and selecting mature blue gill sunfish with good body shape as male fish; the spawning and hatching comprises natural spawning and hatching and artificial spawning and hatching, and the natural spawning and hatching: selecting the parent fish according to the male-female ratio of 2: 1 or 3: 1, placing the fish in a spawning pond with the area of 7-10 square meters and the water depth of 40-50 cm, laying small sand stones with the area of 0.5-1 square meter and the thickness of 3-5 cm on one corner of the spawning pond to nest parent fish, covering a shading shed above the spawning pond, frequently observing the activity condition of the fish and checking whether the parent fish spawns, and timely moving the parent fish out of the spawning pond after the parent fish spawns to ensure the synchronous growth of fry; artificial spawning induction and hatching: after the parent fish is selected, a one-time chorionic gonadotropin injection method is adopted to induce spawning, the injection dosage is 1000-1500 international units per kilogram of fish, the injected parent fish is placed in a spawning pond with the same specification and structure as a natural spawning and hatching method, the temperature of the spawning pond is 25 ℃, the parent fish starts to spawn and discharge sperms after 10-24 hours, the parent fish is removed after spawning for 24 hours, an inflation method is adopted to hatch, and fertilized eggs can hatch fish fries after 36-50 hours when the temperature of the water is 25-30 ℃;
step four: and (3) seedling cultivation, which comprises the steps of seedling pond preparation, stocking density and feeding management, and seedling pond preparation: the method is characterized in that the fry breeding is preferably carried out in a 667-1000 square meter pond, the pond needs to be strictly cleaned and disinfected 10 days before the fry is placed in the pond, organic fertilizer is applied 5 days after disinfection to breed water, the hybrid golden-edge sun fry is very fine when just hatched and is only 0.4 cm, and the fry is placed in the pond after the water quality is bred, so that enough bait can be guaranteed after the fry is placed in the pond, and the fry survival rate is improved; stocking density: 2-3 days after the fry is hatched, timely stocking and putting the fry into a pond after yolk sacs disappear, wherein stocking density is determined according to pond conditions, and generally 50-60 thousands of fries are put in each 667 square meters; feeding management: feeding the fries 5-7 days after the fries are put into the pond, wherein the feed mainly comprises peanut bran, soybean milk and the like, the fries are uniformly sprinkled in the whole pond once a day to keep good water quality, and the fries can grow into 3 cm-sized fries after being cultivated for 20-25 days;
step five: pond culture, including pond owner supports and pond polyculture, pond owner supports: the area of the pond is 1-6 mu, the suitable water depth is 2-2.5 m, the black loam is the best for the bottom material of the pond, the fish breeding is generally selected to be 5-9 months per year, the specification is 1-8 cm, 20000 fish breeding are performed per mu, the number of the bred sunshaden fish can be increased to 30000 fish under good conditions, and the size of the hybrid sunshaden fish with golden-edge can reach 200-250 g after 4-5 months of breeding; pool polyculture: the hybrid sunfish can obtain better cultivation complementary effect when being polycultured in ponds mainly used for cultivating flowers, silver carps, grass carps and the like, the hybrid golden-rimmed sunfish cannot be polycultured or slightly polycultured in the ponds mainly used for cultivating carps, crucian carps and megalobrama amblycephala, and 300-500 fish seeds with the stocking density of 6-8 cm are generally stocked per mu.
As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the artificial spawning and hatching in step three includes artificial estrus induction and artificial spawning induction.
As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the artificial estrus inducing process comprises: the female fish is injected with 500 international units/kg of chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) and 1mg/kg of pituitary, the injection dosage of the male fish is halved, and the effect is 24 hours.
As a preferred technical scheme of the present invention, the artificial induced spawning treatment comprises: injecting 1000 international units/kg of chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) and 2mg/kg of pituitary by female fish, halving the injection dosage of male fish, carrying out hormone injection treatment for 24-26 hours, starting ovulation and fertilization on parent fish, finishing spawning after 6-10 hours, and uniformly arranging spawned grains on a mesh.
According to a preferable technical scheme of the invention, the plant feed which can be fed in the pond mainly cultured in the fifth step comprises soybeans, bean cakes, bean dregs, peanut cakes, rapeseed cakes and rice bran.
As a preferable technical scheme of the invention, the green feed which can be fed in the five-step pond main culture comprises tender leaves of various terrestrial plants with low cellulose content and aquatic duckweeds.
As a preferred technical scheme of the invention, the animal feed which can be fed in the pond mainly cultured in the fifth step comprises fish meal, silkworm chrysalis, blood meal, meat of various aquatic corbicula fluminea, fish, shrimp, lower impurities of animals such as cattle and the like, various aquatic earthworms and insect larvae.
As a preferable technical scheme of the invention, the artificial compound feed which can be fed in the main culture of the pond in the fifth step is prepared by mixing fish meal, rapeseed cakes, cotton cake powder, peanut cake powder, wheat bran, minerals and vitamins, and the protein content is about 40%.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention strictly selects strong, disease-free and non-injurious parent fishes, strictly manages and disinfects the water quality of the pond, nests the parent fishes at one corner of the spawning pond, covers a shading shed above the spawning pond, strictly controls the water temperature and stocking density of the pond, uniformly sprinkles feed every day, keeps good water quality, adopts a method of manually injecting quantitative chorionic gonadotropin for induced spawning, and selects pond substrate of black loam during breeding, thereby accelerating the growth speed of the hybrid golden cuffle, reducing the abnormal rate, and leading the bred hybrid golden cuffle to have the advantages of large spawning number, high survival rate, strong disease resistance, delicious and tender meat and the like.
Detailed Description
Example 1
The invention discloses a method for breeding hybrid golden-rimmed sunfish, which adopts the technical scheme that the method comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: selecting the parent fish, namely selecting 1-year-old adult fish which is strong in physique, disease-free and injury-free and is autotrophic as the parent fish, wherein the tail weight of the bluegill sunfish is more than 250 g, and the tail weight of the greengill sunfish is 150 g;
step two: parent fish cultivation, namely selecting a 667 square meter pond as a cultivation pond, or selecting a 100 square meter small pond, stocking 1.5 fish per square meter of water surface, cultivating the bluegill sunfish and the greengill sunfish separately, performing intensive cultivation after the water temperature reaches 20 ℃ in 2 months every year, feeding nutrition feeds such as water earthworms or ice fresh fish crushed aggregates and the like, and simultaneously well managing the water quality, and flushing water once every 10 days to stimulate the parent fish to grow mature;
step three: artificial propagation, including selection of mature parent fish and spawning and hatching, selection of mature parent fish: selecting mature green gill sunfish with good body shape, plump abdomen and red anus as female fish, and selecting mature blue gill sunfish with good body shape as male fish; the spawning and hatching comprises natural spawning and hatching and artificial spawning and hatching, and the natural spawning and hatching: selecting the parent fish according to the male-female ratio of 2: 1 or 3: 1, placing the fish in a spawning pond with the area of 7 square meters and the water depth of 40 centimeters, laying small sand stones with the area of 0.5 square meter and the thickness of 3 centimeters on one corner of the spawning pond to nest parent fish, covering a shading shed above the spawning pond, frequently observing the activity condition of the fish and checking whether the parent fish spawns, and timely moving the parent fish out of the spawning pond after the parent fish spawns to ensure the synchronous growth of fry; artificial spawning induction and hatching: after the parent fish is selected, the method of injecting chorionic gonadotropin once is adopted to induce spawning, the injection dosage is 1000 international units per kilogram of fish, the injected parent fish is placed in a spawning pond with the same specification and structure as those of a natural spawning and hatching method, the water temperature of the spawning pond is 25 ℃, the parent fish starts spawning and spermiation after 10 hours, the parent fish is removed after spawning for 24 hours, the incubation is carried out by adopting an inflation method, and fertilized eggs can hatch fish fries after 36 hours when the water temperature is 25 ℃;
step four: and (3) seedling cultivation, which comprises the steps of seedling pond preparation, stocking density and feeding management, and seedling pond preparation: the method is characterized in that fry breeding is carried out in a 667 square meter pond, the pond needs to be strictly cleaned and disinfected 10 days before the fry are put into the pond, organic fertilizer is applied 5 days after disinfection to breed water quality, the hybrid golden-edge solar fry is very fine when just hatched and is only 0.4 cm, and the fry are put into the pond after the water quality is bred, so that enough bait can be guaranteed after the fry are put into the pond, and the fry survival rate is improved; stocking density: 2 days after the fry is hatched, breeding 50 thousands of fries per 667 square meters in time and putting into a pond after yolk sacs disappear; feeding management: feeding the fries 5 days after the fries are put into the pond, wherein the feed mainly comprises peanut bran, soybean milk and the like, the fries are uniformly sprayed in the whole pond once a day to keep good water quality, and the fries can grow into 3 cm-sized fries after being cultivated for 20 days;
step five: pond culture, including pond owner supports and pond polyculture, pond owner supports: 1 mu of area of the pond is selected, the water depth is 2 meters, black loam is selected as the bottom material of the pond, the stocking of fish seeds is generally selected to be 5 months per year, the specification is 1 cm, 20000 tails are stocked per mu, the condition can be improved to 30000 tails, and the specification of the hybrid golden-edged sunfish can reach 200 g after 4 months of cultivation; pool polyculture: the hybrid sunfish can obtain better cultivation complementary effect when being polycultured in ponds mainly used for cultivating flowers, silver carps, grass carps and the like, the hybrid golden-rimmed sunfish cannot be polycultured or slightly polycultured in the ponds mainly used for cultivating carps, crucian carps and megalobrama amblycephala, and 300 fish seeds with the stocking density of generally 6 centimeters per mu are stocked.
As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the artificial spawning and hatching in step three includes artificial estrus induction and artificial spawning induction.
As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the artificial estrus inducing process comprises: the female fish is injected with 500 international units/kg of chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) and 1mg/kg of pituitary, the injection dosage of the male fish is halved, and the effect is 24 hours.
As a preferred technical scheme of the present invention, the artificial induced spawning treatment comprises: the female fish is injected with 1000 international units/kg of chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) and 2mg/kg of pituitary, the injection dosage of the male fish is reduced by half, the parent fish starts ovulation and fertilization 24 hours after the treatment of the injected hormone, and spawning is finished after 6 hours, and spawned grains are evenly arranged on a mesh.
According to a preferable technical scheme of the invention, the plant feed which can be fed in the pond mainly cultured in the fifth step comprises soybeans, bean cakes, bean dregs, peanut cakes, rapeseed cakes and rice bran.
As a preferable technical scheme of the invention, the green feed which can be fed in the five-step pond main culture comprises tender leaves of various terrestrial plants with low cellulose content and aquatic duckweeds.
As a preferred technical scheme of the invention, the animal feed which can be fed in the pond mainly cultured in the fifth step comprises fish meal, silkworm chrysalis, blood meal, meat of various aquatic corbicula fluminea, fish, shrimp, lower impurities of animals such as cattle and the like, various aquatic earthworms and insect larvae.
As a preferable technical scheme of the invention, the artificial compound feed which can be fed in the main culture of the pond in the fifth step is prepared by mixing fish meal, rapeseed cakes, cotton cake powder, peanut cake powder, wheat bran, minerals and vitamins, and the protein content is about 40%.
Example 2
The present embodiment differs from embodiment 1 in that it includes the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: selecting the parent fish, namely selecting 1-year-old adult fish which is strong in physique, disease-free and injury-free and is autotrophic as the parent fish, wherein the tail weight of the bluegill sunfish is more than 250 g, and the tail weight of the greengill sunfish is 175 g;
step two: parent fish cultivation, namely selecting a pond with the length of 1083 square meters as a cultivation pond, or selecting a small pond with the length of 200 square meters, putting 1.75 fish on each square meter of water surface, cultivating the bluegill sunfish and the greengill sunfish separately, carrying out intensive cultivation after the water temperature reaches 20 ℃ in 2 months per year, feeding nutrition feeds such as water earthworms or ice fresh fish crushed aggregates and the like, and meanwhile well managing the water quality, and flushing water once every 10 days to stimulate the parent fish to grow and mature;
step three: artificial propagation, including selection of mature parent fish and spawning and hatching, selection of mature parent fish: selecting mature green gill sunfish with good body shape, plump abdomen and red anus as female fish, and selecting mature blue gill sunfish with good body shape as male fish; the spawning and hatching comprises natural spawning and hatching and artificial spawning and hatching, and the natural spawning and hatching: selecting the parent fish according to the male-female ratio of 2: 1 or 3: 1, placing the parent fish in a spawning pond with the area of 8.5 square meters and the water depth of 45 centimeters, laying small sand stones with the area of 0.75 square meters and the thickness of 4 centimeters on one corner of the spawning pond to nest the parent fish, covering a shading shed above the spawning pond, frequently observing the activity condition of the fish and checking whether the parent fish spawns, and timely moving the parent fish out of the spawning pond after the parent fish spawns to ensure the synchronous growth of fry; artificial spawning induction and hatching: after the parent fish is selected, the method of injecting chorionic gonadotropin once is adopted to induce spawning, the injection dosage is 1250 international units per kilogram of fish, the injected parent fish is placed in a spawning pond with the same specification and structure as a natural spawning and hatching method, the water temperature of the spawning pond is 25 ℃, the parent fish starts spawning and spermiation after 17 hours, the parent fish is removed after spawning for 24 hours, the parent fish is hatched by adopting an inflation method, and fertilized eggs can hatch fish fries after 43 hours when the water temperature is 27.5 ℃;
step four: and (3) seedling cultivation, which comprises the steps of seedling pond preparation, stocking density and feeding management, and seedling pond preparation: the fry breeding is carried out in a 833 square meter pond, the pond needs to be strictly cleaned and disinfected 10 days before the fry is placed in the pond, organic fertilizer is applied 5 days after disinfection to breed water quality, the hybrid golden-edged sun fry is very fine when just hatched and is only 0.4 cm, and the fry is placed in the pond after the water quality is bred, so that enough bait can be ensured after the fry is placed in the pond, and the fry survival rate is improved; stocking density: 2.5 days after the fry is hatched, breeding 55 ten thousand fries per 667 square meters in time and putting into a pond after the yolk sacs disappear; feeding management: feeding the fries 6 days after the fries are put into the pond, wherein the feed mainly comprises peanut bran, soybean milk and the like, the fries are uniformly sprayed in the whole pond once a day to keep good water quality, and the fries can grow into 3 cm-sized fries after being cultivated for 22.5 days;
step five: pond culture, including pond owner supports and pond polyculture, pond owner supports: the area of the pond is 3.5 mu, the water depth is 2.25 m, black loam is selected as the bottom material of the pond, the stocking of fish seeds is generally 7 months per year, the specification is better than 4.5 cm, 20000 fish stocks are stocked per mu, the number of fish stocks can be increased to 30000 under good conditions, and the specification of the hybrid sunshaden fish with golden-edged buds can reach 225 g after 4.5 months of cultivation; pool polyculture: the hybrid sunfish can obtain better cultivation complementary effect when being polycultured in ponds mainly used for cultivating flowers, silver carps, grass carps and the like, the hybrid golden-rimmed sunfish cannot be polycultured or slightly polycultured in the ponds mainly used for cultivating carps, crucian carps and megalobrama amblycephala, and 400 fish seeds with the stocking density of 7 cm per mu are generally stocked.
As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the artificial spawning and hatching in step three includes artificial estrus induction and artificial spawning induction.
As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the artificial estrus inducing process comprises: the female fish is injected with 500 international units/kg of chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) and 1mg/kg of pituitary, the injection dosage of the male fish is halved, and the effect is 24 hours.
As a preferred technical scheme of the present invention, the artificial induced spawning treatment comprises: the female fish is injected with 1000 international units/kg of chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) and 2mg/kg of pituitary, the injection dosage of the male fish is halved, the parent fish starts ovulation and fertilization 25 hours after the hormone injection treatment, the spawning is finished after 8 hours, and the spawned grains are evenly arranged on the mesh.
According to a preferable technical scheme of the invention, the plant feed which can be fed in the pond mainly cultured in the fifth step comprises soybeans, bean cakes, bean dregs, peanut cakes, rapeseed cakes and rice bran.
As a preferable technical scheme of the invention, the green feed which can be fed in the five-step pond main culture comprises tender leaves of various terrestrial plants with low cellulose content and aquatic duckweeds.
As a preferred technical scheme of the invention, the animal feed which can be fed in the pond mainly cultured in the fifth step comprises fish meal, silkworm chrysalis, blood meal, meat of various aquatic corbicula fluminea, fish, shrimp, lower impurities of animals such as cattle and the like, various aquatic earthworms and insect larvae.
As a preferable technical scheme of the invention, the artificial compound feed which can be fed in the main culture of the pond in the fifth step is prepared by mixing fish meal, rapeseed cakes, cotton cake powder, peanut cake powder, wheat bran, minerals and vitamins, and the protein content is about 40%.
Example 3
The present embodiment differs from embodiment 1 in that it includes the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: selecting the parent fish, namely selecting 1-year-old adult fish which is strong in physique, disease-free and injury-free and is autotrophic as the parent fish, wherein the tail weight of the bluegill sunfish is more than 250 g, and the tail weight of the greengill sunfish is 200 g;
step two: culturing parent fishes, namely selecting a pond with 1500 square meters as a culturing pond, or selecting a small pond with 300 square meters, stocking 2 tails per square meter of water surface, culturing the bluegill sunfish and the greengill sunfish separately in the pond, performing intensive culturing after the water temperature reaches 20 ℃ in 2 last ten days every year, feeding nutritional feeds such as water earthworms or crushed ice fresh fish, and the like, and simultaneously well managing the water quality, flushing water once every 10 days to stimulate the mature development of the parent fishes;
step three: artificial propagation, including selection of mature parent fish and spawning and hatching, selection of mature parent fish: selecting mature green gill sunfish with good body shape, plump abdomen and red anus as female fish, and selecting mature blue gill sunfish with good body shape as male fish; the spawning and hatching comprises natural spawning and hatching and artificial spawning and hatching, and the natural spawning and hatching: selecting the parent fish according to the male-female ratio of 2: 1 or 3: 1, placing the parent fish in a spawning pond with the area of 10 square meters and the water depth of 50 centimeters, laying small sand stones with the area of 1 square meter and the thickness of 5 centimeters on one corner of the spawning pond to nest the parent fish, covering a shading shed above the spawning pond, frequently observing the activity condition of the fish and checking whether the parent fish spawns, and timely moving the parent fish out of the spawning pond after the parent fish spawns to ensure the synchronous growth of fry; artificial spawning induction and hatching: after the parent fish is selected, spawning is induced by adopting a method of injecting chorionic gonadotropin once, the injection dosage is 1500 international units per kilogram of fish, the injected parent fish is placed in a spawning pond with the same specification and structure as those of a natural spawning and hatching method, the water temperature of the spawning pond is 25 ℃, the parent fish starts to spawn and discharge sperms after 24 hours, the parent fish is removed after spawning for 24 hours, an inflation method is adopted for hatching, and when the water temperature is 30 ℃, fertilized eggs can hatch fish fries after 50 hours;
step four: and (3) seedling cultivation, which comprises the steps of seedling pond preparation, stocking density and feeding management, and seedling pond preparation: the fry breeding is preferably carried out in a pond with the square meter of 1000, the pond needs to be strictly cleaned and disinfected 10 days before the fry is placed in the pond, organic fertilizer is applied 5 days after disinfection to breed water quality, the hybrid golden-edge solar fry is very fine when just hatched and is only 0.4 cm, and the fry is placed in the pond after the water quality is cultured, so that enough bait can be ensured after the fry is placed in the pond, and the fry survival rate is improved; stocking density: 3 days after the fry is hatched, breeding 60 thousands of fries per 667 square meters in time and putting into a pond after yolk sacs disappear; feeding management: feeding the fries 7 days after the fries are put into the pond, wherein the feed mainly comprises peanut bran, soybean milk and the like, the fries are uniformly sprayed in the whole pond once a day to keep good water quality, and the fries can grow into 3 cm-sized fries after being cultivated for 25 days;
step five: pond culture, including pond owner supports and pond polyculture, pond owner supports: the area of the pond is 6 mu, the water depth is 2.5 m, black loam is selected as the bottom material of the pond, the stocking of fish seeds is generally 9 months per year, the specification is better than 8 cm, 20000 tails are stocked per mu, the condition can be improved to 30000 tails, and the specification of the hybrid golden-edged sunfish can reach 250 g after 5 months of cultivation; pool polyculture: the hybrid sunfish can obtain better cultivation complementary effect when being polycultured in ponds mainly used for cultivating flowers, silver carps, grass carps and the like, and the hybrid golden-rimmed sunfish cannot be polycultured or slightly polycultured in the ponds mainly used for cultivating carps, crucian carps and megalobrama amblycephala, and 500 fish seeds with the stocking density of generally 8 centimeters per mu are stocked.
As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the artificial spawning and hatching in step three includes artificial estrus induction and artificial spawning induction.
As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the artificial estrus inducing process comprises: the female fish is injected with 500 international units/kg of chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) and 1mg/kg of pituitary, the injection dosage of the male fish is halved, and the effect is 24 hours.
As a preferred technical scheme of the present invention, the artificial induced spawning treatment comprises: the female fish is injected with 1000 international units/kg of chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) and 2mg/kg of pituitary, the injection dosage of the male fish is halved, the parent fish starts ovulation and fertilization after being treated by the injected hormone for 26 hours, and the spawning is finished after 10 hours, and the spawned grains are evenly arranged on the mesh cloth.
According to a preferable technical scheme of the invention, the plant feed which can be fed in the pond mainly cultured in the fifth step comprises soybeans, bean cakes, bean dregs, peanut cakes, rapeseed cakes and rice bran.
As a preferable technical scheme of the invention, the green feed which can be fed in the five-step pond main culture comprises tender leaves of various terrestrial plants with low cellulose content and aquatic duckweeds.
As a preferred technical scheme of the invention, the animal feed which can be fed in the pond mainly cultured in the fifth step comprises fish meal, silkworm chrysalis, blood meal, meat of various aquatic corbicula fluminea, fish, shrimp, lower impurities of animals such as cattle and the like, various aquatic earthworms and insect larvae.
As a preferable technical scheme of the invention, the artificial compound feed which can be fed in the main culture of the pond in the fifth step is prepared by mixing fish meal, rapeseed cakes, cotton cake powder, peanut cake powder, wheat bran, minerals and vitamins, and the protein content is about 40%.
Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the specific embodiments, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and various changes and modifications without inventive changes may be made within the knowledge of those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. The method for breeding the hybrid sunset carps with golden edges is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: the parent fish is selected to be used as the parent fish for artificial propagation, mainly from autotrophic adult fish of 1 year old, and is required to be strong in constitution, disease-free and injury-free, and the specification is as follows: the tail weight of the bluegill sunfish is more than 250 g, and the tail weight of the greengill sunfish is 150-200 g;
step two: parent fish cultivation, wherein the cultivation pond can be large or small, so that the pond is good in 667-1500 square meters, a small pond with 100-300 square meters can also be used, the stocking density is 1.5-2 fish per square meter of water surface, the bluegill sunfish and the greengill sunfish are cultivated in separate ponds, after the water temperature reaches 20 ℃ in 2 months per year, intensive cultivation is carried out, nutritional feeds such as water earthworms or ice fresh fish crushed aggregates are fed, meanwhile, water quality management is well carried out, and water flushing is carried out once every 10 days so as to stimulate the parent fish to grow mature;
step three: artificial propagation, including selection of mature parent fish and spawning and hatching, selection of mature parent fish: selecting mature green gill sunfish with good body shape, plump abdomen and red anus as female fish, and selecting mature blue gill sunfish with good body shape as male fish; the spawning and hatching comprises natural spawning and hatching and artificial spawning and hatching, and the natural spawning and hatching: selecting the parent fish according to the male-female ratio of 2: 1 or 3: 1, placing the fish in a spawning pond with the area of 7-10 square meters and the water depth of 40-50 cm, laying small sand stones with the area of 0.5-1 square meter and the thickness of 3-5 cm on one corner of the spawning pond to nest parent fish, covering a shading shed above the spawning pond, frequently observing the activity condition of the fish and checking whether the parent fish spawns, and timely moving the parent fish out of the spawning pond after the parent fish spawns to ensure the synchronous growth of fry; artificial spawning induction and hatching: after the parent fish is selected, a one-time chorionic gonadotropin injection method is adopted to induce spawning, the injection dosage is 1000-1500 international units per kilogram of fish, the injected parent fish is placed in a spawning pond with the same specification and structure as a natural spawning and hatching method, the temperature of the spawning pond is 25 ℃, the parent fish starts to spawn and discharge sperms after 10-24 hours, the parent fish is removed after spawning for 24 hours, an inflation method is adopted to hatch, and fertilized eggs can hatch fish fries after 36-50 hours when the temperature of the water is 25-30 ℃;
step four: and (3) seedling cultivation, which comprises the steps of seedling pond preparation, stocking density and feeding management, and seedling pond preparation: the method is characterized in that the fry breeding is preferably carried out in a 667-1000 square meter pond, the pond needs to be strictly cleaned and disinfected 10 days before the fry is placed in the pond, organic fertilizer is applied 5 days after disinfection to breed water, the hybrid golden-edge sun fry is very fine when just hatched and is only 0.4 cm, and the fry is placed in the pond after the water quality is bred, so that enough bait can be guaranteed after the fry is placed in the pond, and the fry survival rate is improved; stocking density: 2-3 days after the fry is hatched, timely stocking and putting the fry into a pond after yolk sacs disappear, wherein stocking density is determined according to pond conditions, and generally 50-60 thousands of fries are put in each 667 square meters; feeding management: feeding the fries 5-7 days after the fries are put into the pond, wherein the feed mainly comprises peanut bran, soybean milk and the like, the fries are uniformly sprinkled in the whole pond once a day to keep good water quality, and the fries can grow into 3 cm-sized fries after being cultivated for 20-25 days;
step five: pond culture, including pond owner supports and pond polyculture, pond owner supports: the area of the pond is 1-6 mu, the suitable water depth is 2-2.5 m, the black loam is the best for the bottom material of the pond, the fish breeding is generally selected to be 5-9 months per year, the specification is 1-8 cm, 20000 fish breeding are performed per mu, the number of the bred sunshaden fish can be increased to 30000 fish under good conditions, and the size of the hybrid sunshaden fish with golden-edge can reach 200-250 g after 4-5 months of breeding; pool polyculture: the hybrid sunfish can obtain better cultivation complementary effect when being polycultured in ponds mainly used for cultivating flowers, silver carps, grass carps and the like, the hybrid golden-rimmed sunfish cannot be polycultured or slightly polycultured in the ponds mainly used for cultivating carps, crucian carps and megalobrama amblycephala, and 300-500 fish seeds with the stocking density of 6-8 cm are generally stocked per mu.
2. The method for breeding hybridized sunfish of claim 1, which is characterized in that: and the artificial induced spawning and hatching in the third step comprises artificial estrus induction treatment and artificial induced spawning treatment.
3. The method for breeding hybridized sunfish of claim 2, which is characterized in that: the artificial estrus promotion treatment comprises the following steps: the female fish is injected with 500 international units/kg of chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) and 1mg/kg of pituitary, the injection dosage of the male fish is halved, and the effect is 24 hours.
4. The method for breeding hybridized sunfish of claim 2, which is characterized in that: the artificial induced spawning treatment comprises the following steps: injecting 1000 international units/kg of chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) and 2mg/kg of pituitary by female fish, halving the injection dosage of male fish, carrying out hormone injection treatment for 24-26 hours, starting ovulation and fertilization on parent fish, finishing spawning after 6-10 hours, and uniformly arranging spawned grains on a mesh.
5. The method for breeding hybridized sunfish of claim 1, which is characterized in that: and in the fifth step, the plant feed which can be fed in the main culture of the pond comprises soybeans, bean cakes, bean dregs, peanut cakes, rapeseed cakes and rice bran.
6. The method for breeding hybridized sunfish of claim 1, which is characterized in that: the green feed which can be fed in the five-step pond main culture comprises tender leaves of various terrestrial plants with little cellulose and aquatic duckweeds.
7. The method for breeding hybridized sunfish of claim 1, which is characterized in that: the animal feed which can be fed in the pond mainly cultured in the fifth step comprises fish meal, silkworm chrysalis, blood meal, meat of various aquatic corbicula fluminea, fish, shrimp, cattle and other animal offal, various aquatic earthworms and insect larvae.
8. The method for breeding hybridized sunfish of claim 1, which is characterized in that: the artificial mixed feed mainly fed in the pond in the fifth step is usually prepared by mixing fish meal, rapeseed cakes, cotton cake powder, peanut cake powder, wheat bran, minerals and vitamins, and the protein content is about 40%.
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