CN114262243A - Cucumber sub-low temperature resistant selenium-rich nutrient solution and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Cucumber sub-low temperature resistant selenium-rich nutrient solution and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a cucumber sub-low temperature resistant selenium-rich nutrient solution as well as a preparation method and application thereof, belonging to the technical field of plant selenium-rich nutrient solutions, and the cucumber sub-low temperature resistant selenium-rich nutrient solution consists of the following components: 3.25-6.5mM macroelement source, 127.52-132.76 μ M microelement source, and 0.005-0.02mM selenium source, and is prepared by dissolving macroelement source, microelement source, and selenium source in water. The cucumber sub-low temperature resistant selenium-rich nutrient solution provided by the invention is rich in selenium element, promotes the selenium absorption of plants under the stress of sub-low temperature, and further enhances the sub-low temperature resistance of the plants.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of plant selenium-rich nutrient solutions, and particularly relates to a cucumber selenium-rich nutrient solution with sub-low temperature resistance, and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
Cucumbers belong to the typical cold sensitive type of vegetables, and are particularly vulnerable to long-term sub-low temperatures (less than 20 ℃ during the day, less than 8 ℃ at night, lasting several days or weeks) and short-term extreme low temperatures (15 ℃ during the day, 4 ℃ at night, lasting several hours) during winter and early spring cultivation in northern facilities. Among them, long-term sublow temperature stress is common in the production process of cucumber, which results in the accumulation of a large amount of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) in the cucumber plant, aggravation of membrane lipid peroxidation, and generation of more membrane lipid peroxides, resulting in slow growth of cucumber, reduced yield and quality, and even no harvest. The low temperature stress becomes one of the environmental problems which need to be solved urgently in the current cucumber production industry, so that the method has important practical significance for further improving the resistance of the cucumbers to the sub-low temperature stress.
At present, selenium-rich nutrient solutions on the market are various, mainly organic selenium nutrient solutions are used as main components, but most selenium-rich nutrient solutions are low in effective element content, most preparation processes are complex, cost is high, production technologies are not mature enough, and besides, many farmers do not have proper control over the technology for correctly using the nutrient solutions, so that the application effect of the nutrient solutions is influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems, the invention provides the cucumber sub-low temperature resistant selenium-rich nutrient solution which is rich in selenium element, promotes the selenium absorption of plants under the stress of sub-low temperature, and further enhances the sub-low temperature resistant capability of the plants.
The invention aims to provide a cucumber sub-low temperature resistant selenium-rich nutrient solution, which consists of the following components: 3.25-6.5mM macroelement source, 127.52-132.76 μ M microelement source, 0.005-0.02mM selenium source; dissolving macroelement source, microelement source and selenium source in water.
Preferably, the macronutrient source consists of 1.25-2.5mM Ca (NO)3)2·4H2O、1.25-2.5mM KNO3、0.25-0.5mM KH2PO4And 0.5-1mM MgSO4·7H2And (C) O.
Preferably, the trace element source is from 46.1 to 48.1 mu M H3BO3、9.1-10.1μM MnCl2·4H2O、0.76-0.86μM ZnSO4·7H2O、0.32-0.40μM CuSO4·5H2O、0.24-0.30μM Na2MoO4·2H2O and 71.0-73.0 mu M C10H12FeN2NaO8And (4) forming.
Preferably, the selenium source is NaSeO3。
The second purpose of the invention is to provide a preparation method of the cucumber sub-low temperature resistant selenium-rich nutrient solution, which comprises the following steps:
s1, weighing each component according to 3.25-6.5mM macroelement source, 127.52-132.76 mu M microelement source and 0.005-0.02mM selenium source;
s2, dissolving the macroelement source and the trace element source in water one by one to prepare a solution, adjusting the pH of the solution to weak acidity, adding the selenium source, and uniformly stirring to obtain the sub-low temperature resistant selenium-rich nutrient solution for the cucumbers; the cucumber sub-low temperature resistant selenium-rich nutrient solution is used in a dark place.
The third purpose of the invention is to provide the application of the cucumber sub-low temperature resistant selenium-rich nutrient solution in improving the cucumber sub-low temperature stress resistance, after seed treatment, strong seedling cultivation, field planting and seedling slowing, the cucumber sub-low temperature resistant selenium-rich nutrient solution is used during pretreatment, and then sub-low temperature domestication and sub-low temperature treatment are carried out.
Preferably, when seedlings grow to two leaves and one center, selecting robust seedlings with uniform size, planting the robust seedlings in a container filled with perlite, placing the robust seedlings in a water culture device filled with common nutrient solution, and rejuvenating the robust seedlings in a phytotron with the illumination intensity of 13000lx at 25 ℃ in the daytime and 20 ℃ at night for 2-3 days; during pretreatment, namely after seedlings are recovered, the cucumber is cultured for 6 to 7 days by using the sub-low temperature resistant selenium-rich nutrient solution, and the nutrient solution is replaced once in the middle.
Preferably, the common nutrient solution consists of a macroelement source and a microelement source; the macronutrient source consists of 1.25mM Ca (NO)3)2·4H2O、1.25mM KNO3、0.25mM KH2PO4And 0.5mM MgSO4·7H2O composition; the trace element source is 46.1 mu M H3BO3、9.1μM MnCl2·4H2O、0.76μM ZnSO4·7H2O、0.32μM CuSO4·5H2O、0.24μM Na2MoO4·2H2O and 71.0 μ M C10H12FeN2NaO8And (4) forming.
Preferably, the sub-low temperature domestication method comprises the following steps: after pretreatment, the seedlings are transferred into a climatic chamber with the temperature of 18 ℃ in the daytime and 12 ℃ at night for sub-low temperature acclimatization treatment for 48 hours.
Preferably, the sub-low temperature treatment method is that the sub-low temperature stress treatment is carried out for 13 days in a climatic chamber at 12 ℃ in the daytime and 6 ℃ in the nighttime after the sub-low temperature acclimation treatment of the seedlings is finished.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention prepares a cucumber sub-low temperature resistant selenium-rich nutrient solution, which contains a large amount of trace elements necessary for plant growth and can basically meet the requirements of plants during the growth period. Meanwhile, the selenium-rich sodium selenite can enter the plant body in a passive transportation mode, so that the absorption of the plant to selenium under the stress of the low temperature is promoted, and the low temperature resistance of the plant is further enhanced.
According to the invention, after the cucumber seedling is treated by the cucumber sub-low temperature resistant selenium-rich nutrient solution, the biomass of the selenium-treated cucumber seedling, the relative water content of the leaves and the chlorophyll content are all obviously improved, and the relative conductivity of the leaves and the malondialdehyde content are obviously reduced, which shows that selenium has positive significance for relieving the sub-low temperature stress of the cucumber seedling.
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FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the growth state of cucumber seedlings in examples 1 to 3 and comparative examples 1 to 2.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The following embodiment is that the inventor carries out simulation test in a cold light source artificial climate box of gardening academy of science and technology university of agriculture and forestry in northwest two years 2020-2021, and tests are carried out by taking cucumber variety 'jin za 2' as a material;
the general nutrient solution used in the following examples consisted of a macroelement source and a trace element source; the macronutrient source consists of 1.25mM Ca (NO)3)2·4H2O、1.25mM KNO3、0.25mM KH2PO4And 0.5mM MgSO4·7H2O composition; the trace element source is 46.1 mu M H3BO3、9.1μM MnCl2·4H2O、0.76μM ZnSO4·7H2O、0.32μM CuSO4·5H2O、0.24μM Na2MoO4·2H2O and 71.0 μ M C10H12FeN2NaO8And (4) forming.
Example 1
A cucumber sub-low temperature resistant selenium-rich nutrient solution comprises the following components: macroelement sources: 2.5mM Ca (NO)3)2·4H2O、2.5mM KNO3、0.5mM KH2PO4And 1mM MgSO4·7H2O; sources of trace elements: 46.1 μ M H3BO3、9.1μM MnCl2·4H2O、0.76μM ZnSO4·7H2O、0.32μM CuSO4·5H2O、0.24μMNa2MoO4·2H2O and 71.0 μ M C10H12FeN2NaO8；0.005mM Na2SeO3。
The preparation method of the cucumber sub-low temperature resistant selenium-rich nutrient solution comprises the following steps:
dissolving macroelement source, microelement source and selenium source in water according to the above ratio, namely adding 590.38mg Ca (NO) into 1L water one by one3)2·4H2O、252.78mg KNO3、68.05mg KH2PO4、246.47mg MgSO4·7H2O、2.85mg H3BO3、1.80mg MnCl2·4H2O、0.22mg ZnSO4·7H2O、0.08mg CuSO4·5H2O、0.06mg Na2MoO4·2H2O and 26.06mg C10H12FeN2NaO8Dissolving the components one by one, stirring uniformly, and adjusting the pH value to 6.0 +/-0.10; then 0.86mg of Na was added2SeO3And then fully stirring for 5 minutes to obtain the selenium-rich nutrient solution which is prepared and used in the dark.
The application of the cucumber sub-low temperature resistant selenium-rich nutrient solution in improving the resistance of the cucumber to the sub-low temperature stress comprises the following steps:
(1) seed treatment: selecting full seeds, and sequentially carrying out sterilization, soaking seeds in warm soup, accelerating germination in dark light and the like.
(2) Culturing strong seedlings: when more than 80% of the seeds are exposed to the white and the radicle is about 3mm long, the seeds can be sowed.
The seedling culture substrate is purchased from Shanxi Yangling Yufeng seed industry composite substrate, consists of grass carbon, perlite, vermiculite and the like, and is sowed to the depth of about 1 cm. After seedling emergence, applying a seedling raising fertilizer properly.
(3) Field planting and seedling reviving: when the seedlings grow to two leaves and one core, robust seedlings with uniform size are selected, planted in plastic cups (the bottom surface diameter is 8cm x 8cm), filled with perlite, and placed in pre-prepared water culture tanks (6 seedlings per tank) filled with 500ml of common nutrient solution (pH 6.0 +/-0.1 and containing no selenium source) for seedling recovery for 2-3 days. The artificial climate box parameters are set as photoperiod (14/10h), illumination (13000lx) and temperature (25/20 ℃), namely illumination intensity of 13000lx, illumination for 14h in daytime, temperature for 25 ℃, darkness for 10h at night and temperature for 20 ℃.
(4) Pretreatment: after seedling delay, the selenium-rich nutrient solution is changed into the selenium-rich nutrient solution to be cultured for one week, and the selenium-rich nutrient solution (pH 6.0 +/-0.1) is replaced once in the period.
(5) Sub-low temperature domestication: after pretreatment, the mixture enters an artificial climate box with the temperature of 18 ℃ in the daytime and 12 ℃ at night to be subjected to sub-low temperature acclimation treatment for 48 hours.
(6) And (3) sub-low temperature treatment: and after the sub-low temperature acclimatization is finished, performing sub-low temperature stress treatment for 13 days in an artificial climate box at 12 ℃ in the daytime and 6 ℃ at night, wherein the water culture facility is protected from light, and other conditions are kept consistent.
Example 2
A cucumber sub-low temperature resistant selenium-rich nutrient solution comprises the following components: macroelement sources: 2.5mM Ca (NO)3)2·4H2O、2.5mM KNO3、0.5mM KH2PO4And 1mM MgSO4·7H2O; sources of trace elements: 46.1 μ M H3BO3、9.1μM MnCl2·4H2O、0.76μM ZnSO4·7H2O、0.32μM CuSO4·5H2O、0.24μM Na2MoO4·2H2O and 71.0 μ M C10H12FeN2NaO8；0.01mM Na2SeO3。
The preparation method of the cucumber sub-low temperature resistant selenium-rich nutrient solution comprises the following steps:
dissolving macroelement source, microelement source and selenium source in water according to the above ratio, namely adding 590.38mg Ca (NO) into 1L water one by one3)2·4H2O、252.78mg KNO3、68.05mg KH2PO4、246.47mg MgSO4·7H2O、2.85mg H3BO3、1.80mg MnCl2·4H2O、0.22mg ZnSO4·7H2O、0.08mg CuSO4·5H2O、0.06mg Na2MoO4·2H2O and 26.06mg C10H12FeN2NaO8Dissolving the components one by one, stirring uniformly, and adjusting the pH value to 6.0 +/-0.10; then 1.73mg of Na was added2SeO3And then fully stirring for 5 minutes to obtain the selenium-rich nutrient solution which is prepared and used in the dark.
The application of the cucumber sub-low temperature resistant selenium-rich nutrient solution in improving the resistance of the cucumber to the sub-low temperature stress comprises the following steps:
(1) seed treatment: selecting full seeds, and sequentially carrying out sterilization, soaking seeds in warm soup, accelerating germination in dark light and the like.
(2) Culturing strong seedlings: when more than 80% of the seeds are exposed to the white and the radicle is about 3mm long, the seeds can be sowed.
The seedling culture substrate is purchased from Shanxi Yangling Yufeng seed industry composite substrate, consists of grass carbon, perlite, vermiculite and the like, and is sowed to the depth of about 1 cm. After seedling emergence, applying a seedling raising fertilizer properly.
(3) Field planting and seedling reviving: when the seedlings grow to two leaves and one core, robust seedlings with uniform size are selected, planted in plastic cups (the bottom surface diameter is 8cm x 8cm), filled with perlite, and placed in pre-prepared water culture tanks (6 seedlings per tank) filled with 500ml of common nutrient solution (pH 6.0 +/-0.1 and containing no selenium source) for seedling recovery for 2-3 days. The artificial climate box parameters are set as photoperiod (14/10h), illumination (13000lx) and temperature (25/20 ℃), namely illumination intensity of 13000lx, illumination for 14h in daytime, temperature for 25 ℃, darkness for 10h at night and temperature for 20 ℃.
(4) Pretreatment: after seedling delay, the selenium-rich nutrient solution is changed into the selenium-rich nutrient solution to be cultured for one week, and the selenium-rich nutrient solution (pH 6.0 +/-0.1) is replaced once in the period.
(5) Sub-low temperature domestication: after pretreatment, the mixture enters an artificial climate box with the temperature of 18 ℃ in the daytime and 12 ℃ at night to be subjected to sub-low temperature acclimation treatment for 48 hours.
(6) And (3) sub-low temperature treatment: and after the sub-low temperature acclimatization is finished, performing sub-low temperature stress treatment for 13 days in an artificial climate box at 12 ℃ in the daytime and 6 ℃ at night, wherein the water culture facility is protected from light, and other conditions are kept consistent.
Example 3
A cucumber sub-low temperature resistant selenium-rich nutrient solution comprises the following components: macroelement sources: 2.5mM Ca (NO)3)2·4H2O、2.5mM KNO3、0.5mM KH2PO4And 1mM MgSO4·7H2O; sources of trace elements: 46.1 μ M H3BO3、9.1μM MnCl2·4H2O、0.76μM ZnSO4·7H2O、0.32μM CuSO4·5H2O、0.24μM Na2MoO4·2H2O and 71.0 μ M C10H12FeN2NaO8；0.02mM Na2SeO3。
The preparation method of the cucumber sub-low temperature resistant selenium-rich nutrient solution comprises the following steps:
dissolving macroelement source, microelement source and selenium source in water according to the above ratio, namely adding 590.38mg Ca (NO) into 1L water one by one3)2·4H2O、252.78mg KNO3、68.05mg KH2PO4、246.47mg MgSO4·7H2O、2.85mg H3BO3、1.80mg MnCl2·4H2O、0.22mg ZnSO4·7H2O、0.08mg CuSO4·5H2O、0.06mg Na2MoO4·2H2O and 26.06mg C10H12FeN2NaO8Dissolving the components one by one, stirring uniformly, and adjusting the pH value to 6.0 +/-0.10; then 3.46mg of Na was added2SeO3And then fully stirring for 5 minutes to obtain the selenium-rich nutrient solution which is prepared and used in the dark.
The application of the cucumber sub-low temperature resistant selenium-rich nutrient solution in improving the resistance of the cucumber to the sub-low temperature stress comprises the following steps:
(1) seed treatment: selecting full seeds, and sequentially carrying out sterilization, soaking seeds in warm soup, accelerating germination in dark light and the like.
(2) Culturing strong seedlings: when more than 80% of the seeds are exposed to the white and the radicle is about 3mm long, the seeds can be sowed.
The seedling culture substrate is purchased from Shanxi Yangling Yufeng seed industry composite substrate, consists of grass carbon, perlite, vermiculite and the like, and is sowed to the depth of about 1 cm. After seedling emergence, applying a seedling raising fertilizer properly.
(3) Field planting and seedling reviving: when the seedlings grow to two leaves and one core, robust seedlings with uniform size are selected, planted in plastic cups (the bottom surface diameter is 8cm x 8cm), filled with perlite, and placed in pre-prepared water culture tanks (6 seedlings per tank) filled with 500ml of common nutrient solution (pH 6.0 +/-0.1 and containing no selenium source) for seedling recovery for 2-3 days. The artificial climate box parameters are set as photoperiod (14/10h), illumination (13000lx) and temperature (25/20 ℃), namely illumination intensity of 13000lx, illumination for 14h in daytime, temperature for 25 ℃, darkness for 10h at night and temperature for 20 ℃.
(4) Pretreatment: after seedling delay, the selenium-rich nutrient solution is changed into the selenium-rich nutrient solution to be cultured for one week, and the selenium-rich nutrient solution (pH 6.0 +/-0.1) is replaced once in the period.
(5) Sub-low temperature domestication: after pretreatment, the mixture enters an artificial climate box with the temperature of 18 ℃ in the daytime and 12 ℃ at night to be subjected to sub-low temperature acclimation treatment for 48 hours.
(6) And (3) sub-low temperature treatment: and after the sub-low temperature acclimatization is finished, performing sub-low temperature stress treatment for 13 days in an artificial climate box at 12 ℃ in the daytime and 6 ℃ at night, wherein the water culture facility is protected from light, and other conditions are kept consistent.
Example 4
A cucumber sub-low temperature resistant selenium-rich nutrient solution comprises the following components: macroelement sources: 1.25mM Ca (NO)3)2·4H2O、1.25mM KNO3、0.25mM KH2PO4And 0.5mM MgSO4·7H2O; sources of trace elements: 47.1 μ M H3BO3、9.6μM MnCl2·4H2O、0.80μM ZnSO4·7H2O、0.36μM CuSO4·5H2O、0.27μM Na2MoO4·2H2O and 72.0 μ M C10H12FeN2NaO8；0.005mMNa2SeO3。
The preparation method of the cucumber sub-low temperature resistant selenium-rich nutrient solution comprises the following steps:
dissolving macroelement source, microelement source and selenium source in water according to the above ratio, namely adding 295.19mg Ca (NO) into 1L water one by one3)2·4H2O、126.39mg KNO3、34.03mg KH2PO4、123.24mg MgSO4·7H2O、2.91mg H3BO3、1.90mg MnCl2·4H2O、0.23mg ZnSO4·7H2O、0.09mg CuSO4·5H2O、0.065mg Na2MoO4·2H2O and 26.43mg C10H12FeN2NaO8Dissolving the components one by one, stirring uniformly, and adjusting the pH value to 6.0 +/-0.10; then 0.86mg of Na was added2SeO3Then fully stirring for 5 minutes to obtain the selenium-rich nutritionThe liquid is prepared at present and used in dark.
The application of the cucumber sub-low temperature resistant selenium-rich nutrient solution in improving the resistance of the cucumber to the sub-low temperature stress comprises the following steps:
(1) seed treatment: selecting full seeds, and sequentially carrying out sterilization, soaking seeds in warm soup, accelerating germination in dark light and the like.
(2) Culturing strong seedlings: when more than 80% of the seeds are exposed to the white and the radicle is about 3mm long, the seeds can be sowed.
The seedling culture substrate is purchased from Shanxi Yangling Yufeng seed industry composite substrate, consists of grass carbon, perlite, vermiculite and the like, and is sowed to the depth of about 1 cm. After seedling emergence, applying a seedling raising fertilizer properly.
(3) Field planting and seedling reviving: when the seedlings grow to two leaves and one core, robust seedlings with uniform size are selected, planted in plastic cups (the bottom surface diameter is 8cm x 8cm), filled with perlite, and placed in pre-prepared water culture tanks (6 seedlings per tank) filled with 500ml of common nutrient solution (pH 6.0 +/-0.1 and containing no selenium source) for seedling recovery for 2-3 days. The artificial climate box parameters are set as photoperiod (14/10h), illumination (13000lx) and temperature (25/20 ℃), namely illumination intensity of 13000lx, illumination for 14h in daytime, temperature for 25 ℃, darkness for 10h at night and temperature for 20 ℃.
(4) Pretreatment: after seedling delay, the selenium-rich nutrient solution is changed into the selenium-rich nutrient solution to be cultured for one week, and the selenium-rich nutrient solution (pH 6.0 +/-0.1) is replaced once in the period.
(5) Sub-low temperature domestication: after pretreatment, the mixture enters an artificial climate box with the temperature of 18 ℃ in the daytime and 12 ℃ at night to be subjected to sub-low temperature acclimation treatment for 48 hours.
(6) And (3) sub-low temperature treatment: and after the sub-low temperature acclimatization is finished, performing sub-low temperature stress treatment in an artificial climate box at 12 ℃ in the daytime and 6 ℃ at night, wherein the water culture facility is subjected to light-proof treatment for 13 days, and other conditions are kept consistent.
Example 5
A cucumber sub-low temperature resistant selenium-rich nutrient solution comprises the following components: macroelement sources: 1.88mM Ca (NO)3)2·4H2O、1.88mM KNO3、0.38mM KH2PO4And 0.75mM MgSO4·7H2O; sources of trace elements: 48.1 μ M H3BO3、10.1μM MnCl2·4H2O、0.86μM ZnSO4·7H2O、0.40μM CuSO4·5H2O、0.30μM Na2MoO4·2H2O and 73.0. mu. M C10H12FeN2NaO8；0.005mMNa2SeO3。
The preparation method of the cucumber sub-low temperature resistant selenium-rich nutrient solution comprises the following steps:
dissolving macroelement source, microelement source and selenium source in water according to the above ratio, namely adding 443.96mg Ca (NO) into 1L water one by one3)2·4H2O、190.09mg KNO3、51.72mg KH2PO4、184.85mg MgSO4·7H2O、2.97mg H3BO3、2.00mg MnCl2·4H2O、0.25mg ZnSO4·7H2O、0.10mg CuSO4·5H2O、0.073mg Na2MoO4·2H2O and 26.79mg C10H12FeN2NaO8Dissolving the components one by one, stirring uniformly, and adjusting the pH value to 6.0 +/-0.10; then 0.86mg of Na was added2SeO3And then fully stirring for 5 minutes to obtain the selenium-rich nutrient solution which is prepared and used in the dark.
The application of the cucumber sub-low temperature resistant selenium-rich nutrient solution in improving the resistance of the cucumber to the sub-low temperature stress comprises the following steps:
(1) seed treatment: selecting full seeds, and sequentially carrying out sterilization, soaking seeds in warm soup, accelerating germination in dark light and the like.
(2) Culturing strong seedlings: when more than 80% of the seeds are exposed to the white and the radicle is about 3mm long, the seeds can be sowed.
The seedling culture substrate is purchased from Shanxi Yangling Yufeng seed industry composite substrate, consists of grass carbon, perlite, vermiculite and the like, and is sowed to the depth of about 1 cm. After seedling emergence, applying a seedling raising fertilizer properly.
(3) Field planting and seedling reviving: when the seedlings grow to two leaves and one core, robust seedlings with uniform size are selected, planted in plastic cups (the bottom surface diameter is 8cm x 8cm), filled with perlite, and placed in pre-prepared water culture tanks (6 seedlings per tank) filled with 500ml of common nutrient solution (pH 6.0 +/-0.1 and containing no selenium source) for seedling recovery for 2-3 days. The artificial climate box parameters are set as photoperiod (14/10h), illumination (13000lx) and temperature (25/20 ℃), namely illumination intensity of 13000lx, illumination for 14h in daytime, temperature for 25 ℃, darkness for 10h at night and temperature for 20 ℃.
(4) Pretreatment: after seedling delay, the selenium-rich nutrient solution is changed into the selenium-rich nutrient solution to be cultured for one week, and the selenium-rich nutrient solution (pH 6.0 +/-0.1) is replaced once in the period.
(5) Sub-low temperature domestication: after pretreatment, the mixture enters an artificial climate box with the temperature of 18 ℃ in the daytime and 12 ℃ at night to be subjected to sub-low temperature acclimation treatment for 48 hours.
(6) And (3) sub-low temperature treatment: and after the sub-low temperature acclimatization is finished, performing sub-low temperature stress treatment for 13 days in an artificial climate box at 12 ℃ in the daytime and 6 ℃ at night, wherein the water culture facility is protected from light, and other conditions are kept consistent.
Comparative example 1
A cucumber nutrient solution is composed of the following components: macroelement sources: 2.5mM Ca (NO)3)2·4H2O、2.5mM KNO3、0.5mM KH2PO4And 1mM MgSO4·7H2O; sources of trace elements: 46.1 μ M H3BO3、9.1μM MnCl2·4H2O、0.76μM ZnSO4·7H2O、0.32μM CuSO4·5H2O、0.24μMNa2MoO4·2H2O and 71.0 μ M C10H12FeN2NaO8。
The preparation method of the cucumber nutrient solution comprises the following steps:
(1) dissolving macroelement source, microelement source and selenium source in water according to the above ratio, namely adding 590.38mg Ca (NO) into 1L water one by one3)2·4H2O、252.78mg KNO3、68.05mg KH2PO4、246.47mg MgSO4·7H2O、2.85mg H3BO3、1.80mg MnCl2·4H2O、0.22mg ZnSO4·7H2O、0.08mg CuSO4·5H2O、0.06mg Na2MoO4·2H2O and 26.06mg C10H12FeN2NaO8Dissolving the components one by one, stirring uniformly, and adjusting the pH value to 6.0 +/-0.10; then 0.86mg of Na was added2SeO3And then fully stirring for 5 minutes to obtain the selenium-free nutrient solution which is prepared in situ and used in dark place.
The application of the cucumber sub-low temperature resistant selenium-rich nutrient solution in improving the resistance of the cucumber to the sub-low temperature stress comprises the following steps:
(1) seed treatment: selecting full seeds, and sequentially carrying out sterilization, soaking seeds in warm soup, accelerating germination in dark light and the like.
(2) Culturing strong seedlings: when more than 80% of the seeds are exposed to the white and the radicle is about 3mm long, the seeds can be sowed.
The seedling culture substrate is purchased from Shanxi Yangling Yufeng seed industry composite substrate, consists of grass carbon, perlite, vermiculite and the like, and is sowed to the depth of about 1 cm. After seedling emergence, applying a seedling raising fertilizer properly.
(3) Field planting and seedling reviving: when the seedlings grow to two leaves and one core, robust seedlings with uniform size are selected, planted in plastic cups (the bottom surface diameter is 8cm x 8cm), filled with perlite, and placed in pre-prepared water culture tanks (6 seedlings per tank) filled with 500ml of common nutrient solution (pH 6.0 +/-0.1 and containing no selenium source) for seedling recovery for 2-3 days. The artificial climate box parameters are set as photoperiod (14/10h), illumination (13000lx) and temperature (25/20 ℃), namely illumination intensity of 13000lx, illumination for 14h in daytime, temperature for 25 ℃, darkness for 10h at night and temperature for 20 ℃.
(4) Pretreatment: after seedling delay, the nutrient solution without selenium is changed to be continuously cultured for one week, and the nutrient solution (pH 6.0 +/-0.1) is replaced once in the period.
(5) Sub-low temperature domestication: after pretreatment, the mixture enters an artificial climate box with the temperature of 18 ℃ in the daytime and 12 ℃ at night to be subjected to sub-low temperature acclimation treatment for 48 hours.
(6) And (3) sub-low temperature treatment: and after the sub-low temperature acclimatization is finished, performing sub-low temperature stress treatment for 13 days in an artificial climate box at 12 ℃ in the daytime and 6 ℃ at night, wherein the water culture facility performs light-shading treatment, and other conditions are kept consistent.
Comparative example 2
A cucumber warm nutrient solution comprises the following components: macroelement sources: 2.5mM Ca (NO)3)2·4H2O、2.5mM KNO3、0.5mM KH2PO4And 1mM MgSO4·7H2O; sources of trace elements: 46.1 μ M H3BO3、9.1μM MnCl2·4H2O、0.76μM ZnSO4·7H2O、0.32μM CuSO4·5H2O、0.24μMNa2MoO4·2H2O and 71.0 μ M C10H12FeN2NaO8(ii) a A balanced source of sodium ions as Na2SO4Adding Na into the mixture at a concentration of 0.02mM2SO4The result is that the anti-hypothermia effect is derived from Na2SeO3Se in the medium is not Na.
The preparation method of the cucumber nutrient solution comprises the following steps:
(1) dissolving macroelement source, microelement source and selenium source in water according to the above ratio, namely adding 590.38mg Ca (NO) into 1L water one by one3)2·4H2O、252.78mg KNO3、68.05mg KH2PO4、246.47mg MgSO4·7H2O、2.85mg H3BO3、1.80mg MnCl2·4H2O、0.22mg ZnSO4·7H2O、0.08mg CuSO4·5H2O、0.06mg Na2MoO4·2H2O and 26.06mg C10H12FeN2NaO8Dissolving the components one by one, stirring uniformly, and adjusting the pH value to 6.0 +/-0.10; then 2.84mg of Na are added2SO4And then fully stirring for 5 minutes to obtain the selenium-free nutrient solution which is prepared and used in the dark.
The application of the cucumber sub-low temperature resistant selenium-rich nutrient solution in improving the resistance of the cucumber to the sub-low temperature stress comprises the following steps:
(1) seed treatment: selecting full seeds, and sequentially carrying out sterilization, soaking seeds in warm soup, accelerating germination in dark light and the like.
(2) Culturing strong seedlings: when more than 80% of the seeds are exposed to the white and the radicle is about 3mm long, the seeds can be sowed.
The seedling culture substrate is purchased from Shanxi Yangling Yufeng seed industry composite substrate, consists of grass carbon, perlite, vermiculite and the like, and is sowed to the depth of about 1 cm. After seedling emergence, applying a seedling raising fertilizer properly.
(3) Field planting and seedling reviving: when the seedlings grow to two leaves and one core, robust seedlings with uniform size are selected, planted in plastic cups (the bottom surface diameter is 8cm x 8cm), filled with perlite, and placed in pre-prepared water culture tanks (6 seedlings per tank) filled with 500ml of common nutrient solution (pH 6.0 +/-0.1 and containing no selenium source) for seedling recovery for 2-3 days. The artificial climate box parameters are set as photoperiod (14/10h), illumination (13000lx) and temperature (25/20 ℃), namely illumination intensity of 13000lx, illumination for 14h in daytime, temperature for 25 ℃, darkness for 10h at night and temperature for 20 ℃.
(4) Pretreatment: after seedling delay, the nutrient solution without selenium is changed to be continuously cultured for one week, and the nutrient solution (pH 6.0 +/-0.1) is replaced once in the period.
(5) Sub-low temperature domestication: after pretreatment, the mixture enters an artificial climate box with the temperature of 18 ℃ in the daytime and 12 ℃ at night to be subjected to sub-low temperature acclimation treatment for 48 hours.
(6) And (3) sub-low temperature treatment: and after the sub-low temperature acclimatization is finished, performing sub-low temperature stress treatment in an artificial climate box at 12 ℃ in the daytime and 6 ℃ at night, and keeping the water culture facilities away from light during the sub-low temperature acclimatization, wherein other conditions are kept consistent.
The physiological indexes of cucumber seedlings were measured, and the results are shown in table 1 and fig. 1.
FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the growth state of cucumber seedlings in examples 1 to 3 and comparative examples 1 to 2, wherein CK represents comparative example 1, Na represents comparative example 2, and Se is1Representative example 1, Se2Representative example 2, Se3Representing example 3, it can be seen from FIG. 1 that cucumber seedlings at CK and Na have no obvious difference, while Se is1、Se2、Se3The growth vigor of the cucumber seedlings treated by the method is obviously superior to that of the cucumber seedlings treated by CK and Na, and the cucumber seedlings treated by the method are Se1The growth vigor is best under the treatment.
TABLE 1 physiological index test results of cucumber seedlings
| Example 1 | Example 2 | Example 3 | Comparative example 1 | Comparative example 2 | |
| Fresh weight of whole plant (g) | 2.33±0.15 | 1.69±0.08 | 1.72±0.14 | 1.45±0.20 | 1.51±0.18 |
| Whole plant Dry weight (g) | 0.37±0.04 | 0.28±0.02 | 0.31±0.03 | 0.27±0.03 | 0.28±0.03 |
| Chlorophyll content (mg/g) | 1.41±0.07 | 1.21±0.10 | 1.01±0.08 | 0.97±0.08 | 1.07±0.07 |
| Relative Water content (%) | 60.1±4.3 | 54.9±3.0 | 40.7±1.7 | 36.2±1.9 | 34.8±3.0 |
| Relative conductivity (%) | 35.9±3.3 | 40.6±2.4 | 38.0±2.0 | 48.9±6.2 | 47.2±5.3 |
| Malondialdehyde content (nmol/g) | 18.3±0.7 | 22.0±1.6 | 23.8±0.6 | 26.0±1.3 | 25.1±1.5 |
From examples 1-3, it can be seen that, by using the method of the present invention, except for the slight decrease in chlorophyll content of the cucumber leaf in example 3, the other indexes including the fresh weight of the whole plant, the dry weight of the whole plant, the chlorophyll content of the leaf and the relative water content of the cucumber are all improved compared with those in comparative examples 1-2, while the relative electrical conductivity and the malondialdehyde content of the leaf are significantly reduced, and the differences are the most significant under the treatment of example 1. The effect of the selenium-enriched concentration treatment in example 1 is better than that of the other groups of selenium concentration treatment. Therefore, the sub-low temperature resistant selenium-rich temperature nutrient solution for the cucumbers can obviously improve the sub-low temperature resistant capability of the vegetables such as the cucumbers and the like, and further effectively relieve the sub-low temperature stress damage of the cucumbers, which has practical significance in cucumber production.
While preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described, additional variations and modifications in those embodiments may occur to those skilled in the art once they learn of the basic inventive concepts. Therefore, it is intended that the appended claims be interpreted as including preferred embodiments and all such alterations and modifications as fall within the scope of the invention.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made in the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Thus, if such modifications and variations of the present invention fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention and their equivalents, the present invention is also intended to include such modifications and variations.
Claims (10)
1. The cucumber sub-low temperature resistant selenium-rich nutrient solution is characterized by comprising the following components: 3.25-6.5mM macroelement source, 127.52-132.76 μ M microelement source, and 0.005-0.02mM selenium source, and is prepared by dissolving macroelement source, microelement source, and selenium source in water.
2. The cucumber hypo-resistant selenium-rich nutrient solution as claimed in claim 1, wherein the macronutrient source is composed of 1.25-2.5mM Ca (NO)3)2·4H2O、1.25-2.5mM KNO3、0.25-0.5mM KH2PO4And 0.5-1mM MgSO4·7H2And (C) O.
3. The cucumber sub-low temperature resistant selenium-rich nutrient solution as claimed in claim 1, wherein the source of trace elements is 46.1-48.1 μ M H3BO3、9.1-10.1μM MnCl2·4H2O、0.76-0.86μMZnSO4·7H2O、0.32-0.40μM CuSO4·5H2O、0.24-0.30μM Na2MoO4·2H2O and 71.0-73.0 mu M C10H12FeN2NaO8And (4) forming.
4. The cucumber sub-low temperature resistant selenium-rich nutrient solution as claimed in claim 1, wherein the selenium source is NaSeO3。
5. A preparation method of the cucumber sub-low temperature resistant selenium-rich nutrient solution as claimed in any one of claims 1-4, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, weighing each component according to 3.25-6.5mM macroelement source, 127.52-132.76 mu M microelement source and 0.005-0.02mM selenium source;
s2, dissolving the macroelement source and the trace element source in water one by one to prepare a solution, adjusting the pH of the solution to weak acidity, adding the selenium source, and uniformly stirring to obtain the sub-low temperature resistant selenium-rich nutrient solution for the cucumbers; the cucumber sub-low temperature resistant selenium-rich nutrient solution is used in a dark place.
6. The application of the cucumber sub-low temperature resistant selenium-rich nutrient solution as defined in any one of claims 1-4 in improving the resistance of cucumbers to the stress of the cucumbers at the sub-low temperature is characterized in that the cucumber sub-low temperature resistant selenium-rich nutrient solution is used during the pretreatment period after seed treatment, strong seedling cultivation and field planting and seedling slow seedling growth, and then sub-low temperature domestication and sub-low temperature treatment are carried out.
7. The application of the cucumber sub-low temperature resistant selenium-rich nutrient solution in improving the cucumber sub-low temperature stress resistance is characterized in that when seedlings grow to two leaves and one heart in field planting and seedling reviving, robust seedlings with uniform size are selected, planted in a container filled with perlite and placed in a water planting device filled with a common nutrient solution, and the seedlings are revived for 2-3 days in a phytotron with the day temperature of 25 ℃, the night temperature of 20 ℃ and the illumination intensity of 13000 lx; during pretreatment, namely after seedlings are recovered, the cucumber is cultured for 6 to 7 days by using the sub-low temperature resistant selenium-rich nutrient solution, and the nutrient solution is replaced once in the middle.
8. The use of the cucumber sub-low temperature resistant selenium-rich nutrient solution for improving the resistance of the cucumber to the sub-low temperature stress according to claim 7, wherein the common nutrient solution consists of a macroelement source and a microelement source; the macronutrient source consists of 1.25mM Ca (NO)3)2·4H2O、1.25mM KNO3、0.25mM KH2PO4And 0.5mM MgSO4·7H2O composition; the trace element source is 46.1 mu M H3BO3、9.1μM MnCl2·4H2O、0.76μM ZnSO4·7H2O、0.32μM CuSO4·5H2O、0.24μM Na2MoO4·2H2O and 71.0 μ M C10H12FeN2NaO8And (4) forming.
9. The application of the cucumber ultralow temperature-resistant selenium-rich nutrient solution in improving the ultralow temperature stress resistance of cucumbers according to claim 6, wherein the ultralow temperature domestication method comprises the following steps: after pretreatment, the seedlings are transferred into a climatic chamber with the temperature of 18 ℃ in the daytime and 12 ℃ at night for sub-low temperature acclimatization treatment for 48 hours.
10. The application of the cucumber sub-low temperature resistant selenium-rich nutrient solution in improving the cucumber sub-low temperature stress resistance according to claim 6, wherein the sub-low temperature treatment method is that the sub-low temperature stress treatment is carried out in a phytotron with the temperature of 12 ℃ in the daytime and 6 ℃ in the nighttime for 13 days after the seedling sub-low temperature acclimatization treatment is finished.
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