CN114262045A - Method for treating hardened ditch - Google Patents
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- CN114262045A CN114262045A CN202111613277.8A CN202111613277A CN114262045A CN 114262045 A CN114262045 A CN 114262045A CN 202111613277 A CN202111613277 A CN 202111613277A CN 114262045 A CN114262045 A CN 114262045A
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 230000008439 repair process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000002346 layers by function Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229960000892 attapulgite Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229910052625 palygorskite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 244000060011 Cocos nucifera Species 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 235000013162 Cocos nucifera Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical group [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000011398 Portland cement Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- IXPNQXFRVYWDDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methyl-2,4-dioxo-1,3-diazinane-5-carboximidamide Chemical compound CN1CC(C(N)=N)C(=O)NC1=O IXPNQXFRVYWDDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 235000010413 sodium alginate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 11
- 229940005550 sodium alginate Drugs 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000661 sodium alginate Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000008204 material by function Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 244000025254 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005067 remediation Methods 0.000 claims 7
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 21
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 15
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 13
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 10
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 10
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 10
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 description 9
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- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 5
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- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006065 biodegradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000033116 oxidation-reduction process Effects 0.000 description 1
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W10/00—Technologies for wastewater treatment
- Y02W10/10—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
Landscapes
- Solid-Sorbent Or Filter-Aiding Compositions (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a treatment method of a hardened ditch, which comprises the following steps: filling a composite functional material into a packaging bag with meshes, wherein the composite functional material comprises a repair functional layer and a permeable hard shell, the permeable hard shell wraps the repair functional layer, and the repair functional layer comprises 5-10% of secondary reduced iron powder, 30-40% of sawdust, 10-20% of heavy calcium carbonate, 5-10% of coconut shell biochar and the balance of attapulgite; the permeable hard shell comprises 8-13% of diatomite, 65-70% of attapulgite and the balance of ordinary portland cement; placing the packed materials meeting the function at intervals in the channel; the method for treating the hardened ditch has the advantages of simple operation, low cost, and construction of a small ecological system while maintaining the structural environment of the original hardened ditch.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of environmental management, in particular to a method for managing a hardened ditch.
Background
In recent years, with the rapid economic growth and social revolution of China, a large amount of domestic sewage and agricultural wastewater is generated. In the environmental field, the general deterioration of surface water quality over the past decades has posed a significant threat to human health and ecosystem services. In order to solve the water pollution crisis and promote the ecological environment recovery, China made a great effort for environmental water pollution since 2001.
Research shows that the non-point source pollution contributes more than 60% to the environmental pollution of surface water. And the non-point source pollution has the characteristic of high N, P pollution. At present, most of surface water in rural areas is solved by ecological system engineering such as artificial wetlands, vegetation filter belts and the like, and has the defects of large occupied area, difficulty in maintenance and the like. Hardened ditches are adopted in modern agriculture for irrigation, and are constructed by cement, different from soil, and the characteristics of the hardened ditches are not beneficial to plant growth. The existing treatment method can not be effectively applied to the stable improvement of water quality in the hardened ditches and the further improvement of ecological functions. Therefore, a treatment method for the hardened ditch needs to be developed, and the technology has the advantages of constructing a stable small ecological system in the hardened ditch, improving the self-cleaning bearing capacity of water, continuously intercepting the flowing pollution of the hardened ditch for a long time, keeping the long-term stability of water quality, improving the ecological function of the hardened ditch and the like.
The Chinese patent application with publication number CN110156167A and publication number 2019.06.26 discloses a hardened base ecological ditch and an ecological ditch system, wherein net cages are arranged on the side wall or the bottom wall of a ditch body, a three-dimensional frame is arranged on a side table, an ecological floating bed is arranged in the ditch body, and the problems of large loss of nitrogen and phosphorus nutrient elements and serious eutrophication of surrounding water bodies in the planting process of farmlands around hardened ecological ditches are solved by utilizing the cooperation of plants and the structure.
Chinese patent application publication No. CN110106842A, published as 2019.08.09, discloses a method for ecological reconstruction of hardened ditches. Through ecological transformation of the ditch bottom, ecological transformation of the ditch wall, ecological transformation of the ditch top and setting of four measures of an ecological permeable dam, the ecological reconstruction of a hardened ditch is carried out. The ecological planting method is characterized in that ecological reconstruction is carried out on the bottom and the wall of the hardened ditch in a mode that submerged plants are planted by a vegetation blanket and emergent plants are planted by floating vegetation bodies, ecological blankets or geotechnical mats with the submerged plants are laid at the bottom of the hardened ditch, floating ecological bags filled with light substrates are hung on two sides of the wall of the ditch alternately, emergent plants are planted in the ecological bags, technical measures such as aquatic animals are put in the ditch, a farmland ditch ecological system with a relatively complete structure is rebuilt, and the pollution purification capacity of the ditch is improved.
As mentioned above, the current methods for enhancing ecological functions of hardened ditches require a large range of manual measures such as: the method has the advantages of manual modification, manual planting, manual aquatic animal feeding and the like, and has the defects of complex conditions, high cost, potential environmental influence caused by great change of the current ecological system and the like. Therefore, the invention overcomes the defects and provides a technical method which is simple to operate, has low cost, maintains the original hard ditch environment, and simultaneously constructs a small ecosystem so as to improve ecological functions.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a treatment method which is simple to operate and low in cost, maintains the original hard ditch environment, and simultaneously constructs a small ecosystem so as to improve ecological functions.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the technical scheme that: a method for treating a hardened ditch, comprising: filling a composite functional material into a packaging bag with meshes, wherein the composite functional material comprises a repair functional layer and a permeable hard shell, the permeable hard shell wraps the repair functional layer, and the repair functional layer comprises 5-10% of secondary reduced iron powder, 30-40% of sawdust, 10-20% of heavy calcium carbonate, 5-10% of coconut shell biochar and the balance of attapulgite; the permeable hard shell comprises 8-13% of diatomite, 65-70% of attapulgite and the balance of ordinary portland cement;
and placing the packed functional materials in the ditches at intervals.
As a preferable technical scheme, the weight of each bag of the composite functional material is 20-40 kg.
As a preferred technical scheme, the placing interval range is 40-50 m.
As a preferred technical scheme, the packaging bag is made of degradable natural grass nets with the aperture smaller than 0.2 cm.
Preferably, the functional repair layer is spherical with a diameter in the range of 0.4-1.0 cm.
Preferably, the composite functional material is spherical with the diameter of 0.6-1.2 cm.
Preferably, the particle size of the wood chips is larger than 25 meshes.
As a preferable technical scheme, the materials in the repairing functional layer are mixed and pasted through 0.5% sodium alginate solution.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the method for treating the hardened ditch has the advantages of simple operation, low cost, and construction of a small ecological system while maintaining the structural environment of the original hardened ditch.
The method for treating the hardened ditch can self-domesticate microorganisms on the premise of not adding biological agents, thereby improving the pollutant removal efficiency.
The method for treating the hardened ditch can grow environmental plants on the premise of not adding plants, so that a small ecological treatment system is constructed, the ecological function of the hardened ditch is improved, and targeted guidance is provided for a subsequent method for improving the ecological function of the hardened ditch.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a photograph of a composite functional material;
FIG. 2 shows the interception efficiency of the total phosphorus pollution of a hardened ditch by the method for treating the hardened ditch;
FIG. 3 shows the interception efficiency of total nitrogen pollution of a hardened trench by the method for treating a hardened trench provided by the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the present invention are further described below with reference to the embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and that the invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described herein.
Example 1
Firstly, functional materials are prepared, in the embodiment, the components of the repair functional layer of the composite functional material are uniformly mixed by 5 percent of secondary reduced iron powder, 40 percent of sawdust, 20 percent of heavy calcium carbonate, 5 percent of coconut shell biochar and 30 percent of attapulgite. The components of the permeable hard shell layer are evenly mixed with 8 percent of diatomite, 65 percent of attapulgite and 27 percent of common silicate water. The particle size screening of the materials is carried out according to the condition that the particle size of the sawdust is larger than 25 meshes, and the particle size of the rest materials is larger than 90 meshes. And sodium alginate solution with the mass fraction of 0.5 percent is prepared for bonding.
And then, spraying a part of the mixed materials of the repair function layer on the prepared sodium alginate solution, and stirring to preliminarily form a kernel with lower structural strength. Putting the kernel into a sugar coating machine, adding part of the materials of the ecological restoration function layer, and spraying sodium alginate solution while rolling (45r/min) the sugar coating machine to enable the loose pellets to grow into restoration function pellets with the particle size of 0.4-1.0cm (diameter). And (4) screening to prepare the repairing functional pellets, wherein the pellets with the particle size of less than 0.4cm are used as the inner cores of the materials prepared next time.
Then adding the uniformly mixed permeable hard shell layer material and the repairing functional pellets prepared by screening and having the grain diameter of 0.4-1.0cm into a sugar coating machine, spraying water and rolling (50r/min) to enable the repairing functional pellets to grow into the pellets with the grain diameter of 0.6-1.2 cm. Taking out, shading and air-drying the mixture to obtain a finished product composite functional material (shown in figure 1), wherein the finished product composite functional material is used for the experimental study of the treatment method of the hardened ditch, and the experimental place is Jiangsu Liyang Shangjingzhen town.
And bagging the finished product of the composite functional material, wherein the weight of each bag is about 20 kg. In a hardened trench of about 200m in length, 5 bales were placed at an interval of about 40 m. And (4) periodically sampling the water body at the front end and the water body at the tail end of the hardened ditch to test the total phosphorus concentration. The concentration of total phosphorus is measured according to a national standard colorimetric method, and the concentration of the total phosphorus sampled at the front end and the rear end is compared to obtain the pollutant removal efficiency calculation n ═ [ (a-b)/a ] × 100% of the hardened channel, wherein a is the concentration of pollutants in the water body at the front end of the hardened channel, and b is the concentration of pollutants in the water body at the tail end of the hardened channel.
Example 2
Firstly, functional materials are prepared, in the embodiment, the components of the repair functional layer of the composite functional material are uniformly mixed by 10 percent of secondary reduced iron powder, 40 percent of sawdust, 20 percent of heavy calcium carbonate, 10 percent of coconut shell biochar and 20 percent of attapulgite. The components of the permeable hard shell layer are uniformly mixed by 11 percent of diatomite, 67 percent of attapulgite and 22 percent of ordinary portland cement. The particle size screening of the materials is carried out according to the condition that the particle size of the sawdust is larger than 25 meshes, and the particle size of the rest materials is larger than 90 meshes. And sodium alginate solution with the mass fraction of 0.5 percent is prepared for bonding.
And then, spraying a part of the mixed materials of the repair function layer on the prepared sodium alginate solution, and stirring to preliminarily form a kernel with lower structural strength. Putting the kernel into a sugar coating machine, adding part of the materials of the ecological restoration function layer, and spraying sodium alginate solution while rolling (45r/min) the sugar coating machine to enable the loose pellets to grow into restoration function pellets with the particle size of 0.4-1.0cm (diameter). And (4) screening to prepare the repairing functional pellets, wherein the pellets with the particle size of less than 0.4cm are used as the inner cores of the materials prepared next time.
Then adding the uniformly mixed permeable hard shell layer material and the repairing functional pellets prepared by screening and having the grain diameter of 0.4-1.0cm into a sugar coating machine, spraying water and rolling (50r/min) to enable the repairing functional pellets to grow into the pellets with the grain diameter of 0.6-1.2 cm. Taking out, shading and air-drying the mixture to obtain a finished product composite functional material (shown in figure 1), wherein the finished product composite functional material is used for the experimental study of the treatment method of the hardened ditch, and the experimental place is Jiangsu Liyang Shangjingzhen town.
And bagging the finished product composite functional material, wherein the weight of each bag is about 30 kg. In a hardened trench of about 200m length, 4 bales were placed at about 45m intervals. And (4) periodically sampling the water body at the front end and the water body at the tail end of the hardened ditch to test the total phosphorus concentration. The concentration of total phosphorus is measured according to a national standard colorimetric method, and the concentration of the total phosphorus sampled at the front end and the rear end is compared to obtain the pollutant removal efficiency calculation n ═ [ (a-b)/a ] × 100% of the hardened channel, wherein a is the concentration of pollutants in the water body at the front end of the hardened channel, and b is the concentration of pollutants in the water body at the tail end of the hardened channel.
Example 3
Firstly, functional materials are prepared, in the embodiment, the components of the repair functional layer of the composite functional material are uniformly mixed by 8 percent of secondary reduced iron powder, 35 percent of sawdust, 15 percent of heavy calcium carbonate, 15 percent of coconut shell biochar and 27 percent of attapulgite. The permeable hard shell layer components are uniformly mixed by 13 percent of diatomite, 70 percent of attapulgite and 27 percent of ordinary portland cement. The particle size screening of the materials is carried out according to the condition that the particle size of the sawdust is larger than 25 meshes, and the particle size of the rest materials is larger than 90 meshes. And sodium alginate solution with the mass fraction of 0.5 percent is prepared for bonding.
And then, spraying a part of the mixed materials of the repair function layer on the prepared sodium alginate solution, and stirring to preliminarily form a kernel with lower structural strength. Putting the kernel into a sugar coating machine, adding part of the materials of the ecological restoration function layer, and spraying sodium alginate solution while rolling (45r/min) the sugar coating machine to enable the loose pellets to grow into restoration function pellets with the particle size of 0.4-1.0cm (diameter). And (4) screening to prepare the repairing functional pellets, wherein the pellets with the particle size of less than 0.4cm are used as the inner cores of the materials prepared next time.
Then adding the uniformly mixed permeable hard shell layer material and the repairing functional pellets prepared by screening and having the grain diameter of 0.4-1.0cm into a sugar coating machine, spraying water and rolling (50r/min) to enable the repairing functional pellets to grow into the pellets with the grain diameter of 0.6-1.2 cm. Taking out, shading and air-drying the mixture to obtain a finished product composite functional material (shown in figure 1), wherein the finished product composite functional material is used for the experimental study of the treatment method of the hardened ditch, and the experimental place is Jiangsu Liyang Shangjingzhen town.
And bagging the finished product composite functional material, wherein the weight of each bag is about 40 kg. In a hardened trench of about 200m in length, 4 bales were placed at an interval of about 50 m. And (4) periodically sampling the water body at the front end and the water body at the tail end of the hardened ditch to test the total phosphorus concentration. The concentration of total phosphorus is measured according to a national standard colorimetric method, and the concentration of the total phosphorus sampled at the front end and the rear end is compared to obtain the pollutant removal efficiency calculation n ═ [ (a-b)/a ] × 100% of the hardened channel, wherein a is the concentration of pollutants in the water body at the front end of the hardened channel, and b is the concentration of pollutants in the water body at the tail end of the hardened channel.
The material in the material bag placed in the hard ditch takes an oxidation-reduction agent, biochar, a natural organic material and a natural porous material as a main body structure, has a porous structure, a large specific surface area, variable interface characteristics and sensitive interface reaction, and can realize comprehensive purification functions such as filtration, precipitation, adsorption, chemical reaction, biodegradation and the like. 2. The material bag used by the invention has natural organic matters, is beneficial to the self-acclimation growth of environmental microorganisms, does not need to inoculate additional microorganisms, and can generate a synergistic effect with the self-acclimation microorganisms to remove water pollutants in a hardened ditch. 3. The material bag used in the invention contains biochar and natural organic matters, and meanwhile, the porous material is enriched with N, P-based nutrient substances, so that a growth matrix and growth nutrients can be provided for the self-growth of environmental plants to ensure the germination and growth of plant seeds, and therefore, after a certain time, the material bag can be placed to grow ecological plants, so that a small ecological system is formed by the ecological plants, the material bag and microorganisms, and the pollution purification capacity and the ecological function of the hardened ditch are improved.
Referring to fig. 2 and 3, fig. 2 and 3 are respectively an average rear line graph of data of interception efficiencies of the three embodiments for total phosphorus pollution and total nitrogen pollution of the hardened trench, and it can be seen from fig. 2 and 3 that when the number of test days is about 40 days, the total phosphorus pollution removal efficiency is close to 80%, and the total nitrogen pollution removal efficiency is close to 60%, and the removal effect is very obvious.
While certain specific embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail by way of illustration, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the foregoing is illustrative only and is not limiting of the scope of the invention, as various modifications or additions may be made to the specific embodiments described and substituted in a similar manner by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the invention as defined in the appending claims. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like made to the above embodiments in accordance with the technical spirit of the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A treatment method of a hardened ditch is characterized by comprising the following steps:
filling a composite functional material into a packaging bag with meshes, wherein the composite functional material comprises a repair functional layer and a permeable hard shell, the permeable hard shell wraps the repair functional layer, and the repair functional layer comprises 5-10% of secondary reduced iron powder, 30-40% of sawdust, 10-20% of heavy calcium carbonate, 5-10% of coconut shell biochar and the balance of attapulgite;
The permeable hard shell comprises 8-13% of diatomite, 65-70% of attapulgite and the balance of ordinary portland cement; and placing the packed functional materials in the ditches at intervals.
2. A remediation method according to claim 1 wherein: the weight of each bag of the composite functional material is 20-40 kg.
3. A remediation method according to claim 1 wherein: the placing interval range is 40-50 m.
4. A remediation method according to claim 1 wherein: the packaging bag is made of degradable natural grass net with the aperture smaller than 0.2 cm.
5. A remediation method according to claim 1 wherein: the repair function layer is spherical with the diameter ranging from 0.4 cm to 1.0 cm.
6. A remediation method according to claim 1 or 5, wherein: the composite functional material is spherical with the diameter of 0.6-1.2 cm.
7. A remediation method according to claim 1 wherein: the particle size of the wood chips is larger than 25 meshes.
8. A remediation method according to claim 1 wherein: the materials in the repair function layer are mixed and pasted through 0.5% sodium alginate solution.
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