CN109097062A - A kind of rice straw-clay composite soil conditioner and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
A kind of rice straw-clay composite soil conditioner and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of rice straw-clay composite soil conditioner and preparation method thereof, raw materials are as follows: 20-70 parts of rice straw powders, 30-80 parts of natural porous clays, 5-25 parts of binders, 1-5 parts of charing auxiliary agents, 80-150 parts of deionized waters.Through mixing, pugging, molding, dress 105-125 DEG C of casket drying, envelope 350-650 DEG C of casket roasting to get.Compared with prior art, the present invention, can be in normal oxygen-containing roasting kiln roasting using envelope casket, and without inert atmosphere gas shielded, exhaust emissions amount is minimum.Prepared conditioner overcome traditional straw charcoal specific gravity easily with water translocation loss, heavy metal stabilization efficiency is lower the defects of, it has straw charcoal and adobe ingredient concurrently, nutrients such as the gas permeability of soil, passivation soil activation heavy metal, conditioning soil pH, increase soil ion exchange capacity, supplement Si, Ca, Mg, P, K and other effects can be significantly improved after soil application.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to agriculture and forestry organic waste material resource utilization and soil remediation fields, and in particular to a kind of rice straw-is glutinous
Native composite soil conditioner and preparation method thereof.
Background technique
The stalk amount that crops generate is up to 900,000,000 tons, the stalk amount accounting highest that rice straw is generated in crops, up to 200,000,000
Ton.The comprehensive Utilization Ways of stalk mainly have returning to the field (three kinds of decomposition into field, mulching and returning, Mechanical Crushing direct returning to farmland main moulds
Formula), feed processing, straw fuel gas, straw burning power generation, civilian manufactured goods etc..Wherein make livestock feed for about 200,000,000 tons, 0.2 hundred million tons
Make commercial paper or the raw material of industry, 1.8 hundred million tons are used by peasant as life fuel, and 100,000,000 tons of broken careless returning to the field make fertilizer, are left 4
Hundred million tons of stalk almost all burn-ups are abandoned on field side.A large amount of stalk is incinerated and heap is abandoned everywhere, not only causes resource
Waste, also result in atmosphere pollution, a large amount of society such as soil degradation, fire incident, traffic jam, look of a village are destroyed, it is economical and
Ecological problem, pushing stalk comprehensive utilization is a big important topic.
Charcoal is biomass (such as various plant residues, sludge, feces of livestock and poultry) in the closed environment of oxygen-limited condition
(<700 DEG C) pyrogenous origin one kind is rich in carbon (C%>=60%), property stabilization, has under the conditions of relatively low temperature
The solid product of different degrees of aromatization.Charcoal have aromatic ring macromolecular structure, in the soil have higher inertia and
Anti- degradability.Because having more flourishing pore structure and surface functional group abundant, charcoal can effectively improve soil sun
Ion exchange capacity (CEC) and retentiveness reduce mineral element and are lost, mineral element utilization efficiency improved, to farmland nitrogen (N), phosphorus
(P) water eutrophication caused by being lost has important control action.In addition, due to containing a large amount of mineral ash contents (with K, Ca,
Based on Na, Mg), charcoal is in alkaline (pH > 7), and enhances with the raising alkalinity of pyrolysis temperature mostly.So charcoal can be with
It is effectively improved soil texture, soil pH is adjusted, improves acid soil；Water conservation, fertilizer conservation, getting fat；Adsorb heavy metal-polluted soil；Promote to make
Object volume increase and other effects.
Agricultural crop straw is the important source material of charcoal processing, carbonizes the products such as often association gaseous state, liquid in process,
Carbonization method for straws and equipment etc. are studied by more attention.
Nanjing Forestry University provides in CN1563277A and a kind of produces straw charcoal and stalk vinegar liquid with agricultural crop straw
Method, by agricultural crop straw be packed into retort in, by 300-600 DEG C of time 4-12h it is oxygen barrier or limit oxygen under be pyrolyzed, through overdrying
Dry, pre- charing, charing, calcination stage, solid obtain straw charcoal through cooling, and pyrolysis gas obtains stalk vinegar liquid through gas-liquid separation and can
Combustion gas body, combustible gas can loopback combustion chamber offer heat sources.
Tanghe Yixuan County Environmental Protection Equipment Co., Ltd. discloses a kind of production method of straw charcoal in CN103937517A,
It is that the flammable plant such as stalk is subjected to compression molding, is then placed in retort and is carbonized, work continuously and obtain straw charcoal
Method: raw material is compressed first, then by compressed raw material be put into circular form feeding device enter retort, adjustment charing
In-furnace temperature, the gases such as carbon monoxide generated in the water being discharged in raw material, tar and production process, later adjustment charing
Temperature in furnace to 650 DEG C, at this time raw material at high temperature destructive distillation at charcoal；Finished product cools down stand-by after coming out of the stove；Circular form feeding device
It is the carrier that raw material enters furnace, and finished product is carried to the carrier come out of the stove, it makes raw material enter furnace while finished product capable of being made to come out of the stove, this sets
The standby use that moves in circles, makes to produce lasting progress；Gas decomposer is the water, vapour, combustible gas generated in raw material carbonization process
Body etc. is decomposited from raw material to be come, and be heated vaporization discharge retort；Current product is solved containing carbon density is small, calorific value is low, substandard products
Rate height, problem at high cost.
Dalian Xing Long cultivates new energy development Co., Ltd and then discloses a kind of environment-friendly type agricultural crop straw in CN104119934A
Charcoal production and tar, haze tallow liquid recovery system, including conveyer and air-introduced machine, it is characterised in that conveying and dedusting in systems
Installed retort between device, tar separator installed between deduster and gas-liquid separator, gas-liquid separator with draw
Haze tallow liquid/gas separator has been installed between blower.The inner walls block of retort has refractory brick, and centre is equipped with air duct, and here is cooling
Layer；Tar separator upper part of the housing equably fills more double fluid tube banks, is equipped with tar recovery layer in the body of lower end.The invention is by stalk
It is converted to charcoal, saves a large amount of energy, has recycled tar and haze tallow liquid valuable cargo；Labor intensity is low, is conducive to environment guarantor
Shield, pollution-free, stable product quality, high production efficiency.
Improvement producing equipment is essentially consisted in the research and development main flow direction of straw charcoal preparation method, it is such as burnt to increase association by-product
The recycling and utilization of oil, wood vinegar, combustible gas.Prepared by straw carbon due to biggish specific surface area, flammable, flourishing hole
Structure and surface functional group abundant, derived product is numerous, such as solid fuel, water suction cat litter, bio-fertilizer, soil conditioner
Deng providing feasible direction and method for the resource utilization of agricultural stalk.
As University Of Agriculture and Forestry In Fujian provided in CN101967416A a kind of crop straw carbide alcohol-loaded solid fuel and
Preparation method.Crop material is carbonized 1h-4h at 250 DEG C -500 DEG C, obtain crop material after dry, dissection first
Carbide；Then by the industrial alcohol of 100 parts by weight, it is molten that the alcohol containing gelling agent is mixed to get with the gelling agent of 1-5 parts by weight
Liquid；The carbide for being further used as object stalk, which is inhaled, carries the alcoholic solution containing gelling agent, obtains the combustion of crop straw carbide alcohol-loaded solid
Material.The solid alcohol fuel has both the compound combustion characteristic of charcoal and alcohol, has gelling agent dosage few, combustion process flame stabilization, no
Avalanche trickling, without black smoke, free from extraneous odour, burning time is long, residue is few, has the remarkable advantages such as heat insulation effect.
Wuhu You Pai amenities Co., Ltd discloses one kind using modified straw charcoal as base in CN104396777A
Strong water suction cat litter, which is characterized in that be made of the raw material of following parts by weight: modified straw charcoal 35-40, corn stover
12-14, rice straw pulp 5-7, lime 3-5, dregs of beans 10-13, volcanic rock 6-8, pregelatinized starch 6.5-8, konjaku flour 3-5, waterglass
3-4, polyvinyl alcohol 2.5-3.5, water 45-50；By retort modified straw is made in straw and municipal sludge etc. by it
Charcoal, light as the base of cat litter of the present invention, adsorption effect is good, has good water suction deodorization, and sustained-release antibacterial, flavouring
Effect；The ingredients such as dregs of beans, volcanic rock are added in outer cladding layer, enhance the absorption property of cat litter, water absorbing capacity is more reinforced
Strength.
Jiangsu Province Lvdunzhibao Agriculture Chemical Experiment Co., Ltd discloses a kind of compound organic micro- life in CN103232272A
Object bacterial manure and its manufacturing method, humic acid 5-30 parts by weight, agricultural crop straw charcoal 10-30 parts by weight or rice husk meal 20-30 weight
Part, animal wastes 10-30 parts by weight；Agricultural crop straw charcoal or rice husk meal are crushed to 80-100 mesh, humic acid powder is broken to 80-
100 mesh, animal wastes heating, drying sterilizing, by spare as carrier material after said ratio mixing；Take the mixing life of 3-5 parts by weight
Object preparation is mixed evenly with spare carrier material 800-900 parts by weight, adjusts humidity 20-30%, enters the closed hair of pit
Ferment, ferments 48-60 hours by 10-50 DEG C of temperature, and taking-up is granulated in 40 DEG C or less 18% or less water content.This bacterial manure is to facility
The continuous cropping such as strawberry field has significant inhibition soil-borne disease and promotion growth, and amount of increase in production reaches 10-30%, blooms ahead of time
As a result, amount of increase in production reaches 10-30%.
Chengdu XinKeLi chemical engineering Science Co., Ltd discloses a kind of straw charring returning to the field soil in CN107266196A
Modifying agent and preparation method are pre-separated phenol, ethyl alcohol etc. by straw charring, obtain straw charcoal, brown coal powder, adsorb the wooden vinegar
The soil conditioner of the zeolite composition of liquid, can promote the soil particle of dispersion to reunite, form granule, increase water in soil and stablize
The content and stability of granule improve ventilating permeable, water-retaining property, nutrient preserving capability.
Zhejiang University CN102422734A relates to the use of the method for rice straw charing returning to the field improvement water paddy soil, step
It is as follows: 1) by rice straw in 350-450 DEG C of pyrolysis charring at rice straw biomass carbon, be crushed to 50-80 mesh；2) rice is broadcast
1-2 weeks plowed soils before kind, ploughed depth 10-25cm apply compound potassium sulfate fertilizer 25kg/ mus, N in compound potassium sulfate fertilizer:
P2O5:K2Then rice straw biomass carbon is imposed on upper soll layer by O=15:15:15, turning over keeps biomass carbon and soil abundant
Mix, amount of application by weight: 1 part of soil, 0.4-1.5 parts of straw biomass charcoal.This method is low in cost, without secondary dirt
Dye, can improve soil physico-chemical property, increase soil fertility, and increase field productivity.
Emphasis of the Heavy Metal Pollution Control as agricultural land soil reparation at present, excellent heavy metal are passivated class soil conditioner
Soil activation heavy metal amount can be not only significantly reduced, and long-term cropping content of beary metal can be reduced and guarantee food safety.Straw base
Soil conditioning product is mostly that corresponding straw charcoal (being partially stalk directly biology corruption) first is made in stalk to be subject to benefit
With, there is the problems such as pollution weight, complex process (oxygen barrier or logical indifferent gas, fraction collection separation) in producing process, it is manufactured at
Product charcoal in soil remediation first is that straw charcoal applies directly as product, there are specific gravity easily with soil erosion, again
The deficiencies of stabilized metal efficiency is lower；Two are formed into compatibility straw charcoal soil conditioning product, be mostly after obtaining straw charcoal again
With obtained by other components mixture, lack the optimization of technique coupling.
Summary of the invention
In order to solve the above technical problems, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of rice straw-clay composite soil conditionings
Agent, it is intended to resource utilization rice straw, and with the compound preparation of porous natural clay, reduce cost, obtain preferable soil weight
Metal passivation effect.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a kind of rice straw-clay composite soil conditioner preparation method, benefits
Controlled atmosphere is solved the problems, such as with envelope casket technique, and locks part straw splitting component using the clay adsorption being added, and is reduced dirty
Contaminate the discharge of object.
Specific technical solution of the present invention is as follows:
A kind of rice straw-clay composite soil conditioner provided by the invention, the raw material including following parts by weight:
20-70 parts of rice straw powders, 30-80 parts of natural porous clays, 5-25 parts of binders, 1-5 parts of charings auxiliary agents, 80-
150 parts of deionized waters.
A kind of preparation method of rice straw-clay composite soil conditioner provided by the invention, comprising the following steps:
1) mixing: by weight, successively weigh 20-70 parts rice straw powder, 1-5 parts of charings auxiliary agents, 30-80 parts of day
Right adobe, 5-25 parts of binder, 80-150 parts of deionized water, mixing obtain wet pug；
2) pugging: by wet pug made from step 1), being put into normal pressure pugging in pug mill, enters back into vacuum pugging and practices
Mud；
3) extruded moulding；
4) dress casket drying；
5) envelope casket roasting；
6) it opens casket feeding: will be opened after the saggar cooling of firing, obtain rice straw-clay composite soil conditioner.
Rice straw powder described in step 1), by the rice straw Integral-crushing gained dried after gathering in, granularity 30-
100 mesh, moisture content < 12%.Being crushed to the granularity facilitates extruded moulding, and controls moisture content and can guarantee depositing for a long time for stalk
Put without putrefaction.The component can be transformed into straw charcoal after subsequent drying roasting, can effectively increase the hole of molding soil conditioner
Degree, provides tradable cation, and can effectively adsorb heavy metal, inhibits the migration of heavy metal Cd and reduces plant absorption wind
Danger is one of the main side of soil conditioner.
Natural porous clay described in step 1), selected from one of diatomite, sepiolite, attapulgite or bentonite or
A variety of compositions, granularity are 100-200 mesh.The readily available preferable molding effect of the granularity, and adobe is roasted through subsequent drying
There is pore canal system abundant after burning, provide tradable cation, and can effectively adsorb heavy metal, inhibit moving for heavy metal Cd
Plant absorption risk is moved and reduced, is one of the main side of soil conditioner.
Binder described in step 1), selected from one of carboxymethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose or methylcellulose
Or it is several.Clay, rice straw powder can be bonded together well, enhance shaped article intensity；And in subsequent drying and roasting
Middle charing can improve the air-and water-permeable performance of finished product.
Charing auxiliary agent described in step 1), selected from one or more of phosphoric acid, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate or potassium dihydrogen phosphate.?
The component promotes the decarboxylation of stalk, deshydroxy process in roasting process, and reinforcing straw carbonization process, P, K element can also increase soil
Fertility.
Pugging step described in step 2), specially normal pressure pugging 0.5-2h, pugging 0.5- under the conditions of vacuum 0.09Mpa
1h.The step be mainly used for remove mixture in moisture, adsorbed gas, enhance the plasticity and compactness of pug, be conducive to it is subsequent
The column of extrusion acquisition higher-strength.
Extruded moulding described in step 3) specifically: squeeze the pug after step 2) pugging in horizontal screw extruder
Cylindrical particle is made out, column diameter is 3-6mm, length 4-8mm；Graininess is made, can by clay and charcoal cohere come
The risk that charcoal is lost with water flow is reduced, even and if being crushed the admixture for nor affecting on clay and charcoal after molding.
Step 4) the dress casket drying specifically: particle after molding is packed into open saggar, in 105-125 DEG C of baking oven or does
Dry kiln drying 4-8h；The large quantity of moisture of shaped granule can be removed, vapour quantity is excessive when preventing step 5) from sealing casket causes to seal
Not tight adverse consequences.
The roasting of envelope casket described in step 5) specifically: cover the open saggar equipped with particle after drying, envelope casket, in roasting
4-12h is roasted at 350-650 DEG C of kiln；Open saggar covers, the method for envelope casket is with wet cream mud along saggar and saggar lid
Gap is smeared, smearing thickness 2-3mm.The sealing of cream mud is kept first is that can maintain the micro-positive pressure in saggar during straw charring
Oxygen deprivation and anaerobic state in system；Second is that this kind of extensive sealing of sealing clay can change and local discharge with saggar air pressure inside,
Prevent saggar internal pressure excessively high.The step is the committed step of straw charring, and the use of saggar can be without using controlled atmosphere.
At a temperature of 350-650 DEG C, effectively stalk can be changed to charcoal, and due to closed environment, some straw charring processes
The weak volatile materials such as the tar of middle decomposition further can carbonize or be adsorbed on adobe surface, increase the available of finished product
Property charcoal source, and be oxygen-enriched environment due to roasting environment outside saggar, effumability organic gas then can become two by second-time burning
Carbonoxide and water greatly reduce the discharge of exhaust gas.
In step 6) specifically: after being cooled to 60 DEG C or less, open saggar.The specific method for opening saggar are as follows: soft
Wooden mallet laterally taps saggar lid, and the lateral saggar lid that taps can separate it with the dislocation of saggar main body, takes out the particle of firing
Type rice straw-sticks composite soil conditioner.
A kind of rice straw-clay composite soil conditioner provided by the present invention, water body Cd eliminating rate of absorption > 98%；
Rice Cropping potted plant experiment through Anhui Cd polluted farmland soil confirms, it is (equivalent to apply the composite conditioner 0.188%
300kg/ mus), effectively cadmium rate > 60%, rate of growth > 12% drop in the Cd range of decrease > 40%, rice grain in soil.
Compared with prior art, a kind of rice straw-clay composite soil conditioner provided by the invention and its preparation side
Method has following advantages:
1) straw powder of composite soil conditioner selection, natural clay powder are cheap and easy to get, and amount can be processed greatly, can meet a large amount of
Return the demand of field resource utilization.
2) component that composite soil conditioner is chosen compares reported animal excreta without bringing into property heavy metal pollution risk
Just, the safeties such as lignite are higher.
3) preparation method provided by the invention, which uses the measures such as dress casket prebake, envelope casket roasting, can effectively realize that isolation is empty
The effect of gas can all be fired, and be not necessarily to inertia without special design roasting kiln using furnaces such as traditional roller kilns, tunnel ovens
Gas shielded saves the spending at construction indifferent gas gas station.
4) sealing after casket can effectively change stalk to charcoal under the roasting condition, and due to closed environment, some
The weak volatile materials such as the tar decomposed during straw charring further can carbonize or be adsorbed on adobe surface, increase
The utilizability charcoal source of finished product, and be oxygen-enriched environment due to roasting environment outside saggar, effumability organic gas then can be by two
Secondary burning becomes carbon dioxide and water, greatly reduces the discharge of exhaust gas.
5) adobe has pore canal system abundant after subsequent drying roasting, provides tradable cation, and can
Effectively absorption heavy metal inhibits the migration of heavy metal Cd and reduces plant absorption risk, is applied in combination with rice straw charcoal, through pacifying
The Rice Cropping potted plant experiment of emblem Cd polluted farmland soil confirms, applies the composite conditioner 0.188% (equivalent 300kg/
Mu), effectively cadmium rate > 60%, rate of growth > 12% drop in the Cd range of decrease > 40%, rice grain in soil.
Compared with prior art, the resource utilization based on rice straw it is glutinous to be developed a kind of rice straw-by the present invention
Native composite soil conditioner, proposes feasible and effective preparation method, also adapts to agricultural land soil and administers especially rice agricultural land soil
The great market demand that heavy metal is administered and repaired, can get fabulous Social benefit and economic benefit.
Specific embodiment
The following describes the present invention in detail with reference to examples.
Stalk used in the following embodiments of the present invention and comparative example, from City of Wuhu in Anhui somewhere, moisture content is
8%, it is stand-by that it is crushed to 20 mesh, 30 mesh, 100 mesh respectively.
Cd contaminated soil used in the following embodiments of the present invention and comparative example, from Anhui city, Cd full dose is 0.96mg/
Kg, active Cd leaching content are 0.37mg/kg (calcium chloride extraction).
Embodiment 1
A kind of preparation method of rice straw-clay composite soil conditioner comprising the steps of:
1) mixing: by weight, rice straw powder (30 mesh), 1kg phosphoric acid (85%), the 50kg bumps of 20kg are successively weighed
The deionized water of stick soil (100-200 mesh), the diatomite (100-200 mesh) of 30kg, the carboxymethyl cellulose of 20kg, 100kg,
Enter mixing in horizontal ribbon batch mixer, obtains wet pug；
2) pugging: by wet pug made from step 1), it is put into normal pressure pugging 1h in pug mill, in vacuum deairing machine
0.09MPa vacuum pugging 0.5h；
3) form: the pug after pugging squeezes out in horizontal screw extruder is made cylindrical particle diameter 6mm；
4) dress casket drying: particle after molding is packed into open saggar, dries 6h in 105-125 DEG C of industrial oven；
5) envelope casket roasting: the open saggar equipped with particle after drying is covered, envelope casket, is roasted at 550 DEG C of roasting kiln
4h；
6) it opens casket feeding: the saggar of firing being cooled to 60 DEG C and is laterally tapped hereinafter, being hammered into shape with cork, it can be by saggar lid and casket
The dislocation separation of alms bowl main body, is opened, and gained particle is rice straw-clay composite soil conditioner in saggar.
It is 91.0kg, yield 75.3% that soil conditioner weight, which is made, by this method.
Rice straw made from the present embodiment-clay composite soil conditioner tests its Cd inactivating performance: water body Cd absorption
Removal experiment, the Cd solution 200mL of 0.5mg/L add rice straw-clay composite soil conditioner of 0.1g preparation, 4h absorption
Cd removal efficiency is 99.3% ± 0.5% afterwards；Rice Cropping potted plant experiment through Anhui Cd polluted farmland soil confirms, applies
The composite conditioner 0.188% (300kg/ mu equivalent), effective Cd range of decrease 46% ± 2% (calcium chloride extraction) in soil, water
Cadmium rate 69% ± 3%, rate of growth 13% ± 1% drop in rice seed.
Embodiment 2
A kind of preparation method of rice straw-clay composite soil conditioner comprising the steps of:
1) mixing: by weight, rice straw powder (100 mesh), the 0.5kg phosphoric acid (85%), 1kg phosphorus of 40kg are successively weighed
Acid dihydride potassium, 20kg attapulgite (100-200 mesh), 10kg diatomite (100-200 mesh), 30kg sepiolite (100-200
Mesh), the deionized water of the hydroxypropyl cellulose of 10kg, the methylcellulose of 10kg, 100kg, pour into horizontal ribbon batch mixer
Mixing obtains wet pug；
2) pugging: by wet pug made from step 1), it is put into normal pressure pugging 1h in pug mill, in vacuum deairing machine
0.09MPa vacuum pugging 0.5h；
3) form: the pug after pugging squeezes out in horizontal screw extruder is made cylindrical particle diameter 4mm；
4) dress casket drying: particle after molding is packed into open saggar, dries 6h in 105-125 DEG C of industrial oven；
5) envelope casket roasting: the open saggar equipped with particle after drying is covered, envelope casket, is roasted at 450 DEG C of roasting kiln
6h is cooled to 60 DEG C or less；
6) it opens casket feeding: the saggar of firing being cooled to 60 DEG C and is laterally tapped hereinafter, being hammered into shape with cork, it can be by saggar lid and casket
The dislocation separation of alms bowl main body, is opened, and gained particle is rice straw-clay composite soil conditioner in saggar.
It is 76.95kg, yield 64.1% that soil conditioner weight, which is made, by this method.
Rice straw made from the present embodiment-clay composite soil conditioner tests its Cd inactivating performance: water body Cd absorption
Removal experiment, the Cd solution 200mL of 0.5mg/L add 0.1g rice straw-clay composite soil conditioner, and Cd is gone after 4h absorption
Except efficiency is 99.8% ± 0.2%；Rice Cropping potted plant experiment through Anhui Cd polluted farmland soil confirms, it is compound to apply this
Conditioner 0.188% (converts into 300kg/ mus), effective Cd range of decrease 43% ± 2% in soil, and rice grain drop cadmium rate 64% ±
3%, rate of growth 19% ± 1%.
Embodiment 3
A kind of preparation method of rice straw-clay composite soil conditioner comprising the steps of:
1) mixing: by weight, rice straw powder (30 mesh), the 0.5kg potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.5kg of 30kg are successively weighed
Dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, 30kg attapulgite (100-200 mesh), 20kg sepiolite (100-200 mesh), 10kg bentonite (100-200
Mesh), the deionized water of 10kg diatomite (100-200 mesh), the carboxymethyl cellulose of 5kg, the methylcellulose of 5kg, 120kg,
Mixing in horizontal ribbon batch mixer is poured into, wet pug is obtained；
2) pugging: by wet pug made from step 1), it is put into normal pressure pugging 1h in pug mill, in vacuum deairing machine
0.09MPa vacuum pugging 0.5h；
3) form: the pug after pugging squeezes out in horizontal screw extruder is made cylindrical particle diameter 6mm；
4) dress casket drying: particle after molding is packed into open saggar, dries 8h in 105-125 DEG C of industrial oven；
5) envelope casket roasting: the open saggar equipped with particle after drying is covered, envelope casket, is roasted at 500 DEG C of roasting kiln
4h is cooled to 60 DEG C or less；
6) it opens casket feeding: the saggar of firing being cooled to 60 DEG C and is laterally tapped hereinafter, being hammered into shape with cork, it can be by saggar lid and casket
The dislocation separation of alms bowl main body, is opened, and gained particle is rice straw-clay composite soil conditioner in saggar.
It is 79.7kg, yield 71.8% that soil conditioner weight, which is made, by this method.
Rice straw made from the present embodiment-clay composite soil conditioner tests its Cd inactivating performance: water body Cd absorption
Removal experiment, the Cd solution 200mL of 0.5mg/L add 0.1g rice straw-clay composite soil conditioner, and Cd is gone after 4h absorption
Except efficiency is 99.7% ± 0.2%；Rice Cropping potted plant experiment through Anhui Cd polluted farmland soil confirms, it is compound to apply this
Conditioner 0.188% (converts into 300kg/ mus), effective Cd range of decrease 48% ± 2% in soil, and rice grain drop cadmium rate 70% ±
3%, rate of growth 16% ± 1%.
Comparative example 1
A kind of preparation method of rice straw-clay composite soil conditioner comprising the steps of:
1) mixing: by weight, successively weigh the rice straw powder (20 mesh) of 10kg, 90kg bentonite (100-200 mesh),
The deionized water of the carboxymethyl cellulose of 4kg, 100kg, pours into mixing in horizontal ribbon batch mixer, obtains wet pug；
2) pugging: by wet pug made from step 1), it is put into normal pressure pugging 0.5h in pug mill, in vacuum deairing machine
0.09MPa vacuum pugging 0.5h；
3) form: the pug after pugging squeezes out in horizontal screw extruder is made cylindrical particle diameter 6mm；
4) dress casket drying: particle after molding is packed into open saggar, dries 6h in 105-125 DEG C of industrial oven；
5) envelope casket roasting: the open saggar equipped with particle after drying is covered, envelope casket, is roasted at 700 DEG C of roasting kiln
4h is cooled to 60 DEG C or less；
6) it opens casket feeding: saggar after cooling will be fired and opened, gained particle is that rice straw-clay is compound in saggar
Soil conditioner.
It is 95.6kg, yield 91.9% that soil conditioner weight, which is made, by this method.
Rice straw made from this comparative example-clay composite soil conditioner tests its Cd inactivating performance: water body Cd absorption
Removal experiment, the Cd solution 200mL of 0.5mg/L add 0.1g soil conditioner, after 4h absorption Cd removal efficiency be 99.6% ±
0.4%；Rice Cropping potted plant experiment through Anhui Cd polluted farmland soil confirms, applies (the folding of composite conditioner 0.188%
Close 300kg/ mu), the effective Cd range of decrease 31% ± 6% (calcium chloride extraction) in soil, rice grain drop cadmium rate 41% ± 6%,
Rate of growth 6% ± 2%.
Comparative example 2
A kind of preparation method of rice straw-clay composite soil conditioner comprising the steps of:
1) mixing: by weight, rice straw powder (20 mesh), the 10kg attapulgite (100-200 of 90kg are successively weighed
Mesh), the deionized water of the methylcellulose of 30kg, 100kg, pour into mixing in horizontal ribbon batch mixer, obtain wet pug；
2) pugging: by wet pug made from step 1), it is put into normal pressure pugging 2h in pug mill, in vacuum deairing machine
0.09MPa vacuum pugging 1h；
3) form: the pug after pugging squeezes out in horizontal screw extruder is made cylindrical particle diameter 6mm；
4) dress casket drying: particle after molding is packed into open saggar, dries 6h in 105-125 DEG C of industrial oven；
5) envelope casket roasting: the open saggar equipped with particle after drying is covered, envelope casket, is roasted at 680 DEG C of roasting kiln
4h is cooled to 60 DEG C or less；
6) it opens casket feeding: saggar after cooling will be fired and opened, gained particle is that rice straw-clay is compound in saggar
Soil conditioner.
It is 61.4kg, yield 47.2% that soil conditioner weight, which is made, by this method.
Rice straw made from this comparative example-clay composite soil conditioner tests its Cd inactivating performance: water body Cd absorption
Removal experiment, the Cd solution 200mL of 0.5mg/L add 0.1g soil conditioner, and Cd removal efficiency is 70.2% after 4h absorption；Through
The Rice Cropping potted plant experiment of Anhui Cd polluted farmland soil confirms, applies the composite conditioner 0.188% (equivalent 300kg/
Mu), cadmium rate 45% ± 4% drops in the effective Cd range of decrease 29 ± 8% (calcium chloride extraction) in soil, rice grain, rate of growth 14 ±
2%.
It is above-mentioned to be retouched in detail referring to embodiment to what a kind of rice straw-clay composite soil conditioner preparation method carried out
It states, is illustrative without being restrictive, several embodiments can be enumerated according to limited range, therefore do not departing from this
Change and modification under invention general plotting should belong within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of rice straw-clay composite soil conditioner, which is characterized in that the rice straw-clay composite soil tune
Reason agent includes the raw material of following parts by weight:
20-70 parts of rice straw powders, 30-80 parts of natural porous clays, 5-25 parts of binders, 1-5 parts of charing auxiliary agents, 80-150 parts
Deionized water.
2. a kind of preparation method of rice straw described in claim 1-clay composite soil conditioner, which is characterized in that institute
State preparation method the following steps are included:
1) mixing: by weight, successively weigh 20-70 parts rice straw powder, 1-5 parts of charing auxiliary agents, 30-80 parts natural more
Hole clay, 5-25 parts of binder, 80-150 parts of deionized water, mixing, obtain wet pug；
2) pugging: by wet pug made from step 1), it is put into normal pressure pugging in pug mill, enters back into pugging in vacuum pugging；
3) extruded moulding；
4) dress casket drying；
5) envelope casket roasting；
6) it opens casket feeding: will be opened after the saggar cooling of firing, obtain rice straw-clay composite soil conditioner.
3. preparation method according to claim 2, which is characterized in that rice straw powder described in step 1), after gathering in
Obtained by the rice straw Integral-crushing of sunning, granularity is 30-100 mesh, moisture content < 12%.
4. preparation method according to claim 2, which is characterized in that natural porous clay described in step 1) is selected from silicon
One of diatomaceous earth, sepiolite, attapulgite or bentonite or a variety of compositions, granularity are 100-200 mesh.
5. preparation method according to claim 2, which is characterized in that charing auxiliary agent described in step 1) is selected from phosphoric acid, phosphorus
One or more of sour hydrogen dipotassium or potassium dihydrogen phosphate.
6. preparation method according to claim 2, which is characterized in that pugging step, specially normal pressure described in step 2)
Pugging 0.5-1h under the conditions of pugging 0.5-2h, vacuum 0.09Mpa.
7. preparation method according to claim 2, which is characterized in that extruded moulding described in step 3) specifically: will
Pug after step 2) pugging squeezes out in horizontal screw extruder is made cylindrical particle, and column diameter is 3-6mm, length 4-
8mm。
8. preparation method according to claim 2, which is characterized in that step 4) the dress casket drying specifically: after molding
Particle be packed into open saggar, in 105-125 DEG C of baking oven or dry kiln drying 4-8h.
9. preparation method according to claim 2, which is characterized in that the roasting of envelope casket described in step 5) specifically: will fill
There is the open saggar of particle after drying to cover, envelope casket, roasts 4-12h at 350-650 DEG C of roasting kiln.
10. preparation method according to claim 2, which is characterized in that in step 6) specifically: be cooled to 60 DEG C or less
Afterwards, saggar is opened.
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| CN109536178A (en) * | 2018-12-29 | 2019-03-29 | 芜湖格丰环保科技研究院有限公司 | A kind of baking-free type rice straw base soil conditioner and preparation method thereof |
| CN109865740A (en) * | 2019-02-14 | 2019-06-11 | 中国科学院地球化学研究所 | A method of calcareous Paddy Soils rice enrichment inorganic mercury and methyl mercury are reduced using bentonite combination charcoal |
| CN111943778A (en) * | 2020-08-20 | 2020-11-17 | 甘肃省农业科学院土壤肥料与节水农业研究所 | Organic agricultural acid soil potassium conditioner |
| CN113100086A (en) * | 2021-04-22 | 2021-07-13 | 铜陵博锋实业有限公司 | Zeolite cat litter and production process thereof |
| CN114262045A (en) * | 2021-12-27 | 2022-04-01 | 南京大学 | Method for treating hardened ditch |
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| CN109536178A (en) * | 2018-12-29 | 2019-03-29 | 芜湖格丰环保科技研究院有限公司 | A kind of baking-free type rice straw base soil conditioner and preparation method thereof |
| CN109865740A (en) * | 2019-02-14 | 2019-06-11 | 中国科学院地球化学研究所 | A method of calcareous Paddy Soils rice enrichment inorganic mercury and methyl mercury are reduced using bentonite combination charcoal |
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| CN111943778B (en) * | 2020-08-20 | 2022-03-25 | 甘肃省农业科学院土壤肥料与节水农业研究所 | Organic agricultural acid soil potassium conditioner |
| CN113100086A (en) * | 2021-04-22 | 2021-07-13 | 铜陵博锋实业有限公司 | Zeolite cat litter and production process thereof |
| CN114262045A (en) * | 2021-12-27 | 2022-04-01 | 南京大学 | Method for treating hardened ditch |
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Application publication date: 20181228 |