CN114252505A - Half-side excitation and half-side detection type steel wire rope flaw detector - Google Patents
Half-side excitation and half-side detection type steel wire rope flaw detector Download PDFInfo
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- CN114252505A CN114252505A CN202111680881.2A CN202111680881A CN114252505A CN 114252505 A CN114252505 A CN 114252505A CN 202111680881 A CN202111680881 A CN 202111680881A CN 114252505 A CN114252505 A CN 114252505A
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- G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
- G01N27/72—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating magnetic variables
- G01N27/82—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating magnetic variables for investigating the presence of flaws
- G01N27/83—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating magnetic variables for investigating the presence of flaws by investigating stray magnetic fields
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of nondestructive inspection of steel wire ropes, and discloses a detection principle and an internal structure of a portable flaw detector for semi-side excitation and semi-side detection and simultaneous excitation and detection. The invention aims to provide a novel flaw detector detection model, a novel excitation method, namely half-side permanent magnet excitation, the weight of the flaw detector is designed in a light weight mode, and magnetic reaction force formed by mutual exclusion of magnetic poles in the installation process of the flaw detector is fundamentally avoided. The flaw detector device that designs demonstrates the structure that opens and shuts that half side permanent magnetism excitation half side detected, and wherein half side excitation structure includes: the semi-annular permanent magnet, the transition armature structure, the inner plastic fixed sleeve and the plastic protective shell; half side detection device mainly includes: the detachable bidirectional Hall element placing unit comprises a detachable bidirectional Hall element placing unit, a matched annular positioning sleeve which can be embedded into the placing unit and an embedded semi-shell for collecting, processing, storing and displaying.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of nondestructive testing of steel wire ropes, in particular to an excitation and detection technology for detecting damage of steel wire ropes by an electromagnetic method.
Background
The steel wire rope is a key part of important equipment related to life and production safety, such as hoisting machinery, elevators and the like, and has unique replaceable functions in the processes of lifting, bearing, traction, tensioning and the like. The safe use of the steel wire rope has important social and economic benefits. The nondestructive testing research of the steel wire rope has important significance for safe use of the steel wire rope and avoiding huge economic waste.
The nondestructive testing method for steel wire ropes is various, and includes ultrasonic testing, radiation testing, acoustic emission testing, eddy current testing, electromagnetic testing, mechanical testing, acoustic testing, current testing, optical testing, vibration testing, and the like, which are commonly used in nondestructive testing. Until recently, electromagnetic detection is one of the most practical detection methods currently recognized.
According to different working principles of electromagnetic detection methods, the magnetization modes are classified into alternating current magnetization, direct current magnetization and permanent magnet magnetization. The alternating current magnetization detection precision is low, the sensor is easy to heat and the operation is troublesome; although the direct current magnetization has the advantage of adjustable excitation intensity, the equipment has large weight and complex structure, and matched direct current power supply equipment is required to be provided during working. Due to the limitations of both, these two methods have been phased out in recent years. The permanent magnetic magnetization detection device is small in size, light in weight, convenient to use and low in detection cost, and particularly, the advantages of the permanent magnetic magnetization detection device are more obvious due to the development and application of novel permanent magnetic materials in recent years, so that a large number of permanent magnetic magnetization modes are used in a magnetic detection method.
According to the difference of electromagnetic detection method signal acquisition position and mode, the detection mode at present stage mainly can be divided into strong magnetism detection and weak magnetism detection, and the two all has the application and respectively has thousand autumn in current electromagnetic wire rope flaw detector, nevertheless no matter weak magnetism or strong magnetism detection, the two all possess very big a part weight on excitation device like utility model patent wire rope flaw detector (CN210834761U) and utility model patent wire rope flaw detector (CN 202837240U). For the strong magnetic detection technology, a strong permanent magnet is often adopted to excite the steel wire rope to a supersaturated state, and the magnetic field intensity of the permanent magnet is in a surplus state most of the time.
Most of the existing steel wire rope flaw detectors are simple axial signals or radial signals, and if the two signals are switched, an inner support structure needs to be redesigned or a new flaw detector needs to be newly processed, so that the steel wire rope flaw detector is extremely inconvenient.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention provides a semi-excitation and semi-detection type steel wire rope flaw detector, which not only fundamentally avoids the reaction force due to mutual exclusion of magnetic poles, but also can process the output signal of a hall element nearby, thereby reducing the external interference in the signal transmission process, and simultaneously greatly reducing the self weight due to the removal of the excitation device on one side, thereby realizing further light weight and convenience.
The invention adopts the NdFeB permanent magnet with the model number of N48, and the main magnetic flux direction is radial, so that a stronger magnetic field passes through the inside of the steel wire rope. The complete magnetic path is realized in the instrument by means of the permanent magnet, the steel wire rope and the transitional armature structure. The neodymium iron boron permanent magnet can quickly magnetize the steel wire rope which runs dynamically, and is not influenced by the speed of the steel wire rope.
The invention adopts the plastic shell and the plastic inner supporting sleeve, thereby not only reducing the weight of the instrument, but also ensuring that no other mixed magnetic circuits are left in the flaw detector except the permanent magnet, the steel wire rope and the transition armature structure, and effectively avoiding the waste of the magnetic field.
The Hall element placing unit designed by the invention can be suitable for acquisition modes in various directions. The Hall element is a main sensor for collecting magnetic leakage signals, and can convert the change of the leakage quantity of the magnetic circuit caused by the damage of the steel wire rope into corresponding voltage change, and reversely diagnose the damage of the steel wire rope by the voltage change.
The detachable annular positioning sleeve which is designed to be embedded into the Hall element placing unit can effectively position the Hall element and the replaceable lining, and is composed of four parts, and each part is provided with a positioning device and a supporting device which are matched with each other, so that the sensor is prevented from being damaged due to improper mounting position in the mounting process.
The upper shell designed by the invention can contain other processing units such as amplification, filtering, difference and the like of Hall element signals, processed data can be displayed in a display screen on one side in real time, and a switch operation panel with related functions is arranged beside the display screen.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a front view of the flaw detector of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a rear view of the flaw detector of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the inside structure of the inspection case of the flaw detector of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a 3D printing inner liner according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the installation of the Hall element positioning support installation sleeve of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the upper storage position sleeve according to the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a lower storage position sleeve according to the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of the upper and lower clamping position sleeves of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is an assembly view of the semi-excitation part of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of the half-side excitation principle of the present invention;
FIG. 11 is an exploded view of an integral part of the invention;
the figures are labeled as follows:
01: fastening screw
02: instrument handle
03: detection shell
04: display screen
05: threaded hole
06: USB interface
07: network cable port
08: key operation panel
09: lock catch
10: hall element placing unit
11: inner lining
12: clamping positioning sleeve
13: upper storage positioning sleeve
14: lower storage positioning sleeve
15: plastic inner support sleeve
16: radial permanent magnet
17: transition type armature
18: plastic excitation shell
19: supporting leg
20: three-hole jack
21: lock catch mounting groove
22: quick plug 1 male
23: detecting shell inner side middle cavity
24: end cavity at inner side of detection shell
25: quick plug 1 female head
26: quick plug 2 female head
27: quick plug 3 male
28: positioning groove
29: hall element storage unit matching groove
30: quick plug 3 female head
31: quick plug 2 male
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings:
fig. 1 is a front profile view of the present invention. In fig. 1, an instrument handle (02) is arranged on a detection shell (03) of the flaw detector through a set screw (01) and a threaded hole (05), and the instrument handle (02) is axially arranged so that an operator can use the wire rope flaw detector conveniently. Simultaneously, a data transmission port is arranged on a detection shell (03) on the flaw detector: the network cable port (07) is a USB interface (06). The key operation panel (08) and the display screen (04) in fig. 1 can be correspondingly set and adjusted for processing and displaying different damage types, and simultaneously can display damage signals in real time, thereby realizing real-time monitoring. The network cable port (07) and the USB interface (06) are arranged for outputting data, can output damage data of a certain size of memory, and facilitates later-stage checking and offline processing. The whole detection shell is polygonal, the whole excitation part is semi-cylindrical, and the bottom of the detection shell is provided with a supporting leg (19) which can support the whole equipment to keep balance. The upper and lower shells of the front part are connected by a lock catch (09).
Fig. 2 is a rear view of the present invention showing the outer structure of the inspection case (03) with three-hole jack (20) for supporting the power supply of the integrated flaw detector. And may also be designed as a charging jack. The upper detection shell (03) and the lower plastic excitation shell (18) are still tightly closed by a lock catch (09). The inner bushings (11) fit to the left and right walls of the outer casing in exactly the same way. This direction also has legs (19) which support the whole instrument together with the 2 legs in fig. 1, four legs contributing to the stability.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of a detection housing (03) of the flaw detector of the present invention, in which a bottom view, a side view and a top view thereof are respectively shown for clearly showing the structure of the housing. As seen from the bottom view, lock catch mounting grooves (21) for mounting lock catches (09) are designed on two sides of the upper detection shell (03), and the lock catch mounting grooves (21) and the lock catches (09) are matched together through screws. The whole shell is made of plastic, so that the weight of the flaw detector can be reduced, and the plastic is easy to process and can be changed according to the change of an internal circuit at any time. The shell is designed to be rapidly inserted into and pulled out of the upper storage positioning sleeve part (13), so that data intercommunication between the Hall element and the upper detection shell (03) is realized, and the upper part of the shell in a half-packet shape presents a symmetrical polygon as a whole. The top of the detection device is provided with a threaded hole (05) connected with the handle (02), and the handle (02) and the detection shell (03) are connected together through the threaded hole.
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the replaceable inner liner of the present invention. The inner bushing (11) adopts a 3D printing technology and can adapt to different rope diameters, the inner bushing (11) is two identical half-wrapped parts and is formed by processing non-magnetic conductive materials, and the outer circular surface of the inner bushing (11) is matched with the inner side surface of the upper detection shell (03) and is matched with the plastic inner support sleeve (15) in the lower excitation structure. According to the steel wire ropes with different rope diameters, different inner bushings (11) are replaced, the outer circular surfaces and the inner circular surfaces of the inner bushings change along with the rope diameters of the steel wire ropes, and meanwhile, chamfers are arranged at the end parts of the inner bushings (11) to guarantee smooth passing of the steel wire ropes.
Fig. 5 is an installation schematic diagram of the hall element positioning support installation sleeve of the invention. In the drawing, the Hall element placing unit (10) realizes the placing of the Hall element in the Hall element placing unit (10) with a certain lift-off value and detection direction through the mutual matching of the Hall element storing unit matching groove (29) and the clamping positioning sleeve (12). In the middle chamber (23) of the supreme survey in the detection casing of cooperation that itself can be complete, not only make its axial positioning, the lateral wall of the middle chamber (23) of surveying in the detection casing also can be to its axial positioning, make itself can stabilize be fixed a position in the appearance of detecting a flaw, prevent at wire rope in the testing process, the sensor appears rocking and influences the detection precision.
Fig. 6 and 7 are views showing the construction of the upper and lower storage nests. In order to describe the internal structure of the Hall element locating and supporting mounting sleeve in more detail, a front view, a left view and a right view of an upper storing locating sleeve (13) and a front view and a side view of a lower storing locating sleeve (14) are respectively drawn, as shown in the figure, the internal structures of the upper storing locating sleeve and the lower storing locating sleeve are similar and are respectively a circle of locating grooves (28), and the locating grooves (28) are mainly used for being matched with the upper clamping locating sleeve and the lower clamping locating sleeve (12) to enable the Hall element locating and supporting mounting sleeve to be firm and reliable. The outer lane shape is different, and it is mainly that there is a boss in last below the right side of depositing the position sleeve, and this boss mainly is in order to set up 1 female (25) of quick plug, and 1 female (25) of quick plug can carry out quick plug with 1 public head (22) of quick plug that last detection shell (03) is inboard, realizes that hall element location supports the data communication between the installation cover structure whole and last detection shell (03). As shown in fig. 6, the left side view of the upper storage positioning sleeve (13) is provided with the quick plug 2 male head (31) and the quick plug 3 female head (30), as shown in fig. 7, the left side view of the lower storage positioning sleeve (14) is provided with the quick plug 3 male head (27) and the quick plug 2 female head (26), wherein the quick plug 2 male head (31) and the quick plug 2 female head (26) can be matched to be a whole for quick plugging and unplugging when the positioning sleeves (13) (14) are stored up and down, and similarly, the quick plug 3 male head (27) and the quick plug 3 female head (30) can be matched to be a whole for quick plugging and unplugging when the positioning sleeves (13) (14) are stored up and down.
Fig. 8 is a structural diagram of the pressing positioning sleeve of the invention, because the upper and lower structures are two parts which are identical, here, it is shown by a structure, in the figure, the lug boss and the upper and lower storage positioning sleeves (13) (14) realize complementary fit, the hall element placing unit (10) is clamped by the gap between the two adjacent lug bosses, and the hall element placing unit and the upper and lower storage positioning sleeves (13) (14) realize the full freedom positioning of the hall element.
Fig. 9 is an assembly schematic diagram of the excitation part of the present invention, and it can be seen from the diagram that the excitation part is integrally and compactly matched, and the innermost side is a plastic inner support sleeve (15) which mainly functions to limit and position the radial permanent magnet (16), and the radial permanent magnet (16) has two blocks at two ends. The outer side of the radial permanent magnet (16) is provided with a transitional armature (17) which forms the main structural part of the excitation part, and the outermost side is provided with a plastic excitation shell (18) which protects the internal transitional armature (17) and the radial permanent magnet (16). The bottom of the plastic excitation shell (18) is provided with 4 supporting legs (19). The shell adopts a plastic shell, the weight of the flaw detector is reduced, and the protective effect can be achieved.
Fig. 10 is a schematic diagram of the half-side excitation principle in the present invention, which is also the most important technology in the present invention. The excitation mode is different from the previous excitation mode and the excitation mode used in the market, the radial semi-ring permanent magnet on the half side is only used for magnetizing the steel wire rope, the magnetizing direction is radial, the radial magnetizing mode enables the steel wire rope to reach the saturated state faster, and meanwhile, the radial permanent magnet (16) adopts the NdFeB strong-magnetic permanent magnet of N48, so that the steel wire rope can reach the saturated state fast. Compared with a full-circle permanent magnet excitation mode, the half-side permanent magnet excitation mode obtained through an actual experiment can acquire the damage signal of the steel wire rope, and has little influence on the accuracy of the damage signal. As can be seen from fig. 10, the permanent magnet excitation manner of the half side also conforms to the principle of electromagnetic detection, i.e., the steel wire rope is magnetized, if there is a damage in the steel wire rope, the magnetic field is leaked out of the steel wire rope when the steel wire rope is damaged, and the damage condition of the steel wire rope is determined by detecting the leaked magnetic leakage field through a corresponding sensor (the device adopts a hall element). In the figure, the direction of an arrow is the direction of a magnetic field, the direction of the magnetic field of the radial permanent magnet (16) on the right side points to the inner side, the radial permanent magnet on the left side points to the outer side in a matching mode, so that the steel wire rope forms a magnetic field from right to left in the middle of two magnetic poles, and then a magnetic circuit of the radial permanent magnet on the right side (16), the steel wire rope, the radial permanent magnet on the left side (16), the transition armature (17) and the radial permanent magnet on the right side (16) circulates through the connection of the transition armature (17).
The invention adopts a half-side excitation mode, compared with the full axial excitation mode of the traditional steel wire rope flaw detector, the structure is not simplified, the weight of the flaw detector is reduced, the traditional flaw detector is almost all split type full circumferential excitation, magnetic reaction force is inevitably generated in split part installation, the installation precision is influenced, and certain danger exists.
Claims (7)
1. The utility model provides a wire rope defectoscope of half side excitation half side detection formula which characterized in that includes:
the semi-side permanent magnet magnetizing mode of the steel wire rope enables the flaw detector to generate a detectable memory magnetic field through the semi-side permanent magnet magnetizing mode, and therefore magnetic flux leakage detection of the damaged part is achieved.
The 3D printing inner bushing is adaptable to the diameter of a steel wire rope and matched with the annular positioning sleeve, the inner diameter of the inner bushing is mainly determined by the diameter of the steel wire rope, generally speaking, the inner diameter is slightly larger than the diameter of the steel wire rope, and the outer diameter of the inner bushing is mainly determined by the size of a Hall element positioning support mounting sleeve and an inner plastic fixing sleeve which can be embedded into a Hall element placing unit. Comprises an upper half sleeve and a lower half sleeve
The hall element placing unit that mutually supports and the hall element positioning support mounting sleeve that can imbed hall element placing unit are the design of placing of the main sensor of the appearance of detecting a flaw.
And data acquisition, processing, storage and display of the half-shells on the half sides.
2. The half-side permanent magnet magnetizing method according to claim 1, characterized in that:
the design is provided with two half-ring type radial permanent magnets, the direction of magnetic lines of force of the radial permanent magnets is radial, and the radial permanent magnets are used for magnetizing the steel wire rope, so that a strong magnetic field passes through the steel wire rope. The permanent magnet, the steel wire rope and the transition armature are used for realizing a complete magnetic path in the instrument.
The magnetizing method includes, but is not limited to, semi-lateral semi-ring type magnetizing designed in the present invention, and also includes semi-lateral semi-ring type magnetizing, or even semi-lateral partially magnetizing.
The designed semi-ring type permanent magnet has a shape including but not limited to a semi-circular shape (including a semi-circular shape formed by splicing a plurality of magnets), and the magnetizing mode is a semi-ring symmetrical type, namely, a closed magnetic circuit of 'permanent magnet 1-steel wire rope-permanent magnet 2-armature-permanent magnet 1' must be formed no matter what type of circular semi-side magnetizing is adopted;
the size of the permanent magnet can be determined by the actual steel wire rope and the excitation effect.
3. The half-side excitation half-side detection type wire rope flaw detector according to claim 1, characterized in that:
different from the circumferential multi-loop excitation mode of the traditional wire rope flaw detector, the designed excitation structure is a half-side excitation structure, and the outer sides of the two parts of half-ring permanent magnets are connected by a transitional armature structure to form a complete magnetic loop;
the permanent magnet and the transition armature are matched in the plastic shell through an inner plastic fixing sleeve;
the other side is a designed detection processing part which and the excitation part form an integral flaw detector;
the designed structure of the semi-excitation and semi-detection flaw detector comprises but is not limited to an upper detection structure and a lower excitation structure (comprising a semi-excitation and semi-detection type flaw detector structure with upper excitation lower detection, front excitation rear detection and rear excitation front detection).
4. The 3D printing inner bushing capable of adapting to the diameter of a steel wire rope and matching with an annular positioning sleeve according to claim 1, wherein the inner bushing is characterized in that:
the lining is mainly used for protecting the internal structure of the steel wire rope flaw detector and adapting to steel wire ropes with different rope diameters, and the lining adopts a 3D printing technology. The two parts are completely the same, the middle wall is thin, and the wall thickness of the two ends is thick, so that the lifting value of the middle Hall element is smaller, and the detection of a damage signal is facilitated. The size of the steel wire rope can be customized for different types of steel wire ropes, and the size is determined mainly by the size of the diameter of the steel wire rope.
5. The hall element positioning support mounting sleeve of an embeddable hall element placement unit of claim 4, wherein:
the mounting sleeve consists of four parts, namely a positioning sleeve of the sensor storage part and a positioning sleeve of the pressing part;
the locating sleeve of the sensor storage part consists of an upper part and a lower part, a quick plug is arranged at the joint of the upper part and the lower part to realize the intercommunication of an internal circuit, and the quick plug extends out of the upper part and can realize the circuit intercommunication with the embedded half shell;
the pressing sleeve of the pressing part consists of an upper part and a lower part, and the upper part and the lower part are provided with matching grooves with the sensor storage part.
6. The hall element placing unit according to claim 5, wherein:
the Hall element placing unit can be used for placing Hall elements for axial detection direction, radial detection direction and axial and radial mixed detection;
the Hall element placing unit can be embedded into the Hall element positioning support mounting sleeve, one side of the Hall element placing unit is provided with a plug which can be quickly plugged into the Hall element positioning support mounting sleeve, and the Hall element positioning support mounting sleeve can be communicated with an internal circuit of the Hall element positioning support mounting sleeve.
7. The embedded data acquisition, processing, storage and display detection half-shell of claim 1, wherein:
the inner cavity of the designed detection half shell is the same as the shape of an inner plastic fixing sleeve of the excitation part, and the inner plastic fixing sleeve can be matched with an inner lining sleeve for 3D printing to form a cylindrical through hole together with the excitation part;
in the detection half shell that designs, inside is provided with certain data acquisition, processing, storage and the electronic equipment who shows, and shell surface design has button operating panel and display panel, is equipped with data transmission mouth and power socket simultaneously.
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| CN202111680881.2A CN114252505B (en) | 2021-12-28 | 2021-12-28 | Semi-side excitation semi-side detection type steel wire rope flaw detector |
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