CN114252505B - Semi-side excitation semi-side detection type steel wire rope flaw detector - Google Patents

Semi-side excitation semi-side detection type steel wire rope flaw detector Download PDF

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Publication number
CN114252505B
CN114252505B CN202111680881.2A CN202111680881A CN114252505B CN 114252505 B CN114252505 B CN 114252505B CN 202111680881 A CN202111680881 A CN 202111680881A CN 114252505 B CN114252505 B CN 114252505B
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China
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detection
steel wire
sleeve
wire rope
semi
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CN114252505A (en
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田劼
孙钢钢
王洪尧
王伟
李鹏博
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China University of Mining and Technology Beijing CUMTB
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China University of Mining and Technology Beijing CUMTB
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N27/00Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
    • G01N27/72Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating magnetic variables
    • G01N27/82Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating magnetic variables for investigating the presence of flaws
    • G01N27/83Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating magnetic variables for investigating the presence of flaws by investigating stray magnetic fields

Abstract

The utility model relates to the technical field of nondestructive inspection of steel wire ropes, and discloses a detection principle and an internal structure of a portable flaw detector with semi-side excitation and semi-side detection and simultaneous excitation and detection. The utility model aims to provide a novel flaw detector detection model, and provides a novel excitation method, namely half-side permanent magnet excitation, wherein the weight of a flaw detector is designed in a lightweight manner, and the magnetic counter force formed by mutual exclusion of magnetic poles in the installation process of the flaw detector is fundamentally avoided. The designed flaw detector device presents an opening and closing structure of half-side permanent magnet excitation half-side detection, wherein the half-side excitation structure comprises: the permanent magnet assembly comprises a semi-annular permanent magnet, a transitional armature structure, an inner plastic fixing sleeve and a plastic protective shell; the half-side detection device mainly comprises: the detachable bidirectional Hall element placing unit is matched with an annular locating sleeve capable of being embedded into the placing unit and an embedded semi-shell for collecting, processing, storing and displaying.

Description

Semi-side excitation semi-side detection type steel wire rope flaw detector
Technical Field
The utility model relates to the technical field of nondestructive testing of steel wire ropes, in particular to excitation and detection technology for detecting damage of steel wire ropes by an electromagnetic method.
Background
The steel wire rope is a key component of important equipment related to life and production safety of hoisting machinery, elevators and the like, and has irreplaceable unique functions in the processes of lifting, bearing, traction, tensioning and the like. The safe use of the steel wire rope has important social and economic benefits. The nondestructive testing research of the steel wire rope has important significance for the safe use of the steel wire rope and the avoidance of huge economic waste.
The nondestructive testing method of the steel wire rope is various, and comprises an ultrasonic testing method, a ray testing method, an acoustic emission testing method, an eddy current testing method, an electromagnetic testing method, a mechanical testing method, an acoustic testing method, a current testing method, an optical testing method, a vibration testing method and the like which are commonly used in nondestructive testing. Until recently, electromagnetic detection has been one of the most practical detection methods currently accepted.
According to the working principle of electromagnetic detection method, its magnetization modes are classified into AC magnetization, DC magnetization and permanent magnetic magnetization. The AC magnetization detection precision is low, and the sensor is easy to generate heat and is troublesome to operate; the DC magnetization has the advantage of adjustable excitation intensity, but the equipment has larger weight and complex structure, and the matched DC power supply equipment is also needed to be provided during the working. Due to the limitations of both, these two approaches have been phased out in recent years. The permanent magnet magnetization detection device has the advantages of small volume, light weight, convenient use and low detection cost, and particularly the development and application of novel permanent magnet materials in recent years make the advantages of the novel permanent magnet materials more obvious, so that a large number of permanent magnet magnetization modes are used in a magnetic detection method.
According to the difference of signal acquisition positions and modes of an electromagnetic detection method, the detection modes at the current stage mainly comprise strong magnetic detection and weak magnetic detection, which are applied to the existing electromagnetic steel wire rope flaw detector and have thousands of times, but the weak magnetic detection and the strong magnetic detection both occupy a great part of weight on an excitation device, such as an utility model patent steel wire rope flaw detector (CN 210834761U) and an utility model patent steel wire rope flaw detector (CN 202837240U). In addition, for the strong magnetic detection technology, a strong permanent magnet is often adopted to excite the steel wire rope to a supersaturated state, and the magnetic field intensity of the permanent magnet is in a surplus state in most cases.
Most of the current steel wire rope flaw detection instruments detect single axial signals or radial signals, and if the two signals are switched, the inner support structure is redesigned or a new flaw detector is newly processed, so that the detection is extremely inconvenient.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the utility model provides a semi-excitation semi-detection type steel wire rope flaw detector, which not only fundamentally avoids the reaction force caused by mutual exclusion of magnetic poles through a semi-side excitation device, but also can process the output signal of a Hall element nearby, thereby reducing the external interference in the signal transmission process, and simultaneously, the self weight is greatly reduced due to the elimination of a side excitation device, and further light weight and convenience are realized.
According to the utility model, the NdFeB permanent magnet with the model N48 is adopted, and the main magnetic flux direction is radial, so that a stronger magnetic field passes through the inside of the steel wire rope. By means of the permanent magnet, the steel wire rope and the transitional armature structure, a complete magnetic path is realized inside the instrument. The neodymium-iron-boron permanent magnet can quickly magnetize the dynamically operated steel wire rope and is not influenced by the speed of the steel wire rope.
The utility model adopts the plastic outer shell and the plastic inner supporting sleeve, thereby not only reducing the weight of the instrument, but also ensuring that other hybrid magnetic circuits are not arranged in the flaw detector except for the permanent magnet, the steel wire rope and the transitional armature structure, and effectively avoiding the waste of magnetic fields.
The Hall element placement unit designed by the utility model can be suitable for various collection modes. The Hall element is a main sensor for collecting magnetic leakage signals, and can convert the change of the leakage quantity of the magnetic path caused by the damage of the steel wire rope into corresponding voltage change, and reversely diagnose the damage of the steel wire rope by means of the voltage change.
The detachable annular positioning sleeve capable of being embedded into the Hall element placing unit can effectively position the Hall element and the replaceable lining, is composed of four parts, and is provided with positioning and supporting devices which are matched with each other, so that the sensor is prevented from being damaged due to improper installation positions in the installation process.
The upper shell designed by the utility model can contain other processing units such as amplification, filtering, difference and the like of Hall element signals, processed data can be displayed in a display screen at one side in real time, and a switch operation panel with related functions is arranged beside the display screen.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a front elevational structural view of the flaw detector of the present utility model;
FIG. 2 is a rear elevational structural view of the flaw detector of the present utility model;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the inner side structure of the inspection housing of the flaw detector according to the present utility model;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a 3D printing inner liner structure according to the present utility model;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the mounting of a Hall element positioning support mounting sleeve of the present utility model;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the structure of the upper storage positioning sleeve in the present utility model;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a lower storage positioning sleeve structure according to the present utility model;
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of the structure of the upper and lower clamping and positioning sleeves of the present utility model;
FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of the assembly of the semi-excitation section of the present utility model;
FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of the half-side excitation principle in the present utility model;
FIG. 11 is an exploded view of the integral part of the present utility model;
the figures are labeled as follows:
01: set screw
02: instrument handle
03: detection shell
04: display screen
05: threaded hole
06: USB interface
07: net line port
08: key operation panel
09: lock catch
10: hall element placing unit
11: inner lining
12: clamping positioning sleeve
13: upper storage positioning sleeve
14: lower storage positioning sleeve
15: plastic inner support sleeve
16: radial permanent magnet
17: transition armature
18: plastic exciting shell
19: landing leg
20: three-hole jack
21: lock catch mounting groove
22: quick plug 1 male head
23: middle cavity inside detection shell
24: detection shell inner side end cavity
25: quick plug 1 female connector
26: quick plug 2 female connector
27: quick plug 3 male connector
28: positioning groove
29: hall element storage unit matching groove
30: quick plug 3 female connector
31: quick plug 2 male connector
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the present utility model are described in detail below with reference to the attached drawing figures:
fig. 1 is a front elevational structural view of the present utility model. In fig. 1, an instrument handle (02) is mounted on a detection housing (03) on the flaw detector through a set screw (01) and a threaded hole (05), and the instrument handle (02) is axially arranged so as to facilitate an operator to use the steel wire rope flaw detector. Meanwhile, a data transmission port is arranged on a detection shell (03) of the flaw detector: a network cable port (07) and a USB interface (06). The key operation panel (08) and the display screen (04) in fig. 1 can perform corresponding setting adjustment for processing and displaying different damage types, and simultaneously can display damage signals in real time, thereby realizing real-time monitoring. The network cable port (07) and the USB interface (06) are arranged for outputting data, so that the damage data of the memory with a certain size can be output, and the later checking and off-line processing are convenient. The whole detection shell is polygonal, the exciting part is semi-cylindrical, and the bottom is provided with supporting legs (19) which can support the whole equipment to keep balance. The upper and lower front shells are connected by a lock catch (09).
Fig. 2 is a rear view of the external structure of the present utility model, in which the upper inspection housing (03) is provided with a three-hole jack (20) that provides power support for the whole inspection apparatus. It can also be designed as a charging socket. The upper detection shell (03) and the lower plastic excitation shell (18) are still tightly combined by virtue of the lock catch (09). The inner bushings (11) of the device are matched with the left and right walls of the shell in an identical manner. This orientation also has legs (19) which, together with the 2 legs of fig. 1, support the entire instrument, four legs being advantageous for improved stability.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of the inspection housing (03) of the flaw detector according to the present utility model, and a bottom view, a side view and a top view thereof are listed for clearly showing the structure of the housing. As can be seen from the bottom view, the upper detection housing (03) is provided with latch mounting grooves (21) for mounting latches (09) on both sides, and the latch mounting grooves (21) and the latches (09) are engaged with each other by screws. The whole shell is made of plastic, so that the weight of the flaw detector can be reduced, the plastic is easy to process, and the plastic can be changed at any time according to the change of an internal circuit. The shell is designed with a part (13) of the upper storage positioning sleeve to realize quick plug and pull, so that data intercommunication between the Hall element and the upper detection shell (03) is realized, and the whole shell is in a half-package shape, and the upper part of the shell is in a symmetrical polygon shape. The top is provided with a threaded hole (05) connected with the handle (02), and the handle (02) and the detection shell (03) are connected together through the threaded hole.
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a replaceable inner liner of the present utility model. The inner lining (11) adopts a 3D printing technology and can adapt to different rope diameters, the inner lining (11) is two identical half-package parts and is formed by processing non-magnetic conductive materials, and the outer circular surface of the inner lining (11) is matched with the inner side surface of the upper detection shell (03) and matched with the plastic inner support sleeve (15) in the lower excitation structure. According to the wire ropes with different rope diameters, different inner bushings (11) are replaced, the outer round surface and the inner round surface of the inner bushing change along with the rope diameter variation of the wire ropes, and chamfering is arranged at the end part of the inner bushing (11) to ensure the smooth passing of the wire ropes.
Fig. 5 is a schematic installation view of a hall element positioning support mounting sleeve according to the present utility model. In the figure, a Hall element placing unit (10) is matched with a clamping positioning sleeve (12) through a Hall element storage unit matching groove (29) so as to place the Hall element in the Hall element placing unit (10) at a certain lifting value and a certain detection direction. The sensor can be completely matched into the middle cavity (23) of the upper detection shell, so that the sensor is axially positioned, the side wall of the middle cavity (23) of the upper detection shell can be axially positioned, the sensor can be stably positioned in the flaw detector, and the sensor is prevented from shaking in the detection process of the steel wire rope to influence the detection precision.
Fig. 6 and 7 are structural diagrams of the upper and lower storage positioning sleeves. In order to explain the internal structure in more detail, the front view, the left view and the right view of the upper storage positioning sleeve (13) and the front view and the side view of the lower storage positioning sleeve (14) are respectively drawn, and the internal structure of the upper storage positioning sleeve and the lower storage positioning sleeve is similar as shown in the drawing, and is a circle of positioning grooves (28), and the positioning grooves (28) mainly work for being matched with the upper clamping positioning sleeve and the lower clamping positioning sleeve (12) so that the Hall element positioning support mounting sleeve is firm and reliable. The outer ring has a difference in shape, and is mainly characterized in that a boss is arranged at the right lower part of the upper storage positioning sleeve, the boss is mainly used for setting a quick plug 1 female head (25), the quick plug 1 female head (25) can be quickly plugged with a quick plug 1 male head (22) at the inner side of the upper detection shell (03), and data communication between the whole Hall element positioning support mounting sleeve structure and the upper detection shell (03) is realized. The male head (31) of the quick plug 2 and the female head (30) of the quick plug 3 are arranged at the two ends of the left side view of the upper storage positioning sleeve (13) shown in fig. 6, the male head (27) of the quick plug 3 and the female head (26) of the quick plug 2 are arranged at the two ends of the left side view of the lower storage positioning sleeve (14) shown in fig. 7, the male head (31) of the quick plug 2 and the female head (26) of the quick plug 2 can be quickly plugged when the upper and lower storage positioning sleeves (13) (14) are matched into a whole storage positioning sleeve, and the male head (27) of the quick plug 3 and the female head (30) of the quick plug 3 can be quickly plugged when the upper and lower storage positioning sleeves (13) (14) are matched into a whole storage positioning sleeve.
Fig. 8 is a structural diagram of the pressing positioning sleeve in the present utility model, because the upper and lower structures are two identical parts, and here, a structure is used to represent the pressing positioning sleeve, in the figure, the boss and the upper and lower storage positioning sleeves (13) and (14) implement complementary matching, the hall element placing unit (10) is clamped by the gap between the two adjacent bosses, and the hall element placing unit and the upper and lower storage positioning sleeves (13) and (14) together implement full-freedom positioning of the hall element.
Fig. 9 is an assembled schematic view of the exciting portion in the present utility model, and it can be seen from the figure that the exciting portion is integrally and compactly fitted, and the innermost side is a plastic inner support sleeve (15) which mainly serves to limit and position the radial permanent magnet (16), and the radial permanent magnet (16) has two blocks at two ends. The outer side of the radial permanent magnet (16) is provided with a transition armature (17), so that the main structural part of the excitation part is formed, and the outermost side is provided with a plastic excitation shell (18) for protecting the transition armature (17) and the radial permanent magnet (16) inside. 4 supporting legs (19) are arranged at the bottom of the plastic excitation shell (18). The shell adopts a plastic shell, reduces the weight of the flaw detector, and also plays a role in protection.
Fig. 10 is a schematic diagram of the principle of semi-side excitation in the present utility model, which is also the most important technique in the present utility model. The excitation mode is different from the excitation mode used in the past and on the market, the steel wire rope is magnetized by using only half-side radial semi-ring permanent magnets, the magnetizing direction is radial, the radial magnetizing mode enables the steel wire rope to reach a saturated state more quickly, and meanwhile, the radial permanent magnets (16) adopt N48 neodymium-iron-boron strong-magnetic permanent magnets, so that the steel wire rope can reach the saturated state quickly. Compared with the full-circumference permanent magnet excitation mode, the semi-side permanent magnet excitation mode obtained through practical experiments can acquire the damage signal of the steel wire rope, and has little influence on the accuracy of the damage signal. As can be seen from fig. 10, the excitation mode of the permanent magnet at the half side also accords with the principle of electromagnetic detection, namely, the steel wire rope is magnetized first, if the steel wire rope is damaged, the steel wire rope can leak a magnetic field when damaged, and the damage condition of the steel wire rope is judged by detecting the leaked magnetic field through a corresponding sensor (the hall element is adopted by the equipment). In the figure, the arrow direction is the magnetic field direction, the magnetic field direction of a radial permanent magnet (16) on the right side points to the inner side, the radial permanent magnet is matched with the radial permanent magnet on the left side to lead the steel wire rope to form a magnetic field from the right to the left in the middle part of two magnetic poles, and then the magnetic circuit circulation of the right radial permanent magnet (16) -the steel wire rope-the left radial permanent magnet (16) -the transition armature (17) -the right radial permanent magnet (16) "is formed through the connection of the transition armature (17).
The utility model adopts a half-side excitation mode, compared with the full-axial excitation mode of the traditional steel wire rope flaw detector, the structure is not simplified, the weight of the flaw detector is reduced, the traditional flaw detector is almost all-split full-circumferential excitation, the split part is inevitably provided with magnetic counter force, the installation accuracy is affected, and certain danger exists.

Claims (7)

1. A wire rope flaw detector of half side excitation half side detection formula, characterized in that includes:
the semi-side permanent magnet magnetizing mode of the steel wire rope is adopted by the flaw detector, the steel wire rope generates a detectable memory magnetic field through the magnetizing mode of the semi-side permanent magnet, so that the magnetic leakage detection of a damaged part is realized, the inner bushing adopts a 3D printing technology, the steel wire rope can adapt to different rope diameters, the inner bushing is two identical semi-wrapping parts and is formed by processing non-magnetic conductive materials, the outer circular surface of the inner bushing is matched with the inner side surface of an upper detection shell and is matched with a plastic inner supporting sleeve in a lower exciting structure, different inner bushings are replaced according to the steel wire ropes with different rope diameters, the outer circular surface and the inner circular surface of the inner circular surface change along with the rope diameter of the steel wire rope, chamfers are arranged at the end parts of the inner bushing, the steel wire rope is ensured to pass smoothly, the innermost side of an exciting part is a plastic inner supporting sleeve, the radial permanent magnet is provided with two ends, the outer side of a transition armature, the outermost side of the radial permanent magnet is provided with a plastic exciting shell, and the outer side of the transition armature is connected with the semi-cylindrical magnetic circuit of a right radial permanent magnet-steel wire rope-left radial permanent magnet-transition armature-right radial permanent magnet is formed through the connection of the transition armature, and the whole exciting part presents a semi-cylindrical exciting part;
the inner diameter of the 3D printing lining sleeve is determined by the rope diameter of the steel wire rope, the inner diameter is slightly larger than the rope diameter, the outer diameter size of the 3D printing lining sleeve is determined by the sizes of a Hall element positioning support mounting sleeve and an inner plastic fixing sleeve which can be embedded into a Hall element placing unit, and the 3D printing lining sleeve comprises an upper half sleeve and a lower half sleeve;
the Hall element positioning and supporting installation sleeve is matched with the Hall element positioning and supporting installation sleeve, the Hall element positioning and supporting installation sleeve is embedded into the Hall element positioning and supporting installation sleeve, the Hall element positioning and supporting installation sleeve is matched with the Hall element positioning and supporting installation sleeve through the Hall element positioning and supporting installation sleeve, the Hall element is placed in the Hall element positioning and supporting installation sleeve in a certain lifting value and detection direction, the inner structures of the upper and lower storage and positioning sleeves are approximate, the positioning grooves are all positioning grooves of a circle, the positioning grooves mainly serve as matching with the upper and lower clamping and positioning sleeves, the Hall element positioning and supporting installation sleeve is firm and reliable, a boss is arranged at the right lower part of the upper storage and positioning sleeve, the boss mainly serves as a female plug for setting the quick plug 1, the female plug 1 can be quickly plugged with the male plug 1 at the inner side of the upper detection shell, the whole Hall element positioning and supporting installation sleeve is in data communication with the upper detection shell, the male plug 2 and the female plug 3 are arranged at the two ends of the upper storage and positioning sleeve, the male plug 2 and the female plug 3 are arranged at the two ends of the quick plug 3, the male plug 2 and the female plug 3 are in the upper and lower storage and positioning sleeve, and the whole positioning and positioning sleeve are mutually matched with the upper and lower detection shell, and the whole positioning and the positioning sleeve is freely positioned when the male plug 2 and the male plug 3 and the female plug 3 are matched with the female plug 3 and the whole positioning and the upper and the lower positioning sleeve;
half-side data acquisition, processing, storage and display half-shells.
2. The steel wire rope flaw detector of half-side excitation half-side detection type according to claim 1, wherein:
the two semi-ring type radial permanent magnets exist, the magnetic force line direction of the two semi-ring type radial permanent magnets is radial, the steel wire rope is magnetized, a stronger magnetic field passes through the inside of the steel wire rope, and a complete magnetic path is realized inside the instrument by virtue of the permanent magnets, the steel wire rope and the transition type armature;
the magnetizing mode comprises a half-side semi-ring magnetizing mode or a half-side semi-ring closed type magnetizing mode or a half-side part closed type magnetizing mode;
the semi-ring radial permanent magnet is in a semicircular shape formed by splicing a plurality of magnets, and the magnetizing mode is semi-ring symmetrical;
the size of the permanent magnet is determined by the actual steel wire rope and the excitation effect.
3. The steel wire rope flaw detector of half-side excitation half-side detection type according to claim 1, wherein:
the excitation structure of the steel wire rope flaw detector with the semi-side excitation and semi-side detection is a semi-side excitation structure, and the outer sides of the semi-annular permanent magnets of the two parts are connected by a transitional armature structure, so that a complete magnetic loop is formed;
the permanent magnet and the transition armature are matched in the plastic shell through an inner plastic fixing sleeve;
the other side is a detection processing part, and the detection processing part and the excitation part form an integral flaw detector together;
the designed steel wire rope flaw detector structure with the half-side excitation and half-side detection is a steel wire rope flaw detector structure with the half-side excitation and half-side detection for upper excitation and lower detection, front excitation and rear detection or rear excitation and front detection.
4. The steel wire rope flaw detector of half-side excitation half-side detection type according to claim 1, wherein:
the inner bushing presents two identical parts, the middle wall is thin, the wall thicknesses of the two ends are respectively thin, the lifting value of the Hall element in the middle is smaller, the detection of damage signals is facilitated, the size of the inner bushing can be customized for different types of steel wire ropes, and the size determination depends on the size of the rope diameter.
5. The steel wire rope flaw detector for half-side excitation half-side detection according to claim 4, wherein:
the Hall element positioning support mounting sleeve consists of four parts, namely an upper positioning sleeve and a lower positioning sleeve of a sensor storage part and an upper positioning sleeve and a lower positioning sleeve of a pressing part;
the upper and lower positioning sleeves of the sensor storage part consist of an upper part and a lower part, and a quick plug is arranged at the joint of the upper and lower parts so as to realize the intercommunication of internal circuits, and the quick plug extends out of the upper part and can realize the circuit intercommunication with the embedded half-shell;
the upper and lower locating sleeves of the pressing part are composed of an upper part and a lower part, and the part is designed with a matching groove with the sensor storage part.
6. The steel wire rope flaw detector with half excitation and half detection function according to claim 5, wherein:
the Hall element placement unit is used for placing Hall elements for axial detection, radial detection and axial and radial mixed detection;
the Hall element placing unit can be embedded into the Hall element positioning support mounting sleeve, and one side of the Hall element placing unit is provided with a plug which is quickly plugged into the Hall element positioning support mounting sleeve and is communicated with an internal circuit of the Hall element positioning support mounting sleeve.
7. The steel wire rope flaw detector of half-side excitation half-side detection type according to claim 1, wherein:
the designed inner cavity of the detection half shell is the same as the inner plastic fixing sleeve of the exciting part in shape, and can be matched with the 3D printed inner bushing to form a cylindrical through hole together with the exciting part;
in the designed detection half shell, electronic equipment for data acquisition, processing, storage and display is arranged inside, a key operation panel and a display panel are arranged on the surface of the shell, and a data transmission port and a power socket are arranged at the same time.
CN202111680881.2A 2021-12-28 2021-12-28 Semi-side excitation semi-side detection type steel wire rope flaw detector Active CN114252505B (en)

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