CN114246277A - Capsule type wet-based fermented fish feed and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Capsule type wet-based fermented fish feed and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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CN114246277A
CN114246277A CN202111609445.6A CN202111609445A CN114246277A CN 114246277 A CN114246277 A CN 114246277A CN 202111609445 A CN202111609445 A CN 202111609445A CN 114246277 A CN114246277 A CN 114246277A
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vitamin
fish feed
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capsule type
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倪柏雯
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Jiangsu Times Mingyang New Biotechnology Research Institute Co ltd
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Jiangsu Times Mingyang New Biotechnology Research Institute Co ltd
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    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
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    • A23K10/16—Addition of microorganisms or extracts thereof, e.g. single-cell proteins, to feeding-stuff compositions
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
    • A23K10/22—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin from fish
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
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    • A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/10—Organic substances
    • A23K20/142—Amino acids; Derivatives thereof
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/10—Organic substances
    • A23K20/158—Fatty acids; Fats; Products containing oils or fats
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/10—Organic substances
    • A23K20/163—Sugars; Polysaccharides
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/10—Organic substances
    • A23K20/174—Vitamins
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
    • A23K20/28—Silicates, e.g. perlites, zeolites or bentonites
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K40/00—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K40/30—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs by encapsulating; by coating
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    • Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
    • Y02A40/818—Alternative feeds for fish, e.g. in aquacultures
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    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
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Abstract

A capsule type wet-based fermented fish feed and a preparation method thereof are disclosed, wherein the fish feed comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 25-26 parts of fish meal, 15-16 parts of wet-based fermented soybean meal, 9-10 parts of vegetable cake, 9-10 parts of cottonseed meal, 9-10 parts of flour, 8-9 parts of rice bran, 3-4 parts of full-fat soybean, 2-3 parts of wheat bran, 1-2 parts of soybean oil, 1-2 parts of a mineral composition, 1-2 parts of microcrystalline cellulose, 0.5-1 part of bentonite, 0.5-1 part of monocalcium phosphate, 0.5-1 part of a vitamin composition, 0.5-1 part of thraustochytrium powder, 0.2-0.3 part of choline chloride and 0.005-0.01 part of nano selenium; the fish feed is prepared into capsule type wet-based fermented fish feed by taking water-soluble soybean polysaccharide and gelatin as coating materials and adopting a complex coacervation method of the water-soluble soybean polysaccharide and the gelatin. The capsule type wet-based fermented fish feed and the preparation method thereof have reasonable formula design, meet the nutritional requirements of fish feeding, promote the growth condition and muscle quality of fish, improve the immunity and reduce various infections and diseases, and are convenient to store.

Description

Capsule type wet-based fermented fish feed and preparation method thereof
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of fish feed, and particularly relates to a capsule type wet-based fermented fish feed and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Research shows that the growth performance of the fish can be obviously improved by adding a certain amount of selenium into the fish feed. In the wild water ecological environment, fish typically obtain selenium from available sources in the surroundings, whereas in dense fish farming systems the source of selenium for fish is largely dependent on the intake of feed containing appropriate amounts of selenium. The use of animal (containing small amounts of selenium) and plant-based ingredients in fish feed (which vary widely in selenium content) affects the proper supply of selenium, and any such disturbance in the selenium supply leads to impaired antioxidant activity, and hence the fish are unable to maintain good stress conditions and protect themselves from oxidative damage. In addition, DHA is also added into feed as a feed additive to improve the survival rate of aquatic seedlings and the quality of products.
The capsule technology is a technology of forming micro particles by using polymer materials such as vegetable gum, lipid, starch, cellulose, casein, polymerization and the like as wall materials and wrapping core materials taking solid, liquid or gas as cores by using specific equipment, and the technology is widely applied to the field of feeds. The technology has the advantages that the core material can be protected from the influence of environmental factors such as light, heat, oxygen, acid, alkali and the like, so that the performance of the core material is improved, the release speed of the core material is delayed, and the nutrient loss of components is reduced. At present, researches on selenium, DHA, capsule technology and other aspects of fish feed are rarely reported. Therefore, there is a need to develop a capsule type wet-based fermented fish feed and a preparation method thereof.
Chinese patent application No. CN202010722085.X discloses a fish feed preparation process and a fish feed prepared by the same, wherein the preparation process has the advantage of conveniently reducing the particle size of fish feed particles, and a formula of the fish feed is not improved and a capsule technology is adopted.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is as follows: in order to overcome the defects, the invention aims to provide a capsule type wet-based fermented fish feed and a preparation method thereof, the formula design is reasonable, the problems of low mechanical property of bonded silver wires, easy wire breakage under a high-speed bonding condition, easy vulcanization and oxidation in the prior art are solved by combining multi-element doping and a surface coating, the preparation method and lead welding are improved, the bonded silver wires form good bonding, and the application prospect is wide.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a capsule type wet-based fermented fish feed comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 25-26 parts of fish meal, 15-16 parts of wet-based fermented soybean meal, 9-10 parts of vegetable cake, 9-10 parts of cottonseed meal, 9-10 parts of flour, 8-9 parts of rice bran, 3-4 parts of full-fat soybean, 2-3 parts of wheat bran, 1-2 parts of soybean oil, 1-2 parts of a mineral composition, 1-2 parts of microcrystalline cellulose, 0.5-1 part of bentonite, 0.5-1 part of monocalcium phosphate, 0.5-1 part of a vitamin composition, 0.5-1 part of thraustochytrium powder, 0.2-0.3 part of choline chloride and 0.005-0.01 part of nano selenium; the fish feed is prepared into capsule type wet-based fermented fish feed by taking water-soluble soybean polysaccharide and gelatin as coating materials and adopting a complex coacervation method of the water-soluble soybean polysaccharide and the gelatin.
The capsule type wet-based fermented fish feed has reasonable formula design, fish meal, wet-based fermented soybean meal, rape cake, cottonseed meal, flour, rice bran, full-fat soybean and wheat bran are taken as protein sources, soybean oil is taken as an oil source, a mineral composition and a vitamin composition provide essential mineral major elements, trace elements and vitamins for fish growth, microcrystalline cellulose and bentonite are used for adjusting the volume and the density of the fish feed, calcium dihydrogen phosphate is taken as a feed additive of aquaculture animals, thraustochytrid powder contains rich DHA and can promote the growth condition and the muscle quality of fish as an additive in the fish feed, choline chloride can stimulate the fish to gain weight, nano selenium stimulates, synthesizes and expresses several important selenases and selenoproteins such as glutathione peroxidase, thioredoxin reductase and selenoprotein P to provide defense against oxidative stress for fish somatic cells, by adding proper nano selenium, the fish can generate enough selenoprotein, improve immunity and reduce various infections and diseases.
The invention adopts wet-based fermented soybean meal to replace common soybean meal, omits the link of drying treatment, is directly added into fish feed, can promote macromolecular proteins in the soybean meal to be decomposed into small peptides and amino acids, generates various microorganisms and various active factors such as digestive enzyme, acid, vitamin, soybean isoflavone and the like, and can effectively degrade or eliminate anti-nutritional factors in the soybean meal, thereby improving the bioavailability of nutrient substances.
The invention adopts water-soluble soybean polysaccharide and gelatin as coating materials, the water-soluble soybean polysaccharide is weak acidic polysaccharide, the molecule of the water-soluble soybean polysaccharide has carboxyl, and the water-soluble soybean polysaccharide can perform complex coacervation reaction with the gelatin under certain conditions to generate a loose coacervation state mainly based on ionic bonds. When the aggregate is combined with a membrane protein material such as gelatin, a microcapsule structure is easily formed, the fish feed is wrapped in the microcapsule, the microcapsule is formed, the thickness of the capsule membrane is thick, the heat transfer can be effectively prevented, and the storage of the capsule type wet-based fermented fish feed is convenient.
Further, the above capsule type wet-based fermented fish feed, the mineral composition comprises Ca (H)2PO4)、CaCO3、KCl、NaH2PO4、MgSO4Ferric citrate, ZnCO3、KAl(SO4)2、CuSO4·5H2O、CoCl2、MnSO4·H2O, KI, respectively; wherein 445-450mg Ca (H) is allocated in each 1kg of fish feed2PO4)、180-182mg CaCO3、165-166mg KCl、135-136mg NaH2PO4、50-53mg MgSO413-15mg of ferric citrate and 1.8-2.0mg of ZnCO3、1.5-1.6mg KAl(SO4)2、0.7-0.8mg CuSO4·5H2O、0.6-0.8mg CoCl2、0.6-0.8mg MnSO4·H2O、0.1-0.2mg KI。
The mineral composition is reasonably prepared, and meets the nutritional requirements of the fish.
Further, in the above capsule type wet-based fermented fish feed, the vitamin composition includes inositol, vitamin C, vitamin E, pantothenic acid, riboflavin, niacin, thiamine, menadione, pyridoxine hydrochloride, vitamin a, folic acid, biotin, vitamin D3, and vitamin B12; wherein, per 1kg of fish feed, 400mg of inositol 395, 205mg of vitamin C200, 95-100mg of vitamin E, 40-45mg of pantothenic acid, 20-25mg of riboflavin, 15-20mg of nicotinic acid, 10-15mg of thiamine, 8-12mg of menadione, 8-12mg of pyridoxine hydrochloride, 7-8mg of vitamin A, 5-6mg of folic acid, 1.0-1.5mg of biotin, 0.4-0.6mg of vitamin D3 and 20-25 mu g of vitamin B12 are prepared.
The vitamin composition is reasonable in preparation and meets the nutritional requirements of the fish.
The invention also relates to a preparation method of the capsule type wet-based fermented fish feed, which comprises the steps of preparing wet-based fermented soybean meal and preparing the capsule type wet-based fermented fish feed; the preparation method of the wet-based fermented soybean meal comprises the following steps: adding distilled water into bean pulp for mixing, wherein the mass ratio of the bean pulp to the distilled water is 1:0.5-1, uniformly mixing, placing in a fermentation tank, and inoculating with a strain, wherein the strain adopts lactobacillus, saccharomycetes and bacillus subtilis, and fermenting at the temperature of 30-40 ℃ for 8-10 days to obtain the wet-based fermented bean pulp.
Further, in the method for preparing the capsule type wet-based fermented fish feed, the lactobacillus is 2.3 multiplied by 108CFH/g, the yeast is 1.5 multiplied by 109CFH/g, 1.9 x 10 of the bacillus subtilis7CFH/g。
According to the invention, the lactobacillus, the saccharomycetes and the bacillus subtilis are adopted to carry out microbial fermentation on the soybean meal, so that the absorption utilization rate of nutrient substances of the soybean meal can be greatly improved, the microbial fermentation eliminates or degrades antinutritional factors such as glycinin, beta-conglycinin, sucrose, raffinose, stachyose and the like in the soybean meal to a certain extent, the effects of the antinutritional factors are eliminated or alleviated, partial nutrients can be released to be utilized by fishes, the overall nutritional value of the soybean meal is further improved, and the prepared daily ration still contains a large amount of active probiotics, so that the absorption and utilization of various nutrients by fish organisms are coordinated.
Further, the preparation method of the capsule type wet-based fermented fish feed comprises the following steps: preparing fish meal, wet-based fermented soybean meal, rape cake, cottonseed meal, flour, rice bran, full-fat soybean, wheat bran, soybean oil, a mineral composition, microcrystalline cellulose, bentonite, monocalcium phosphate, a vitamin composition, thraustochytrium powder, choline chloride and nano selenium according to a proportion, preparing fish feed particles with the diameter of 1-1.5mm by using a granulator, and storing the fish feed particles in a refrigerator at the temperature of-20 ℃ for later use after air drying; taking water-soluble soybean polysaccharide and gelatin as coating materials, mixing the water-soluble soybean polysaccharide and the gelatin, dissolving the mixture in distilled water, uniformly mixing the mixture under high-speed stirring, adding the fish feed, stirring for 4 to 6 hours, uniformly mixing, adjusting the pH value to 3.5 to 4.5, standing the mixture at the temperature of between 3 and 5 ℃ for 20 to 24 hours, freezing the mixture by using liquid nitrogen, and drying the mixture by using a freeze dryer to obtain the capsule type wet-based fermented fish feed.
Further, in the preparation method of the capsule type wet-based fermented fish feed, the mass ratio of the water-soluble soybean polysaccharide to the gelatin to the fish feed is 5-6: 2-3: 1-2, and the salt ion concentration is controlled below 50 mM.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the capsule type wet-based fermented fish feed disclosed by the invention has a reasonable formula design, fish meal, wet-based fermented soybean meal, rape cake, cottonseed meal, flour, rice bran, full-fat soybean and wheat bran are taken as protein sources, soybean oil is taken as an oil source, a mineral composition and a vitamin composition provide essential mineral major elements, trace elements and vitamins for fish growth, microcrystalline cellulose and bentonite are used for adjusting the volume and the density of the fish feed, monocalcium phosphate is taken as a feed additive for aquaculture animals, thraustochytrid powder contains rich DHA and can be used as an additive in the fish feed to promote the growth condition and the muscle quality of fish, choline chloride can stimulate the fish to gain weight, nano selenium stimulates, synthesizes and expresses a plurality of important selenases and selenoproteins such as glutathione peroxidase, thioredoxin reductase and selenoprotein P to provide defense against oxidative stress for fish somatic cells, by adding proper nano selenium, the fish can generate enough selenoprotein, improve immunity and reduce various infections and diseases;
(2) according to the capsule type wet-based fermented fish feed disclosed by the invention, the wet-based fermented soybean meal is adopted to replace common soybean meal, the link of drying treatment is omitted, the capsule type wet-based fermented fish feed can be directly added into the fish feed, macromolecular proteins in the soybean meal can be promoted to be decomposed into small peptides and amino acids, various microorganisms and various active factors such as digestive enzymes, acids, vitamins and soybean isoflavone can be generated, anti-nutritional factors existing in the soybean meal can be effectively degraded or eliminated, and thus the bioavailability of nutritional substances is improved;
(3) according to the preparation method of the capsule type wet-based fermented fish feed, the water-soluble soybean polysaccharide and the gelatin are used as coating materials, a micro-capsule structure is easy to form, the fish feed is coated in the micro-capsule structure to form the micro-capsule, the thickness of the capsule film is thick, heat transfer can be effectively prevented, and the capsule type wet-based fermented fish feed is convenient to store.
Detailed Description
In the following, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described in the embodiments with reference to specific experimental data, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The following examples provide a capsule type wet-based fermented fish feed comprising the following components in percentage by weight: 25-26 parts of fish meal, 15-16 parts of wet-based fermented soybean meal, 9-10 parts of vegetable cake, 9-10 parts of cottonseed meal, 9-10 parts of flour, 8-9 parts of rice bran, 3-4 parts of full-fat soybean, 2-3 parts of wheat bran, 1-2 parts of soybean oil, 1-2 parts of a mineral composition, 1-2 parts of microcrystalline cellulose, 0.5-1 part of bentonite, 0.5-1 part of monocalcium phosphate, 0.5-1 part of a vitamin composition, 0.5-1 part of thraustochytrium powder, 0.2-0.3 part of choline chloride and 0.005-0.01 part of nano selenium; the fish feed is prepared into capsule type wet-based fermented fish feed by taking water-soluble soybean polysaccharide and gelatin as coating materials and adopting a complex coacervation method of the water-soluble soybean polysaccharide and the gelatin.
Further, the mineral composition comprises Ca (H)2PO4)、CaCO3、KCl、NaH2PO4、MgSO4Ferric citrate, ZnCO3、KAl(SO4)2、CuSO4·5H2O、CoCl2、MnSO4·H2O, KI, respectively; wherein 445-450mg Ca (H) is allocated in each 1kg of fish feed2PO4)、180-182mg CaCO3、165-166mg KCl、135-136mg NaH2PO4、50-53mg MgSO413-15mg of ferric citrate and 1.8-2.0mg of ZnCO3、1.5-1.6mg KAl(SO4)2、0.7-0.8mg CuSO4·5H2O、0.6-0.8mg CoCl2、0.6-0.8mg MnSO4·H2O、0.1-0.2mg KI。
Further, the vitamin composition comprises inositol, vitamin C, vitamin E, calcium pantothenate, riboflavin, nicotinic acid, thiamine, menadione, pyridoxine hydrochloride, vitamin A, folic acid, biotin, vitamin D3, and vitamin B12; wherein, per 1kg of fish feed, 400mg of inositol 395, 205mg of vitamin C200, 95-100mg of vitamin E, 40-45mg of pantothenic acid, 20-25mg of riboflavin, 15-20mg of nicotinic acid, 10-15mg of thiamine, 8-12mg of menadione, 8-12mg of pyridoxine hydrochloride, 7-8mg of vitamin A, 5-6mg of folic acid, 1.0-1.5mg of biotin, 0.4-0.6mg of vitamin D3 and 20-25 mu g of vitamin B12 are prepared.
Example 1
The preparation method of the capsule type wet-based fermented fish feed comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing wet-base fermented soybean meal: adding distilled water into the bean pulp for mixing, wherein the mass ratio of the bean pulp to the distilled water5:3, uniformly mixing, placing in a fermentation tank, and then inoculating a strain, wherein the strain adopts lactobacillus, saccharomycetes and bacillus subtilis, and fermenting at the temperature of 35 ℃ for 10 days to obtain wet-based fermented soybean meal; the lactobacillus is 2.3 multiplied by 108CFH/g, the yeast is 1.5 multiplied by 109CFH/g, 1.9 x 10 of the bacillus subtilis7CFH/g；
(2) Preparing a capsule type wet-based fermented fish feed: the fish feed comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 25.2 parts of fish meal, 15.4 parts of wet-based fermented soybean meal, 9.6 parts of rape cake, 9.2 parts of cottonseed meal, 9.1 parts of flour, 8.0 parts of rice bran, 3.5 parts of full-fat soybean, 2.2 parts of wheat bran, 1.6 parts of soybean oil, mineral compositions (446 mg of Ca (H2PO4), 182mg of CaCO3, 165.2mg of KCl, 136mg of NaH2PO4, 52mg of MgSO4, 14mg of ferric citrate, 1.82mg of ZnCO3, 1.54mg of KAl (SO4)2, 0.74mg of CuSO 4.5H 2O, 0.67mg of CoCl 5, 0.68mg of MnSO 4.H 2O, 0.15mg of KI), 1.2 parts of microcrystalline cellulose, 0.65 parts of bentonite, 0.5 parts of calcium dihydrogen phosphate and vitamin compositions (398 mg of each 1kg of fish feed, 202mg of vitamin C, 5896 mg of vitamin A, 18mg of vitamin D, vitamin E5 mg of pyridoxine, vitamin A5, vitamin D, vitamin E5 mg of 1.2 mg of vitamin A5, vitamin A, vitamin E5 mg of 1.7 mg of vitamin E, vitamin E3 mg of 1.7 mg of vitamin E and vitamin E, Vitamin B12 of 23 mu g), 0.8 part of thraustochytrid powder, 0.26 part of choline chloride and 0.008 part of nano selenium; preparing fish meal, wet-based fermented soybean meal, rape cake, cottonseed meal, flour, rice bran, full-fat soybean, wheat bran, soybean oil, a mineral composition, microcrystalline cellulose, bentonite, monocalcium phosphate, a vitamin composition, thraustochytrium powder, choline chloride and nano selenium according to a proportion, preparing fish feed particles with the diameter of 1mm by using a granulator, and storing the fish feed particles in a refrigerator at the temperature of-20 ℃ for later use after air drying; taking water-soluble soybean polysaccharide and gelatin as coating materials, mixing the water-soluble soybean polysaccharide and the gelatin, dissolving the mixture in distilled water, uniformly mixing the mixture under high-speed stirring, and adding fish feed, wherein the mass ratio of the water-soluble soybean polysaccharide to the gelatin to the fish feed is 5.5: 2: 1.8, controlling the salt ion concentration below 50mM, stirring for 5h, uniformly mixing, adjusting the pH value to 3.5, standing at the temperature of 3 ℃ for 24h, freezing by using liquid nitrogen, and drying by using a freeze dryer to obtain the capsule type wet-based fermented fish feed.
Example 2
The preparation method of the capsule type wet-based fermented fish feed comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing wet-base fermented soybean meal: adding distilled water into bean pulp for mixing, wherein the mass ratio of the bean pulp to the distilled water is 5:4, uniformly mixing, placing in a fermentation tank, inoculating with a strain, and fermenting at 33 ℃ for 10 days by using lactobacillus, saccharomycetes and bacillus subtilis to obtain wet-based fermented bean pulp; the lactobacillus is 2.3 multiplied by 108CFH/g, the yeast is 1.5 multiplied by 109CFH/g, 1.9 x 10 of the bacillus subtilis7CFH/g；
(2) Preparing a capsule type wet-based fermented fish feed: the fish feed comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 25.2 parts of fish meal, 15.6 parts of wet-based fermented soybean meal, 9.8 parts of rape cake, 9.2 parts of cottonseed meal, 9.0 parts of flour, 8.4 parts of rice bran, 3.6 parts of full-fat soybean, 2.0 parts of wheat bran, 1.6 parts of soybean oil, mineral compositions (446 mg of Ca (H2PO4), 182mg of CaCO3, 165.2mg of KCl, 136mg of NaH2PO4, 52mg of MgSO4, 14mg of ferric citrate, 1.82mg of ZnCO3, 1.54mg of KAl (SO4)2, 0.74mg of CuSO 4.5H 2O, 0.67mg of CoCl2, 0.68mg of MnSO 4.H 2O, 0.15mg of KI), 1.8 parts of microcrystalline cellulose, 0.7 parts of bentonite, 0.6 parts of calcium dihydrogen phosphate and vitamin compositions (398 mg of each 1kg of fish feed, 202mg of vitamin C, 23mg, 14.6 mg of vitamin E, 1.7 mg of vitamin A, 14mg of pyridoxine, 14mg of vitamin A, 14mg of vitamin E, 14mg of vitamin A, 1.7 mg of pyridoxine, 1.7 mg of vitamin A, 1.6 mg of vitamin A, vitamin E, 0.52mg of vitamin D3, 23 mu g of vitamin B12), 0.9 part of thraustochytrid fungus powder, 0.2 part of choline chloride and 0.005 part of nano selenium; preparing fish meal, wet-based fermented soybean meal, rape cake, cottonseed meal, flour, rice bran, full-fat soybean, wheat bran, soybean oil, a mineral composition, microcrystalline cellulose, bentonite, monocalcium phosphate, a vitamin composition, thraustochytrium powder, choline chloride and nano selenium according to a proportion, preparing fish feed particles with the diameter of 1.5mm by using a granulator, and storing the fish feed particles in a refrigerator at the temperature of 20 ℃ below zero for later use after air drying; taking water-soluble soybean polysaccharide and gelatin as coating materials, mixing the water-soluble soybean polysaccharide and the gelatin, dissolving the mixture in distilled water, uniformly mixing the mixture under high-speed stirring, and adding fish feed, wherein the mass ratio of the water-soluble soybean polysaccharide to the gelatin to the fish feed is 3: 1: 1, controlling the salt ion concentration below 50mM, stirring for 6h, uniformly mixing, adjusting the pH value to 4.0, standing at the temperature of 3-5 ℃ for 24h, freezing by using liquid nitrogen, and drying by using a freeze dryer to obtain the capsule type wet-based fermented fish feed.
Example 3
The preparation method of the capsule type wet-based fermented fish feed comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing wet-base fermented soybean meal: adding distilled water into bean pulp for mixing, wherein the mass ratio of the bean pulp to the distilled water is 10:7, uniformly mixing, placing in a fermentation tank, inoculating with a strain, and fermenting at 35 ℃ for 10 days by using lactobacillus, saccharomycetes and bacillus subtilis to obtain wet-based fermented bean pulp; the lactobacillus is 2.3 multiplied by 108CFH/g, the yeast is 1.5 multiplied by 109CFH/g, 1.9 x 10 of the bacillus subtilis7CFH/g；
(2) Preparing a capsule type wet-based fermented fish feed: the fish feed comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 25.0 parts of fish meal, 15.5 parts of wet-based fermented soybean meal, 9.4 parts of rape cake, 9.5 parts of cottonseed meal, 9.0 parts of flour, 8.6 parts of rice bran, 3.5 parts of full-fat soybean, 2.2 parts of wheat bran, 1.5 parts of soybean oil, mineral compositions (446 mg of Ca (H2PO4), 182mg of CaCO3, 165.2mg of KCl, 136mg of NaH2PO4, 52mg of MgSO4, 14mg of ferric citrate, 1.82mg of ZnCO3, 1.54mg of KAl (SO4)2, 0.74mg of CuSO 4.5H 2O, 0.67mg of CoCl 5, 0.68mg of MnSO 4.H 2O, 0.15mg of KI), 1.5 parts of microcrystalline cellulose, 0.6 parts of bentonite, 0.5 parts of calcium dihydrogen phosphate and vitamin compositions (398 mg of each 1kg of fish feed, 202mg of vitamin C, 5896 mg of vitamin A, 18mg of vitamin D, 18mg of vitamin A, 14.5 mg of vitamin D, vitamin A, vitamin D, vitamin E5 mg of vitamin E, vitamin E3.6 mg of 1.7 mg of vitamin A3 mg of vitamin E5 mg of 1.7 mg of 1.5mg of vitamin E, vitamin E3 mg of vitamin E5 mg of vitamin E and vitamin E, 23 mu g of vitamin B12), 1.0 part of thraustochytrid fungus powder, 0.25 part of choline chloride and 0.01 part of nano selenium; preparing fish meal, wet-based fermented soybean meal, rape cake, cottonseed meal, flour, rice bran, full-fat soybean, wheat bran, soybean oil, a mineral composition, microcrystalline cellulose, bentonite, monocalcium phosphate, a vitamin composition, thraustochytrium powder, choline chloride and nano selenium according to a proportion, preparing fish feed particles with the diameter of 1mm by using a granulator, and storing the fish feed particles in a refrigerator at the temperature of-20 ℃ for later use after air drying; taking water-soluble soybean polysaccharide and gelatin as coating materials, mixing the water-soluble soybean polysaccharide and the gelatin, dissolving the mixture in distilled water, uniformly mixing the mixture under high-speed stirring, and adding fish feed, wherein the mass ratio of the water-soluble soybean polysaccharide to the gelatin to the fish feed is 6: 2.5: 1.5, controlling the salt ion concentration below 50mM, stirring for 6h, uniformly mixing, adjusting the pH value to 3.5, standing at the temperature of 3 ℃ for 24h, freezing by using liquid nitrogen, and drying by using a freeze dryer to obtain the capsule type wet-based fermented fish feed.
Comparative example 1
The preparation method of the capsule type wet-based fermented fish feed comprises the following steps:
the fish feed comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 25.0 parts of fish meal, 15.5 parts of soybean meal, 9.4 parts of rape cake, 9.5 parts of cottonseed meal, 9.0 parts of flour, 8.6 parts of rice bran, 3.5 parts of full-fat soybean, 2.2 parts of wheat bran, 1.5 parts of soybean oil, mineral compositions (446 mg of Ca (H2PO4), 182mg of CaCO3, 165.2mg of KCl, 136mg of NaH2PO4, 52mg of MgSO4, 14mg of ferric citrate, 1.82mg of ZnCO3, 1.54mg of KAl (SO4)2, 0.74mg of CuSO 4.5H 2O, 0.67mg of CoCl2, 0.68mg of MnSO 4.H 2O, 0.15mg of KI), 1.5 parts of microcrystalline cellulose, 0.6 parts of bentonite, 0.5 parts of calcium dihydrogen phosphate and vitamin compositions (398 mg of vitamin D, 398mg of vitamin C, 5896 mg of vitamin A, 2, 14.7 mg of vitamin A, 14mg of vitamin A, 14.6 mg of vitamin D, 14mg of vitamin A, vitamin D, vitamin E, vitamin A3.5 mg of vitamin A, vitamin E, vitamin A3.5 mg of vitamin A3.5 mg, vitamin A3 mg of vitamin A3.5 mg of vitamin A3 mg of 1.5mg of vitamin D3 mg of vitamin A3 mg of 1.5, vitamin D5 mg of vitamin A3 mg of 1.5, vitamin E5 mg of vitamin E5, vitamin A3 mg of 1.5, vitamin E5, vitamin A3 mg of 1kg in fish feed, vitamin E5 mg of fish feed, vitamin E5 mg of vitamin A3 mg of 1.5, vitamin A3 mg of 1.7 mg of 1.5 and vitamin A3 mg of each 1.5, vitamin A3 mg of fish feed, vitamin A3.5, vitamin A3 mg of fish feed, vitamin A3 mg of vitamin A5 and vitamin A5 mg of vitamin A3 mg of vitamin A5 and vitamin A3 mg of vitamin A5 and vitamin A3 mg of vitamin A5 in 1.5 in 1 in 1.5 in, 23 mu g of vitamin B12) and 0.25 part of choline chloride; preparing fish meal, bean pulp, rape seed meal, cottonseed meal, flour, rice bran, full-fat soybean, wheat bran, soybean oil, a mineral composition, microcrystalline cellulose, bentonite, monocalcium phosphate, a vitamin composition and choline chloride according to a proportion, preparing fish feed particles with the diameter of 1mm by using a granulator, air-drying, and storing in a refrigerator at the temperature of-20 ℃ for later use; taking water-soluble soybean polysaccharide and gelatin as coating materials, mixing the water-soluble soybean polysaccharide and the gelatin, dissolving the mixture in distilled water, uniformly mixing the mixture under high-speed stirring, and adding fish feed, wherein the mass ratio of the water-soluble soybean polysaccharide to the gelatin to the fish feed is 6: 2.5: 1.5, controlling the salt ion concentration below 50mM, stirring for 6h, uniformly mixing, adjusting the pH value to 3.5, standing at the temperature of 3 ℃ for 24h, freezing by using liquid nitrogen, and drying by using a freeze dryer to obtain the capsule type wet-based fermented fish feed.
Effect verification:
the test was carried out using the capsule type wet-based fermented fish feeds obtained in example 1, example 2, example 3, and comparative example 1.
Test fish and feeding management: carp fry is used as a test fish, the carp fry is domesticated in a circulating water system by using carp fry feed in the prior art for 2 weeks, and during the domestication period, 8: 00. feeding for 12:30 and 16: 30. After acclimatization, 192 fish with regular specification, strong constitution, no disease and no injury are selected and randomly divided into 4 groups, each group is 3 in repetition, each group is 16 in repetition, each group is randomly placed into 12 circulating water jars of 200L for cultivation, and the capsule type wet-based fermented fish feed obtained in the above example 1, example 2, example 3 and comparative example 1 is respectively fed. The culture time is 2021 year, beginning at 5-29 th day and ending at 7-29 th day, and is 2 months in total. Feeding three times a day during the culture period (8:00, 12:30 and 16:30), wherein the feeding is satiated (no more than 2/3 is taken as the standard); the food intake and water temperature of each fish in the fish tank are recorded every day, the water is changed for 1/3 every day, and the water change amount is increased when the water temperature is too high. And (4) observing the activity condition and the ingestion condition of the tested fish in the morning and evening and during feeding, fishing out and observing the fish in time when death condition is found, taking corresponding measures to prevent and control, and weighing, counting and recording.
Growth and biological trait determination: after the culture test is finished, the test fish starves for 24h so as to empty the food in the intestinal tract. After the test fish was anesthetized with MS-222, it was counted, weighed and measured for body length, its internal organs (liver, intestine, abdominal fat, spleen, kidney) were dissected and taken out and weighed, and its length was measured and recorded in the intestinal tract. And calculating the growth and biological performances such as Specific Growth Rate (SGR), Feed Conversion Rate (FCR), fullness and the like. The test results are shown in Table 1.
Measuring the selenium content in the muscle: the test fish is prepared into a muscle selenium content sample and sent to Szechwan Wille detection technology GmbH for muscle selenium content determination. The test results are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1
Figure BDA0003431149420000141
The invention has many applications, and the above description is only a preferred embodiment of the invention. It should be noted that the above examples are only for illustrating the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications can be made without departing from the principles of the invention and these modifications are to be considered within the scope of the invention.

Claims (7)

1. The capsule type wet-based fermented fish feed is characterized by comprising the following components in percentage by weight: 25-26 parts of fish meal, 15-16 parts of wet-based fermented soybean meal, 9-10 parts of vegetable cake, 9-10 parts of cottonseed meal, 9-10 parts of flour, 8-9 parts of rice bran, 3-4 parts of full-fat soybean, 2-3 parts of wheat bran, 1-2 parts of soybean oil, 1-2 parts of a mineral composition, 1-2 parts of microcrystalline cellulose, 0.5-1 part of bentonite, 0.5-1 part of monocalcium phosphate, 0.5-1 part of a vitamin composition, 0.5-1 part of thraustochytrium powder, 0.2-0.3 part of choline chloride and 0.005-0.01 part of nano selenium; the fish feed is prepared into capsule type wet-based fermented fish feed by taking water-soluble soybean polysaccharide and gelatin as coating materials and adopting a complex coacervation method of the water-soluble soybean polysaccharide and the gelatin.
2. The encapsulated wet fermented fish feed of claim 1 wherein the mineral composition comprises Ca (H)2PO4)、CaCO3、KCl、NaH2PO4、MgSO4Ferric citrate, ZnCO3、KAl(SO4)2、CuSO4•5H2O、CoCl2、MnSO4•H2O, KI, respectively; wherein 445-450mg Ca (H) is allocated in each 1kg of fish feed2PO4)、180-182 mg CaCO3、165-166 mg KCl、135-136 mg NaH2PO4、50-53 mg MgSO413-15mg of ferric citrate and 1.8-2.0mg of ZnCO3、1.5-1.6mg KAl(SO4)2、0.7-0.8 mg CuSO4•5H2O、0.6-0.8 mg CoCl2、0.6-0.8 mg MnSO4•H2O、0.1-0.2 mg KI。
3. The encapsulated wet fermented fish feed of claim 1 wherein the vitamin composition comprises inositol, vitamin C, vitamin E, pantothenic acid, riboflavin, niacin, thiamine, menadione, pyridoxine hydrochloride, vitamin a, folic acid, biotin, vitamin D3, vitamin B12; wherein, per 1kg of fish feed, 400mg of inositol 395, 205mg of vitamin C200, 95-100mg of vitamin E, 40-45mg of pantothenic acid, 20-25mg of riboflavin, 15-20mg of nicotinic acid, 10-15mg of thiamine, 8-12mg of menadione, 8-12mg of pyridoxine hydrochloride, 7-8mg of vitamin A, 5-6mg of folic acid, 1.0-1.5mg of biotin, 0.4-0.6mg of vitamin D3 and 20-25 mu g of vitamin B12 are prepared.
4. The method for preparing a capsule type wet basis fermented fish feed according to any one of claims 1 to 3, comprising preparing wet basis fermented soybean meal, preparing a capsule type wet basis fermented fish feed; the preparation method of the wet-based fermented soybean meal comprises the following steps: adding distilled water into bean pulp for mixing, wherein the mass ratio of the bean pulp to the distilled water is 1:0.5-1, uniformly mixing, placing in a fermentation tank, and inoculating with a strain, wherein the strain adopts lactobacillus, saccharomycetes and bacillus subtilis, and fermenting at the temperature of 30-40 ℃ for 8-10 days to obtain the wet-based fermented bean pulp.
5. The method for preparing wet fermented fish feed in capsule form according to claim 4, wherein the lactobacillus is 2.3X 108CFH/g, the yeast is 1.5 multiplied by 109CFH/g, 1.9 x 10 of the bacillus subtilis7CFH/g。
6. The method for preparing a capsule type wet basis fermented fish feed as claimed in claim 4, wherein the preparation of the capsule type wet basis fermented fish feed comprises the steps of: preparing fish meal, wet-based fermented soybean meal, rape cake, cottonseed meal, flour, rice bran, full-fat soybean, wheat bran, soybean oil, a mineral composition, microcrystalline cellulose, bentonite, monocalcium phosphate, a vitamin composition, thraustochytrium powder, choline chloride and nano selenium according to a proportion, preparing fish feed particles with the diameter of 1-1.5mm by using a granulator, and storing the fish feed particles in a refrigerator at the temperature of-20 ℃ for later use after air drying; taking water-soluble soybean polysaccharide and gelatin as coating materials, mixing the water-soluble soybean polysaccharide and the gelatin, dissolving the mixture in distilled water, uniformly mixing the mixture under high-speed stirring, adding the fish feed, stirring for 4 to 6 hours, uniformly mixing, adjusting the pH value to 3.5 to 4.5, standing the mixture at the temperature of between 3 and 5 ℃ for 20 to 24 hours, freezing the mixture by using liquid nitrogen, and drying the mixture by using a freeze dryer to obtain the capsule type wet-based fermented fish feed.
7. The method for preparing the capsule type wet-based fermented fish feed as claimed in claim 6, wherein the mass ratio of the water-soluble soybean polysaccharide, the gelatin and the fish feed is 5-6: 2-3: 1-2, and the salt ion concentration is controlled below 50 mM.
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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN115069180A (en) * 2022-07-20 2022-09-20 浙江惠嘉生物科技股份有限公司 Secondary cross-linking type plant essential oil microcapsule as well as preparation method and application thereof
CN115316568A (en) * 2022-09-06 2022-11-11 嘉兴南湖学院 Capsule type wet-based fermented fish feed and preparation method thereof
CN117461737A (en) * 2023-12-05 2024-01-30 山东晟迅康生物科技有限公司 Feed additive for reducing nutrition loss and preparation method thereof

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN115069180A (en) * 2022-07-20 2022-09-20 浙江惠嘉生物科技股份有限公司 Secondary cross-linking type plant essential oil microcapsule as well as preparation method and application thereof
CN115069180B (en) * 2022-07-20 2022-11-04 浙江惠嘉生物科技股份有限公司 Secondary cross-linking type plant essential oil microcapsule as well as preparation method and application thereof
CN115316568A (en) * 2022-09-06 2022-11-11 嘉兴南湖学院 Capsule type wet-based fermented fish feed and preparation method thereof
CN117461737A (en) * 2023-12-05 2024-01-30 山东晟迅康生物科技有限公司 Feed additive for reducing nutrition loss and preparation method thereof
CN117461737B (en) * 2023-12-05 2024-05-03 山东晟迅康生物科技有限公司 Feed additive for reducing nutrition loss and preparation method thereof

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