CN114246265A - Concentrated feed for fattening cattle and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Concentrated feed for fattening cattle and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN114246265A CN114246265A CN202111669652.0A CN202111669652A CN114246265A CN 114246265 A CN114246265 A CN 114246265A CN 202111669652 A CN202111669652 A CN 202111669652A CN 114246265 A CN114246265 A CN 114246265A
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- feed
- amino acid
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- acid chelate
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/10—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for ruminants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
- A23K10/12—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes by fermentation of natural products, e.g. of vegetable material, animal waste material or biomass
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
- A23K10/37—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
- A23K20/26—Compounds containing phosphorus
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
- A23K20/30—Oligoelements
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K40/00—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
- Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production
Abstract
The invention provides a concentrated feed for fattening cattle and a preparation method thereof, belonging to the technical field of animal nutrition and feed. The cattle fattening concentrated feed comprises the following components in parts by mass: 60-72% of energy feed, 16-24% of protein feed, 4-5% of medicated leaven, 4-5% of hawthorn, 1-3% of schisandra chinensis, 1-2% of salt, 0.5-1% of sodium hydrogen phosphate, 0.5-1% of calcium bicarbonate and 0.4-0.6% of microelement amino acid chelate. According to the invention, on the basis of energy feed and protein feed, medicated leaven, hawthorn and schisandra chinensis are added, so that the digestion capacity of beef cattle can be improved, and the absorption of the beef cattle to feed nutrients is promoted; the form of the microelement amino acid chelate is used as a microelement source, so that the bioavailability of the microelement is improved, the growth of beef cattle is promoted, and the yield and the quality of the beef cattle are improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of animal nutrition and feed, and particularly relates to concentrated feed for fattening cattle and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The beef cattle, namely beef cattle, is a cattle variety mainly used for producing beef and is characterized by plump body, fast weight increment, high feed utilization rate, good meat production performance and good meat quality and taste. The beef cattle not only provides meat products for people, but also provides other subsidiary food for people. The domestic beef supply in China is slowly increased and the demand is vigorous, the domestic beef price is kept high all the time since 2013, the average price of the domestic beef is about 60 yuan/kg and is far higher than the average price of 25 yuan/kg of the international beef, the beef supply and demand relation is forward to be tighter, and therefore the improvement of the specialization level of beef cattle breeding is a direction to be urgently improved. In the beef cattle breeding process, the feed supply is one of the key links for determining the yield and the quality of beef, the feed supply determines the energy and the nutrition taken by the beef cattle, the growth speed of the beef cattle and the feed supply in the beef cattle fattening stage are more critical. The feed for the beef cattle fattening period needs to meet the energy and nutrition requirements fully, improve the feed utilization rate, improve the beef nutrient content and improve the beef quality through reasonable proportion according to the growth rule of the beef cattle. However, the existing commercial feed has uneven quality, often has the problems of insufficient feed energy and nutrition, low utilization rate, high cost, single structure and the like, and influences the long-term development of beef quality and beef breeding industry.
In addition, in order to pursue higher economic benefit, the existing farmers are not suitable for feeding management, most of the existing farmers do not adopt scientific feed proportioning, so that digestive system diseases of beef cattle are often caused, the common diseases include acute bovine gastrectasia, ruminal tympany, bovine esophageal infarction and the like, the clinical manifestations of the existing dairy cattle are complex and various, the existing dairy cattle farmers are mainly caused by unreasonable feeding management, particularly, the feed quality is poor, the feeding mode is incorrect, the possibility of the occurrence of the digestive diseases is increased, the feeding cost is improved, and the economic benefit is reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention aims to provide the concentrated feed for fattening cattle and the preparation method thereof, which have scientific proportioning and balanced nutrients, can solve the problem of dyspepsia in the feeding process of beef cattle, promote the growth of the beef cattle, and improve the yield and quality of slaughtered beef cattle.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
the concentrated feed for fattening cattle comprises the following components in parts by mass:
60-72% of energy feed, 16-24% of protein feed, 4-5% of medicated leaven, 4-5% of hawthorn, 1-3% of schisandra chinensis, 1-2% of salt, 0.5-1% of sodium hydrogen phosphate, 0.5-1% of sodium bicarbonate and 0.4-0.6% of microelement amino acid chelate.
Preferably, the energy feed comprises corn, defatted rice bran and carrot.
More preferably, the energy feed consists of corn, defatted rice bran and carrot in a mass ratio of 4:1-2: 1-2.
Preferably, the protein feed comprises soybean cake and rapeseed.
More preferably, the protein feed consists of soybean cake and rapeseed in a mass ratio of 1-2: 1-2.
Preferably, the trace element amino acid chelate includes iron amino acid chelate, zinc amino acid chelate, selenium amino acid chelate, and manganese amino acid chelate.
More preferably, the microelement amino acid chelate is composed of amino acid chelate iron, amino acid chelate zinc, amino acid chelate selenium and amino acid chelate manganese according to the mass ratio of 1:1:1: 1.
Preferably, the grain size of the cattle fattening concentrated feed is 10-20 meshes.
The invention also aims to provide a preparation method of the concentrated feed for fattening cattle, which comprises the following steps: weighing energy feed, protein feed, medicated leaven, hawthorn, schisandra chinensis, salt, sodium hydrogen phosphate, calcium bicarbonate and microelement amino acid chelate according to the mass parts, uniformly mixing, crushing and sieving.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention has provided a cattle to raise fertile concentrated feed and its preparation method, add medicated leaven, Crataegus oxyacantha and fructus Schisandrae chinensis in the concentrated feed, the medicated leaven is adding flour or bran to mix for medicine such as polygonum hydropiper, herba Artemisiae Annuae, Xanthium sibiricum, almond, etc., yeast preparation fermented, contain microzyme, the active ingredient includes volatile oil, glycosides, fatty oil and vitamin B, invigorate the spleen and regulate stomach, promote digestion and dispel food stagnation; the hawthorn can promote digestion, invigorate stomach, promote qi circulation and dissipate blood stasis; the schisandra chinensis can improve the resistance of the beef cattle to adverse environment and improve the immunity and anti-stress capability of the beef cattle. The medicated leaven and the hawthorn are matched with the schisandra chinensis, so that the absorption and digestion capacity of the beef cattle to the feed can be promoted, the problem of dyspepsia is avoided, and the stress reaction of the beef cattle in the feed adjustment process is relieved.
The beef cattle usually lack of microelements such as iron, zinc, selenium and the like in the growth process, and the amino acid chelated microelements are used as the sources of the microelements, so that the relative bioavailability of the microelements is improved, the growth of the beef cattle is accelerated, and the yield and the quality of beef are improved.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a cattle fattening concentrated feed which comprises the following components in parts by mass: 60-72% of energy feed, 16-24% of protein feed, 4-5% of medicated leaven, 4-5% of hawthorn, 1-3% of schisandra chinensis, 1-2% of salt, 0.5-1% of sodium hydrogen phosphate, 0.5-1% of sodium bicarbonate and 0.4-0.6% of microelement amino acid chelate.
The content of the energy feed is 64-68 percent preferably; further preferably 66%.
Preferred energy feeds of the invention include corn, defatted rice bran and carrot; further preferably, the mass ratio of the corn, the defatted rice bran and the carrot is 4:1-2: 1-2; more preferably 4:1: 1. The available substances contained in the corn are higher than those of any grain feed, the corn contains more starch, and sufficient energy can be provided for the beef cattle; the rice bran has poor palatability, the addition amount is large, the growth and feed demand of beef cattle can be reduced, the defatted rice bran is used for replacing the rice bran, the palatability is optimized, the phenomenon that the beef carcass quality is reduced due to feeding of the rice bran cannot occur, and the beef cattle can be prevented from diarrhea; the carrot contains more sugar and carotene, has good palatability, has a nursing effect, can supplement vitamins, and improves the feed intake of beef cattle.
The content of the protein feed is 18-22% in the invention; further preferably 20%.
Preferred protein feeds of the invention include soybean cakes and rapeseed; further preferably, the mass ratio of the soybean cake to the rapeseed is 1-2: 1-2; more preferably 1: 1.
The invention preferably contains 4.5 percent of medicated leaven, 4.5 percent of hawthorn and 2 percent of schisandra. Medicated leaven is prepared by mixing herba Polygoni Hydropiperis, herba Artemisiae Annuae, herba Xanthii, semen Armeniacae amarum, and beans with flour or testa Tritici, fermenting to obtain leaven, contains yeast, contains volatile oil, glycosides, fatty oil and vitamin B as effective components, and has effects in invigorating spleen, regulating stomach function, promoting digestion, and eliminating stagnation; the hawthorn can promote digestion, invigorate stomach, promote qi circulation and dissipate blood stasis; the schisandra chinensis can regulate epinephrine of beef cattle, improve the resistance of the beef cattle to adverse environment, and improve the immunity and anti-stress capability of the beef cattle. The medicated leaven and the hawthorn are matched with the schisandra chinensis, so that the feed intake of the beef cattle can be improved, the absorption and digestion capacity of the beef cattle on the feed can be promoted, the problem of dyspepsia is avoided, and the stress reaction of the beef cattle in the process of adjusting the feed is relieved. The medicated leaven, the hawthorn and the schisandra chinensis are used as natural substance additives, so that residues formed by adopting antibiotics, chemical mixtures and the like in the cattle feed are avoided.
The invention preferably contains 1.5 percent of common salt, 0.5 percent of sodium hydrogen phosphate and 0.5 percent of calcium hydrophosphate.
The content of the preferable microelement amino acid chelate is 0.5 percent; further preferably, the microelement amino acid chelate comprises amino acid chelate iron, amino acid chelate zinc, amino acid chelate selenium and amino acid chelate manganese; more preferably, the microelement amino acid chelate is composed of amino acid chelate iron, amino acid chelate zinc, amino acid chelate selenium and amino acid chelate manganese according to the mass ratio of 1:1:1: 1. The invention takes the amino acid chelated trace elements as the source of the trace elements, improves the relative bioavailability of the trace elements, accelerates the growth of beef cattle, and improves the yield and the quality of beef.
The grain size of the concentrated feed for fattening cattle is preferably 10-20 meshes; further preferably, the particle size is 15 mesh. The grinding is a common processing mode of beef cattle feed, and the grinding of the feed is not suitable for being too fine and too coarse. Compared with the fine powder, the coarse powder can improve palatability, improve the secretion of cattle saliva and increase rumination; the thinness of the feed reduces the feed intake of cattle, and the retention time in the rumen is short, resulting in a decrease in feed conversion ratio and a decrease in weight gain of cattle.
The technical solutions provided by the present invention are described in detail below with reference to examples, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
A concentrated feed for fattening cattle is prepared by the following steps:
weighing 440g of corn, 110g of defatted rice bran, 110g of carrot, 100g of soybean cake, 100g of rapeseed, 45g of medicated leaven, 45g of hawthorn, 20g of Chinese magnoliavine fruit, 15g of salt, 5g of sodium hydrogen phosphate, 5g of calcium hydrophosphate, 1.25g of amino acid chelated iron, 1.25g of amino acid chelated zinc, 1.25g of amino acid chelated selenium and 1.25g of amino acid chelated manganese per 1000g of the raw materials, uniformly mixing the raw materials for later use, crushing the mixture, and sieving the mixture through a 15-mesh sieve to obtain the concentrated feed for fattening cattle.
Example 2
A concentrated feed for fattening cattle is prepared by the following steps:
347g of corn, 173.5g of defatted rice bran, 173.5g of carrot, 80g of soybean cake, 60g of rapeseed, 50g of medicated leaven, 50g of hawthorn, 30g of Chinese magnoliavine fruit, 10g of salt, 10g of sodium hydrogen phosphate, 10g of calcium hydrophosphate, 1.5g of amino acid chelated iron, 1.5g of amino acid chelated zinc, 1.5g of amino acid chelated selenium and 1.5g of amino acid chelated manganese are weighed according to each 1000g of the mixture, and the mixture is uniformly mixed for later use, crushed and sieved by a sieve with 10 meshes to obtain the concentrated feed for fattening cattle.
Example 3
A concentrated feed for fattening cattle is prepared by the following steps:
weighing 400g of corn, 200g of defatted rice bran, 100g of carrot, 60g of soybean cake, 120g of rapeseed, 40g of medicated leaven, 40g of hawthorn, 10g of Chinese magnoliavine fruit, 10g of salt, 6g of sodium hydrogen phosphate, 10g of calcium hydrophosphate, 1g of amino acid chelated iron, 1g of amino acid chelated zinc, 1g of amino acid chelated selenium and 1g of amino acid chelated manganese per 1000g of corn, uniformly mixing for later use, crushing and sieving by a 20-mesh sieve to obtain the concentrated feed for fattening cattle.
Comparative example 1
The formula is the same as that of the example 1, except that Chinese herbal medicines and trace elements are not added.
Comparative example 2
The formulation is the same as that of example 1, except that no Chinese herbal medicine is added.
Comparative example 3
The formulation was the same as in example 1 except that no trace elements were added.
Example 4
Influence on cumulative weight gain of beef cattle fed with different concentrated feeds
50 healthy and disease-free Simmental cattle with the similar age and the weight of 240kg are randomly divided into 5 groups, and each group has 10 cattle. The cattle of each group were fed in the same trough, concentrated feed (examples 1 and 2, comparative examples 1 to 3) was dosed, and roughage was straw, which satisfied feeding, was freely ingested, and the last remaining amount was measured before feeding. The feed is fed for 2 times every day, the water is drunk for 2 times, the feed is managed by professional personnel, and the feed management of each group is consistent.
At the beginning of the test, the initial weight is weighed twice in an empty stomach, and the average value is taken; weigh twice 45d and 90d after the start of the test, twice each time, and average.
TABLE 1 influence kg of different concentrates on the cumulative weight gain of beef cattle
| Group of | Initial weight | Weight of 45d | Weight of 90d | Cumulative weight gain | Daily gain |
| Comparative example 1 | 241.2 | 273.6 | 330.4 | 89.2 | 0.991 |
| Comparative example 2 | 239.4 | 273.3 | 329.9 | 90.5 | 1.006 |
| Comparative example 3 | 241.5 | 274.2 | 339.5 | 98.0 | 1.089 |
| Example 1 | 239.6 | 283.0 | 350.2 | 110.6 | 1.229 |
| Example 2 | 242.1 | 280.6 | 348.1 | 106.0 | 1.178 |
As can be seen from Table 1, on the basis of energy feed, protein feed and the like of beef cattle, the addition of Chinese herbal medicines has obvious influence on the weight gain of beef cattle. Comparative example 3 added Chinese herbal medicine, but the weight gain was not significant due to lack of supplement of trace elements. Through the combined action of the Chinese herbal medicines and the trace elements, the utilization efficiency of the beef cattle on feed nutrients can be improved, the weight gain of the beef cattle is increased, particularly the weight gain is obvious in 45 th-90 th days, and the weight gain in 90 th days is increased by about 20% compared with that in comparative example 1.
Example 5
Influence on beef slaughter quality determination under different concentrated feed feeding
Example 4 after the end of the fattening test, 49 cattle (1 of which was eliminated during the fattening test) were used as slaughter test cattle, fasted 24h before slaughter, water-deprived 8h, and the slaughter rate, net meat rate, and lean meat rate were measured.
TABLE 2 influence of different concentrates on the slaughter quality of beef cattle
| Group of | Slaughter rate | Net meat percentage | Lean meat percentage |
| Comparative example 1 | 60.5％ | 55.2％ | 77.6％ |
| Comparative example 2 | 61.7％ | 55.8％ | 79.4％ |
| Comparative example 3 | 63.5％ | 57.2％ | 80.6％ |
| Example 1 | 67.0％ | 60.3％ | 83.7％ |
| Example 2 | 65.9％ | 59.3％ | 83.3％ |
According to the table 2, the cattle fattening concentrated feed is added with the Chinese herbal medicines and the trace elements, so that the slaughter quality of the beef cattle can be improved, the ketone body weight of the beef cattle is increased, the slaughter rate and the net meat rate are improved by about 5%, and the lean meat rate is also improved by more than 5%.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. The concentrated feed for fattening cattle is characterized by comprising the following components in parts by mass:
60-72% of energy feed, 16-24% of protein feed, 4-5% of medicated leaven, 4-5% of hawthorn, 1-3% of schisandra chinensis, 1-2% of salt, 0.5-1% of sodium hydrogen phosphate, 0.5-1% of calcium bicarbonate and 0.4-0.6% of microelement amino acid chelate.
2. The cattle fattening concentrate feed as claimed in claim 1, wherein the energy feed comprises corn, defatted rice bran and carrots.
3. The cattle fattening concentrated feed as claimed in claim 2, wherein the energy feed consists of corn, defatted rice bran and carrot in a mass ratio of 4:1-2: 1-2.
4. The cattle fattening concentrate feed as claimed in claim 1, wherein the protein feed comprises soybean cakes and rapeseed.
5. The concentrated feed for fattening cattle according to claim 4, wherein the protein feed consists of soybean cakes and rapeseed in a mass ratio of 1-2: 1-2.
6. The cattle fattening concentrated feed as claimed in claim 1, wherein the trace element amino acid chelate comprises iron amino acid chelate, zinc amino acid chelate, selenium amino acid chelate, and manganese amino acid chelate.
7. The concentrated feed for fattening cattle according to claim 6, wherein the trace element amino acid chelate consists of amino acid chelated iron, amino acid chelated zinc, amino acid chelated selenium and amino acid chelated manganese in a mass ratio of 1:1:1: 1.
8. The cattle fattening concentrate as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the grain size of the cattle fattening concentrate is 10 to 20 mesh.
9. A method for preparing a concentrated feed for fattening cattle according to any one of claims 1 to 8, comprising the steps of: weighing energy feed, protein feed, medicated leaven, hawthorn, schisandra chinensis, salt, sodium hydrogen phosphate, calcium bicarbonate and microelement amino acid chelate according to the mass parts, uniformly mixing, crushing and sieving.
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| CN202111669652.0A CN114246265A (en) | 2021-12-31 | 2021-12-31 | Concentrated feed for fattening cattle and preparation method thereof |
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| CN202111669652.0A CN114246265A (en) | 2021-12-31 | 2021-12-31 | Concentrated feed for fattening cattle and preparation method thereof |
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Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104171293A (en) * | 2014-07-04 | 2014-12-03 | 耿马七彩田园牧业有限公司 | Preparation process of beef concentrated feed |
| CN104585489A (en) * | 2014-12-11 | 2015-05-06 | 黄南概 | An herbal dry-mixed feed and a preparation method thereof |
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2021
- 2021-12-31 CN CN202111669652.0A patent/CN114246265A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104171293A (en) * | 2014-07-04 | 2014-12-03 | 耿马七彩田园牧业有限公司 | Preparation process of beef concentrated feed |
| CN104585489A (en) * | 2014-12-11 | 2015-05-06 | 黄南概 | An herbal dry-mixed feed and a preparation method thereof |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| 王晓文;: "几种中草药配方的不同添加量与黄玉米秸秆青贮饲料结合使用对肉牛生长性能的影响研究", 中兽医学杂志, no. 03, pages 3 * |
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