CN114243055A - Method for dissipating heat by utilizing latent heat of spray gasification in waste water reuse of fuel cell system - Google Patents
Method for dissipating heat by utilizing latent heat of spray gasification in waste water reuse of fuel cell system Download PDFInfo
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 238000002309 gasification Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 122
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 238000003487 electrochemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
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- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 claims description 44
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 16
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000000110 cooling liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000012080 ambient air Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000009834 vaporization Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000008016 vaporization Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003595 mist Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 description 12
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 7
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
- H01M8/04059—Evaporative processes for the cooling of a fuel cell
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
- H01M8/04014—Heat exchange using gaseous fluids; Heat exchange by combustion of reactants
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04291—Arrangements for managing water in solid electrolyte fuel cell systems
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for dissipating heat by utilizing spray gasification latent heat of waste water of a fuel cell system, which comprises two steps of waste water collection generated by the fuel cell system and waterway spray gasification circulation of the fuel cell system, wherein hydrogen in an external air source is subjected to electrochemical reaction with air entering an air flow channel of a fuel cell stack in a hydrogen flow channel after being treated to obtain products comprising liquid water and gaseous water, and a part of mixture of the liquid water, the gaseous water and unreacted air exchanges heat with a condensation heat exchanger in a multifunctional steam-water separator, and the gaseous water is condensed into liquid water which is stored in the multifunctional steam-water separator; the collected liquid water is pressurized by the spray pump, sprayed on the surface of the radiator, gasified to absorb heat, and the liquid water which is not gasified returns to the multifunctional steam-water separator through the collector.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of heat dissipation, in particular to a method for dissipating heat by utilizing latent heat of spray gasification of waste water of a fuel cell system.
Background
An electrochemical fuel cell is a device that is capable of converting hydrogen fuel and an oxidant into electrical energy and reaction products. The inner core component of the device is a membrane electrode, and the Membrane Electrode (MEA) consists of a proton exchange membrane and two porous conductive materials, such as carbon paper, sandwiched between two surfaces of the membrane. The membrane contains a uniform and finely dispersed catalyst, such as a platinum metal catalyst, for initiating an electrochemical reaction at the interface between the membrane and the carbon paper. The electrons generated in the electrochemical reaction process can be led out by conductive objects at two sides of the membrane electrode through an external circuit to form a current loop.
In chinese patent CN200710041270.7, a high-efficiency heat dissipation method for fuel cells is introduced, in which the water generated by the fuel cells is sprayed onto the heat dissipation fins of the heat sink, and a large amount of heat is taken away by the vaporization of the water, so that the heat dissipation effect is good, the area of the heat sink can be reduced, the occupied area is small, the process is simple, the installation is convenient, and meanwhile, the water generated by the fuel cells is comprehensively utilized, the resources are effectively utilized, and the cost is reduced, however, the technical personnel in the field find out in the actual operation: at present, all radiators of a fuel cell system adopt an air-cooled heat dissipation mode, and air in the environment is utilized to exchange heat with the radiators, so that the heat dissipation efficiency is low, and the heat exchange coefficient of the air-cooled mode is small; secondly, the high-power fuel cell system has large heat dissipation power, large volume of a radiator, heavy weight and insufficient installation space for a vehicle; thirdly, water generated by the fuel cell system needs to be discharged, and water discharge traces are formed along the path; fourthly, under the condition of high environmental temperature in summer, the heat of the fuel cell system can not be dissipated, and only the power operation can be limited.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects caused by adopting an air-cooled heat dissipation mode in the prior art, the invention provides a method for dissipating heat by utilizing spray gasification latent heat of waste water of a fuel cell system, which improves the efficiency of a radiator, can reduce the volume of the radiator and can reduce the cost of the system; compared with the existing structure, under the same volume of the radiator, the invention has great heat dissipation capacity, solves the problem of space arrangement limitation, opens the upper limit of the power of the fuel cell system and is beneficial to the use scene of the high-power fuel cell.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides the following technical scheme: a method for dissipating heat by utilizing latent heat of spray gasification in waste water reuse of a fuel cell system is characterized by comprising the following steps: comprises two steps of collecting waste water generated by a fuel cell system and spraying and gasifying a water channel of the fuel cell system, wherein,
collecting waste water generated by the fuel cell system: in the step of collecting the wastewater generated by the fuel cell system, hydrogen in an external air source is treated and then subjected to electrochemical reaction with air entering an air flow channel of a fuel cell stack in a hydrogen flow channel to obtain a product, namely liquid water and gaseous water, a mixture of the liquid water, the gaseous water and unreacted air exchanges heat with a condensation heat exchanger in a multifunctional steam-water separator, the gaseous water is condensed into liquid water, and the liquid water is cooled and stored in the multifunctional steam-water separator;
a fuel cell system waterway spray gasification circulating method comprises the following steps: after being pressurized by a spray water pump, the low-temperature liquid water is changed into uniform liquid drops through a multi-point spray head, and then is sprayed to the surface of a fuel cell radiator to participate in a heat exchange process, enters into peripheral ambient air under the action of a cooling fan, and part of the liquid water which is not gasified is collected by a spray water collector after heat exchange and returns to the multifunctional steam-water separator again.
In a preferred technical scheme of the invention, in the waste water collecting process, the water path circulation inside the fuel cell is involved, the cooling liquid in the system generates electrochemical reaction in the fuel cell stack and simultaneously generates waste heat to increase the temperature of the cooling liquid, the high-temperature cooling liquid is pressurized and circulated by a circulating water pump of the fuel cell system, after passing through a thermostat, the high-temperature cooling liquid exchanges heat with outside air at a radiator of the fuel cell, after the temperature is reduced, the high-temperature cooling liquid is recirculated back to the fuel cell stack, and the circulating flow is performed in such a way that the outside air flows through the air side of the radiator of the fuel cell under the action of a radiating fan to participate in the heat exchange.
In a preferred technical scheme of the invention, the process of producing the product water comprises a liquid part and a gas part, wherein one part of the liquid water enters the hydrogen channel and is periodically discharged into the multifunctional steam-water separator through the hydrogen drain valve.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the cold side fluid of the condensing heat exchanger is derived from a refrigerant or a coolant.
As a preferable aspect of the present invention, in the spraying step, the obtained low-temperature liquid water flows out from the multifunctional steam-water separator, and is subjected to pressurization treatment.
As a preferred technical scheme of the invention, after participating in the heat exchange process, the liquid water drops in the heat exchange process are changed into water mist, flow along with the air and enter the ambient air at the periphery under the action of the cooling fan.
Compared with the prior art, the invention can achieve the following beneficial effects:
1. in the method, the waste water generated by the fuel cell is recycled, and the water discharged to the environment is gaseous water, so that the environment is not influenced;
2. in the method, the spray water is utilized to generate phase change, the latent heat of the phase change is hundreds of thousands of times of sensible heat, the waste heat of a fuel cell radiator is absorbed, and the heat exchange quantity of a system is greatly increased;
3. in the method, the spray water and the air are mixed to radiate the heat of the fuel cell radiator, so that the efficiency of the radiator is greatly improved;
4. in the method, the efficiency of the radiator is improved, the volume of the radiator can be reduced, and the system cost can be reduced; compared with the existing structure, under the same volume of the radiator, the invention has great heat dissipation capacity, solves the problem of space arrangement limitation, opens the upper limit of the power of the fuel cell system and is beneficial to the use scene of the high-power fuel cell.
5. Compared with the traditional system radiator, the method has the advantages that dust is accumulated to influence the heat dissipation capacity of the radiator after the radiator is used for a long time, and further influence the system performance; the invention has the function of cleaning the radiator due to spraying liquid water, and can solve the problem of dust accumulation on the surface of the radiator, thereby prolonging the service life of the radiator and further improving the performance of the fuel cell.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the system of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the fuel cell of the present invention for collecting water-producing wastewater;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a water circuit cycle of the fuel cell system of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the principle of utilizing spraying of the waste water of the fuel cell system.
Wherein: 1. a multi-point spray header; 2. a fuel cell radiator; 3. a heat radiation fan; 4. a water spraying collector; 5. a PTC; 6. a spray water pump; 7. a hydrogen path drain valve; 8. a multifunctional steam-water separator; 9. a condensing heat exchanger; 10. a liquid level sensor; 11. a thermostat; 12. a fuel cell system circulating water pump; 13. an expansion tank; 14. a hydrogen injection valve; 15. a source of hydrogen gas; 16. an air humidifier; 17. an intercooler; 18. an intake air filter; 19. an air compressor.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to specific embodiments for the purpose of facilitating an understanding of technical means, characteristics of creation, objectives and functions realized by the present invention, but the following embodiments are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to be exhaustive. Based on the embodiments in the implementation, other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without any creative efforts belong to the protection scope of the present invention. The experimental methods in the following examples are conventional methods unless otherwise specified, and materials, reagents and the like used in the following examples are commercially available unless otherwise specified.
The first embodiment is as follows:
as shown in fig. 3-5, the present invention provides a method for dissipating heat from waste water of a fuel cell system by using latent heat of spray gasification, comprising two steps of collecting waste water generated by the fuel cell system and circulating spray gasification in a water circuit of the fuel cell system, wherein,
collecting waste water generated by the fuel cell system: in the step of collecting the wastewater generated by the fuel cell system, hydrogen in an external air source is treated and then subjected to electrochemical reaction with air entering an air flow channel of a fuel cell stack in a hydrogen flow channel to obtain a product, namely liquid water and gaseous water, and a part of mixture of the liquid water, the gaseous water and unreacted air is subjected to condensation heat exchanger 9 in a multifunctional steam-water separator 8, and the gaseous water is condensed into liquid water and is cooled and stored in the multifunctional steam-water separator 8;
the fuel cell system waste water utilization spraying method comprises the following steps: the low-temperature liquid water is pressurized by a spray water pump 6, then becomes uniform liquid drops through a multi-point spray head 1, is sprayed to the surface of a fuel cell radiator 2 to participate in a heat exchange process, enters into peripheral ambient air under the action of a cooling fan 3, and part of the liquid water which is not gasified is collected by a spray water collector 4 after heat exchange and returns to a multifunctional steam-water separator 8 again.
In other embodiments, in the wastewater collection process, the water circuit circulation inside the fuel cell is involved, the coolant in the system electrochemically reacts in the fuel cell stack and simultaneously generates waste heat, so that the temperature of the coolant rises, the high-temperature coolant is pressurized and circulated by the fuel cell system circulating water pump 12, passes through the thermostat 11, exchanges heat with the outside air at the fuel cell radiator 2, lowers the temperature and then circulates back to the fuel cell stack, and the outside air flows through the air side of the fuel cell radiator 2 under the action of the cooling fan 3 to participate in the heat exchange in the circulating flow.
In other embodiments, the external hydrogen entering the hydrogen flow channel needs to pass through the hydrogen injection valve 14 to adjust the pressure and flow rate, and the air in the air flow channel of the fuel cell stack needs to pass through the intercooler 17 to cool down after being pressurized by the air compressor 19, and then is humidified to a proper range by the air humidifier 16.
In other embodiments, the process of producing the product water comprises two parts, namely liquid and gas, wherein one part of the liquid water enters the hydrogen channel and is periodically discharged into the multifunctional steam-water separator 8 through the hydrogen drain valve 7.
In other embodiments, the cold side fluid of the condensing heat exchanger 9 is derived from a refrigerant or coolant.
In other embodiments, in the spraying step, the resulting low temperature liquid water flows out of the multi-functional steam-water separator 8 and is subjected to a pressurization treatment.
In other embodiments, after participating in the heat exchange process, the liquid droplets therein become water mist, flow with the air, and enter the ambient air at the periphery under the action of the heat dissipation fan 3.
Example two:
referring to fig. 1-2, a method for dissipating heat by utilizing latent heat of spray gasification of waste water of a fuel cell system comprises two steps of collecting waste water generated by the fuel cell system and circulating a water path of the fuel cell system, wherein hydrogen in a hydrogen source 15 enters a hydrogen flow channel in a fuel cell stack after pressure and flow of the hydrogen are adjusted by a hydrogen spray valve 14; meanwhile, the air is filtered by the air inlet filter 18, pressurized by the air compressor 19, cooled by the intercooler 17, humidified to a proper range by the air humidifier 16, enters the air flow channel of the fuel cell stack, the hydrogen gas in the hydrogen flow channel is subjected to electrochemical reaction, chemical energy is converted into electric energy, meanwhile, reaction product water is generated, the product water has two forms, namely liquid state and gas state, part of the liquid water enters the hydrogen flow channel and is periodically discharged into a multifunctional steam-water separator 8 through a hydrogen path drain valve 7, the other part of the mixture of liquid water, gaseous water and unreacted air directly enters the multifunctional steam-water separator 8 through an air flow channel, exchanging heat with a condensing heat exchanger 9, condensing gaseous water into liquid water, reducing the temperature and storing the liquid water in a multifunctional steam-water separator 8, wherein fluid on the cold side of the condensing heat exchanger 9 comes from refrigerant or secondary refrigerant;
water circuit circulation of the fuel cell system: the expansion water tank 13 supplements cooling liquid in the system, electrochemical reaction occurs in the fuel cell stack, waste heat is generated at the same time, the waste heat is stored in the cooling liquid, the temperature of the cooling liquid is increased, high-temperature cooling liquid is pressurized and circulated through a circulating water pump 12 of the fuel cell system, passes through the thermostat 11, reaches the fuel cell radiator 2, exchanges heat with outside air, is cooled, and then is circulated back to the fuel cell stack, and the circulation flow is performed in the way. The external air flows through the air side of the fuel cell radiator 2 under the action of the cooling fan 3 to participate in heat exchange;
the fuel cell system waste water utilizes the spray realization principle: the low-temperature liquid water is pressurized by the spray water pump 6, flows to the multi-point spray header 1, is changed into a uniform liquid water droplet state under the action of the multi-point spray header 1, is sprayed on the surface of the fuel cell radiator 2, participates in the heat exchange process of the fuel cell radiator 2, is gasified and absorbs heat by the liquid water droplet under the action of the fuel cell radiator 2, is changed into gaseous water mist, and enters into peripheral ambient air under the action of the cooling fan 3 along with air flowing. Part of liquid water which is not gasified is collected by the water spraying collector 4 after heat exchange and returns to the multifunctional steam-water separator 8 again, and the liquid level sensor 10 can detect the amount of the liquid water in the multifunctional steam-water separator 8, so that intelligent control is facilitated.
Wherein, both sides of the fuel cell radiator 2 are electrically connected with PTC5 for assisting in heating water drops to a water mist state, and the radiating efficiency is continuously improved.
In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly stated or limited, "above" or "below" a first feature means that the first and second features are in direct contact, or that the first and second features are not in direct contact but are in contact with each other via another feature therebetween. Also, the first feature being "on," "above" and "over" the second feature includes the first feature being directly on and obliquely above the second feature, or merely indicating that the first feature is at a higher level than the second feature. A first feature being "under," "below," and "beneath" a second feature includes the first feature being directly under and obliquely below the second feature, or simply meaning that the first feature is at a lesser elevation than the second feature.
The foregoing shows and describes the general principles, essential features, and advantages of the invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, and the preferred embodiments of the present invention are described in the above embodiments and the description, and are not intended to limit the present invention. The scope of the invention is indicated by the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (6)
1. A method for dissipating heat by utilizing latent heat of spray gasification in waste water reuse of a fuel cell system is characterized by comprising the following steps: comprises two steps of collecting waste water generated by a fuel cell system and spraying and gasifying a water channel of the fuel cell system, wherein,
collecting waste water generated by the fuel cell system: in the step of collecting the wastewater generated by the fuel cell system, hydrogen in an external air source is treated and then subjected to electrochemical reaction with air entering an air flow channel of a fuel cell stack in a hydrogen flow channel to obtain a product, namely liquid water and gaseous water, a mixture of the liquid water, the gaseous water and unreacted air exchanges heat with a condensation heat exchanger in a multifunctional steam-water separator, the gaseous water is condensed into liquid water, and the liquid water is cooled and stored in the multifunctional steam-water separator;
a fuel cell system waterway spray gasification circulating method comprises the following steps: after being pressurized by a spray water pump, the low-temperature liquid water is changed into uniform liquid drops through a multi-point spray head, and then is sprayed to the surface of a fuel cell radiator to participate in a heat exchange process, enters into peripheral ambient air under the action of a cooling fan, and part of the liquid water which is not gasified is collected by a spray water collector after heat exchange and returns to the multifunctional steam-water separator again.
2. The method for dissipating heat from waste water of a fuel cell system by using latent heat of spray vaporization according to claim 1, wherein: in the process of collecting the waste water, the water path circulation inside the fuel cell is involved, the cooling liquid in the system generates electrochemical reaction in the fuel cell stack and simultaneously generates waste heat to ensure that the temperature of the cooling liquid is raised, the high-temperature cooling liquid is pressurized and circulated by a circulating water pump of the fuel cell system, passes through a thermostat and then exchanges heat with the outside air at a radiator of the fuel cell, and the high-temperature cooling liquid is circulated back to the fuel cell stack after being reduced in temperature and then circulates in the way, and the outside air flows through the air side of the radiator of the fuel cell under the action of a cooling fan to participate in the heat exchange.
3. The method for dissipating heat from waste water of a fuel cell system by using latent heat of spray vaporization according to claim 1, wherein: in the process of producing the product water, the product water comprises a liquid part and a gas part, wherein one part of the liquid water enters the hydrogen channel and is periodically discharged into the multifunctional steam-water separator through the hydrogen pipeline drain valve.
4. The method for dissipating heat from waste water of a fuel cell system by using latent heat of spray vaporization according to claim 1, wherein: the cold side fluid of the condensing heat exchanger is derived from a refrigerant or coolant.
5. The method for dissipating heat from waste water of a fuel cell system by using latent heat of spray vaporization according to claim 1, wherein: in the spraying step, the obtained low-temperature liquid water flows out of the multifunctional steam-water separator and is subjected to pressurization treatment.
6. The method for dissipating heat from waste water of a fuel cell system by using latent heat of spray vaporization according to claim 1, wherein: after participating in the heat exchange process, the liquid water drops in the heat exchange device become water mist, flow with the air and enter the ambient air at the periphery under the action of the cooling fan.
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| CN114899443A (en) * | 2022-06-16 | 2022-08-12 | 中国北方车辆研究所 | Fuel cell heat exchange device based on flash evaporation cooling technology |
| CN115020748A (en) * | 2022-06-10 | 2022-09-06 | 一汽解放汽车有限公司 | Vehicle, fuel cell engine and heat dissipation system thereof |
| CN117293371A (en) * | 2023-08-18 | 2023-12-26 | 中国电建集团河南省电力勘测设计院有限公司 | Novel tail gas circulation system suitable for proton membrane hydrogen fuel cell |
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