CN114232887A - 加气块及其构成的轻质墙 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种加气块,包括:加气混凝土主体,为由加气混凝土构成的条形板,所述加气混凝土的强度为5MPa‑7.5MPa;加固件,设置在所述加气混凝土主体内,包括水平筋和纵向筋;连接件,用于连接相邻加气混凝土主体,所述连接件具有位于加气混凝土主体内的固定端和沿加气混凝土主体长边设置的连接端;以及加强层,设置在加气混凝土主体的内侧面上。本发明同时公开了一种由上述加气块构成的墙板,所述墙板相对设置,且墙板之间为管线布置腔,管线布置腔内可装填保温夹层。本发明提供的加气块具有环保绿色、轻质高强的优点,便于拼接和墙体成型,且由其构成的墙板强度较高、保温效果良好。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及装配式建筑技术领域,尤其是涉及一种加气块及其构成的轻质墙。
背景技术
节能多孔材料是高效节能墙体的主要材料体系之一。对于通过自保温体系实现节能 65%目标要求的墙体材料,目前应用最广泛的应属蒸压加气混凝土制品(即加气块),其具有高效的节能性和对工业固体废弃物的消纳能力。由于加气块生产中的水热反应是在特制的密闭高压反应釜中进行,受高压反应釜的尺寸限制,无法生产大块的整块大板,多制成条形结构并在后期进行拼接。现有加气块的拼接步骤较为繁琐,费时费力,且拼接结构不牢固,容易影响墙体的整体强度;其次,在安装电线、水管时,通常需要在加气块上进行开槽,导致其受力性能受到影响,增加了加气块开裂的可能性;再次,现有加气块构成的墙体挂钉能力不强;最后,现有加气块构成的墙体保温性能不突出。
发明内容
为了解决上述问题,本发明提供一种加气块,同时提供一种由其构成的轻质墙,具体可采取如下技术方案:
本发明所述的加气块,包括
加气混凝土主体,为由加气混凝土构成的条形板,所述加气混凝土的强度为5MPa-7.5MPa;
加固件,设置在所述加气混凝土主体内,包括水平筋和纵向筋;
连接件,用于连接相邻加气混凝土主体,所述连接件具有位于加气混凝土主体内的固定端和沿加气混凝土主体长边设置的连接端;
加强层,设置在加气混凝土主体的内侧面上。
所述加气混凝土主体的最小厚度为60mm。
所述连接件为设置在加气混凝土主体两侧长边的角钢,且两侧的所述角钢位置相对应。
所述加强层为经向受力的增强型玻璃纤维网格布,其通过乙烯基树脂与加气混凝土主体粘接相连。
本发明所述的一种轻质墙,由上述任一加气块构成墙板,所述墙板相对设置,且墙板之间为管线布置腔。
所述墙板由加气块连续设置并通过相邻连接件焊接而成,所述连接件的焊缝外侧设置有密封层。
所述管线布置腔内设置保温材料构成保温夹层。
所述墙板外侧设置有UHPC装饰层。
本发明所述的另一种轻质墙,由加气块连续设置构成墙板,相邻加气块的凸起结构和凹槽结构相配合,相邻连接件相互焊接且焊缝外侧设置有密封层。
本发明提供的加气块,是采用粉煤灰为主要原料的蒸压加气混凝土砌块,其加气混凝土的强度≥5MPa,且砌块内部设置有水平筋和纵向筋作为加固件,内侧设置有加强层,具有环保绿色、轻质高强的优点,不易开裂和变形,且挂钉能力强;同时,其边侧设置有连接件,方便了加气块拼接和墙体成型。本发明提供的轻质墙,采用上述加气块构成墙板,并将墙板对置构成管线布置腔,不仅方便了管线布设,而且可以根据实际施工情况合理选择先装法施工和后装法施工,进一步缩短了施工工期;其次,管线布置腔内还可以填充保温材料,进一步加强了墙体的保温功能;由于两侧墙板均具有良好的独立抗压和抗弯性能,因此无需额外设置穿过夹心层的连接件,避免了冷桥传热,不仅降低了制作难度,而且保温效果良好。
附图说明
图1是本发明中实施例1的加气块结构示意图。
图2是图1的剖面图。
图3是本发明中实施例2的轻质墙单元结构示意图。
图4是图3的剖面图。
图5是本发明中实施例3的T型轻质墙的结构示意图。
图6是本发明中实施例4的轻质墙的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图对本发明的实施例作详细说明,本实施例在以本发明技术方案为前提下进行实施,给出了详细的实施方式和具体的施工过程,但本发明的保护范围不限于下述实施例。
实施例1:
如图1、2所示,本发明所述的加气块,包括加气混凝土主体1、加固件和连接件等。具体地,加气混凝土主体1为由加气混凝土构成的条形板,其厚度至少为60mm,且加气混凝土的强度为5MPa -7.5MPa,提高了挂钉能力,能够满足一般膨胀螺栓的打入要求;加固件为设置在加气混凝土主体1内部的水平筋21和纵向筋22,通常采用经过防锈处理的钢筋或不锈钢筋,能够进一步提高加气块的强度;连接件为一对设置在加气混凝土主体1两侧长边的角钢3(多采用镀铝锌角钢或不锈钢角钢),每个角钢3的一端(即固定端)埋设在加气混凝土主体1内,另一端(即连接端)沿着加气混凝土主体1的长边贴附设置,且两个角钢3位置相对,方便将连续排列的相邻加气混凝土主体1拼装焊接在一起。同时,加气混凝土主体1的内侧面上还设置有加强层4,其通常采用经向(指条形板的长度方向)受力的增强型玻璃纤维网格布,通过乙烯基树脂与加气混凝土主体1粘接相连,可以进一步提高加气混凝土主体1的强度。
实施例2:
本发明所述的轻质墙,由如图3、4所示的工厂批量制造的轻质墙单元拼接而成。上述轻质墙单元包括两块实施例1所述的加气块,两者间隔设置(其加强层4对置)构成外墙板51和内墙板52,外墙板51和内墙板52之间为管线布置腔(用于布置管线),其内浇筑保温材料构成保温夹层6。为了连接方便,上述保温夹层6一端为凸起结构,另一端为与其相适配的凹槽结构。上述保温材料可以采用:化学发泡成型的泡沫混凝土、采用恒温养护的地质聚合物、化学发泡成型的石膏发泡复合材料、泡沫塑料、聚苯板等,上述化学发泡的方法可获得比物理发泡更高强度的材料。当保温夹层6为石膏发泡复合材料,且抗压强度≥300KPa时,可以采用无加强层4的加气块。上述轻质墙单元的两侧墙板均具有良好的独立抗压和抗弯性能,因此,其保温夹层6可采用<500kg/m³甚至更低密度的材料,且无需额外设置穿过夹心层的连接件,既避免了冷桥传热,保证了保温效果,又可以在不增加制作难度的前提下,不增加轻质墙单元的整体密度、且使其强度达到墙体受力要求。
上述工厂成型的轻质墙单元保温、隔音、防水效果均比现有加气混凝土单一材料墙板好,运送到施工现场后,可将其连续摆放,并通过焊接相邻连接件(即角钢3)的方式将其连成大块,按照先装法进行施工轻质墙。通常情况下,还会在相邻轻质墙单元的焊缝外侧进行石膏砂浆封闭或柔性密封材料密封(即设置密封层)。
实施例3:
如图5所示,本发明所述的轻质墙,由实施例1所述的加气块现场拼装并浇筑保温材料构成。
上述轻质墙为T型结构,包括X向墙体53和Y向墙体54,两者均由间隔设置的墙板构成,上述墙板分别由实施例1所述的加气块相互连接构成,且X向墙体53和Y向墙体54的内腔相互连通构成管线布置腔。
具体地,先拼装X向墙体53和Y向墙体54一侧的墙板,即按照设计位置,将加气块依次摆放,通过焊接相邻连接件(即角钢3)的方式将其分块连接,之后在焊缝外侧进行石膏砂浆封闭或柔性密封材料密封,其施工速度快,强度高,且不易裂缝;接着,安装管线,此过程中无需开槽剔凿,减少了建筑垃圾的排放量;然后,施工X向墙体53和Y向墙体54另一侧的墙板,将管线隐蔽于相对的墙板内,上述过程无需考虑管线布置腔两侧的板缝是否对齐;最后,在管线布置腔内浇筑保温夹层6,保温夹层6的材料多选用物理发泡成型的泡沫混凝土(可以是全固废泡沫混凝土)、聚氨酯发泡保温材料、物理发泡成型的石膏发泡复合材料(以磷石膏或脱硫石膏为主要组成成分)、常温养护的矿渣基地质聚合物、石膏珍珠岩等。上述采用现场浇筑保温夹层方式施工的轻质墙,整体强度高,且保温、隔音效果都要比现有加气混凝土单一材料墙板好。
在上述施工中,如果对轻质墙保温无过高要求,可取消保温夹层6的浇筑步骤,中间空心部位只做预埋管线用,更加方便预埋管线的检修和后期改造。此时,外墙板、管线布置腔和内墙板的最佳厚度尺寸比例为4:2:4。
实施例4:
如图6所示,本发明所述的轻质墙,类似于实施例2所述的轻质墙,不同之处在于,外墙板51高于内墙板52,且外墙板51的外侧为凸凹形状,外面复合一层UHPC装饰薄板55作为UHPC装饰层。上述UHPC为超高性能混凝土,UHPC装饰薄板55可以有不同颜色、花纹,达到仿石材装饰效果,由于防水、耐腐蚀性能优异,因此不需要再额外去做外墙装饰。其次,该外墙板51可替代部分结构梁L模板,或部分剪力墙模板。
需要说明的是,在本发明的描述中,诸如“前”、“后”、“左”、“右”、“垂直”、“水平”、“内”、“外”等指示的方位或位置关系的术语是基于附图所示的方位或位置关系,仅是为了便于描述本发明和简化描述,而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作,因此不能理解为对本发明的限制。
Claims (8)
1.一种加气块,其特征在于:包括
加气混凝土主体,为由加气混凝土构成的条形板,所述加气混凝土的强度为5MPa -7.5MPa;
加固件,设置在所述加气混凝土主体内,包括水平筋和纵向筋;
连接件,用于连接相邻加气混凝土主体,所述连接件具有位于加气混凝土主体内的固定端和沿加气混凝土主体长边设置的连接端;
加强层,设置在加气混凝土主体的内侧面上。
2.根据权利要求1所述的加气块,其特征在于:所述加气混凝土主体的最小厚度为60mm。
3.根据权利要求1所述的加气块,其特征在于:所述连接件为设置在加气混凝土主体两侧长边的角钢,且两侧的所述角钢位置相对应。
4.根据权利要求1所述的加气块,其特征在于:所述加强层为经向受力的增强型玻璃纤维网格布,其通过乙烯基树脂与加气混凝土主体粘接相连。
5.一种轻质墙,其特征在于:由权利要求1-4任一所述的加气块构成墙板,所述墙板相对设置,且墙板之间为管线布置腔。
6.根据权利要求5所述的轻质墙,其特征在于:所述墙板由加气块连续设置并通过相邻连接件焊接而成,所述连接件的焊缝外侧设置有密封层。
7.根据权利要求5所述的轻质墙,其特征在于:所述管线布置腔内设置保温材料构成保温夹层。
8.根据权利要求5所述的轻质墙,其特征在于:所述墙板外侧设置有UHPC装饰层。
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