CN114231751A - Multifunctional gradient metal composite material electroslag fusion welding method preparation device and use method - Google Patents
Multifunctional gradient metal composite material electroslag fusion welding method preparation device and use method Download PDFInfo
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- 239000002905 metal composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 79
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 86
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 73
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 68
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000013329 compounding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 230000003044 adaptive effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 34
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010953 base metal Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 23
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000003475 lamination Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000012827 research and development Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005272 metallurgy Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009776 industrial production Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B9/00—General processes of refining or remelting of metals; Apparatus for electroslag or arc remelting of metals
- C22B9/16—Remelting metals
- C22B9/18—Electroslag remelting
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Abstract
A multifunctional gradient metal composite material electroslag fusion welding method preparation device mainly comprises a power supply, a parameter control panel, an electrode feeding system, an electrode, a water-cooled crystallizer, a water-cooled bottom water tank, a base material, a water tower or a water tank, a gradient metal composite cavity and a moving device, wherein the water tower or the water tank, the water-cooled crystallizer and the water-cooled bottom water tank, a thermometer, a flowmeter and a water outlet form a cooling water circulation system; a gradient metal composite cavity is formed by enclosing a water-cooled crystallizer, a water-cooled bottom water tank and a base material and is arranged below an electrode feeding system; the electrode feeding system consists of a motor, a speed controller, an electrode insulation controller, a cable joint, an electrode driver and an electrode; the using method comprises the following steps: selecting a coating metal, a base material and adaptive baked premelting slag; selecting an adaptive gradient metal composite cavity; starting a cooling water circulation system and a power supply; adjusting the rotating speed of the motor; slagging; compounding; feeding; finishing compounding; the composite quality and the like are analyzed. The structure is simple, the occupied area is small, and the device can be flexibly moved according to the requirement.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of metallurgy and welding, and particularly relates to a device for preparing a gradient metal composite material by a multifunctional electroslag fusion welding method for a laboratory and a use method thereof.
Background
With the development of material technology and the improvement of industrialization level, higher requirements are put forward on metal parts. In addition to basic toughness, metal parts are often required to have better wear resistance, corrosion resistance, high temperature resistance, conductivity, magnetic conductivity and the like, and gradient metal composite materials are produced on the basis of the requirements. The base body and the cladding metal can be flexibly matched according to the performance requirement, and then the double-layer or multi-layer metal composite material is prepared. The gradient metal composite material has important significance for optimizing the comprehensive performance of the material, saving the valuable special performance material, reducing the production cost and the like.
As for the preparation of gradient metal composite materials, it is most important to effectively bond the inner and outer layer materials together. In summary, the bonding types include five types, i.e., metallurgical bonding, mechanical bonding, diffusion bonding, chemical bonding, and adsorption bonding, and the preparation of the material is usually performed by combining multiple bonding types and mainly using a certain bonding type. In comparison, the composite material mainly formed by metallurgy combination has a certain width of an interface combination layer, the components, tissues and properties of the interface layer are gradually changed, the load can be effectively transferred, and the service process of the composite material is stable and long-lasting. At present, composite materials prepared by liquid-solid phase composite methods such as cast compounding, welding compounding and the like are all combined to form firm metallurgy, and are widely applied to preparation of gradient metal composite materials.
The electroslag remelting technology has the advantages of refining and purifying the smelted metal, removing impurities, reducing segregation, improving solidification quality and the like, and is widely applied to the field of preparation of high-end special steel.
The following documents were searched: a device and a method for preparing a bimetal composite roller by an electroslag remelting method (Chinese patent ZL201810269903.8[ P ],2018.03), a device and a method for preparing a large composite steel ingot by preheating an electroslag casting through a graphite electrode ring (Chinese patent ZL201810715182.9[ P ],2018.07), an eccentric production bimetal composite roller electroslag remelting device (Chinese patent ZL201820473009.8[ P ],2018.04) and the like are all technical schemes provided by surrounding devices and conductive schemes for preparing the bimetal composite roller by electroslag remelting, and the orientation relation between an electrode and a base material. The method focuses on the compounding of large industrial rollers (round billets), has the defects of large equipment, complex control system, large investment and occupied area and the like, and is not suitable for laboratories.
The welding technology is a flexible, convenient, effective and reliable metal connection process, so that the electroslag fusion welding technology with the advantages of the electroslag remelting technology and the welding technology is widely applied to various industries. For example, as documents such as a method for repairing a roller by electroslag surfacing of a melting nozzle (Chinese patent, CN201510947821.0[ P ],2015.12), a plate electrode electroslag welding device (Chinese patent, ZL201621145667.1[ P ],2016.10), and a mixed electroslag cladding (Chinese patent, CN201580081120.1[ P ],2015.11), cladding in different forms surrounding an electrode form and a specific base material is developed, and the defects of single cladding product form, inflexible electrode shape selection and the like exist.
The disclosed documents have the defects of single form of cladding products, inflexible electrode shape selection, complex equipment matching and control process, large investment, wide occupied area, poor mobility and the like around the preparation of the gradient metal composite material, and have single function while consuming huge manpower, material resources and financial resources. The method is obviously insufficient for laboratories which have limited floor space conditions and supporting facilities and are based on the research and development of multifunctional and multi-form gradient metal composite materials, and can not provide efficient and accurate experimental data and results for mass production well and can not meet the requirements of rapidly developing material industries. Therefore, in view of the importance of the gradient metal composite material and the superiority of the electroslag fusion welding technology, the invention provides the preparation device of the gradient metal composite material electroslag fusion welding method and the use method thereof, wherein the preparation device has the advantages of diversified functions, flexible control, low investment, small occupied area and easiness in moving. The method provides guarantee for developing metallurgical composite research in various forms (round billets, plate blanks, tube blanks, special-shaped billets and the like) and among various materials (double layers or multiple layers) in a laboratory, provides effective theoretical basis and data accumulation for subsequent industrial production of high-end gradient metal composite materials, and has important scientific research value.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art and provides the preparation device and the use method of the multifunctional gradient metal composite electroslag fusion welding method for the laboratory, which have the advantages of various fusion-coated product forms, flexible adaptive electrode shapes, simple structure, convenient operation, small investment, small occupied area, easy movement and capability of meeting the research and development requirements of more diversified gradient metal composites.
Technical means for achieving the above object
The utility model provides a multi-functional gradient metal composite electroslag fusion welding method preparation facilities, mainly by power, parameter control panel, electrode feed system, electrode, water-cooling crystallizer, water-cooling bottom water tank, substrate, water tower or pond, gradient metal composite chamber, mobile device constitute, its characterized in that: the water tower or the water tank, the water-cooled crystallizer and the water-cooled bottom water tank, the thermometer and the flowmeter connect the water inlet and the water outlet of the water-cooled crystallizer and the water-cooled bottom water tank through water pipes to form a cooling water circulation system; a gradient metal composite cavity is formed by enclosing a water-cooled crystallizer, a water-cooled bottom water tank and a base material and is arranged below an electrode feeding system; the electrode feeding system consists of a motor, a speed controller connected with the motor through a lead, an electrode insulation controller, a cable joint with one end fixed on the electrode insulation controller, an electrode driver fixed on the electrode insulation controller through a bolt or a bracket and an electrode matched and connected with the electrode driver; the other end of the cable joint is connected with a power supply through a cable.
It is characterized in that: the electrode driver is a wheel type gripper or a screw feeder;
the wheel type gripping device consists of a driving gripping wheel, a driven gripping wheel, a conductive device and an electrode conductive nozzle, wherein the driving gripping wheel, the driven gripping wheel and the conductive device are fixed on an electrode insulation controller; the driving pinch wheel is connected with the motor; the shape and the size of the inner cavity of the electrode contact nozzle are matched with the shape and the size of the electrode; it is suitable for wire electrodes;
the screw of the screw feeder is connected with the motor and the upper end of the electrode insulation controller, and the lower end of the electrode insulation controller is connected with the electrode, and the screw feeder is suitable for rod-shaped, tubular, plate-shaped and special-shaped electrodes.
It is characterized in that: the gradient metal composite cavity is a circular ring body, a square body or a special-shaped body; the circular composite cavity is suitable for cylindrical or tubular base materials, the square composite cavity is suitable for plate-shaped or square base materials, and the special-shaped composite cavity is suitable for special-shaped base materials.
It is characterized in that: the moving device consists of a movable base, a moving wheel connected to the lower end face of the movable base, an upright column and a position adjusting button which are connected to the movable base, and a beam connected with the upright column.
A use method of a multifunctional gradient metal composite electroslag fusion welding preparation device comprises the following steps:
1) according to the performance requirements of the gradient metal composite material, selecting adaptive coating metal and base metal, selecting adaptive premelting slag according to the base metal, and baking the premelting slag at 600-800 ℃, wherein the baking time is not less than 3 h;
2) according to the shape requirement of the gradient metal composite material, selecting a water-cooled crystallizer, a base material, an electrode and an electrode feeding system type with a matched shape, and enclosing a gradient metal composite cavity with a required shape through the water-cooled crystallizer, a water-cooled bottom water tank and the base material;
3) starting a cooling water circulation system, and measuring the water temperatures and the flow rates of a water inlet and a water outlet of the water-cooled crystallizer and the water-cooled bottom water tank by using a thermometer and a flow meter which are arranged on a water pipe;
4) setting smelting voltage and current parameters on a parameter control panel, and then starting a power supply;
5) the rotating speed of the motor is adjusted through a speed controller, so that the lifting speed of the electrode is controlled;
6) arc striking and slagging: in the gradient metal composite cavity, carrying out casting liquid slag arcing or solid slag arcing; when the pouring liquid slag is started, an induction coil and a graphite crucible can be adopted for slagging, when the slag temperature is 1600 ℃, the slag is poured into the gradient metal composite cavity, the selected electrode driver is started, the electrode starts to descend, and the power supply loop is conducted after the electrode contacts the liquid slag pool, and the arc starting and the slag forming are carried out; during solid slag arcing, a bottom pad which is adaptive in shape and is made of the same material as the cladding metal and is 5-10 mm in thickness is placed in the gradient metal composite cavity, an arc striking agent or steel scraps are placed on the bottom pad, pre-melting slag is laid around the arc striking agent or the steel scraps, and the height of the bottom pad is lower than that of the bottom pad; starting the selected electrode driver to enable the electrode to descend, generating arc striking when the electrode descends to be in contact with steel scraps or an arc striking agent, adding premelting slag into the gradient metal composite cavity in an equal amount in batches of not less than five times, and gradually increasing current and voltage to target slagging current and voltage in batches of not less than five times while adding premelting slag until the premelting slag is completely added to form a liquid slag pool;
7) electrode melting and compounding of gradient metals: firstly, setting target composite current and voltage, and keeping the electrode to continuously and uniformly descend and melt; molten drops formed by melting the lower end of the electrode penetrate through the liquid slag pool to form a coating metal molten pool after deposition, are rapidly solidified under the cooling action of the water-cooled crystallizer and the water-cooled bottom water tank and form firm metallurgical bonding with the fully preheated substrate surface; along with the continuous melting of the electrode, the deposited coating metal and the metallurgical bonding part formed by the coating metal and the base material are gradually increased until the target size requirement is met;
8) reducing power and feeding: after the gradient metal compounding is finished, gradually reducing the target compounding current and voltage to the target slagging current and voltage in the slagging stage by not less than three times within 3-5 min;
9) adjusting the speed controller to enable the electrode driver to drive the electrode to be quickly lifted to leave the upper surface of the liquid slag pool; then the power supply is turned off; continuously keeping water for cooling until the prepared gradient metal composite material is cooled to room temperature;
10) taking out the gradient metal composite material; the interface binding state and the binding quality are analyzed.
It is characterized in that: the target slagging current and voltage refer to the current and voltage when the pre-molten slag is completely added and forms a liquid slag pool.
It is characterized in that: the target composite current and voltage refer to current and voltage when the gradient metal composite is uniformly and stably carried out.
The preparation method for the gradient metal composite material has diversified forms, and can be used for round billet compounding, such as the condition that a coating layer is arranged outside a solid cylindrical base material or inside a hollow circular tube base material; slab lamination, as in the case of cladding on one or both sides of the substrate; tube blank compounding, such as the case of coating outside the hollow tube substrate; it is also possible to carry out a beam-forming lamination or a multilayer lamination in the above-described composite form, i.e. in the case of a multilayer transition metal composite between the substrate and the coating.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages of various forms of cladding products, flexible shape of adaptive electrodes, simple structure, convenient operation, small investment, small occupied area, flexible movement according to the requirement and the like, can meet the research and development requirements of more diversified gradient metal composite materials, and provides powerful support for the research and development of new materials and subsequent industrial production.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the electrode driver of FIG. 1 as a wheel-type gripper;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the electrode driver of FIG. 1 in the form of a screw feeder;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the present invention in a state of being compounded on the outer surface of a solid cylindrical substrate;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the present invention in a state where the solid cylindrical substrate is compounded on the upper end surface thereof;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the present invention showing the inner surface of the hollow tube substrate being compounded;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view showing the state of the present invention in which the composition is performed on both sides of the slab base material;
FIG. 8 is a schematic view showing a state where a slab base material is multi-layered and compounded according to the present invention;
in the figure: 1-power supply, 2-cable, 3-parameter control panel, 4-electrode feeding system, 5-beam, 6-column, 7-movable base, 8-position adjusting button, 9-movable wheel, 10-electrode, 11-water-cooled crystallizer, 12-liquid slag pool, 13-molten drop, 14-coating metal molten pool, 15-coating solidified layer, 16-water-cooled bottom water tank, 17-substrate, 18-water-cooled crystallizer and water-cooled bottom water tank inlet, 19-water-cooled crystallizer and water-cooled bottom water tank outlet, 20-water tower or water pool, 21-water tower or water pool outlet, 22-water tower or water pool inlet, 23-water pipe, 24-thermometer, 25-flowmeter, 26-motor, 27-speed controller, 28-wire, 29-driving pinch wheel, 30-driven pinch wheel, 31-electrode insulation controller, 32-cable joint, 33-conductive pipe, 34-electrode conductive nozzle, 35-screw.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings:
a multifunctional gradient metal composite material electroslag fusion welding method preparation device mainly comprises a power supply 1, a parameter control panel 3, an electrode feeding system 4, an electrode 10, a water-cooled crystallizer 11, a water-cooled bottom water tank 16, a base material 17, a water tower or a water tank 20, a gradient metal composite cavity and a mobile device, and is characterized in that: a water tower or a water tank 20, a water-cooled crystallizer 11, a water-cooled bottom water tank 16, a thermometer 24 and a flowmeter 25 are connected with a water inlet 18 and a water outlet 19 of the water-cooled crystallizer and the water-cooled bottom water tank through a water pipe 23 to form a cooling water circulation system; a gradient metal composite cavity is enclosed by the water-cooled crystallizer 11, the water-cooled bottom water tank 16 and the base material 17 and is arranged below the electrode feeding system 4; the electrode feeding system 4 consists of a motor 26, a speed controller 27 connected with the motor 26 through a lead 28, an electrode insulation controller 31, a cable joint 32 with one end fixed on the electrode insulation controller 31, an electrode driver fixed on the electrode insulation controller 31 through a bolt or a bracket and an electrode 10 matched and connected with the electrode driver; the other end of the cable connector 32 is connected to the power supply 1 through the cable 2.
The electrode driver is a wheel type gripper or a screw feeder;
the wheel type gripping device consists of a driving pinch wheel 29 fixed on an electrode insulation controller 31, a driven pinch wheel 30 installed in a matching way with the driving pinch wheel 29, a conductive tube 33 sleeved on the electrode 10 and an electrode conductive nozzle 34 connected with the lower end of the conductive tube 33 in a threaded or insertion way; the driving pinch wheel 29 is connected with the motor 26 through mechanical transmission; the shape and size of the inner cavity of the electrode contact tip 34 are matched with the shape and size of the electrode 10; it is suitable for wire electrodes;
a screw 35 of the screw feeder is connected with the motor 26 through mechanical transmission and is connected with the upper end of the electrode insulation controller 31 by threads or bolts, and the lower end of the electrode insulation controller 31 is connected with the electrode 10 by bolts or clamping; the screw feeder is suitable for rod-shaped, tubular, plate-shaped and special-shaped electrodes.
The gradient metal composite cavity is a circular ring, a square or a special-shaped body and consists of a liquid slag pool 12, a coating metal molten pool 14 formed by melting a molten drop 13 formed by melting an electrode 10 and depositing the molten drop through the liquid slag pool 12 and a coating solidified layer 15 formed by cooling and solidifying the coating metal molten pool 14; the circular composite cavity is suitable for cylindrical or tubular base materials 17, the square composite cavity is suitable for plate-shaped or square base materials 17, and the special-shaped composite cavity is suitable for special-shaped base materials 17.
The moving device consists of a movable base 7, a moving wheel 9 connected to the lower end face of the movable base 7, an upright post 6 and a position adjusting button 8 which are connected to the movable base 7 through threads or insertion or welding, and a cross beam 5 connected to the upright post 6 through threads or insertion.
A use method of a multifunctional gradient metal composite electroslag fusion welding preparation device comprises the following steps:
1) according to the performance requirements of the gradient metal composite material, selecting an adaptive electrode 10 and a base material 17, selecting adaptive premelting slag according to the components of the base material, and baking the premelting slag at any temperature within 600-800 ℃, wherein the baking time is not less than 3 hours;
2) according to the shape requirement of the gradient metal composite material, selecting a water-cooled crystallizer 11, a base material 17, an electrode 10 and an electrode feeding system 4 type with adaptive shapes, and enclosing a gradient metal composite cavity with a required shape through the water-cooled crystallizer 11, a water-cooled bottom water tank 16 and the base material 17;
3) starting a cooling water circulation system, and measuring the water temperatures and the flow rates of a water inlet 18 and a water outlet 18 of the water-cooled crystallizer 11 and the water-cooled bottom water tank 16 by using the temperature and the temperature 24 arranged on a water pipe 23 and a flow meter 25;
4) setting smelting voltage and current parameters on a parameter control panel 3, and then starting a power supply 1;
5) the speed controller 27 adjusts the rotating speed of the motor 26, so as to control the lifting speed of the electrode 10;
6) arc striking and slagging: in the gradient metal composite cavity, carrying out casting liquid slag arcing or solid slag arcing; when the pouring liquid slag is started, an induction coil and a graphite crucible can be adopted for slagging, when the slag temperature is 1600 ℃, the slag is poured into the gradient metal composite cavity, the selected electrode driver is started, the electrode 10 starts to descend, and the power supply loop is conducted and the arc starting and the slag making are carried out after the electrode contacts the liquid slag pool 12; during solid slag arcing, a bottom pad which is adaptive in shape and is made of the same material as the cladding metal and is 5-10 mm in thickness is placed in the gradient metal composite cavity, an arc striking agent or steel scraps are placed on the bottom pad, pre-melting slag is laid around the arc striking agent or the steel scraps, and the height of the bottom pad is lower than that of the bottom pad; starting the selected electrode driver to enable the electrode 10 to descend, starting arcing when the electrode 10 descends to be in contact with steel scraps or an arc striking agent, adding premelting slag into the gradient metal composite cavity in an equal amount of not less than five times in batches, and gradually increasing current and voltage to target slagging current and voltage in the same amount of not less than five times while adding premelting slag until the premelting slag is completely added to form a liquid slag pool;
7) electrode 10 melting and recombination of gradient metals: firstly, setting target composite current and voltage, and keeping the electrode 10 to continuously and uniformly descend and melt; molten drops 13 formed by melting the lower end of the electrode 10 penetrate through the liquid slag pool 12 to form a coating metal molten pool 14 after deposition, and are rapidly solidified into a coating solidified layer 15 under the cooling action of the water-cooled crystallizer 11 and the water-cooled bottom water tank 16, and the coating solidified layer and the surface of the fully preheated base material 17 form firm metallurgical bonding; along with the continuous melting of the electrode 10, the deposited coating solidified layer 15 and the metallurgical bonding part formed by the coating solidified layer and the base material 17 gradually increase until the target size requirement is met;
8) reducing power and feeding: after the gradient metal compounding is finished, gradually reducing the target compounding current and voltage to the target slagging current and voltage in the slagging stage by not less than three times within 3-5 min;
9) adjusting the speed controller 27 to make the electrode driver drive the electrode 10 to be quickly lifted to leave the upper surface of the liquid slag pool 12; then the power supply 1 is turned off; continuously keeping water for cooling until the prepared gradient metal composite material is cooled to room temperature;
10) taking out the gradient metal composite material; the interface binding state and the binding quality are analyzed.
It is characterized in that: the target slagging current and voltage refer to the current and voltage when the pre-melted slag is completely added to form the liquid slag pool 12;
it is characterized in that: the target composite current and voltage refer to current and voltage when the gradient metal composite is uniformly and stably carried out.
Description of the drawings:
fig. 4, round billet composite, coated outside solid cylindrical substrate 17: a circular water-cooled crystallizer 11 and a solid cylindrical base material 17 are coaxially and centrally placed on a water-cooled bottom water tank 16, and a tubular electrode 10 or a plurality of rod-shaped electrodes 10 which are circumferentially and uniformly distributed are adopted to perform arc striking, slag making and smelting in an annular gradient metal composite cavity which is formed by the base material 17 and the water-cooled crystallizer 11; molten drops 13 formed by melting the end parts of the electrodes 10 penetrate through the liquid slag pool 12 to deposit and form a coating metal molten pool 14, rapidly solidify into a coating solidified layer 15 under the cooling action of the side water-cooled crystallizer 11 and the bottom water-cooled bottom water tank 16, and form firm metallurgical bonding with a solid cylindrical base material 17 which is fully preheated by the high-temperature liquid slag pool 12, so that the composition of the duplex metals is completed. If multi-layer compounding is to be realized, the round billet which is subjected to the compounding can be used as the base material 17, and a layer of other metal is compounded on the surface of the compound layer according to the same method, so that three-layer compounding can be realized, and the like.
Fig. 5, round billet composite, coated on the upper end of solid cylindrical substrate 17: the solid cylindrical base material 17 is placed on a water-cooled bottom water tank 16, a rod-shaped electrode 10 is adopted to perform arc striking, slagging and smelting in a cylindrical gradient metal composite cavity enclosed by the solid cylindrical base material 17 and the water-cooled crystallizer 11, molten drops 13 formed by melting the end part of the electrode 10 penetrate through a liquid slag tank 12 to deposit to form a coating metal molten pool 14, and rapidly solidify under the cooling action of the side water-cooled crystallizer 11, the bottom cylindrical base material 17 and the water-cooled bottom water tank 16 to form a coating solidification layer 15 and form firm metallurgical bonding with the solid cylindrical base material 17 which is fully preheated by the high-temperature liquid slag tank 12, so that the composite of the duplex metals is completed.
Fig. 6, round billet composite, coating inside hollow tube substrate 17: the hollow pipe base material 17 is placed on a water-cooled bottom water tank 16, a rod-shaped electrode 10 is adopted to perform arc striking, slagging and smelting in a cylindrical gradient metal composite cavity enclosed by the hollow pipe base material 17 and the water-cooled bottom water tank 16, molten drops 13 formed by melting the end part of the electrode 10 penetrate through a liquid slag pool 12 to deposit to form a coating metal molten pool 14, the molten drops are rapidly solidified under the cooling action of the bottom water-cooled bottom water tank 16 to form a coating solidified layer 15, and the coating solidified layer and the hollow pipe base material 17 which is fully preheated by the high-temperature liquid slag pool 12 form firm metallurgical bonding, so that the intermetallic composite is completed.
Fig. 7, case of slab-composite, coating on both sides of the plate-shaped substrate 17: according to the size requirement, four plate-shaped water-cooled crystallizers 11 are arranged on the side surface and the front surface of a plate-shaped base material 17 to form a gradient metal composite cavity in a shape like the Chinese character 'ri' with the plate-shaped base material 17 in an enclosing mode, the four plate-shaped water-cooled crystallizers 11 are arranged on a water-cooled bottom water tank 16, two plate-shaped electrodes 10 are adopted to respectively perform arc striking, slag making and smelting in two square gradient metal composite cavities formed by the plate-shaped base material 17, the plate-shaped water-cooled crystallizers 11 and the water-cooled bottom water tank 16 in an enclosing mode, molten drops 13 formed by melting of the lower ends of the plate-shaped electrodes 10 penetrate through a liquid slag pool 12 to be deposited to form a coating metal molten pool 14, the coating layer 15 is rapidly solidified under the action of the side surface water-cooled crystallizers 11 and the bottom water-cooled bottom water tank 16, and forms firm metallurgical bonding with the plate-shaped base material 17 which is fully preheated by the high-temperature liquid slag pool 12, and accordingly compounding between metals is completed.
Fig. 8, a case of slab lamination, where the plate-shaped base material 17 is laminated in multiple layers: (1) the method comprises the steps of placing a plurality of layers of plate-shaped base materials 17 at intervals, keeping a certain interval between the two plate-shaped base materials 17, placing plate-shaped water-cooled crystallizers 11 at two sides, placing the plate-shaped water-cooled crystallizers 11 on a water-cooled bottom water tank 16, carrying out arc striking, slagging and smelting in n square gradient metal composite cavities defined by the plate-shaped base materials 17, the plate-shaped water-cooled crystallizers 11 and the water-cooled bottom water tank 16 by adopting n plate-shaped electrodes 10, forming molten drops 13 formed by melting the lower ends of the plate-shaped electrodes 10, penetrating through a liquid slag pool 12 to deposit to form a coating metal molten pool 14, rapidly solidifying the coating solidified layer 15 under the action of the side water-cooled crystallizers 11 and the bottom water-cooled bottom water tank 16 to form firm metallurgical bonding with the plate-shaped base materials 17 which are fully preheated by the high-temperature liquid slag pool 12, and further completing the preparation of the multi-layer bimetal composite material. (2) In the figure, the plate-shaped base material 17 can be made of different materials according to the performance of the gradient metal composite material, and the plate-shaped electrode 10 can also be made of different materials by adopting the same method, so that the multilayer multi-metal gradient composite material is prepared at one time.
The scope of protection of the invention is not limited to the above embodiments.
Claims (7)
1. The utility model provides a multi-functional gradient metal composite electroslag fusion welding method preparation facilities, mainly by power, parameter control panel, electrode feed system, electrode, water-cooling crystallizer, water-cooling bottom water tank, substrate, water tower or pond, gradient metal composite chamber, mobile device constitute, its characterized in that: the water tower or the water tank, the water-cooled crystallizer and the water-cooled bottom water tank, the thermometer and the flowmeter connect the water inlet and the water outlet of the water-cooled crystallizer and the water-cooled bottom water tank through water pipes to form a cooling water circulation system; a gradient metal composite cavity is formed by enclosing a water-cooled crystallizer, a water-cooled bottom water tank and a base material and is arranged below an electrode feeding system; the electrode feeding system consists of a motor, a speed controller connected with the motor through a lead, an electrode insulation controller, a cable joint with one end fixed on the electrode insulation controller, an electrode driver fixed on the electrode insulation controller through a bolt or a bracket and an electrode matched and connected with the electrode driver; the other end of the cable joint is connected with a power supply through a cable.
2. The manufacturing device of the multifunctional gradient metal composite electroslag fusion welding method as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the electrode driver is a wheel type gripper or a screw feeder;
the wheel type gripping device consists of a driving gripping wheel, a driven gripping wheel, a conductive device and an electrode conductive nozzle, wherein the driving gripping wheel, the driven gripping wheel and the conductive device are fixed on an electrode insulation controller; the driving pinch wheel is connected with the motor; the shape and the size of the inner cavity of the electrode contact nozzle are matched with the shape and the size of the electrode; it is suitable for wire electrodes;
the screw of the screw feeder is connected with the motor and the upper end of the electrode insulation controller, and the lower end of the electrode insulation controller is connected with the electrode, and the screw feeder is suitable for rod-shaped, tubular, plate-shaped and special-shaped electrodes.
3. The manufacturing device of the multifunctional gradient metal composite electroslag fusion welding method as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the gradient metal composite cavity is a circular ring body, a square body or a special-shaped body; the circular composite cavity is suitable for cylindrical or tubular base materials, the square composite cavity is suitable for plate-shaped or square base materials, and the special-shaped composite cavity is suitable for special-shaped base materials.
4. The manufacturing device of the multifunctional gradient metal composite electroslag fusion welding method as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the moving device consists of a movable base, a moving wheel connected to the lower end face of the movable base, an upright column and a position adjusting button which are connected to the movable base, and a beam connected with the upright column.
5. The method of using the apparatus for electroslag fusion welding with multi-functional gradient metal composite material as recited in claim 1, comprising the steps of:
1) according to the performance requirement of the gradient metal composite material, selecting adaptive coating metal and base metal, selecting adaptive premelting slag according to the base metal, and baking the premelting slag at the temperature of 600-800 ℃, wherein the baking time is not less than 3 h;
2) according to the shape requirement of the gradient metal composite material, selecting a water-cooled crystallizer, a base material, an electrode and an electrode feeding system type with a matched shape, and enclosing a gradient metal composite cavity with a required shape through the water-cooled crystallizer, a water-cooled bottom water tank and the base material;
3) starting a cooling water circulation system, and measuring the water temperatures and the flow rates of a water inlet and a water outlet of the water-cooled crystallizer and the water-cooled bottom water tank by using a thermometer and a flow meter which are arranged on a water pipe;
4) setting smelting voltage and current parameters on a parameter control panel, and then starting a power supply;
5) the rotating speed of the motor is adjusted through a speed controller, so that the lifting speed of the electrode is controlled;
6) arc striking and slagging: in the gradient metal composite cavity, carrying out casting liquid slag arcing or solid slag arcing; when the pouring liquid slag is started, an induction coil and a graphite crucible can be adopted for slagging, when the slag temperature is 1600 ℃, the slag is poured into the gradient metal composite cavity, the selected electrode driver is started, the electrode starts to descend, and the power supply loop is conducted after the electrode contacts the liquid slag pool, and the arc starting and the slag forming are carried out; during solid slag arcing, a bottom pad which is adaptive in shape and is made of the same material as the cladding metal and is 5-10 mm in thickness is placed in the gradient metal composite cavity, an arc striking agent or steel scraps are placed on the bottom pad, pre-melting slag is laid around the arc striking agent or the steel scraps, and the height of the bottom pad is lower than that of the bottom pad; starting the selected electrode driver to enable the electrode to descend, generating arc striking when the electrode descends to be in contact with steel scraps or an arc striking agent, adding premelting slag into the gradient metal composite cavity in an equal amount in batches of not less than five times, and gradually increasing current and voltage to target slagging current and voltage in batches of not less than five times while adding premelting slag until the premelting slag is completely added to form a liquid slag pool;
7) electrode melting and compounding of gradient metals: firstly, setting target composite current and voltage, and keeping the electrode to continuously and uniformly descend and melt; molten drops formed by melting the lower end of the electrode penetrate through the liquid slag pool to form a coating metal molten pool after deposition, are rapidly solidified under the cooling action of the water-cooled crystallizer and the water-cooled bottom water tank and form firm metallurgical bonding with the fully preheated substrate surface; along with the continuous melting of the electrode, the deposited coating metal and the metallurgical bonding part formed by the coating metal and the base material are gradually increased until the target size requirement is met;
8) reducing power and feeding: after the gradient metal compounding is finished, gradually reducing the target compounding current and voltage to the target slagging current and voltage in the slagging stage by not less than three times within 3-5 min;
9) adjusting the speed controller to enable the electrode driver to drive the electrode to be quickly lifted to leave the upper surface of the liquid slag pool, and then turning off the power supply; continuously keeping water for cooling until the prepared gradient metal composite material is cooled to room temperature;
10) taking out the gradient metal composite material; the interface binding state and the binding quality are analyzed.
6. The use method of the device for preparing multifunctional gradient metal composite material by electroslag fusion welding method according to claim 5, is characterized in that: the target slagging current and voltage refer to the current and voltage when the pre-molten slag is completely added and forms a liquid slag pool.
7. The use method of the device for preparing multifunctional gradient metal composite material by electroslag fusion welding method according to claim 5, is characterized in that: the target composite current and voltage refer to current and voltage when the gradient metal composite is uniformly and stably carried out.
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