CN114226765A - LPBF additive manufacturing device and method with in-situ monitoring function - Google Patents
LPBF additive manufacturing device and method with in-situ monitoring function Download PDFInfo
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
- B22F12/90—Means for process control, e.g. cameras or sensors
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/20—Direct sintering or melting
- B22F10/28—Powder bed fusion, e.g. selective laser melting [SLM] or electron beam melting [EBM]
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
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- B22F10/32—Process control of the atmosphere, e.g. composition or pressure in a building chamber
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/80—Data acquisition or data processing
- B22F10/85—Data acquisition or data processing for controlling or regulating additive manufacturing processes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y50/00—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing
- B33Y50/02—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing for controlling or regulating additive manufacturing processes
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N23/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00
- G01N23/02—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by transmitting the radiation through the material
- G01N23/04—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by transmitting the radiation through the material and forming images of the material
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
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Abstract
The invention relates to an LPBF additive manufacturing device with an in-situ monitoring function and a method thereof, wherein the manufacturing device comprises: a powder conveying system, wherein the powder conveying system is arranged in a vacuum environment, and a powder material F is spread in the powder conveying system and gradually forms a micro powder bed; the laser system is positioned at the top of the micro powder bed and emits laser to impact; irradiating the micro powder bed from one side by X rays emitted by the X-ray source; the X-ray imaging system and the X-ray source are oppositely arranged, and the X-ray imaging system is used for receiving X-rays synchronous with powder material diffusion in the powder material diffusion process, imaging and carrying out on-site X-ray imaging analysis on the powder diffusion in real time. The invention realizes in-situ monitoring, has real-time property and strong applicability, and can identify defects as early as possible, thereby reducing rejection rate and post-treatment procedures, shortening development period and creating possibility for providing whole-process traceable processing information. The problems of insufficient stability and repeatability of the selective laser melting process are effectively solved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of additive manufacturing, in particular to an LPBF additive manufacturing device and method with an in-situ monitoring function.
Background
The Laser Powder Bed Fusion (LPBF) technology is an advanced manufacturing technology which is rapidly developed in the field of metal additive manufacturing at present, and is widely applied to the industries of aerospace, automobile manufacturing, biomedical treatment and the like. This technique enables the direct manufacture of complex shapes and light weight structures, which are not available with conventional manufacturing processes. However, the disadvantages of poor repeatability and stability of LPBF technology have hindered further development and application of the technology, and how to improve the stability and quality of manufactured parts has been a hot research issue in this field.
It is well known that the quality of the powder bed is one of the main factors affecting the quality of parts manufactured by LPBF processes, and that the extremely high heating and cooling rates of the powder bed during LPBF processes produce many highly dynamic and transient physical phenomena, such as melting and vaporization of metal powders, flow of molten metal, powder spray and redistribution, rapid solidification, non-equilibrium phase changes, etc., and studies have shown that increasing the density and uniformity of the powder bed during fusion of the laser powder bed can improve the final quality of the part. Understanding the powder diffusion dynamics behavior in powder bed based additive manufacturing processes is crucial for designing the powdering structure and the powdering parameters, identifying defect formation mechanisms in the powder bed, and guiding the design for optimizing the raw powder.
Therefore, how to provide an LPBF additive manufacturing apparatus with in-situ monitoring function, which extracts features from monitoring data earlier and identifies defects and processing states, so as to adjust process parameters in time to avoid quality defects, overcome the defects of stability and repeatability of the selective laser melting process, and is a problem that needs to be solved by those skilled in the art.
Disclosure of Invention
Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide an LPBF additive manufacturing apparatus with an in-situ monitoring function, which facilitates early identification of defects and processing states during the LPBF additive manufacturing process, so as to adjust process parameters in time to avoid quality defects.
The invention provides an LPBF additive manufacturing device with an in-situ monitoring function, which comprises:
a powder transport system, said powder transport system being in a vacuum environment, powder material F spreading within said powder transport system and gradually forming a micro-powder bed;
a laser system located at the top of the micro powder bed and emitting laser impacts;
the X-ray source emits X-rays which irradiate the micro powder bed from one side; and
the X-ray imaging system is arranged opposite to the X-ray source and used for receiving X-rays synchronous with powder material diffusion in the powder material diffusion process, imaging and carrying out on-site X-ray imaging analysis on the powder diffusion in real time.
According to the technical scheme, compared with the prior art, the LPBF additive manufacturing device with the in-situ monitoring function is combined with a high-energy X-ray imaging system by adopting a laser powder bed fusion technology, in-situ monitoring can be realized, real-time performance and high applicability are achieved, defects can be recognized as early as possible, so that the rejection rate and the post-treatment process are reduced, the development period is shortened, and the possibility of providing whole-process traceable processing information is created. Collecting signals of the material increase process by adopting an X-ray source and an X-ray imaging system, and acquiring state data of the machining process in real time; the characteristics are extracted from the monitoring data, and the defects and the processing state are identified, so that the process parameters are adjusted in time to avoid quality defects, and the problems of insufficient stability and repeatability of the selective laser melting process can be effectively solved.
Further, the vacuum environment is a vacuum chamber Z maintained by protective gas provided by a protective gas tank, and a process window is arranged on the side wall of the vacuum chamber Z.
Furthermore, a high-speed camera is connected to the outside of the process window in a paraxial monitoring mode, the high-speed camera shoots visible light in a vacuum environment, and the recording frequency of the high-speed camera is greater than or equal to twenty thousand frames per second.
Furthermore, the laser system comprises a laser and a scanning galvanometer, and laser emitted by the laser is guided into the scanning galvanometer through an optical fiber bundle to operate the vacuum chamber.
Further, the X-ray imaging system adopts a high-speed and high-energy X-ray imaging device of an advanced photon source beam line-ID-B.
Furthermore, a powder bed workbench is arranged at the bottom of the powder conveying system, a powder paving groove is formed in the top of the powder bed workbench, a powder paving roller is driven by a transmission mechanism, and powder materials F are paved in the powder paving groove along the transmission direction of the transmission mechanism to gradually form a miniature powder bed.
Further, the transmission mechanism is connected with the powder spreading roller through a power part and drives the powder spreading roller.
Furthermore, a base plate is fixed at the top of the powder bed workbench, two carbon plate glasses which are higher than the top surface of the base plate and are arranged in parallel are fixed on two sides of the base plate, and a powder paving groove is formed between the base plate and the two carbon plate glasses.
Furthermore, spread powder groove top and have two one-to-one and be fixed in two limiting plate on the carbon plate glass for guarantee spread powder gyro wheel rectilinear motion, and two the limiting plate with drive mechanism interference fit.
Another objective of the present invention is to provide an in-situ monitoring method in the LPBF additive manufacturing process, wherein the powder material is in a vacuum environment during the process of forming the micro powder bed by spreading the powder material on the powder conveying system, the laser system emits laser from the top to impact the micro powder bed, one side surface of the micro powder bed is penetrated by X-rays, and the other side surface of the micro powder bed receives X-rays synchronized with the powder material diffusion during the powder material diffusion process through the X-ray imaging system, and images the X-rays to perform on-site X-ray imaging analysis on the powder diffusion in real time.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the provided drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic front view of an LPBF additive manufacturing apparatus with in-situ monitoring function according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic side view of an LPBF additive manufacturing apparatus with in-situ monitoring function according to the present invention;
fig. 3 shows a schematic structural view of the powder transport system.
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments of the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like or similar reference numerals refer to the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar function throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the drawings are illustrative and intended to be illustrative of the invention and are not to be construed as limiting the invention.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description and simplicity of description, but do not indicate or imply that the referenced devices or elements must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, are not to be construed as limiting the present invention.
Furthermore, the terms "first", "second" and "first" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means two or more unless specifically defined otherwise.
In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly stated or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," "secured," and the like are to be construed broadly and can, for example, be fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally formed; can be mechanically or electrically connected; either directly or indirectly through intervening media, either internally or in any other relationship. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.
The embodiment of the invention discloses an LPBF additive manufacturing device with an in-situ monitoring function, which is shown in the attached figure 1 and comprises the following components: a powder conveying system 1, wherein the powder conveying system 1 is in a vacuum environment, and a powder material F spreads in the powder conveying system 1 and gradually forms a micro powder bed; the laser system 2 is positioned at the top of the micro powder bed and emits laser to impact; an X-ray source 3, wherein X-rays 31 emitted by the X-ray source 3 irradiate the micro powder bed from one side; and the X-ray imaging system 5 is arranged opposite to the X-ray source 3, and the X-ray imaging system 5 is used for receiving X-rays 31 synchronous with powder material diffusion in the powder material diffusion process, imaging and carrying out on-site X-ray imaging analysis on the powder diffusion in real time.
The embodiment combines the laser powder bed fusion technology with the high-energy X-ray imaging system, can realize in-situ monitoring, has high real-time performance and applicability, and can identify defects as early as possible, thereby reducing the rejection rate and post-treatment procedures, shortening the development period, and creating possibility for providing whole-process traceable processing information. Collecting signals of the material increase process by adopting an X-ray source and an X-ray imaging system, and acquiring state data of the machining process in real time; the characteristics are extracted from the monitoring data, and the defects and the processing state are identified, so that the process parameters are adjusted in time to avoid quality defects, and the problems of insufficient stability and repeatability of the selective laser melting process can be effectively solved.
In one embodiment of the present invention, referring to fig. 2, the vacuum environment may be a vacuum chamber Z maintained by a protective gas supplied by a protective gas tank 7, and a process window 4 is opened on a side wall of the vacuum chamber Z, and the process window may be square, rectangular or circular, so as to facilitate observation of the internal processing process.
Because of the extremely high heating and cooling rate of the powder bed in the LPBF process, a plurality of highly dynamic and transient physical phenomena can not be directly observed through a process window, see attached, 1 and 2, in another embodiment of the invention, a high-speed camera 6 is connected outside the process window 4 in a paraxial monitoring mode, the high-speed camera 6 shoots visible light in a vacuum environment, and the recording frequency is more than or equal to twenty thousand frames per second. Therefore, the monitoring content of the powder bed behavior on the substrate is realized by the high-speed camera in a paraxial monitoring mode through a process window of the LPBF material-adding device. And monitoring the physical process of the visible light wave band generated in the LPBF process by adopting a high-speed camera. The high-speed camera can realize the detection and recording frequency of twenty thousand frames per second at most, so that the high heating, cooling and solidification speed in the LPBF process can be matched, and the visible light can be recorded in real time.
Specifically, in one embodiment of the present invention, the laser system 2 includes a laser 22 and a scanning galvanometer 23, and the laser light emitted from the laser 22 is guided into the scanning galvanometer 23 through a fiber bundle 21 to operate on the vacuum chamber.
Advantageously, the X-ray imaging system 5 is capable of generating a first harmonic energy beam using high speed high energy X-ray imaging equipment with an advanced photon source beam line 32-ID-B.
In other embodiments of the present invention, referring to fig. 3, the powder conveying system 1 has a powder bed workbench 11 at the bottom, a powder spreading groove is formed at the top of the powder bed workbench 11, and a powder spreading roller 12 is driven by a transmission mechanism 13 to spread the powder material F in the powder spreading groove along the transmission direction of the transmission mechanism 13, so as to gradually form a micro powder bed.
Advantageously, the transmission mechanism 13 is connected to and drives the dusting roller 12 via a power unit 14. The power component can provide balanced and stable thrust for the powder paving roller, and can be realized by driving a screw rod assembly by adopting a motor. Further, a base plate 15 is fixed on the top of the powder bed workbench 11, two carbon plate glasses 16 which are higher than the top surface of the base plate 15 and are arranged in parallel are fixed on two sides of the base plate 15, a powder spreading groove is formed between the base plate 15 and the two carbon plate glasses 16, and metal powder is spread on the base plate. Advantageously, the top of the powder spreading groove is provided with two limiting plates 17 fixed on the two carbon plate glasses 16 in a one-to-one correspondence manner, so as to ensure that the powder spreading roller 12 moves linearly, and the two limiting plates 17 are in interference fit with the transmission mechanism 13.
The powder bed conveying system provided by the invention is different from the problems of large size, long processing period, large process monitoring difficulty caused by space closure and the like of the traditional laser powder bed fusion equipment, is specially used for process monitoring of the laser powder bed fusion process, is convenient to monitor and simultaneously reduces the occupied area.
The laser generated by the laser is guided into the scanning galvanometer through the optical fiber to realize the operation of the vacuum chamber (material increase environment). The powder conveying system is arranged in the vacuum chamber and consists of a powder laying roller, a transmission mechanism, a power part, a limiting plate, carbon plate glass, a substrate and a powder bed workbench. In the LPBF process, the power part is connected with the powder paving roller wheel, and the powder paving roller wheel is pushed along the transmission direction, so that the control of the motion direction of the transmission mechanism is realized, and the metal powder on the substrate is spread to form an even powder bed. On the limiting plate was fixed in carbon plate glass, two spacing plate intervals just in time and drive mechanism interference fit, spread the powder gyro wheel and inlay in drive mechanism, when power component promoted to spread the powder gyro wheel, the limiting plate can restrict the shop powder gyro wheel depth of parallelism of contact, and the limiting plate clearance equals the base plate width, so can realize having the shop's powder operation of certain precision, and the limiting plate can be spacing to powder bed edge promptly, avoids metal powder to spill over, does benefit to and forms regular and even powder bed. The limiting plate restrains the powder spreading roller, and ensures the linear motion of the powder spreading roller to complete powder spreading operation. The metal powder bed is arranged on the substrate, carbon plate glass is arranged on two sides of the substrate, and the height difference formed by the substrate and the carbon plate glass on the two sides is the distance between the powder layers. The external protective gas tank provides protective gas for the vacuum chamber. The whole powder bed transmission process is completed on the powder bed workbench.
In a high-speed high-energy X-ray imaging apparatus, a first harmonic energy beam is generated using a high-speed high-energy X-ray imaging device of an Advanced Photon Source (APS) beam line 32-ID-B. The X-ray source emits X-rays which pass through the powder delivery system and are imaged in an X-ray imaging system. X-rays emitted by the X-ray source sequentially pass through the carbon plate glass, the metal powder bed and the other piece of carbon plate glass in the powder conveying system, and then the powder bed dynamics behavior is imaged in the X-ray imaging system. A high-speed camera is adopted to monitor the physical process of a visible light wave band generated in the LPBF process, and the high-speed camera monitors the paraxial through a vacuum chamber process window.
The whole monitoring process is integrated: the laser generates laser which passes through the scanning galvanometer system and then impacts the micro powder bed sample from the top, and X rays penetrate the sample from the side surface and are imaged in the X-ray imaging system. And the high-speed camera monitors and records the processing process in real time through the process window.
In one particular embodiment provided by the present invention:
the powder was left at room temperature without preheating prior to laser heating, and this example was carried out using 316L stainless steel powder with an average diameter of 67 μm. The substrate surface was previously ground to ensure flatness and reduce roughness (similar to the paving conditions required when the first layer of powder was spread on an AM commercial machine). The powder was spread on an aluminum substrate by an aluminum doctor blade (blade) at a spreading speed of 11.5 mm/s. The additive environment pressure was 1 atmosphere and the X-ray imaging system was set to record at a frame rate of 10000 frames per second. The high speed camera records at 20000 frames per second through the process window.
In an LPBF additive manufacturing apparatus, metal powder is located within an additive vacuum with an argon protective atmosphere. A laser beam carrying a variable power is directed into the chamber onto the powder bed at a spot size of about 220 μm (1/e2, gaussian beam). The laser in this embodiment is operated in spot heating mode and does not involve scanning. At the same time, the X-rays strike the sample horizontally, providing a side view of the powder bed after imaging.
The method comprises the following specific operation steps:
completing connection of all parts, switching on a power supply and vacuumizing;
inputting process parameters and starting LPBF;
combining the actual process situation and the content to be monitored, starting the high-energy high-speed X-ray camera imaging equipment at the same time, and recording imaging information in a computer system;
starting a high-speed camera to monitor and record the technological process by combining the actual technological condition and the required monitoring content;
and (5) stopping the X-ray imaging equipment and the high-speed camera immediately after the powder laying process and the melting process are finished, and storing monitoring data.
And repeating the steps until all the information to be monitored is recorded.
The device stops operating.
The invention adopts a high-speed high-energy X-ray imager, a laser powder bed fusion device and a high-speed camera to carry out the powder bed behavior monitoring process in the LPBF material increasing process so as to realize the monitoring of the particle-level powder diffusion process with high space-time resolution and obtain quantitative structure information about the size/shape of a molten pool, powder injection, solidification and phase change.
The invention has the following effective effects:
the invention combines the laser powder bed fusion technology with the high-energy X-ray imaging system, can realize in-situ monitoring, and has real-time property and strong applicability.
The invention solves the problem of monitoring difficulty caused by extremely high heating and solidification rates in the LPBF process monitoring, and realizes the real-time monitoring of powder diffusion under the actual additive manufacturing process condition.
The invention can monitor the physical phenomena of melting and partial vaporization of metal powder, flowing of molten metal, powder injection and redistribution, rapid solidification, non-equilibrium phase change and the like under high resolution, provides a powerful monitoring means for relevant scholars, and plays a positive role in promoting the mature application of LPBF in the field of material increase.
The invention applies the high-energy high-speed X-ray imaging equipment to the LPBF process and monitors the additive manufacturing process. And the physical phenomenon on the visible light level in the LPBF process is monitored and recorded in real time in situ by combining a high-speed camera, so that the signals in the monitoring process are more comprehensive and accurate.
The invention also provides an in-situ monitoring method in the LPBF material additive manufacturing process, wherein the powder material is in a vacuum environment in the process of spreading and forming the micro powder bed on the powder conveying system, the laser system emits laser from the top to impact the micro powder bed, one side surface of the micro powder bed penetrates through X rays, and the other side surface of the micro powder bed receives the X rays which are synchronous with the powder material diffusion in the powder material diffusion process through the X ray imaging system, images and carries out on-site X ray imaging analysis on the powder diffusion in real time.
The invention provides an in-situ monitoring method in an LPBF (low pressure positive-displacement boron nitride) additive manufacturing process, which is used for acquiring a particle-level powder diffusion process with high space-time resolution in real time, monitoring the LPBF powder bed behavior by adopting a high-speed and high-capacity X-ray imaging system, overcoming the monitoring challenge of powder diffusion under the actual additive manufacturing condition, acquiring optical signals in the LPBF process through monitoring equipment and further extracting required physical phenomena from the signals for research.
The in-situ monitoring method provided by the invention can be applied to other process machining processes needing process monitoring and has wider applicability.
In the description herein, references to the description of the term "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "an example," "a specific example," or "some examples," etc., mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above are not necessarily intended to refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. Furthermore, various embodiments or examples described in this specification can be combined and combined by those skilled in the art.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention, and that variations, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to the above embodiments by those of ordinary skill in the art within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. An LPBF additive manufacturing apparatus with in-situ monitoring, comprising:
a powder transport system (1), said powder transport system (1) being in a vacuum environment, powder material (F) being spread within said powder transport system (1) and gradually forming a micro-powder bed;
a laser system (2), the laser system (2) being located at the top of the micro powder bed and emitting laser impacts;
an X-ray source (3), wherein X-rays (31) emitted by the X-ray source (3) irradiate the micro powder bed from one side; and
the X-ray imaging system (5), the X-ray imaging system (5) and the X-ray source (3) are oppositely arranged, the X-ray imaging system (5) is used for receiving X-rays (31) synchronized with powder material diffusion in the powder material diffusion process, imaging is carried out, and in-situ X-ray imaging analysis is carried out on the powder diffusion in real time.
2. The LPBF additive manufacturing device with in-situ monitoring function according to claim 1, wherein the vacuum environment is a vacuum chamber (Z) maintained by a protective gas supplied by a protective gas tank (7), and a process window (4) is opened on a side wall of the vacuum chamber (Z).
3. The LPBF additive manufacturing device with in-situ monitoring function according to claim 2, wherein a high speed camera (6) is connected to the outside of the process window (4) in a paraxial monitoring manner, the high speed camera (6) shoots visible light in a vacuum environment, and the recording frequency of the high speed camera is greater than or equal to twenty thousand frames per second.
4. The LPBF additive manufacturing device with in-situ monitoring function according to claim 1, wherein the laser system (2) comprises a laser (22) and a scanning galvanometer (23), and laser light emitted by the laser (22) is guided into the scanning galvanometer (23) through a fiber bundle (21) to operate in a vacuum chamber.
5. The LPBF additive manufacturing apparatus with in-situ monitoring function according to any of the claims 1-4, characterized in that the X-ray imaging system (5) employs a high-speed high-energy X-ray imaging device of the advanced photon source beam line 32-ID-B.
6. The LPBF additive manufacturing device with in-situ monitoring function according to any one of claims 1-4, wherein the powder conveying system (1) is provided with a powder bed workbench (11) at the bottom, a powder paving groove is formed at the top of the powder bed workbench (11), and a powder paving roller (12) is driven by a transmission mechanism (13) to spread the powder material (F) in the powder paving groove along the transmission direction of the transmission mechanism (13) so as to gradually form a micro powder bed.
7. The LPBF additive manufacturing device with in-situ monitoring function according to claim 6, wherein the transmission mechanism (13) is connected through a power component (14) and drives the powder laying roller (12).
8. The LPBF additive manufacturing device with in-situ monitoring function according to claim 6, wherein a base plate (15) is fixed on the top of the powder bed workbench (11), two carbon plate glasses (16) which are higher than the top surface of the base plate (15) and are arranged in parallel are fixed on two sides of the base plate (15), and a powder laying groove is formed between the base plate (15) and the two carbon plate glasses (16).
9. The LPBF additive manufacturing device with in-situ monitoring function according to claim 8, wherein the top of the powder laying groove is provided with two limiting plates (17) which are fixed on the two carbon plate glasses (16) in a one-to-one correspondence manner, so as to ensure that the powder laying roller (12) moves linearly, and the two limiting plates (17) are in interference fit with the transmission mechanism (13).
10. An in-situ monitoring method in an LPBF additive manufacturing process is characterized in that a powder material is in a vacuum environment in the process of forming a micro powder bed by spreading the powder material on a powder conveying system, a laser system emits laser from the top to impact the micro powder bed, one side surface of the micro powder bed penetrates through X rays, the other side surface of the micro powder bed receives the X rays which are synchronous with the powder material diffusion in the powder material diffusion process through an X ray imaging system, imaging is carried out, and the powder diffusion is subjected to on-site X ray imaging analysis in real time.
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