CN111036908A - Multi-component material laser additive manufacturing component monitoring method and system based on plasma signal measurement - Google Patents
Multi-component material laser additive manufacturing component monitoring method and system based on plasma signal measurement Download PDFInfo
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- CN111036908A CN111036908A CN201911394259.8A CN201911394259A CN111036908A CN 111036908 A CN111036908 A CN 111036908A CN 201911394259 A CN201911394259 A CN 201911394259A CN 111036908 A CN111036908 A CN 111036908A
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- additive manufacturing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/30—Process control
- B22F10/36—Process control of energy beam parameters
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/30—Process control
- B22F10/38—Process control to achieve specific product aspects, e.g. surface smoothness, density, porosity or hollow structures
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/80—Data acquisition or data processing
- B22F10/85—Data acquisition or data processing for controlling or regulating additive manufacturing processes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/34—Laser welding for purposes other than joining
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/70—Auxiliary operations or equipment
- B23K26/702—Auxiliary equipment
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y40/00—Auxiliary operations or equipment, e.g. for material handling
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y50/00—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing
- B33Y50/02—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing for controlling or regulating additive manufacturing processes
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/62—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light
- G01N21/63—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light optically excited
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
Abstract
The invention discloses a method and a system for monitoring components of multi-component material laser additive manufacturing based on plasma signal measurement, wherein different powder materials are selected and component design is carried out; preparing a powder material according to component design, starting multi-component material laser additive manufacturing processing, and measuring a plasma optical signal spectrum in the multi-component material additive manufacturing processing process; collecting optical signals in the multi-material additive manufacturing process, comparing the optical signals with plasma signal spectra corresponding to standard substances, analyzing components, and quickly adjusting the feeding amount of different powder materials and laser processing parameters. The method for effectively regulating and controlling the organization, the defects and the performance of the component is provided by measuring the plasma spectrum signal in the laser additive manufacturing process on line, monitoring the component distribution, the powder melting state and the optical signal abnormal state, and quickly feeding back and optimizing the feeding amount of different powder materials and the additive manufacturing process parameters.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of laser additive manufacturing, in particular to a method and a system for monitoring components of multi-component material laser additive manufacturing based on plasma signal measurement.
Background
Laser additive manufacturing is a manufacturing technology which takes high-energy density laser as an energy source and manufactures a solid object by stacking layer by layer in modes of extrusion, sintering, melting, photocuring, spraying and the like. However, as the demand for lightweight, multifunctional and high-performance metal components in high-end manufacturing fields is higher and higher, the existing single-material laser additive manufacturing has difficulty in meeting the demands of high complex shapes and high performance of the metal components. By means of component design, powder proportion adjustment and laser additive manufacturing process parameter optimization, different types of material components are processed on the same layer of cutting sheet, multi-material laser additive manufacturing of parts with complex material attributes and geometric attributes is widely concerned in recent years, accurate forming and high performance requirements are expected to be considered, and the technical problem of rapid manufacturing of metal components with complex shapes and high performance is effectively solved.
Nevertheless, since the physical properties of different materials such as density, thermal expansion coefficient, melting point and laser absorption rate are different, which easily causes the phenomenon of non-uniform melting or the generation of defects such as air holes and cracks, how to suppress and eliminate the defects becomes the key of the laser additive manufacturing technology for high-efficiency and high-quality multi-component materials. Meanwhile, due to the factors such as the type, melting point, density, sphericity and size of the powder material, the movement track and melting of the powder are difficult to control, and the control of the processing process of the additive manufacturing of the multi-component material is particularly urgent. On the other hand, the laser irradiation material surface can excite various optical signals including plasma optical signals, and is directly related to the material composition and the processing state of the irradiation object.
Therefore, how to develop a method and a system for performing online monitoring of a processing state and real-time feedback adjustment of laser additive manufacturing processing parameters by using optical signals generated in a multi-component material laser additive manufacturing process is a problem that needs to be solved by those skilled in the art.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention provides a method and a system for monitoring components of a laser additive manufacturing component based on plasma signal measurement, and provides a method for monitoring components and defect distribution of a laser additive manufacturing component based on plasma optical signal measurement corresponding to element types and contents, so as to quickly feed back feeding amounts of different powder materials and additive manufacturing processing parameters.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a multi-component material laser additive manufacturing component monitoring method based on plasma signal measurement is characterized by comprising the following steps:
selecting a plurality of powder materials according to the requirements of laser additive manufacturing components and carrying out multi-component material system component design;
step two, preparing a powder material according to component design, starting multi-component material laser additive manufacturing processing, and synchronously measuring a plasma signal spectrum generated in the multi-component material additive manufacturing processing process;
and step three, collecting plasma optical signals in the multi-component material additive manufacturing process, comparing and analyzing the plasma optical signals with plasma signal spectrums corresponding to standard substances, and quickly adjusting the feeding amount of different powder materials and laser processing parameters.
The multi-component material system in the first step comprises steel, copper alloy, titanium alloy and aluminum alloy.
The composition design of the first step comprises the determination of material type, quality, density, size, sphericity and processing order.
The laser additive manufacturing and processing mode comprises synchronous powder feeding and powder laying; the laser additive manufacturing processing parameters comprise laser power, an adjusting range of 10000W, a scanning processing speed, an adjusting range of 50mm/s to 5000ms/s, and a laser spot diameter, wherein the adjusting range is 10-1000 mm.
And collecting the plasma optical signal in the multi-element material additive manufacturing process in the third step comprises collecting the optical signal by adopting a reverse optical path coaxial with the processing optical path or adopting a focusing lens on the side surface.
The comparison analysis in the third step comprises the comparison of signal intensity, signal wavelength, signal-to-signal ratio and signal-to-noise ratio, and the analysis of component distribution, powder melting state, defects and tissue performance of corresponding components.
A multielement material laser additive manufacturing component monitoring system based on plasma signal measurement comprises a high-speed spectrum measuring instrument, an optical signal collecting device, a data acquisition and system control device, a powder material distribution system and a laser additive manufacturing processing system; the optical signal collection device and the high-speed spectrometer are sequentially connected with the data acquisition and system control device, and the data acquisition and system control device is respectively connected with the powder material distribution system and the laser additive manufacturing and processing system.
Through the technical scheme, compared with the prior art, the method has the advantages that:
(1) the method can monitor the abnormity of the components, the powder melting state and the processing state of the laser additive manufacturing component on line, and correspondingly and quickly optimize and regulate the powder material distribution and the laser additive manufacturing processing parameters aiming at the components and the defect distribution of the multi-component material additive manufacturing component;
(2) the method of the invention is based on the plasma optical signal generated in the laser additive manufacturing and processing process to carry out on-line monitoring, is easy to realize the integration of laser additive manufacturing and monitoring of the multi-element material, and simplifies the laser additive manufacturing and processing system of the multi-element material.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a feedback device provided by the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of a feedback method provided by the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the spectrum of background noise and plasma signals when a titanium alloy material and a stainless steel material are laser-irradiated according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
See fig. 1.
A multielement material laser additive manufacturing component monitoring system based on plasma signal measurement comprises a high-speed spectrum measuring instrument, an optical signal collecting device, a data acquisition and system control device, a powder material distribution system and a laser additive manufacturing processing system; the optical signal collection device and the high-speed spectrometer are sequentially connected with the data acquisition and system control device, and the data acquisition and system control device is respectively connected with the powder material distribution system and the laser additive manufacturing and processing system.
See fig. 2.
A multi-component material laser additive manufacturing component monitoring method based on plasma signal measurement is characterized by comprising the following steps:
selecting various powder materials according to the requirements of laser additive manufacturing components, designing the components of a multi-component material system, and determining the type, quality, density, size, sphericity and processing order of the materials; the multi-component material system includes steel, copper alloys, titanium alloys, and aluminum alloy compositions.
Step two, preparing a powder material according to component design, starting multi-component material laser additive manufacturing processing, and synchronously measuring a plasma signal spectrum generated in the multi-component material additive manufacturing processing process;
collecting plasma optical signals in the multi-component material additive manufacturing process, and collecting the optical signals by adopting a reverse optical path coaxial with the processing optical path or adopting a focusing lens on the side surface; and comparing and analyzing the plasma signal spectrum corresponding to the standard substance, including comparing the signal intensity, the signal wavelength, the proportional relation among the signals and the signal-to-noise ratio, and analyzing the component distribution, the powder melting state, the defects and the organization performance of the corresponding component. The feeding amount and laser processing parameters of different powder materials are rapidly adjusted.
The laser additive manufacturing and processing mode comprises synchronous powder feeding and powder laying; the laser additive manufacturing processing parameters comprise laser power, an adjusting range of 10000W, a scanning processing speed, an adjusting range of 50mm/s to 5000ms/s, and a laser spot diameter, wherein the adjusting range is 10-1000 mm.
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the spectrum of background noise and plasma signals when titanium alloy and stainless steel materials are irradiated with laser light.
Claims (7)
1. A multi-component material laser additive manufacturing component monitoring method based on plasma signal measurement is characterized by comprising the following steps:
selecting a plurality of powder materials according to the requirements of laser additive manufacturing components and carrying out multi-component material system component design;
step two, preparing a powder material according to component design, starting multi-component material laser additive manufacturing processing, and synchronously measuring a plasma signal spectrum generated in the multi-component material additive manufacturing processing process;
and step three, collecting plasma optical signals in the multi-component material additive manufacturing process, comparing and analyzing the plasma optical signals with plasma signal spectrums corresponding to standard substances, and quickly adjusting the feeding amount of different powder materials and laser processing parameters.
2. The method for monitoring the components of the multi-component material laser additive manufacturing based on the plasma signal measurement as claimed in claim 1, wherein the multi-component material system in the first step comprises steel, copper alloy, titanium alloy and aluminum alloy components.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the designing of the composition in step one comprises determining material type, mass, density, size, sphericity, and processing order.
4. The method for monitoring the components of the multi-component material through laser additive manufacturing based on plasma signal measurement as claimed in claim 1, wherein the laser additive manufacturing processing mode comprises synchronous powder feeding and powder laying; the laser additive manufacturing processing parameters comprise laser power, an adjusting range of 10000W, a scanning processing speed, an adjusting range of 50mm/s to 5000ms/s, and a laser spot diameter, wherein the adjusting range is 10-1000 mm.
5. The method for monitoring the components of the multi-component material laser additive manufacturing based on the plasma signal measurement as claimed in claim 1, wherein the collecting the plasma optical signal in the multi-component material additive manufacturing process in the third step comprises collecting the optical signal by using a reverse optical path coaxial with the processing optical path or by using a focusing lens on the side surface.
6. The method for monitoring the components of the multi-component material laser additive manufacturing based on the plasma signal measurement as claimed in claim 1, wherein the comparison analysis in the third step comprises comparing the signal intensity, the signal wavelength, the proportional relationship between the signals and the signal-to-noise ratio, and analyzing the component distribution, the powder melting state, the defects and the tissue properties of the corresponding components.
7. A multi-component material laser additive manufacturing component monitoring system based on plasma signal measurement is characterized by comprising a high-speed spectrum measuring instrument, an optical signal collecting device, a data acquisition and system control device, a powder material distribution system and a laser additive manufacturing processing system; the optical signal collection device and the high-speed spectrometer are sequentially connected with the data acquisition and system control device, and the data acquisition and system control device is respectively connected with the powder material distribution system and the laser additive manufacturing and processing system.
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| CN111207986A (en) * | 2020-04-22 | 2020-05-29 | 中国航发上海商用航空发动机制造有限责任公司 | Non-destructive testing method for non-fusion defect, testing standard part and manufacturing method thereof |
| CN111965171A (en) * | 2020-07-22 | 2020-11-20 | 江苏大学 | Method for preparing functionally graded material based on closed-loop joint measurement and control system |
| WO2021212847A1 (en) * | 2020-04-22 | 2021-10-28 | 中国航发上海商用航空发动机制造有限责任公司 | Methods for preparing prefabricated crack defect and built-in crack defect, and prefabricated member |
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Cited By (3)
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| CN111965171A (en) * | 2020-07-22 | 2020-11-20 | 江苏大学 | Method for preparing functionally graded material based on closed-loop joint measurement and control system |
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Application publication date: 20200421 |