CN114226614A - Deformation control method for aluminum alloy with difficult deformation and high elongation - Google Patents
Deformation control method for aluminum alloy with difficult deformation and high elongation Download PDFInfo
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- CN114226614A CN114226614A CN202111668775.2A CN202111668775A CN114226614A CN 114226614 A CN114226614 A CN 114226614A CN 202111668775 A CN202111668775 A CN 202111668775A CN 114226614 A CN114226614 A CN 114226614A
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 12
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910001008 7075 aluminium alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012797 qualification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035882 stress Effects 0.000 description 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J5/00—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor
- B21J5/002—Hybrid process, e.g. forging following casting
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21H—MAKING PARTICULAR METAL OBJECTS BY ROLLING, e.g. SCREWS, WHEELS, RINGS, BARRELS, BALLS
- B21H1/00—Making articles shaped as bodies of revolution
- B21H1/06—Making articles shaped as bodies of revolution rings of restricted axial length
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/40—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for rings; for bearing races
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/10—Alloys based on aluminium with zinc as the next major constituent
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/002—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working by rapid cooling or quenching; cooling agents used therefor
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/053—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys with zinc as the next major constituent
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Forging (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a deformation control method for an aluminum alloy with difficult deformation and high elongation, which adopts the technical scheme that the method comprises the following steps: step S1: preparing a blank; step S2: three-way re-forging, wherein the deformation of each fire in the longitudinal direction and the transverse direction is controlled to be 40-45%, and the deformation of each fire in the high direction is controlled to be 30-35%; step S3: carrying out quick expansion and drawing out, and controlling the deformation amount of each fire as follows: 8-12%; step S4: rolling the ring, and controlling the deformation amount of each fire as follows: 8-12%; step S5: solution quenching, comprising a first stage: setting the temperature to 470-475 ℃, and in the second stage: setting the temperature to be 480-485 ℃; step S6: artificial aging, comprising a first stage: setting the temperature to be 118-125 ℃, and in the second stage: heating to 174-191 ℃; step S7: the invention has the advantages that the material strength is improved by controlling the total deformation of the forging and the deformation amount of each fire in certain directions and matching with a proper heat treatment system, the material plasticity is greatly improved, the anisotropy is weakened, and the material meets the requirements of various required mechanical property indexes.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of forging of aluminum alloy forgings, in particular to a deformation control method for an aluminum alloy with difficult deformation and high elongation.
Background
With the development of economic and industrial strength in China, China is one of the strong countries of aerospace. However, the development not only brings opportunities, but also brings more challenges, and as the performance indexes of aircrafts and spacecrafts are improved, the requirements on materials are more and more strict. The aluminum alloy which is difficult to deform and easy to damage is taken as the latest generation of ultrahigh-strength aluminum alloy and is widely applied to the field of aerospace at present, and the field of aerospace has higher requirements on mechanical properties of products, and the longitudinal, transverse and high performances of the three directions are required to meet the requirements at the same time. The aluminum alloy has high alloying degree and large anisotropy of mechanical property, when the annular forging piece is manufactured, the high direction of the aluminum alloy is the compression direction, the abnormal texture of the material is easily caused by overlarge deformation, the mechanical property often cannot meet the design and use requirements, and the qualification rate is low.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a deformation control method for an aluminum alloy with difficult deformation and high elongation, which has the advantages that the overall deformation of a forged piece and the deformation control of each fire in certain directions are controlled, and a proper heat treatment system is matched, so that the strength of the material is improved, the plasticity of the material is greatly improved, the anisotropy is weakened, and the material meets the requirements of various required mechanical property indexes.
The technical purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a deformation control method for an aluminum alloy with difficult deformation and high elongation is characterized by comprising the following steps: step S1: preparing a blank;
step S2: carrying out three-way re-forging on the forged piece, wherein the longitudinal and transverse deformation amount per firing is controlled to be 40-45%, and the high-speed deformation amount per firing is controlled to be 30-35%;
step S3: carrying out horse expanding and drawing out on the forge piece, and controlling the deformation amount of each fire as follows: 8-12%;
step S4: the forging is subjected to ring rolling, the forging is subjected to multi-fire deformation, and the deformation amount of each fire is controlled as follows: 8-12%;
step S5: the forging solid solution quenching comprises two constant temperature stages, namely a first stage: setting the temperature to 470-475 ℃, then preserving the temperature for a period of time, and performing a second stage: the temperature is set to be 480-485 ℃, and then the temperature is kept for a period of time;
step S6: the forging is subjected to artificial aging, and the method comprises two constant temperature stages, namely a first stage: setting the temperature to be 118-125 ℃, keeping the temperature for a period of time, and performing a second stage: heating to 174-191 ℃, then preserving heat for a period of time, and then cooling the forging by water, wherein the water temperature is 25-40 ℃;
step S7: and (5) performing physical and chemical detection on the forged piece.
Further, in step S5, the temperature is set to 475 ℃ in the first stage.
Further, in step S5, the first stage is kept at the temperature for 2-3 hours.
Further, in step S5, the second stage is thermostated to 485 ℃.
Further, in step S5, the second stage is kept at the temperature for 4-5 hours.
Further, in step S5, the quenching water temperature is controlled to be 55-70 ℃.
Further, in step S6, the temperature is set at 121 ℃ in the first stage and increased to 177 ℃ in the second stage. Further, in the step S6, the first-stage forge piece is subjected to heat preservation for 6-8 hours.
Further, in the step S6, the temperature of the forge piece at the second stage is kept for 8-10 hours.
An aluminum alloy comprising, in mass percent: si: less than or equal to 0.4 percent; fe: less than or equal to 0.5 percent, Cu: 1.2-2.0%, Mn: less than or equal to 0.3 percent, Mg: 2.1-2.9%, Cr: 0.18-0.28%, Zn: 5.1-6.1%, Ti: 0.2 percent and the balance of Al.
In conclusion, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. according to the invention, the total deformation of the forging and the control of the deformation of each firing time in certain directions are controlled, so that the material difficult to deform is not beyond the deformation limit, the sufficient deformation is ensured, coarse crystals in the alloy are sufficiently crushed and refined, the fine and uniform crystal structure of the forging in three directions is ensured, and the performance of the forging in three directions is improved.
2. Through the solution quenching of the melting furnace, the material combination is fully recovered dynamically, the internal stress accumulated in the material deformation process is released, in the fixed quenching process, the second phase particles are fully dissolved, and the unstable precipitated phase is dissolved by combining the two-stage heating and heat preservation, and the precipitated phase with thermal stability is kept on the crystal boundary.
3. Through aging treatment, dispersed phases precipitated from the material are gradually melted into the matrix, the number and the size of the dispersed phases are reduced, the grain structure is further refined, and the mechanical property of the forging reaches the peak value.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the steps of a deformation control method for a difficult-to-deform high-elongation aluminum alloy.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the following detailed description of the present invention is provided with reference to the accompanying drawings and the detailed description. The advantages and features of the present invention will become more apparent from the following description. It is to be noted that the drawings are in a very simplified form and are all used in a non-precise scale for the purpose of facilitating and distinctly aiding in the description of the embodiments of the present invention. To make the objects, features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, reference is made to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the structures, ratios, sizes, and the like shown in the drawings and described in the specification are only used for matching with the disclosure of the specification, so as to be understood and read by those skilled in the art, and are not used to limit the implementation conditions of the present invention, so that the present invention has no technical significance, and any structural modification, ratio relationship change or size adjustment should still fall within the scope of the present invention without affecting the efficacy and the achievable purpose of the present invention.
Example 1:
step S1: a blank is prepared, the size of the blank is phi 800mm multiplied by 1600 mm.
Step S2: the forging is subjected to three-way re-forging, the longitudinal and transverse deformation amount per fire is controlled to be 40-45%, the deformation amount per fire in the high direction is controlled to be 30-35%, the forging is punched after re-forging, and the size of the forging is as follows: phi 1230mm x phi 380mm x 700 mm.
Step S3: carrying out horse expanding and drawing out on the forged piece, wherein the size of the forged piece is phi 1400mm multiplied by phi 1085mm multiplied by 1220mm, and the deformation of each fire time is controlled as follows: 8-12%.
Step S4: performing ring rolling on the forging, performing ring rolling for multiple times of fire, wherein the size of the forging is phi 2205mm multiplied by phi 2021mm multiplied by 1220mm, and controlling the deformation of each time of fire as follows: 8-12%. In this embodiment, the first fire secondary ring rolling: the instantaneous size of the forging piece is phi 1500mm multiplied by phi 1213mm multiplied by 1220mm, and the deformation amount is 10.87%; second fire secondary ring rolling: the instantaneous size of the forging piece is phi 1650mm multiplied by phi 1394.6mm multiplied by 1220mm, and the deformation amount is 10.77 percent; and (3) grinding the ring for the third fire time: the instantaneous size phi of the forge piece is 1820mm multiplied by phi 1592.1mm multiplied by 1220mm, and the deformation is 10.09%; and (3) grinding the ring for the fourth fire time: the instantaneous size phi of the forge piece is 2000mm multiplied by phi 1795.1mm multiplied by 1220mm, and the deformation is 10.19%.
Step S5: and carrying out solution quenching on the forging. The method comprises two constant temperature stages, namely a first stage: keeping the temperature at 470 ℃, then keeping the temperature for 2h, and in the second stage: the temperature is fixed to 480 ℃, and then the temperature is kept for 4 hours. The quenching water temperature is controlled to be 55 ℃.
Step S6: the forging is subjected to artificial aging, and the method comprises two constant temperature stages, namely a first stage: keeping the temperature at 118 ℃ for 6h, and in the second stage: raising the temperature to 174 ℃, then preserving the heat for 8 hours, and then immediately discharging the forge piece out of the furnace and cooling by water, wherein the water temperature is 25 ℃.
Step S7: and (4) performing physical and chemical detection on the forged piece, and taking the circumferential, axial and radial mechanical properties.
The produced aluminum alloy belongs to 7075 aluminum alloy and comprises the following element components in percentage by mass: si: less than or equal to 0.4 percent; fe: less than or equal to 0.5 percent, Cu: 1.2-2.0%, Mn: less than or equal to 0.3 percent, Mg: 2.1-2.9%, Cr: 0.18-0.28%, Zn: 5.1-6.1%, Ti: 0.2 percent and the balance of Al.
Example 2:
the procedure differs from example 1 in that:
step S5: and carrying out solution quenching on the forging. The method comprises two constant temperature stages, namely a first stage: keeping the temperature at 472 ℃, then keeping the temperature for 2h, and in the second stage: the temperature is kept at 483 ℃, and then the temperature is kept for 4.5 h. The quenching water temperature is controlled to be 60 ℃.
Step S6: the forging is subjected to artificial aging, and the method comprises two constant temperature stages, namely a first stage: keeping the temperature at 121 ℃, keeping the temperature for 7h, and in the second stage: and raising the temperature to 185 ℃, then preserving the heat for 9 hours, and then immediately discharging the forged piece out of the furnace and cooling by water, wherein the water temperature is 35 ℃.
Example 3:
the procedure differs from example 1 in that:
step S5: and carrying out solution quenching on the forging. The method comprises two constant temperature stages, namely a first stage: keeping the temperature at 475 ℃, then preserving the heat for 3h, and in the second stage: the temperature is fixed to 485 ℃, and then the temperature is kept for 5 hours. The quenching water temperature is controlled to be 70 ℃.
Step S6: the forging is subjected to artificial aging, and the method comprises two constant temperature stages, namely a first stage: keeping the temperature at 125 ℃ for 8h, and performing a second stage: raising the temperature to 191 ℃, then preserving the heat for 10 hours, and then immediately discharging the forged piece out of the furnace and cooling by water, wherein the water temperature is 40 ℃.
And (3) three-dimensional mechanical detection of the forged piece:
| Rm(Mpa) | Rp0.2(Mpa) | A(％) | |
| technical requirements | ≥440 | ≥380 | ≥6 |
| Longitudinal direction | 506 | 434 | 7.0 |
| Technical requirements | ≥435 | ≥365 | ≥2 |
| Transverse direction | 506 | 434 | 9.5 |
| Technical requirements | ≥415 | ≥350 | ≥1 |
| Gao Xiang | 481 | 407 | 12.5 |
And (3) low power detection: no defect is found, and the streamline meets the acceptance standard.
High power detection: no over-burning and accordance with the acceptance standard.
The technical features of the embodiments described above may be arbitrarily combined, and for the sake of brevity, all possible combinations of the technical features in the embodiments described above are not described, but should be considered as being within the scope of the present specification as long as there is no contradiction between the combinations of the technical features.
The above-mentioned embodiments only express several embodiments of the present invention, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the inventive concept, which falls within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present patent shall be subject to the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A deformation control method for an aluminum alloy with difficult deformation and high elongation is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step S1: preparing a blank;
step S2: carrying out three-way re-forging on the forged piece, wherein the longitudinal and transverse deformation amount per firing is controlled to be 40-45%, and the high-speed deformation amount per firing is controlled to be 30-35%;
step S3: carrying out horse expanding and drawing out on the forge piece, and controlling the deformation amount of each fire as follows: 8-12%;
step S4: the forging is subjected to ring rolling, the forging is subjected to multi-fire deformation, and the deformation amount of each fire is controlled as follows: 8-12%;
step S5: the forging solid solution quenching comprises two constant temperature stages, namely a first stage: setting the temperature to 470-475 ℃, then preserving the temperature for a period of time, and performing a second stage: the temperature is set to be 480-485 ℃, and then the temperature is kept for a period of time;
step S6: the forging is subjected to artificial aging, and the method comprises two constant temperature stages, namely a first stage: setting the temperature to be 118-125 ℃, keeping the temperature for a period of time, and performing a second stage: heating to 174-191 ℃, then preserving heat for a period of time, and then cooling the forging by water, wherein the water temperature is 25-40 ℃;
step S7: and (5) performing physical and chemical detection on the forged piece.
2. The deformation control method of a difficult-to-deform high-elongation aluminum alloy according to claim 1, characterized in that: in step S5, the temperature is set to 475 ℃ in the first stage.
3. The deformation control method of a difficult-to-deform high-elongation aluminum alloy according to claim 1, characterized in that: in step S5, the first stage is performed for 2-3 hours.
4. The deformation control method of a difficult-to-deform high-elongation aluminum alloy according to claim 1, characterized in that: in step S5, the second stage is thermostated to 485 ℃.
5. The deformation control method of a difficult-to-deform high-elongation aluminum alloy according to claim 1, characterized in that: in step S5, the second stage is kept at the temperature for 4-5 h.
6. The deformation control method of a difficult-to-deform high-elongation aluminum alloy according to claim 1, characterized in that: in step S5, the quenching water temperature is controlled to be 55-70 ℃.
7. The deformation control method of a difficult-to-deform high-elongation aluminum alloy according to claim 1, characterized in that: in step S6, the temperature is set at 121 ℃ in the first stage and the temperature is increased to 177 ℃ in the second stage.
8. The deformation control method of a difficult-to-deform high-elongation aluminum alloy according to claim 1, characterized in that: in step S6, the first-stage forge piece is subjected to heat preservation for 6-8 hours.
9. The deformation control method of a difficult-to-deform high-elongation aluminum alloy according to claim 1, characterized in that: in step S6, the second-stage forge piece is subjected to heat preservation for 8-10 h.
10. An aluminum alloy prepared by the deformation control method of the aluminum alloy with difficult deformation and high elongation as recited in any one of claims 1 to 9, which is characterized by comprising the following elements in percentage by mass: si: less than or equal to 0.4 percent; fe: less than or equal to 0.5 percent, Cu: 1.2-2.0%, Mn: less than or equal to 0.3 percent, Mg: 2.1-2.9%, Cr: 0.18-0.28%, Zn: 5.1-6.1%, Ti: 0.2 percent and the balance of Al.
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