CN114226614B - Deformation control method for difficult-deformation high-elongation aluminum alloy - Google Patents
Deformation control method for difficult-deformation high-elongation aluminum alloy Download PDFInfo
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 60
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 12
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910001008 7075 aluminium alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012797 qualification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035882 stress Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J5/00—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor
- B21J5/002—Hybrid process, e.g. forging following casting
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21H—MAKING PARTICULAR METAL OBJECTS BY ROLLING, e.g. SCREWS, WHEELS, RINGS, BARRELS, BALLS
- B21H1/00—Making articles shaped as bodies of revolution
- B21H1/06—Making articles shaped as bodies of revolution rings of restricted axial length
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/40—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for rings; for bearing races
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/10—Alloys based on aluminium with zinc as the next major constituent
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/002—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working by rapid cooling or quenching; cooling agents used therefor
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/053—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys with zinc as the next major constituent
Abstract
The invention discloses a deformation control method of an aluminum alloy with difficult deformation and high elongation, which comprises the following steps: step S1: preparing a blank; step S2: the deformation of the three-way forging is changed to 40-45% for each fire in the longitudinal direction and the transverse direction, and the deformation of the three-way forging is controlled to 30-35% for each fire in the high direction; step S3: horse expansion and drawing, and controlling deformation amount of each firing time as follows: 8-12%; step S4: the ring rolling is controlled to be carried out, and the deformation amount of each firing time is controlled to be: 8-12%; step S5: solution hardening, comprising a first stage: setting the temperature to 470-475 ℃, and carrying out a second stage: the constant temperature is 480 to 485 ℃; step S6: artificial ageing, comprising a first stage: constant temperature 118-125 ℃, second stage: heating to 174-191 ℃; step S7: the invention has the advantages that the physical and chemical detection of the forging is realized by controlling the total deformation of the forging and the deformation of the forging in certain directions at each time, and then matching with a proper heat treatment system, so that the strength of the material is improved, the plasticity of the material is greatly improved, the anisotropy is weakened, and the material meets the requirements of various mechanical property indexes.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of forging of aluminum alloy forgings, in particular to a deformation control method of an aluminum alloy with difficult deformation and high elongation.
Background
With the development of economy and industrial strength in China, china is one of aviation and aerospace countries. However, development not only brings about opportunities, but also brings about more challenges, and as performance indexes of aircrafts and spacecrafts are improved, requirements on materials are also becoming more and more strict. The aluminum alloy which is difficult to deform and easy to damage is used as the latest super-high strength aluminum alloy, and is widely applied to the aerospace field at present, and the aerospace field has higher requirements on the mechanical properties of products, and the requirements on the properties in the longitudinal direction, the transverse direction and the high direction are simultaneously met. The aluminum alloy has high alloying degree and high mechanical property anisotropy, and when the annular forging is manufactured, the high direction is the compression direction, so that abnormal material texture is easily caused by overlarge deformation, the mechanical property often does not meet the design and use requirements, and the qualification rate is lower.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide the deformation control method for the difficult-deformation high-elongation aluminum alloy, which has the advantages that the total deformation of the forging piece and the deformation of the forging piece in certain directions at each time are controlled, and the proper heat treatment system is matched, so that the strength of the material is improved, the plasticity of the material is greatly improved, the anisotropy is weakened, and the material meets the requirements of various mechanical property indexes.
The technical aim of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
The deformation control method of the difficult-deformation high-elongation aluminum alloy is characterized by comprising the following steps of: step S1: preparing a blank;
Step S2: the forging is changed from three-way forging, the deformation of each fire in the longitudinal direction and the transverse direction is controlled to be 40-45%, and the deformation of each fire in the high direction is controlled to be 30-35%;
step S3: the forgings are subjected to horse expansion and drawing, and the deformation of each firing is controlled as follows: 8-12%;
step S4: the forging is rolled, the forging is deformed by multiple fires, and the deformation of each fire is controlled as follows: 8-12%;
Step S5: solution hardening of the forging comprises two fixed temperature stages, namely a first stage: setting the temperature to 470-475 ℃, then preserving the heat for a period of time, and in the second stage: setting the temperature to 480-485 ℃, and then preserving the heat for a period of time;
Step S6: the forging is artificially aged, and comprises two constant temperature stages, namely a first stage: constant temperature 118-125 deg.c, heat preservation for some time, and the second stage: heating to 174-191 ℃, then preserving heat for a period of time, and then cooling the forging with water at the water temperature of 25-40 ℃;
Step S7: and (5) physical and chemical detection of the forging.
Further, in step S5, the first stage is set to 475 ℃.
Further, in step S5, the first stage is kept warm for 2 to 3 hours.
Further, in step S5, the second stage is set to 485 ℃.
Further, in step S5, the second stage is kept warm for 4 to 5 hours.
Further, in step S5, the quenching water temperature is controlled to 55 to 70 ℃.
Further, in step S6, the first stage is set to 121 ℃ and the second stage is heated to 177 ℃. Further, in the step S6, the forging in the first stage is preserved for 6-8 hours.
Further, in the step S6, the forging piece in the second stage is insulated for 8-10 hours.
An aluminum alloy comprises the following element components in percentage by mass: si: less than or equal to 0.4 percent; fe: less than or equal to 0.5 percent, cu:1.2 to 2.0 percent, mn: less than or equal to 0.3 percent, mg:2.1 to 2.9 percent, cr:0.18 to 0.28 percent, zn:5.1 to 6.1 percent, ti:0.2%, the balance being Al.
In summary, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. According to the invention, by controlling the total deformation of the forging and the deformation of the forging in certain directions at each time, the difficult-to-deform material is ensured not to exceed the deformation limit, the deformation is ensured to be sufficient, coarse crystals in the alloy are fully crushed and refined, the forging is ensured to have fine and uniform crystal structures in three directions, and the three-direction performance of the forging is improved.
2. The material combination is fully and dynamically recovered through the solution quenching in a furnace, the internal stress accumulated in the deformation process of the material is released, the second phase particles are fully dissolved in the fixed quenching process, the combination of two-stage heating and heat preservation is used for dissolving unstable precipitated phases, and the precipitated phases with thermal stability are maintained on the grain boundary.
3. And gradually fusing the dispersed phase separated out from the material into a matrix through ageing treatment, wherein the quantity and the size of the dispersed phase are reduced, and further refining the grain structure to enable the mechanical property of the forging to reach a peak value.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the steps of a method for controlling deformation of a difficult-to-deform high-elongation aluminum alloy.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the following more detailed description of the device according to the present invention is given with reference to the accompanying drawings and the detailed description. The advantages and features of the present invention will become more apparent from the following description. It should be noted that the drawings are in a very simplified form and are all to a non-precise scale, merely for the purpose of facilitating and clearly aiding in the description of embodiments of the invention. For a better understanding of the invention with objects, features and advantages, refer to the drawings. It should be understood that the structures, proportions, sizes, etc. shown in the drawings are for illustration purposes only and should not be construed as limiting the invention to the extent that any modifications, changes in the proportions, or adjustments of the sizes of structures, proportions, or otherwise, used in the practice of the invention, are included in the spirit and scope of the invention which is otherwise, without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics thereof.
Example 1:
Step S1: preparing a blank, wherein the size of the blank is phi 800mm multiplied by 1600mm.
Step S2: the forging is changed from three directions, the deformation of each fire in the longitudinal direction and the transverse direction is controlled to be 40-45%, the deformation of each fire in the high direction is controlled to be 30-35%, the forging is performed after the forging is changed, and the size of the forging is as follows: phi 1230mm x phi 380mm x 700mm.
Step S3: the forging is subjected to horse expansion and drawing, the dimension of the forging is phi 1400mm multiplied by phi 1085mm multiplied by 1220mm, and the deformation of each firing is controlled as follows: 8-12%.
Step S4: the forging is rolled, the ring is rolled with multiple fires, the dimension of the forging is phi 2205mm multiplied by phi 2021mm multiplied by 1220mm, and the deformation of each fire is controlled as follows: 8-12%. In this embodiment, the first fire grinds the ring: the instantaneous dimension phi 1500mm multiplied by phi 1213mm multiplied by 1220mm of the forging, and the deformation is 10.87%; second fire ring rolling: the instantaneous dimension phi 1650mm multiplied by phi 1394.6mm multiplied by 1220mm of the forging, and the deformation is 10.77%; third fire ring grinding: the instantaneous dimension phi 1820mm multiplied by phi 1592.1mm multiplied by 1220mm of the forging, and the deformation is 10.09%; fourth fire ring grinding: the instantaneous dimension phi 2000mm phi 1795.1mm phi 1220mm of the forging is 10.19 percent.
Step S5: and carrying out solution hardening on the forging. Comprises two constant temperature stages, a first stage: constant temperature 470 ℃, then preserving heat for 2 hours, and in the second stage: the temperature is fixed at 480 ℃, and then the temperature is kept for 4 hours. The quenching water temperature was controlled to 55 ℃.
Step S6: the forging is artificially aged, and comprises two constant temperature stages, namely a first stage: constant temperature 118 ℃, heat preservation for 6 hours, second stage: heating to 174 ℃, preserving heat for 8 hours, immediately discharging the forging piece, and cooling with water at 25 ℃.
Step S7: and (3) performing physical and chemical detection on the forging, and taking the mechanical properties of the annular direction, the axial direction and the radial direction.
The produced aluminum alloy 7075 aluminum alloy comprises the following element components in percentage by mass: si: less than or equal to 0.4 percent; fe: less than or equal to 0.5 percent, cu:1.2 to 2.0 percent, mn: less than or equal to 0.3 percent, mg:2.1 to 2.9 percent, cr:0.18 to 0.28 percent, zn:5.1 to 6.1 percent, ti:0.2%, the balance being Al.
Example 2:
The steps different from example 1 are:
Step S5: and carrying out solution hardening on the forging. Comprises two constant temperature stages, a first stage: constant temperature 472 ℃, then preserving heat for 2 hours, and in the second stage: the temperature is fixed at 483 ℃, and then the temperature is kept for 4.5 hours. The quenching water temperature was controlled to 60 ℃.
Step S6: the forging is artificially aged, and comprises two constant temperature stages, namely a first stage: constant temperature 121 ℃, heat preservation for 7h, second stage: heating to 185 ℃, preserving heat for 9 hours, immediately discharging the forging, and cooling with water at 35 ℃.
Example 3:
The steps different from example 1 are:
step S5: and carrying out solution hardening on the forging. Comprises two constant temperature stages, a first stage: constant temperature 475 ℃, then preserving heat for 3 hours, and in the second stage: the temperature is fixed at 485 ℃, and then the temperature is kept for 5 hours. The quenching water temperature was controlled to 70 ℃.
Step S6: the forging is artificially aged, and comprises two constant temperature stages, namely a first stage: constant temperature 125 ℃, heat preservation for 8 hours, and a second stage: heating to 191 ℃, preserving heat for 10 hours, immediately discharging the forging piece, and cooling with water at 40 ℃.
And (3) detecting three-dimensional mechanics of the forging:
| Rm(Mpa) | Rp0.2(Mpa) | A(％) | |
| Technical requirements | ≥440 | ≥380 | ≥6 |
| Longitudinal direction | 506 | 434 | 7.0 |
| Technical requirements | ≥435 | ≥365 | ≥2 |
| Transverse direction | 506 | 434 | 9.5 |
| Technical requirements | ≥415 | ≥350 | ≥1 |
| High direction | 481 | 407 | 12.5 |
And (3) low-power detection: no defect is found, and the streamline meets the acceptance criterion.
High-power detection: no overburning is found, and the acceptance criterion is met.
The technical features of the above-described embodiments may be arbitrarily combined, and all possible combinations of the technical features in the above-described embodiments are not described for brevity of description, however, as long as there is no contradiction between the combinations of the technical features, they should be considered as the scope of the description.
The above examples illustrate only a few embodiments of the invention, which are described in detail and are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention, which are all within the scope of the invention. Accordingly, the scope of protection of the present invention is to be determined by the appended claims.
Claims (7)
1. The deformation control method of the difficult-deformation high-elongation aluminum alloy is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
Step S1: preparing a blank;
The aluminum alloy comprises the following element components in percentage by mass: si: less than or equal to 0.4 percent; fe: less than or equal to 0.5 percent, cu:1.2 to 2.0 percent, mn: less than or equal to 0.3 percent, mg:2.1 to 2.9 percent, cr:0.18 to 0.28 percent, zn:5.1 to 6.1 percent, ti:0.2%, the balance being Al;
Step S2: the forging is changed from three-way forging, the deformation of each fire in the longitudinal direction and the transverse direction is controlled to be 40-45%, and the deformation of each fire in the high direction is controlled to be 30-35%;
step S3: the forgings are subjected to horse expansion and drawing, and the deformation of each firing is controlled as follows: 8-12%;
step S4: the forging is rolled, the forging is deformed by multiple fires, and the deformation of each fire is controlled as follows: 8-12%;
Step S5: solution hardening of the forging comprises two fixed temperature stages, namely a first stage: the temperature is fixed at 470-475 ℃, then the temperature is kept for a period of time, and the first stage is kept for 2-3 hours; and a second stage: the temperature is fixed at 480-485 ℃, then the temperature is kept for a period of time, and the second stage is kept for 4-5 h;
Step S6: the forging is artificially aged, and comprises two constant temperature stages, namely a first stage: constant temperature 118-125 deg.c, heat preservation for some time, and the second stage: heating to 174-191 ℃, then preserving heat for a period of time, and then cooling the forging with water at the water temperature of 25-40 ℃;
Step S7: and (5) physical and chemical detection of the forging.
2. The method for controlling deformation of the aluminum alloy with difficult deformation and high elongation according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in step S5, the first stage is set to 475 ℃.
3. The method for controlling deformation of the aluminum alloy with difficult deformation and high elongation according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in step S5, the second stage is set to 485 ℃.
4. The method for controlling deformation of the aluminum alloy with difficult deformation and high elongation according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in step S5, the quenching water temperature is controlled to 55-70 ℃.
5. The method for controlling deformation of the aluminum alloy with difficult deformation and high elongation according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in step S6, the first stage is set to 121 ℃ and the second stage is heated to 177 ℃.
6. The method for controlling deformation of the aluminum alloy with difficult deformation and high elongation according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step S6, the forging piece in the first stage is insulated for 6-8 hours.
7. The method for controlling deformation of the aluminum alloy with difficult deformation and high elongation according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step S6, the forging piece in the second stage is insulated for 8-10 hours.
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- 2021-12-31 CN CN202111668775.2A patent/CN114226614B/en active Active
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