CN114222549B - 用于进行眼内手术以治疗眼睛病症的系统和方法 - Google Patents
用于进行眼内手术以治疗眼睛病症的系统和方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种准分子激光系统,该准分子激光系统包括用于校准激光输出以补偿激光光纤中增加的变化的装置。
Description
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求于2019年4月19日提交的美国申请No.16/389,359的优先权和权益,其内容通过引用整体并入本文。
技术领域
本公开涉及医疗设备,并且更具体地涉及一种准分子激光系统,该准分子激光系统包括用于校准激光输出以补偿激光光纤中增加的变化的装置。
背景技术
在医疗行业中,存在许多包括单独部件的外科手术设备、仪器和系统,这些部件必须适当地一起工作以确保安全且有效地进行治疗。关键的是,任何给定的部件落入可接受的公差内,以确保部件在物理上与其他部件适当地配合和相互作用,并且起到预期的作用。
任何产品的实际生产(或任何系统的操作)都涉及输入和输出的一些固有变化。测量误差和统计不确定性也存在于所有测量中。因此,公差是设计设备、仪器或系统时的固有方面。公差的概念(有时称为工程公差)涉及部件的物理尺寸的变化的容许极限或范围、部件的测量值或物理特性、部件与另一部件之间的间隔等。因此,如果部件落在容许公差之外(即,部件太小、太大、不具有可接受的特性等),则整个设备、仪器或系统将不能按设计的那样执行。
由多个部件组成的外科手术系统的一个示例是医疗激光系统。医疗激光系统通常包括激光单元和单独的激光探针,该激光探针具有用于将激光辐射从激光单元引导至治疗区域的光纤。激光单元以特定波长提供激光,因此,激光单元可以被设计为执行特定手术。例如,某些手术可能需要(在递送第一波长的激光辐射时发生的)目标组织的光凝固术,而其他手术可能需要(在递送第二波长的激光辐射时发生的)目标组织的光消融。接着,与这些激光系统一起使用的光纤可具有特定尺寸、材料成分和/或功能特性(即,在特定温度和波长下的操作),以便如预期那样与对应的激光单元一起起作用。
虽然当前的激光器单元允许一定的公差(即,光纤尺寸、特性、或条件可以具有一些变化而不会显著影响该激光系统的运行),但是容许公差的范围是极其狭小的。例如,光纤具有非常小的直径,其通常在微米尺度上测量。光纤的直径可影响激光辐射通过光纤的传输,因此可能会影响从光纤的递送尖端发射的激光辐射。因此,光纤制造中的变化空间非常小。由于确保光纤的直径落在容许公差内所需的高精度,增加了制造成本。此外,如果给定光纤落在容许公差之外(即,直径太大或太小),使用不合规的光纤可能导致传输的激光辐射不处于期望波长处。进而,使用不合规的光纤会带来无效治疗的风险,并且在一些情况下,可能导致额外的非预期损害和伤害。
发明内容
本发明提供了一种用于校准激光源的输出以补偿激光光纤中增加的变化的系统。在这样的系统中,元件通常包括激光源,该激光源用于产生激光能量,该激光能量将被提供至可与激光源耦接的多个激光探针中的一个。每个激光探针都包括光纤,该光纤包括光纤芯,该光纤芯被适配成将来自该激光源的激光辐射引导穿过光纤并且到达所期望的治疗区域。该系统还包括用于管理激光源的激光管理系统。该管理系统包括控制系统,该控制系统被配置为调节从激光源至任何给定激光探针的激光能量输出,以便维持递送至该目标区域的激光辐射的一致的水平,而不管任何给定激光探针的光纤芯中的变化。
更具体地,作为初始设置的一部分,控制系统接收与耦接至激光源的激光探针相关联的数据。该数据可以包括激光探针的光纤芯的一个或更多个尺寸,一个或更多个尺寸包括光纤芯直径。然后,控制器分析数据,并且基于分析,确定从激光源输出的激光能量的最佳水平。从激光源输出的激光能量的最佳水平是基于激光探针数据(如光纤芯的具体尺寸)与校准数据的相关性。校准数据通常可以包括多组值,其中,每组值可以包括来自激光源的激光能量输出水平、用于接收激光能量输出水平的激光探针的光纤芯的直径、以及从激光探针的递送尖端发射的激光辐射的最终的波长值(resulting wavelength value)。在优选实施例中,待从递送尖端发射的激光辐射的最终的波长值保持恒定,而不管光纤芯的直径如何。在此类实施例中,激光管理系统(即,控制系统)针对光纤芯的任何给定直径自动调节来自激光源的激光能量输出水平(即,增加或减少输出水平),以便将在目标区域上的激光辐射的发射维持在一致的波长处,尽管来自多个激光探针的光纤芯的直径存在变化。
因此,本发明的系统能够通过简单地调节激光源的输出来补偿跨多个激光探针的宽范围的变化,以解决此类变化。进而,由于在制造过程中需要较小的精度,所以提高了光纤的制造公差,从而降低了总成本。此外,通过对激光输出的微调,激光辐射被维持在一致的波长处,从而确保目标区域按预期进行治疗并且维持了患者安全性。
附图说明
图1示出了本公开的准分子激光系统。
图2示出了本公开的准分子激光系统以及用于校准激光输出以补偿激光探针的光纤中的增加的变化的装置。
图3示出了校准激光输出的过程,包括调节从激光源至激光探针的激光能量输出以解决激光探针的光纤芯的变化。
图4示出了准分子激光单元的实施例。
图5示出了与准分子激光系统一起使用的探针的实施例。
图6示出了沿图5的线A-A截取的探针的截面图。
图7示出了沿着图5的线B-B截取的探针的截面图。
图8示出了附接至准分子激光单元的激光探针的实施例。
图9示出了激光探针与准分子单元之间的连接以及基于校准技术将经调节的激光能量输出水平递送至激光探针的放大图。
具体实施方式
本发明提供了一种用于校准激光源的输出以补偿激光光纤中增加的变化的系统。在这样的系统中,元件通常包括激光源,该激光源用于产生激光能量,该激光能量将被提供至可与该激光源耦接的多个激光探针中的一个。每个激光探针都包括光纤,该光纤包括光纤芯,该光纤芯被适配成将来自激光源的激光辐射引导穿过光纤并且到达所期望的治疗区域。该系统还包括用于管理激光源的激光管理系统。该管理系统包括:控制系统,该控制系统被配置为调节从激光源至任何给定激光探针的激光能量输出,以维持递送至目标区域的激光辐射的一致的水平,而不管任何给定激光探针的光纤芯中的变化。
因此,本发明的系统能够通过简单地调节激光源的输出来补偿跨多个激光探针的宽范围的变化,以解决这种变化。进而,由于在制造过程中需要较小的精度,所以提高了光纤的制造公差,从而降低了总成本。此外,通过对激光输出的微调,激光辐射被维持在一致的波长处,从而确保目标区域按预期进行治疗并且维持患者安全性。
本发明的系统特别好地适用于期望对目标组织进行激光治疗的眼内手术。具体地,本发明的激光源、激光管理系统和激光探针优选地用于治疗青光眼并且在执行激光小梁切开术中是有用的。然而,应注意的是,与本公开一致的系统可以用于各种病症的任何激光治疗中,包括其他眼睛病症(即,诸如增生性糖尿病性视网膜病变或黄斑水肿的糖尿病性眼部疾病、年龄相关性黄斑变性情况、视网膜撕裂、以及早产儿视网膜病变、以及用于校正屈光不正的激光辅助原位角膜炎(LASIK)(诸如近视(弱视)或散光))以及一般和其他实践区域(非眼部实践区域)中的其他病症。
图1示出了准分子激光系统,该准分子激光系统包括激光单元系统100以及附接至激光单元系统100的激光探针200。系统100包括激光源102和激光管理系统108。激光探针200包括光纤芯202。如将在本文中更详细描述的,激光单元系统100的许多部件可被容纳在(例如可移动平台的)壳体中,以被设置在要执行该手术的设置(例如,操作室、手术室、门诊室设置等)中,并且探针200可连接至壳体以在治疗期间使用。在将探针200耦接到壳体时,光纤芯202耦接到激光源102并且被适配成将来自激光源102的激光辐射引导穿过光纤并且到达治疗区域。
激光源102包括准分子激光器104和气体盒106,气体盒106用于向激光器104提供适当的气体组合。准分子激光104为紫外线激光器的形式,紫外线激光器通常在UV光谱区中操作,并产生纳秒脉冲。准分子增益介质(即,气体盒106中所含的介质)通常是含有惰性气体(例如,氩、氪或氙)和反应性气体(例如,氟或氯)的气体混合物。在电刺激和高压的适当条件下,产生称为准分子(或在惰性气体卤化物的情况下为激基复合物)的伪分子,其仅能以激励状态存在,并可产生UV范围内的激光。
在准分子分子中发生激光作用是因为它具有结合(缔合)激发态,但是具有排斥(解离)基态。诸如氙和氪的惰性气体是高度惰性的并且通常不形成化学化合物。然而,当(通过放电或高能电子束诱导)处于激发态时,惰性气体可以与自身(准分子)或与卤素(激基复合物)(诸如氟和氯)形成暂时结合的分子。被激发的化合物可以通过经历自发或受激发射而释放其过量能量,导致强烈排斥的基态分子,基态分子非常快速地(在皮秒的量级上)解离回两个未结合的原子。这形成粒子数反转。本系统100的准分子激光器104是XeCl准分子激光器并且发射308nm的波长。
激光管理系统108管理激光源102。具体地,如图2所示,激光管理系统108包括控制器110(本文中也称为“控制系统110”)。控制器110为操作者(即,外科医生或其他医疗专业人员)提供对激光信号的(从激光源102至光纤芯202的)输出的控制,并且进而对来自探针200的光纤芯202的激光能量的传输进行控制。然而,在向操作者提供对激光输出的控制之前,激光管理系统108提供校准过程,其中校准从激光源102到激光探针200的激光能量输出以维持从探针200递送到目标区域的激光辐射的一致的水平,而不管探针200的光纤芯202中存在任何变化。
图2示出了激光单元系统100以及与系统100一起使用的激光探针200的激光输出的校准,以解决激光探针200的光纤芯的变化。图3示出了校准激光输出的过程,包括调节从激光源至激光探针的激光能量输出以解决激光探针200的光纤芯202中的变化。
作为初始设置的一部分,控制器110接收与耦接至激光源102的激光探针相关联的数据。在这种情况下,来自激光探针200的数据被提供给控制器110。该数据可以(经由设置在系统100上的用户接口)被手动地输入或者可以经由系统100的相关联的读取器从可读设备或探针200上的标签自动读取。该数据可以包括探针200的物理特征,包括但不限于光纤芯202的物理尺寸、光纤芯202的一个或更多个测量值或物理特性、以及探针200的其他部件的物理尺寸和/或测量值或物理特性。在一个实施例中,数据包括光纤芯202的直径。
然后,通过控制器110分析数据,并且基于该分析,确定从激光源102输出的激光能量的最佳水平。该分析基于激光探针数据(如光纤芯的具体尺寸)与校准数据的相关性。校准数据被存储在数据库中,或形成激光单元系统100的一部分的本地数据库(即,校准数据库112)或经由远程服务器300托管的远程数据库(即,校准数据库302)中。例如,在一些实施例中,系统100可以通过网络与远程服务器300通信和交换数据。网络可以表示例如专用或非专用局域网(LAN)、个域网(PAN)、存储区域网(SAN)、骨干网、全球区域网(GAN)、广域网(WAN)或诸如内联网、外联网或互联网的任何此类计算机网络的集合(即,运行各种应用或服务的全球互连网络系统,包括例如万维网)。
校准数据通常可以包括多组值,其中,每组值可以包括来自激光源的激光能量输出水平、用于接收激光能量输出水平的激光探针的光纤芯的直径、以及从激光探针的递送尖端发射的激光辐射的最终的波长值。在优选实施例中,待从递送尖端发射的激光辐射的最终的波长值保持恒定,而不管光纤芯的直径如何。在此类实施例中,激光管理系统(即,控制系统)针对光纤芯的任何给定直径自动调节来自激光源的激光能量输出水平(即,增加或减少输出水平),以便将在目标区域上的激光辐射的发射维持在一致的波长处,尽管来自多个激光探针的光纤芯的直径存在变化。
控制器110可以包括被配置为执行上述操作中的任何操作的软件、固件和/或电路。软件可以被实施为记录在非暂时性计算机可读存储介质上的软件包、代码、指令、指令集和/或数据。固件可以被实施为在存储器设备中被硬编码(例如,非易失性)的代码、指令或指令集和/或数据。如在本文的任何实施例中所使用的,“电路”可以例如单独地或以任何组合地硬连线电路、可编程电路(如包括一个或更多个单独的指令处理核的计算机处理器)、状态机电路、和/或存储由可编程电路执行的指令的固件。例如,控制器104可包括耦接至非暂时性计算机可读存储器的硬件处理器,该非暂时性计算机可读存储器包含可由处理器执行以致使控制器执行如本文所述的激光系统100的各种功能(包含校准过程)的指令。例如,控制器110可包括定制、专有、已知和/或以后开发的统计分析代码(或指令集)、硬件和/或固件,这些统计分析代码(或指令集)、硬件和/或固件通常定义明确并且可操作以接收两组或更多组数据集,并且至少在一定程度上标识相关性水平,并且由此基于相关性水平将数据集彼此相关联。
图4示出了设置在仪器400中的准分子激光单元100的实施例。如前所述,系统100的一个或更多个部件可以被容纳在仪器400内。在本实施例中,激光源102(包括准分子激光器104和气体盒106)和激光管理系统108(包括控制器110)被容纳在壳体402内。壳体402具有轮404并且是便携式的。仪器400还包括推拉手柄405,推拉手柄405有助于辅助仪器400的便携性。仪器400还包括连接端口406,该连接端口406用于接收激光探针200的连接端以建立光纤芯202与激光源102之间的连接。仪器400还包括用于操作者的各种输入,诸如光纤探针帽保持器408、紧急停止按钮410和电源开关412。仪器400还包括脚踏板414,该脚踏板414从壳体402延伸并且可操作以提供对从准分子激光器104至探针200的光纤芯202的射击的递送的控制。仪器400还包括显示器416,该显示器416可以是交互式用户界面的形式。在一些示例中,交互式用户界面显示患者信息、机器设置和手术信息。如先前所描述的,操作者可以经由交互式用户界面手动地输入激光探针数据以由此向激光管理系统108和控制器110提供这样的数据。然而,在一些实施例中,可以经由系统100的相关联的读取器从探针200上的可读设备或标签自动读取数据。
图5示出了与准分子激光系统100一起使用的探针500的实施例。探针500是一次性使用的一次性单元。探针500通常包括光纤芯,光纤芯通过连接器502(细长线)耦接至激光源102,连接器502从探针500的本体延伸并且具有被配置为被容纳在仪器400的连接端口406内的连接组件504。探针500还包括递送尖端506,(来自光纤芯的)激光能量可以从该递送尖端506发射。探针500包括手持式本体508,该手持式本体508可以包括具有脊状物或凹陷512的手指抓握部510。手持式探针500的本体508可以是金属或塑料。
图6和图7分别示出了沿图5的线A-A和线B-B截取的探针500的截面图。如图所示,光纤芯518延伸穿过探针500并形成连接器502的一部分。保护套516围绕光纤芯518。在一些实例中,保护套516是保护塑料或橡胶套。光纤芯518还形成探针500的递送尖端506的一部分。金属护套520围绕光纤芯518和光纤520。在一些情况下,不锈钢护套520围绕并保护光纤芯518。
图8示出了附接至激光单元系统100的激光探针500的实施例。如先前所描述的,在将激光探针500附接到系统100(即,探针500的连接组件504与系统400的连接端口406之间的耦接)时,激光管理系统108(包括控制器110)在使用探针500之前执行校准过程。具体地,与探针500的特征(如光纤芯的直径)相关联的数据被提供给激光管理系统108。然后,通过控制器110分析该数据,并且基于该分析,确定从激光源输出的激光能量的最佳水平。图9示出了激光探针500与系统100之间的连接以及基于校准技术将经调节的激光能量输出水平递送至激光探针的放大图。从激光源输出的激光能量的最佳水平是基于激光探针数据(如光纤芯的具体尺寸)与校准数据的相关性。控制器110针对光纤芯的任何给定直径自动调节来自激光源的激光能量输出水平(即,增大或减小输出水平),以便将在目标区域上的激光辐射的发射维持在一致的波长处,尽管来自多个激光探针的光纤芯的直径存在变化。
因此,本发明的系统能够通过简单地调节激光源的输出来补偿跨多个激光探针的宽范围的变化,从而解决这种变化。进而,由于在制造过程中需要较小的精度,所以提高了光纤的制造公差,从而降低了总成本。此外,通过对激光输出的微调,激光辐射被维持在一致的波长处,从而确保目标区域按预期进行治疗并且维持患者安全性。
如本文的任何实施例中所使用的,术语“模块”可以指被配置为执行上述操作中的任何操作的软件、固件和/或电路。软件可以被实施为记录在非暂时性计算机可读存储介质上的软件包、代码、指令、指令集和/或数据。固件可以被实施为在存储器设备中被硬编码(例如,非易失性)的代码、指令或指令集和/或数据。如本文的任何实施例中所使用的,“电路”可以例如单独地或以任何组合地硬连线电路、可编程电路(如包括一个或更多个单独的指令处理核的计算机处理器)、状态机电路、和/或存储由可编程电路执行的指令的固件。模块可以共同地或单独地被实施为形成较大系统(例如,集成电路(IC)、片上系统(SoC)、台式计算机、膝上型计算机、平板计算机、服务器、智能电话等)的一部分的电路。
在本文描述的任何操作可以被实现在包括一个或更多个存储介质的系统中,该一个或更多个存储介质具有单独地或组合地存储在其上的指令,这些指令在由一个或更多个处理器执行时执行这些方法。这里,处理器可以包括例如服务器CPU、移动设备CPU和/或其他可编程电路。
此外,本文所描述的操作可以被分布在多个物理设备上,如在多于一个不同的物理位置处的处理结构。存储介质可以包括任何类型的有形介质,例如,任何类型的盘,包括硬盘、软盘、光盘、光盘只读存储器(CD-ROM)、可重写光盘(CD-RW)和磁光盘;半导体器件(如只读存储器(ROM))、随机存取存储器(RAM)(如动态和静态RAM)、可擦可编程只读存储器(EPROM)、电可擦可编程只读存储器(EEPROM)、闪存、固态盘(SSD)、磁卡或光卡;或适于存储电子指令的任何类型的介质。其他实施例可以被实现为由可编程控制设备执行的软件模块。存储介质可以是非易失性的。
如本文所描述的,可以使用硬件元件、软件元件、或其任何组合来实现各种实施例。硬件元件的示例可以包括处理器、微处理器、电路、电路元件(例如,晶体管、电阻器、电容器、电感器等)、集成电路、专用集成电路(ASIC)、可编程逻辑器件(PLD)、数字信号处理器(DSP)、现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)、逻辑门、寄存器、半导体器件、芯片、微芯片、芯片组等。
整个本说明书对“一个实施例”或“实施例”的引用意味着结合该实施例所描述的特定性质、结构或特征包括在至少一个实施例中。因此,在整个本说明书中的各个地方出现的短语“在一个实施例中”或“在实施例中”不一定都指相同的实施例。此外,在一个或更多个实施例中,特定性质、结构或特征可以以任何合适的方式组合。
术语“非暂时性”应被理解为仅将传播的暂时性信号本身从要求保护的范围中移除,并且不放弃对不仅传播暂时性信号本身的所有标准计算机可读介质的权利。换言之,术语“非暂时性计算机可读介质”和“非暂时性计算机可读存储介质”的含义应被解释为仅排除在Re Nuijten中发现的那些类型的暂时性计算机可读介质,以落在35U.S.C.§101中的可专利主题的范围之外。
本文已经采用的术语和表达被用作描述的术语而非限制的术语,并且在使用此类术语和表达时,不旨在排除所示出和所描述的特征(或其部分)的任何等效物,并且认识到的是,在权利要求书的范围内各种修改是可能的。因此,权利要求旨在覆盖所有这些等同物。
引用并入
对诸如专利、专利申请、专利公开、期刊、书籍、论文、web内容等其他文件的参考和引用已经在本公开中进行。出于所有目的,所有这些文件特此通过引用整体并入本文。
等同物
除了本文示出和描述的那些之外,从本文件的全部内容(包括对本文引用的科学和专利文献的参考),本发明的各种修改和其许多另外的实施例将对本领域技术人员变得显而易见。本文的主题包含重要的信息、示例和指导,它们可以适于在本发明的各个实施例及其等同物中实践本发明。
Claims (13)
1. 一种用于执行眼内手术以治疗眼睛病症的系统,所述系统包括:
准分子激光源,所述准分子激光源用于生成激光能量,所述激光能量将被提供至多个一次性使用的准分子激光探针中的一个,每次一个一次性使用的准分子激光探针耦接至所述准分子激光源;以及
激光管理系统,所述激光管理系统包括硬件处理器,所述硬件处理器耦接至非暂时性计算机可读存储器,所述非暂时性计算机可读存储器包含可由所述处理器执行以致使所述激光管理系统执行以下操作的指令:
在将多个准分子激光探针中的一个单独的准分子激光探针连接到激光源的每个实例中,自动接收并分析来自所述多个准分子激光探针中的一个给定准分子激光探针的数据,所述给定准分子激光探针耦接至所述准分子激光源,所述数据指示至少一个给定准分子激光探针的光纤芯的直径;以及
基于所述光纤芯的直径,自动微调并调节从所述准分子激光源输出至所述准分子激光探针的激光能量,使得从所述多个准分子激光探针中的任意一个输出的激光能量维持在一致的恒定水平。
2.根据权利要求1所述的系统,其中,所述分析包括将所述光纤芯数据与存储在数据库中的校准数据相关。
3.根据权利要求2所述的系统,其中,所述校准数据与从所述准分子激光源输出的激光能量相关联。
4.根据权利要求2所述的系统,其中,所述校准数据被存储在本地数据库中。
5.根据权利要求2所述的系统,其中,所述校准数据被存储在远程数据库中。
6.根据权利要求2所述的系统,其中,所述校准数据包括直径的范围和相应的激光能量输出水平的范围。
7.根据权利要求6所述的系统,其中,经调节的激光能量输出导致一致的恒定水平的激光能量传输至目标组织,用于治疗所述目标组织。
8.根据权利要求7所述的系统,其中,所述眼内手术是激光小梁切开术。
9.根据权利要求8所述的系统,其中,所述目标组织包括小梁网和Schlemm氏管中的至少一个。
10. 根据权利要求9所述的系统,其中,传输至所述目标组织的所述激光能量的水平具有约308 nm的波长。
11.根据权利要求2所述的系统,其中,所述校准数据包括多组值,其中,每组值均包括来自所述准分子激光源的激光能量输出水平以及用于接收所述激光能量输出水平的激光探针的光纤芯的对应直径。
12.根据权利要求11所述的系统,其中,基于所述光纤芯的直径确定所述激光能量输出水平,并且对于所述多组值中的每组,从所述激光探针发射的激光辐射的波长值是相同的。
13. 根据权利要求12所述的系统,其中,所述激光能量输出水平的波长值约为308 nm。
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US11865045B2 (en) | 2024-01-09 |
JP7408684B2 (ja) | 2024-01-05 |
US11529260B2 (en) | 2022-12-20 |
AU2020257290B2 (en) | 2021-12-23 |
EP3955871A1 (en) | 2022-02-23 |
US20240164944A1 (en) | 2024-05-23 |
WO2020215067A1 (en) | 2020-10-22 |
EP3955871A4 (en) | 2023-01-04 |
US20220031513A1 (en) | 2022-02-03 |
AU2020257290A1 (en) | 2021-11-11 |
JP2023145491A (ja) | 2023-10-11 |
CA3137145A1 (en) | 2020-10-22 |
EP3955871B1 (en) | 2024-04-03 |
CA3137145C (en) | 2022-04-19 |
US20200330279A1 (en) | 2020-10-22 |
JP2022522056A (ja) | 2022-04-13 |
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