CN114214059B - 氟离子荧光探针及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及复合材料领域,公开了一种氟离子固态荧光探针及其制备方法和应用,该氟离子固态荧光探针以氨丙基改性的凹土为基底材料,表面负载经亲水改性的苝酰亚胺类衍生物,缩写为PAL‑PBS‑OH。本发明利用氨基改性的凹土为基质,通过氨基与一端酸化的苝酐反应,然后进一步利用未酸化的酸酐官能团接枝亲水乙醇胺,负载制备氟离子响应的固体荧光探针。利用氟离子高效催化水解连接苝酰亚胺基团与凹土基质的Si‑O‑Si键特性,从而使得苝酰亚胺荧光基团团聚,导致其荧光猝灭。该荧光探针能够在20min内实现对氟离子的快速响应,证实了其灵敏度高、选择性好、稳定性好,能够快速高效地实现对水中氟离子的定量检测。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及复合材料领域,特别涉及一种氟离子固态荧光探针及其制备方法和应用。
背景技术
氟是人体所必需的微量元素,适量的氟化物摄入可以预防龋齿,治疗骨质疏松症。但是过量的氟化物摄入会导致氟斑牙、氟骨症、尿石症以及癌症等疾病。因此,氟离子的分析检测对生活,生产以及各种科技活动都有着重要的意义。
目前,氟离子分析检测方法主要包括离子色谱法、氟离子选择电极法、氟试剂比色法和氟离子荧光探针法等。与其它氟离子分析检测方法相比,氟离子荧光探针法具有灵敏度高、检测限低、选择性好,而且还可以通过多功能生物成像,检测生物体内以及细胞内的氟离子。近年来该方法被研究者广泛关注。
氟离子荧光探针主要有氢键型和路易斯酸受体型。氢键型荧光探针由于氟离子与水分子也能形成氢键,而且容易受到醋酸根和磷酸氢根的干扰,限制了其在水溶液中的应用。路易斯酸型探针对氟离子具有高选择性,其中大部分都具有较好的生物相容性,可应用于生物成像,而被广泛研究。基于硅氧键(Si-O)断裂的路易斯酸型氟离子荧光探针技术可以在含水介质中有效运行,突破水体系中F-检测的难题。Bai等人合成了基于多面体倍半硅氧烷(POSS)杂化的苝衍生物探针,在NaF水溶液中可以检测10μM的氟离子浓度,具有很高的灵敏度和离子(Cl-、Br-、I-、NO3 -、AcO-、ClO4 -等)抗干扰能力。但是,该探针所利用的多面体倍半硅氧烷(POSS)合成困难,而且成本高昂,严重限制了其产业化应用。
申请号 为201610631702.9、名称为一种凹土基复合荧光材料及其制备方法和应用的发明专利中,提供了一种凹土基复合荧光材料,以氨基改性的凹土为基底材料,表面负载苝酰亚胺类有机荧光染料,其结构如下:
凹土通过氨丙基化合物与苝酰亚胺类有机荧光染料进行反应,得到凹土基复合荧光材料。该凹土基复合荧光材料可用于装配固态荧光检测器来快速检测有机污染物,检测原理为:甲醇、DMF这两种极性溶剂与AT-PBS-C12的凹土亲水端发生解离作用,导致空间位阻增大,改善了苝官能团的自聚作用,使荧光淬灭现象减弱,从而使AT-PBS-C12膜片的荧光性能增强;而甲苯对苝基团发生了溶剂化效应,甲苯的苯环嵌入到AT-PBS-C12的结构中,使空间位阻增大,从而使其荧光强度增强。
但是上述专利合成的AT-PBS-C12疏水性强,首先在水相中不能很好的分散,导致其只能检测有机污染物;其次,其未考虑苝基团与凹土之间连接的Si-O-Si数量,过多的连接键将降低氟离子的响应速率及灵敏度;最后其应用需要制备成薄膜使用,导致成本过高,严重限制了其应用领域。
发明内容
发明目的:针对现有技术中存在的问题,本发明提供一种氟离子固态荧光探针及其制备方法和应用,通过在苝酐两端反应接枝亲水的凹土和乙醇胺,使得PAL-PBS-OH粉体可以很好的分散悬浮在氟离子水溶液中,有效克服了传统氟离子荧光探针在水相中有效分散的难题。
技术方案:本发明提供了一种氟离子固态荧光检测器,其特征在于,以氨丙基改性的凹土为基底材料,表面负载经亲水改性的苝酰亚胺类衍生物,缩写为PAL-PBS-OH,其结构如下:
其中,X=CH3或OH。
本发明还提供了一种氟离子固态荧光探针的制备方法,包含如下步骤:步骤一,将凹土置于烧杯中,加入异丙醇,搅拌均匀后加入氨丙基硅烷,搅拌均匀得悬浮液,将所述悬浮液于90~100℃条件下恒温回流10~14h,冷却离心,异丙醇和丙酮分别清洗后,在55~65℃条件下真空干燥4~8h,所得产物记为PAL-NH2;步骤二,将苝-3,4,9,10-四羧酸二酐与KOH溶液混合均匀后加热至85℃~95℃反应0.5~1.5h,3h内缓慢滴加H3PO4溶液,然后经冷却、离心、水洗后,加入异丙醇搅拌均匀,得溶液A,接着将步骤一所得PAL-NH2分散于溶液A中,搅拌反应8~12h后,离心水洗至无色,得到产物PAL-PBS;步骤三,将步骤二制得的PAL-PBS与乙醇胺化合物分散于乙醇中,在氮气保护下回流反应6~10h,反应结束后,冷却、离心、乙醇洗涤后,干燥得到产物PAL-PBS-OH。
优选地,在所述步骤一中,凹土与氨丙基硅烷的质量比为10:2-4。
优选地,在所述步骤二中,苝-3,4,9,10-四羧酸二酐、KOH、H3PO4的摩尔比为:1:2-4.86:2-4。
优选地,KOH溶液的摩尔浓度为0.9mol/L,H3PO4溶液的质量分数为10wt%。
优选地,在所述步骤二中,PAL-PBS与乙醇胺化合物的质量比为10:3-5。
优选地,所述氨丙基硅烷为以下任意一种:3-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷、3-氨丙基三甲氧基硅烷、3-氨丙基三氯硅烷、3-氨丙基甲基二乙氧基硅烷、3-氨丙基甲基二甲氧基硅烷、3-氨丙基二甲基乙氧基硅烷、3-氨丙基二甲基甲氧基硅烷。
本发明还提供了一种所述的氟离子固态荧光检测器在水中氟离子的快速检测中的应用。
本发明还提供了一种所述的制备方法制备的氟离子固态荧光检测器在水中氟离子的快速检测中的应用。
有益效果:1.本发明设计合成的PAL-PBS-OH氟离子荧光探针,通过在苝酐两端反应接枝亲水的凹土和乙醇胺,使得PAL-PBS-OH粉体可以很好的分散悬浮在氟离子水溶液中,有效克服了传统氟离子荧光探针在水相中有效分散的难题。
2. 本发明的PAL-PBS-OH氟离子荧光探针,有效的利用了纤维棒状凹土的空间位阻效应,通过氟离子高效催化水解连接苝酰亚胺基团与凹土基质的Si-O-Si键特性,当连接凹土和苝酰亚胺基团的Si-O键催化水解断裂后,苝酰亚胺基团由于失去了凹土的空间位阻作用,而分子间苝基团间的π-π作用和其OH官能团之间的氢键作用,使得苝酰亚胺基团发生团聚而导致发生荧光猝灭效应,其猝灭强度与氟离子浓度在一定范围内存在线性响应关系。结合凹土原料易得、价格便宜。
3.利用氨基改性的凹土(PAL)为基质,通过氨基与一端酸化的苝酐反应,然后进一步利用未酸化的酸酐官能团接枝亲水乙醇胺,负载制备氟离子响应的固体荧光检测器。利用氟离子高效催化水解连接苝酰亚胺基团与凹土基质的Si-O-Si键特性,从而使得苝酰亚胺荧光基团团聚,导致其荧光猝灭。该氟离子荧光检测器能够在20min内实现对氟离子的快速响应,证实了其灵敏度高、选择性好、稳定性好,能够快速高效地实现对水中氟离子的定量检测。
4. 与背景技术中提到的专利技术相比,本申请首先通过乙醇胺改性,让制备的PAL-PBS-OH具有很好的亲水性,能够有效分散悬浮与水相中;其次,本申请根据氟离子催化断裂Si-O-Si键的原理,通过氨基硅烷的结构和用量的设计调变,有效控制苝活性基团与凹土之间的Si-O-Si数量,有效提升荧光探针PAL-PBS-OH对氟离子的响应灵敏度;最后,利用低浓度纤维凹土在水中具有很好的悬浮性能特性,设计了直接使用合成的PAL-PBS-OH亲水凹土,分散于氟离子水溶液中,进行检测的方法,该法具有方便实用、使用成本低等优点。
5. 本申请中PAL-PBS-OH的合成操作简单,危险性小,使得本发明具有很高的工业应用性,可适用于企业大规模生产。
附图说明
图1为实施方式1中制备得到的氟离子固态荧光探针PAL-PBS-OH的荧光猝灭效率与氟离子浓度的关系。
图2为实施方式1中制备得到的氟离子固态荧光探针PAL-PBS-OH在具有不同干扰离子(2000μmol/L)的1500μmol/L的氟离子水溶液中的荧光猝灭效率与干扰离子种类的情况。
图3为实施方式1、2和3分别制备得到的氟离子固态荧光探针PAL-PBS-OH的荧光猝灭效率的性能对比。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图对本发明进行详细的介绍。
实施方式1:
(1) 称取5g的凹土置于1000mL烧杯中,加入异丙醇300mL,搅拌1h后加入2g的3-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷,继续搅拌30min,然后将悬浮液移至1000 mL的三口烧瓶中,在95℃条件下油浴锅恒温回流12h后,冷却离心,异丙醇和丙酮分别清洗后,在60℃条件下真空干燥6h,所得产物记为PAL-NH2;
(2) 将苝-3,4,9,10-四羧酸二酐0.785g和0.9mol/L 的KOH溶液5.4mL加到100mL的烧瓶中,搅拌均匀后加热至85℃~95℃反应0.5~1.5h,3h内缓慢滴加10wt%的H3PO4溶液3.6mL,冷却,离心水洗后,加入100mL异丙醇搅拌, 再将步骤一制得的PAL-NH2分散于溶液中,搅拌反应10h后,离心水洗至无色,得到产物PAL-PBS;
(3) 将步骤二制得的PAL-PBS和2.3g乙醇胺化合物分散于乙醇中,在氮气保护下回流反应6~10h,反应结束后,冷却、离心、乙醇洗涤后,干燥得到产物PAL-PBS-OH。
如图1所示为本实施方式制备得到的PAL-PBS-OH的荧光猝灭效率与氟离子浓度的关系,可见,本氟离子固态荧光探针在氟离子浓度低于1800μmol/L的氟离子水溶液具有很好的线形响应能力,检测限低(本发明应用于200μmol/L,具有很好的荧光响应)。
如图2所示为本实施方式制备得到的PAL-PBS-OH的荧光猝灭效率与干扰离子种类的关系情况,可见,本氟离子固态荧光探针在氟离子浓度为1500μmol/L的氟离子水溶液中具有很好的抗离子干扰能力,即使在水溶液中存在大量的其它阴离子,其荧光猝灭效率基本保持不变。
实施方式2:
(1) 称取5g的凹土置于1000mL烧杯中,加入异丙醇300mL,搅拌1h后加入1.5g的3-氨丙基甲基二乙氧基硅烷,继续搅拌30min,然后将悬浮液移至1000 mL的三口烧瓶中,在95℃条件下油浴锅恒温回流12h后,冷却离心,异丙醇和丙酮分别清洗后,在60℃条件下真空干燥6h,所得产物记为PAL-NH2;
(2) 将苝-3,4,9,10-四羧酸二酐0.785g和0.9mol/L 的KOH溶液8.1mL加到100mL的烧瓶中,搅拌均匀后加热至85℃~95℃反应0.5~1.5h,3h内缓慢滴加10wt%的H3PO4溶液5.4mL,冷却,离心水洗后,加入100mL异丙醇搅拌, 再将步骤一制得的PAL-NH2分散于溶液中,搅拌反应10h后,离心水洗至无色,得到产物PAL-PBS;
(3) 将步骤二制得的PAL-PBS和1.5g乙醇胺化合物分散于乙醇中,在氮气保护下回流反应6~10h,反应结束后,冷却、离心、乙醇洗涤后,干燥得到产物PAL-PBS-OH。
实施方式3:
(1) 称取5g的凹土置于1000mL烧杯中,加入异丙醇300mL,搅拌1h后加入1g的3-氨丙基二甲基乙氧基硅烷,继续搅拌30min,然后将悬浮液移至1000 mL的三口烧瓶中,在95℃条件下油浴锅恒温回流12h后,冷却离心,异丙醇和丙酮分别清洗后,在60℃条件下真空干燥6h,所得产物记为PAL-NH2;
(2) 将苝-3,4,9,10-四羧酸二酐0.785g和0.9mol/L 的KOH溶液10.8mL加到100mL的烧瓶中,搅拌均匀后加热至85℃~95℃反应0.5~1.5h,3h内缓慢滴加10wt%的H3PO4溶液7.2mL,冷却,离心水洗后,加入100mL异丙醇搅拌, 再将步骤一制得的PAL-NH2分散于溶液中,搅拌反应10h后,离心水洗至无色,得到产物PAL-PBS;
(3) 将步骤二制得的PAL-PBS和2.5g乙醇胺化合物分散于乙醇中,在氮气保护下回流反应6~10h,反应结束后,冷却、离心、乙醇洗涤后,干燥得到产物PAL-PBS-OH。
图3为实施方式1、2和3分别制备得到的氟离子固态荧光探针PAL-PBS-OH的荧光猝灭效率对比关系图,从图中可以看出,在1500μmol/L的氟离子水溶液中,实施例3所制备的荧光探针,对氟离子的响应更为高效。
上述实施方式只为说明本发明的技术构思及特点,其目的在于让熟悉此项技术的人能够了解本发明的内容并据以实施,并不能以此限制本发明的保护范围。凡根据本发明精神实质所做的等效变换或修饰,都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (8)
1.一种氟离子固态荧光探针,其特征在于,以氨丙基改性的凹土PAL为基底材料,表面负载经亲水改性的苝酰亚胺类衍生物,缩写为PAL-PBS-OH,其结构如下:
,其中,X=CH3或OH。
2.一种如权利要求1所述的氟离子固态荧光探针的制备方法,其特征在于,包含如下步骤:
步骤一,将凹土置于烧杯中,加入异丙醇,搅拌均匀后加入3-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷、3-氨丙基三甲氧基硅烷、3-氨丙基三氯硅烷、3-氨丙基甲基二乙氧基硅烷、3-氨丙基甲基二甲氧基硅烷、3-氨丙基二甲基乙氧基硅烷或3-氨丙基二甲基甲氧基硅烷,搅拌均匀得悬浮液,将所述悬浮液于90~100℃条件下恒温回流10~14h,冷却离心,异丙醇和丙酮分别清洗后,在55~65℃条件下真空干燥4~8h,所得产物记为PAL-NH2;
步骤二,将苝-3,4,9,10-四羧酸二酐与KOH溶液混合均匀后加热至85℃~95℃反应0.5~1.5h,3h内缓慢滴加H3PO4溶液,然后经冷却、离心、水洗后,加入异丙醇搅拌均匀,得溶液A,接着将步骤一所得PAL-NH2分散于溶液A中,搅拌反应8~12h后,离心水洗至无色,得到产物PAL-PBS;
步骤三,将步骤二制得的PAL-PBS与乙醇胺化合物分散于乙醇中,在氮气保护下回流反应6~10h,反应结束后,冷却、离心、乙醇洗涤后,干燥得到产物PAL-PBS-OH。
3.权利要求2所述的氟离子固态荧光探针的制备方法,其特征在于:在所述步骤一中,凹土与氨丙基硅烷的质量比为10:2-4。
4.权利要求2所述的氟离子固态荧光探针的制备方法,其特征在于:在所述步骤二中,苝-3,4,9,10-四羧酸二酐、KOH、H3PO4的摩尔比为:1:2-4.86:2-4。
5. 权利要求4所述的氟离子固态荧光探针的制备方法,其特征在于: KOH溶液的摩尔浓度为0.9mol/L,H3PO4溶液的质量分数为10wt%。
6.权利要求2所述氟离子固态荧光探针的制备方法,其特征在于:在所述步骤三中,PAL-PBS与乙醇胺化合物的质量比为10:3-5。
7.一种权利要求1所述的氟离子固态荧光探针在水中氟离子检测中的应用。
8.一种权利要求2至6中任一项所述的制备方法制备的氟离子固态荧光探针在水中氟离子检测中的应用。
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