CN114213018B - 一种陶瓷玻璃粉及含有该玻璃粉的太阳能电池金属化浆料 - Google Patents
一种陶瓷玻璃粉及含有该玻璃粉的太阳能电池金属化浆料 Download PDFInfo
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- CN114213018B CN114213018B CN202111633064.1A CN202111633064A CN114213018B CN 114213018 B CN114213018 B CN 114213018B CN 202111633064 A CN202111633064 A CN 202111633064A CN 114213018 B CN114213018 B CN 114213018B
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Images
Classifications
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- C03C8/02—Frit compositions, i.e. in a powdered or comminuted form
- C03C8/10—Frit compositions, i.e. in a powdered or comminuted form containing lead
- C03C8/12—Frit compositions, i.e. in a powdered or comminuted form containing lead containing titanium or zirconium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C8/00—Enamels; Glazes; Fusion seal compositions being frit compositions having non-frit additions
- C03C8/24—Fusion seal compositions being frit compositions having non-frit additions, i.e. for use as seals between dissimilar materials, e.g. glass and metal; Glass solders
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- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C3/00—Glass compositions
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- C03C3/062—Glass compositions containing silica with less than 40% silica by weight
- C03C3/07—Glass compositions containing silica with less than 40% silica by weight containing lead
- C03C3/072—Glass compositions containing silica with less than 40% silica by weight containing lead containing boron
- C03C3/074—Glass compositions containing silica with less than 40% silica by weight containing lead containing boron containing zinc
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C4/00—Compositions for glass with special properties
- C03C4/14—Compositions for glass with special properties for electro-conductive glass
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C8/00—Enamels; Glazes; Fusion seal compositions being frit compositions having non-frit additions
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C8/00—Enamels; Glazes; Fusion seal compositions being frit compositions having non-frit additions
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C8/00—Enamels; Glazes; Fusion seal compositions being frit compositions having non-frit additions
- C03C8/14—Glass frit mixtures having non-frit additions, e.g. opacifiers, colorants, mill-additions
- C03C8/18—Glass frit mixtures having non-frit additions, e.g. opacifiers, colorants, mill-additions containing free metals
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- H01B1/00—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors
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- H01B1/16—Conductive material dispersed in non-conductive inorganic material the conductive material comprising metals or alloys
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B1/00—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种陶瓷玻璃粉及含有该玻璃粉的太阳能电池金属化浆料,属于太阳能电池技术领域。本发明提供新型的玻璃粉配方模式,即晶核组分+玻璃网络组分,能够制成具有特殊结晶行为的陶瓷玻璃粉配方,即烧结前低结晶度,烧结后高结晶度,并进而获得一种含有该陶瓷玻璃粉的金属化导电浆料。本发明解决了现有技术中所存在的难以平衡金属化浆料对硅片腐蚀和欧姆接触的技术问题,提升了太阳能电池的效率。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于太阳能电池技术领域,具体涉及一种陶瓷玻璃粉及含有该玻璃粉的太阳能电池金属化浆料。
背景技术
太阳能电池是利用光电效应将光能转换为电能的装置。太阳能是备受关注的绿色能源,因为它可持续且仅产生无污染副产物。因此,现在大量工业界和学术界研究致力于开发具有增强效率的太阳能电池,并且不断降低材料和制造成本。当光射中太阳能电池时,部分入射光被表面反射,其余的光被透射到太阳能电池中。透射的光/光子被太阳能电池吸收,太阳能电池通常由半导体材料制成,例如硅。被吸收的光子能量从半导体材料的原子激发出电子,产生电子-空穴对。然后,这些电子-空穴对被P-n结分开,并由施加在太阳能电池表面上的金属化电极收集。典型的金属化浆料包含金属颗粒、玻璃粉和有机介质。在烧制时,组合物中的玻璃颗粒蚀刻穿过防反射涂层,有助于形成金属和n+型硅之间的接触。另一方面,玻璃一定不能太活跃而导致烧制之后P-n结受损。因此,浆料设计目标是减低接触电阻(低Rhoc),同时保持p-n结完整(低Jmet,高Voc),从而提高电池转化效率。
在正面金属化电极烧结完成的微观结构是一种银-界面玻璃层-硅的夹心结构,从而形成金属化接触。目前报道了金属化接触机理是两种机制的组合,一种是银-硅的直接接触,一种是银-硅之间通过界面玻璃层的隧穿接触。从控制硅片腐蚀和欧姆接触的平衡的角度看,隧穿接触可以提升电池效率。
在太阳能电池金属化浆料烧结过程中,分为三个温度区间(图1所示):第一:低温烧结区,有机部分挥发或灰化;第二:高温升温区:玻璃粉快速融化流淌至银-硅界面,银粉开始烧结,银金属和离子溶解到玻璃液中,直至峰值温度;第三:急速降温区:玻璃液急速降温凝固,银粉完全烧结成致密结构,玻璃保留在银-硅界面。因此,如何精确的控制在第二第三温区玻璃粉的状态,完成预期的物理化学反应,形成良好的银-硅界面接触层,实现硅片腐蚀和欧姆接触的平衡,是提高电池光电转换效率的关键。
发明内容
为了解决上述问题,本发明设计了一种功能化的思路,创新性地发明了一种新型的玻璃粉配方模式,也就是晶核组分+玻璃网络组分,从而制成了一种烧结前低结晶度,烧结后高结晶度的玻璃粉。本发明中的玻璃粉,在急速降温过程中,在界面玻璃层快速的形成大量纳米晶体,从而成为了银粒子的结晶中心,在界面玻璃层中固化大量的胶体银粒子,从而通过隧道效应,极大提升玻璃层的导电性。因此达到了可控的理想的硅片腐蚀和欧姆接触的平衡,也就是电池参数中Voc和Rs的平衡,从而提升了电池的效率。
本发明的目的在于提供一种陶瓷玻璃粉,该陶瓷玻璃粉的结晶度低于5%(m/m),由晶核形成组分和玻璃网络组分组成;
晶核形成组分由如下任意多种组分组成:氧化锌ZnO、氧化镁MgO、氧化钠Na2O、氧化锆ZrO2、氧化铜CuO;且氧化锌ZnO、氧化镁MgO是必要组成;
玻璃网络组分由如下任意多种组成:碱金属氧化物、氧化铝Al2O3、氧化碲TeO2、氧化铅PbO、氧化硅SiO2、氧化硼B2O3、氧化铋Bi2O3、氧化钛TiO2;且除氧化钛TiO2外均为必要组成。
在本发明的一种实施方式中,以相对玻璃网络组分的重量分数计,
晶核形成组分由如下一种或者多种氧化物成分组成:
氧化锌ZnO:0.1~10%,
氧化镁MgO:0.1~8%,
氧化钠Na2O:0~5%,
氧化锆ZrO2:0~8%,
氧化铜CuO:0~5%;
玻璃网络组分由如下一种或者多种氧化物成分组成:
碱金属氧化物:0.1~10%,
氧化铝Al2O3:0.1~5%,
氧化碲TeO2:10~80%,
氧化铅PbO:10~80%,;
氧化硅SiO2:10~20%,
氧化硼B2O3:1~20%,
氧化铋Bi2O3:1~30%,
氧化钛TiO2:0~5%;
其中,碱金属氧化物选自Li2O,K2O中任意一种或多种。
在本发明的一种实施方式中,陶瓷玻璃粉的配中还含有如下金属氧化物中的一种或若干种:W,V,Cr,Mn,Co,Ni,Nb,Ta,Th,Ge,Mo,La,Sb,or Ce。
在本发明的一种实施方式中,以相对玻璃网络组分的重量分数计,晶核形成组分优选为:
氧化锌ZnO:4%~5%,
氧化镁MgO:2%~3%,
氧化钠Na2O:0~2%,
氧化锆ZrO2:0~1%,
氧化铜CuO:0~1%;
在本发明的一种实施方式中,晶核形成组分相对玻璃网络组分的质量分数为8%。
在本发明的一种实施方式中,以相对玻璃网络组分的重量分数计,陶瓷玻璃粉的配方中晶核形成组分的成分进一步优选为:
氧化锌ZnO:4%,
氧化镁MgO:3%,
氧化钠Na2O:1%;
或者,
氧化锌ZnO:4%,
氧化镁MgO:3%,
氧化铜CuO:1%。
在本发明的一种实施方式中,陶瓷玻璃粉的配方中玻璃网络组分由优选如下氧化物成分组成:
氧化铝Al2O3:1%,
氧化铅PbO:30%,
氧化铋Bi2O3:5%,
氧化硼B2O3:1%,
氧化硅SiO2:10%,
氧化碲TeO2:45%,
碱金属氧化物Li2O:10%;
或者,
氧化铝Al2O3:1%,
氧化铅PbO:29%,
氧化铋Bi2O3:5%,
氧化硼B2O3:1%,
氧化硅SiO2:10%,
氧化碲TeO2:45%,
碱金属氧化物Li2O:10%,
氧化钛TiO2:1%。
在本发明的一种实施方式中,陶瓷玻璃粉的制作方法包括如下过程:
(1)将晶核形成组分中的氧化物组分混匀、熔融,得到玻璃熔快;
(2)然后将玻璃网络组分加入到所得玻璃熔块中,二次熔融,获得熔块,淬冷处理,得到玻璃渣;研磨,过筛,即得陶瓷玻璃粉。
在本发明的一种实施方式中,步骤(1)中所述熔融的温度为500~1300℃;时间为30分钟。
在本发明的一种实施方式中,步骤(2)中二次熔融的温度为1000℃;时间为60分钟。
在本发明的一种实施方式中,步骤(2)中使用水或者对辊冷却机进行淬冷处理。
在本发明的一种实施方式中,步骤(2)中使用球磨或者气流磨进行研磨。
在本发明的一种实施方式中,步骤(2)中研磨至约0.01–10μm,优选约0.1-5μm的平均粒度(d50)。
在本发明的一种实施方式中,步骤(2)中过筛的目数为325目。
在本发明的一种实施方式中,陶瓷玻璃粉的制作包括熔融和骤冷、或其它非高温湿法化学方法制备。
在本发明的一种实施方式中,在典型的熔融和骤冷方法中,第一步骤是将适量的原料(通常为粉末形式)混合,然后将混合物在500~1300C温度下融化成玻璃液,并使得该玻璃液形成均匀的熔体;将该熔体骤冷(在水中或者通过冷却辊),然后通过球磨或者气流磨磨碎并筛分,将该粗粉末例如在球磨机或气流磨中进行二次研磨,直至产生细粉;
玻璃粉的湿法化学法制备,包括但不限于溶胶-凝胶方法、沉淀、水热/溶剂热方法和热解方法制得陶瓷玻璃粉体。玻璃熔体的骤冷是保证本发明中陶瓷玻璃的低结晶度的重要步骤。
本发明还提供了一种太阳能电池金属化浆料,其包含:(a)导电金属组分;(b)上述的陶瓷玻璃粉;以及(C)有机载体。
在本发明的一种实施方式中,导电金属组分包括银、金、铂,钯,铜、镍及其组合。
在本发明的一种实施方式中,陶瓷玻璃粉占浆料重量百分比的1%-10%。
在本发明的一种实施方式中,有机载体包含有机溶剂以及包含粘合剂、表面活性剂和触变剂中的一种或其任意组合。
在本发明的一种实施方式中,所述有机溶剂选自卡必醇、萜品醇、己基卡必醇、2,2,4-三甲基-1,3-戊二醇单异丁酸酯、丁基卡必醇、丁基卡必醇乙酸酯、己二酸二甲酯二醇醚、及其任意组合。
在本发明的一种实施方式中,所述粘合剂选自乙基纤维素、酚醛树脂、聚丙烯酸、聚乙烯醇缩丁醛、聚酯树脂、聚碳酸酯、聚乙烯树脂、聚氨酯树脂、松香衍生物、及其任意组合。
在本发明的一种实施方式中,所述表面活性剂选自聚氧化乙烯、聚乙二醇、苯并三唑、聚(乙二醇)乙酸、月桂酸、油酸、癸酸、肉豆蔻酸、亚油酸、硬脂酸、棕榈酸、硬脂酸盐、棕榈酸盐、及其任意组合。
在本发明的一种实施方式中,金属化银浆制备步骤包括:
步骤1:配制有机载体;
步骤2:陶瓷玻璃粉及导电银粉的选用;
步骤3:将原料按照上述比例使用搅拌器和三滚研磨机碾磨成外观细腻,形成均匀无颗粒的太阳能电池背面电极用无铅环保银浆料。
本发明还提供了一种表面含有上述太阳能电池金属化浆料的太阳能电池。
在本发明的一种实施方式中,将上述太阳能电池金属化银浆、铝浆分别通过丝网印刷而以预定图形印刷于硅片正面和背面,干燥;然后将该印刷后的硅片置于400~900℃环境下进行烧结;烧结结束后冷却至室温,制备得到太阳能电池。
在本发明的一种实施方式中,烧结的时间为30~50s。
有益效果:
本发明提供了一种具有特殊结晶行为的陶瓷玻璃粉配方,即烧结前低结晶度,烧结后高结晶度,也设计一种含有该陶瓷玻璃粉的金属化导电浆料。本发明解决了现有技术中所存在的难以平衡金属化浆料对硅片腐蚀和欧姆接触的技术问题,其优点为:在电池片急速降温过程中,在界面玻璃层快速的形成大量纳米晶体,从而成为了银粒子的结晶中心,在界面玻璃层中固化大量的胶体银粒子,从而通过隧道效应,极大提升玻璃层的导电性。因此达到了可控的理想的硅片腐蚀和欧姆接触的平衡,也就是电池参数中Voc和Rs的平衡,从而提升了电池的效率。
附图说明
图1为太阳能电池片快速烧结温蒂曲线示意图。
图2为太阳能电池的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
本发明涉及的玻璃粉结晶度的测量:
在本发明中,玻璃结晶度的测量参考了两种可靠的测量方式(可参考文献:Determination of crystallinity in crystallized glasses by X-raydiffraction.Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids.1976,Volume 21,Issue 1,Pages125-136;以及A method to quantify crystallinity in amorphous metal alloys:Adifferential scanning calorimetry study.PLoS One.2020,22;15(6):一种是通过DSC(对玻璃粉烧结前后的测量,从而观测结晶度的变化;另一种,是通过粉末XRD添加结晶SiO2作为内标,确定具体结晶后,精确的测量玻璃粉烧结前后的结晶度;两种测量方法得到的结晶度高度一致,因此我们在下面的实例中,主要是使用了较为简便易行的DSC结晶度测量方式。
实施例1陶瓷玻璃粉制备
在下表1所述组分制备陶瓷玻璃(CG1-CG5)。还制备了不包含晶核形成成分的G0作为对照。试样通过将各个氧化物组分以表1中指定的重量百分数混合(以玻璃网络组分200g批料制备)。
第一步,将晶核形成组分氧化物混合物装入0.5L容积的铂金坩埚中;然后将坩埚放入1300℃的玻璃熔炉中30分钟得到玻璃熔快;
第二步,将玻璃网络组分加入第一步中玻璃熔块中,再次于1000℃,熔融60分钟后将熔块取出并倒入对辊冷却机淬冷(ST155玻璃对辊冷却粉碎机,常州弗雷德,操作条件:50rpm转速,冰水冷冷却),得到玻璃渣;将玻璃渣在1L行星式球磨机中研磨以后,将玻璃通过325目筛得到陶瓷玻璃粉。
表1不同配方的陶瓷玻璃粉在烧结前后的结晶度的结果对比
实施例2太阳能电池金属化浆料制备
以下实施例和对照实施例中所用的组分清单如下:
(1)导电性粉体:球形银粉(AG-4-8,DowaHighTechCo.,Ltd.),具有2μm的平均颗粒直径(D50);
(2)陶瓷玻璃粉:分别选择G0、CG1~CG5;
(3)有机载体:
(3a)粘合剂:乙基纤维素(DowChemicalCo.,Ltd.,STD4)
(3b)溶剂:松油醇(NipponTerpineCo.,Ltd.)
(3c)触变剂:DISPARLON 6500帝斯巴隆(KusumotoChemicals,Ltd.)
将1wt%乙基纤维素和1wt%触变剂在50℃下充分溶解于6wt%的松油醇中,并向其中加入90wt%的Ag粉末和2wt%的结晶的玻璃粉均匀混合溶液,接着经由三辊混合机混合和分散,分别获得太阳能电池金属化银浆P0-P5。
实施例3太阳能电池制备
将按照实施例2中所得的太阳能电池金属化银浆P0-P5分别和铝浆通过丝网印刷而以预定图形印刷于硅片正面和背面,并于红外干燥炉中干燥。印刷后的硅片在快速烧结炉炉中于400~900℃下快速烧结并30~50s并冷却至室温,由此制备成太阳能电池。
所得太阳能电池的结构如图2所示。金属化银浆烧结后为正面电极,铝浆烧结后形成背面局部接触;纯硅片的结构包括:正面SiNx-硅片-Al2O3-背面SiNx。
太阳能电池的串联电阻(Rs)、开压(Voc)、填充因子(FF)和转化效率(Eff.,%)采用太阳能电池IV测试仪器(HALM)进行测定。结果如表2和表3所示。可以看到使用陶瓷玻璃的金属化浆料可以明显提升转化效率。
表2不同玻璃粉所得太阳能电池的性能结果
表3不同玻璃粉所得太阳能电池相对对照的相对性能结果(以P0作为100%参照)
目前的晶硅太阳能电池PERC-SE的光电转化效率约为23%,这是经过十多年,每年0.1~0.2%的绝对效率提升达到的,因此来自于金属化浆料的绝对效率0.1%提升是一个巨大的进步。基于23%的转换效率,0.1%的绝对效率提升即为0.43%相对效率的提升。
在本发明的太阳能电池的测试过程中,我们针对电性能测试(串联电阻,开路电压,填充因子及效率)结果,进行了统计学中的置信度分析(p值分析),所得到的测试样品和参照样品的具有显著性差异(p<0.05),从而排除了测试误差带来的差异。
Claims (14)
1.一种陶瓷玻璃粉,其特征在于,以m/m计,该陶瓷玻璃粉的结晶度低于5%,由晶核形成组分和玻璃网络组分组成;
以相对玻璃网络组分的重量百分数计,
晶核形成组分由如下成分组成:
氧化锌ZnO:0.1 ~ 10%,
氧化镁MgO:0.1 ~8%,
氧化钠Na2O:0 ~ 5%,
氧化锆ZrO2:0 ~ 8%,
氧化铜CuO:0 ~ 5%;
玻璃网络组分由如下成分组成:
碱金属氧化物:0.1~10%,
氧化铝Al2O3:0.1 ~ 5%,
氧化碲TeO2:10 ~ 80%,
氧化铅PbO:10 ~ 80%,
氧化硅 SiO2:10 ~ 20%,
氧化硼B2O3:1 ~ 20%,
氧化铋Bi2O3:1 ~ 30%,
氧化钛TiO2:0 ~ 5%;
其中,碱金属氧化物选自Li2O,K2O中任意一种或多种;玻璃网络组分中各组分的重量百分数总和为100%。
2.根据权利要求1所述的陶瓷玻璃粉,其特征在于,以相对玻璃网络组分的重量百分数计,晶核形成组分为:4% ~ 5%氧化锌ZnO,2% ~3%氧化镁MgO,0 ~ 2%氧化钠 Na2O,0 ~ 1%氧化锆ZrO2,氧化铜CuO:0 ~ 1%。
3.根据权利要求1所述的陶瓷玻璃粉,其特征在于,晶核形成组分相对玻璃网络组分的质量百分数为8%。
4.根据权利要求1所述的陶瓷玻璃粉,其特征在于,以相对玻璃网络组分的重量百分数计,晶核形成组分的成分为:4%氧化锌ZnO,3%氧化镁MgO,1%氧化钠 Na2O;或者,4%氧化锌ZnO,3%氧化镁MgO,1%氧化铜CuO。
5.根据权利要求1所述的陶瓷玻璃粉,其特征在于,以重量百分数计,玻璃网络组分由如下氧化物成分组成:1%氧化铝Al2O3,30%氧化铅PbO,5%氧化铋Bi2O3,1%氧化硼B2O3,10%氧化硅 SiO2,43%氧化碲TeO2,10%碱金属氧化物Li2O;
或者,1%氧化铝Al2O3,29%氧化铅PbO,5%氧化铋Bi2O3,1%氧化硼B2O3,10%氧化硅 SiO2,43%氧化碲TeO2,10%碱金属氧化物Li2O,1%氧化钛TiO2。
6.一种权利要求1所述的陶瓷玻璃粉的制备方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
(1)按照晶核形成组分的组成取用各氧化物,将各氧化物组分混匀、熔融,得到玻璃熔块;
(2)然后按照玻璃网络组分的组成取用各氧化物,将玻璃网络组分中的各氧化物加入到步骤(1)所得的玻璃熔块中,二次熔融,获得熔块,淬冷处理,得到玻璃渣;研磨,过筛,即得陶瓷玻璃粉。
7.一种太阳能电池金属化浆料,其特征在于,其包含:(a)导电金属组分;(b)权利要求1-5中任一项所述的陶瓷玻璃粉;以及(C)有机载体。
8.根据权利要求7所述的太阳能电池金属化浆料,其特征在于,导电金属组分包括银、金、铂、钯、铜、镍及其组合。
9.根据权利要求7所述的太阳能电池金属化浆料,其特征在于,陶瓷玻璃粉占浆料重量百分比的1% – 10%。
10.根据权利要求7所述的太阳能电池金属化浆料,其特征在于,有机载体包含有机溶剂,以及还包含粘合剂、表面活性剂和触变剂中的一种或其任意组合。
11.根据权利要求10所述的太阳能电池金属化浆料,其特征在于,所述有机溶剂选自卡必醇、萜品醇、己基卡必醇、2,2,4-三甲基-1,3-戊二醇单异丁酸酯、丁基卡必醇、丁基卡必醇乙酸酯、及其任意组合。
12.根据权利要求10所述的太阳能电池金属化浆料,其特征在于,所述粘合剂选自乙基纤维素、酚醛树脂、聚丙烯酸、聚乙烯醇缩丁醛、聚酯树脂、聚碳酸酯、聚乙烯树脂、聚氨酯树脂、松香衍生物、及其任意组合。
13.根据权利要求10所述的太阳能电池金属化浆料,其特征在于,所述表面活性剂选自聚氧化乙烯、聚乙二醇、苯并三唑、月桂酸、油酸、癸酸、肉豆蔻酸、亚油酸、硬脂酸、棕榈酸、硬脂酸盐、棕榈酸盐、及其任意组合。
14.一种表面含有权利要求7-13任一项所述的太阳能电池金属化浆料的太阳能电池。
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