CN114206880A - 用于调节sting的苯并噻吩、噻吩并吡啶和噻吩并嘧啶衍生物 - Google Patents
用于调节sting的苯并噻吩、噻吩并吡啶和噻吩并嘧啶衍生物 Download PDFInfo
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- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
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Abstract
式I的化合物,其中,W是O或NH;A1是CRA或N;A2是CRB或N;A3是CRC或N;A4是CRD或N;其中A1、A2、A3、和A4中不超过两个可以是N;RA、RB、RC和RD中的一个或两个(如果存在的话)选自H、F、Cl、Br、Me、CF3、环丙基、氰基、OMe、OEt、CH2OH、CH2OMe和OH;其余的RA、RB、RC和RD(如果存在的话)是H;RN1是H或Me;RC2和RC3中的一个是C(=O)NH2;另一个选自H、Cl、F、Br、Me、OMe、OEt、氰基、CF3、CH2OH、CH2OMe、C2‑4烯基和C5杂环基;RC1和RC4独立地选自H、Cl、F、Br、Me、OMe、OEt、氰基、CF3、CH2OH、CH2OMe、C2‑4烯基和C5杂环基。
Description
本发明涉及取代的苯并噻吩、噻吩并吡啶和噻吩并嘧啶及其作为药物的用途,并且特别是在治疗通过调节STING而改善的疾病中的用途。
发明背景
脊椎动物不断受到微生物入侵的威胁,并且已经进化出免疫防御的机制以消除感染性病原体。在哺乳动物中,这种免疫系统包括两个分支:先天性免疫和适应性免疫。先天性免疫系统是由模式识别受体PRR)启动的第一道防线,该模式识别受体检测来自病原体的配体以及与分子模式相关的(Takeuchi 2010)。已经鉴定出越来越多的这些受体,包括Toll样受体(TLR)、C型凝集素受体、维甲酸诱导型基因I(RIG-I)样受体和NOD样受体(NLR)以及双链DNA传感器。PRR的激活导致参与炎症反应的基因上调,包括抑制病原体复制和促进适应性免疫的1型干扰素、促炎细胞因子和趋化因子。
衔接子蛋白STING(干扰素基因的刺激因子),也被称为TMEM 173、MPYS、MITA和ERIS,已经被鉴定为对胞质核酸的先天性免疫应答中的中心信号传导分子(Ishikawa2008;WO2013/166000)。STING的激活导致IRF3和NFKB途径的上调,从而诱导1型干扰素(包括干扰素-β)和其他细胞因子。STING对于对病原体或宿主来源的胞质DNA以及被称为环状二核苷酸(CDN)的异常核酸的应答至关重要。
CDN最初被鉴定为细菌次级信使,负责控制原核细胞中的许多反应。细菌CDN,诸如c-di-GMP,是由两个3',5'磷酸二酯键表征的对称分子。
细菌CDN对STING的直接激活最近已经通过X射线晶体学被证实(Burdette 2013)。因此,细菌CDN及其类似物作为潜在的疫苗佐剂已经引起了注意(Libanova 2012;WO2007/054279;WO2005/087238)。
最近,对胞质DNA的应答已经被阐明,并且表明涉及由被称为环状GMP-AMP合酶(cGAS,以前被称为C6orfl50或MB21D1)的酶产生被鉴定为cGAMP的新型的哺乳动物CDN信号传导分子,cGAMP然后激活STING。与细菌CDN不同,cGAMP是一种不对称分子,其特征在于其混合的2',5'和3',5'磷酸二酯键(Gao 2013A)。cGAMP(II)与STING的相互作用也已经由X射线晶体学证明(Cai 2014)。
干扰素最初被描述为一种可以保护细胞免受病毒感染的物质(Isaacs1957)。在人类中,I型干扰素是由9号染色体上的基因编码的相关蛋白质家族,并且编码干扰素α(IFNα)的至少13种亚型和干扰素β(IFNβ)的一种亚型。重组IFNα是第一种被批准的生物治疗药物,并且已成为病毒感染和癌症中的重要疗法。除了对细胞的直接抗病毒活性外,已知干扰素是免疫应答的有效调节剂,作用于免疫系统的细胞。
施用可以调节先天性免疫应答的小分子化合物,包括激活或抑制I型干扰素的产生和其他细胞因子,可以成为治疗或预防包括病毒感染和自身免疫性疾病在内的人类疾病的重要策略。这种类型的免疫调节策略具有鉴定不仅可用于感染性疾病,而且还可用于癌症(Zitvogel 2015)、过敏性疾病(Moisan 2006)、神经退行性疾病诸如肌萎缩性侧索硬化和多发性硬化(Lemos 2014;Cirulli 2015;Freischmidt 2015)、其他炎性病症诸如肠易激病(Rakoff-Nahoum 2004),以及作为疫苗佐剂(Persing 2002;Dubensky 2013)的化合物的潜力。
STING对于抗微生物宿主防御至关重要,包括针对一系列DNA和RNA病毒和细菌的保护(在McNab 2015;Ma 2016中综述)。疱疹病毒科(Herpesviridae)、黄病毒科(Flaviviridae)、冠状病毒科(Coronaviridae)、乳头瘤病毒科(Papillomaviridae)、腺病毒科(Adenoviridae)、嗜肝DNA病毒科(Hepadnaviridae)、正粘病毒科(orthomyxoviridae)和副粘病毒科(paramyxoviridae)以及弹状病毒科(rhabdoviridae)已经演化出抑制STING介导的I型干扰素产生和逃避宿主免疫控制的机制(Holm 2016;Ma 2015;Wu 2015;Liu2016;Chen 2014;Lau 2013;Ding 2013;Nitta 2013;Sun 2012;Aguirre 2012;Ishikawa2009)。因此,STING的小分子活化能有利于这些感染性疾病的治疗。
相比之下,增加和延长的I型IFN产生与多种慢性感染有关,包括分枝杆菌(Mycobacteria)(Collins 2015;Wassermann 2015;Watson 2015)、弗朗西斯氏菌属(Francisella)(Storek 2015;Jin 2011A)、衣原体(Prantner 2010)、疟原虫(Plasmodium)(Sharma2011)和HIV(Herzner 2015;Gao 2013B)。类似地,在患有复杂形式的自身免疫性疾病的患者中发现了过量的I型干扰素产生。人类中的遗传证据和来自动物模型研究的佐证支持以下假设:抑制STING导致减少的驱动自身免疫性疾病的I型干扰素(Crow 2006;Stetson2008)。因此,STING的抑制剂为具有与感染或复杂自身免疫性疾病相关的长期I型干扰素和促炎细胞因子产生的患者提供了治疗。过敏性疾病与对过敏原的Th2偏向免疫应答有关。Th2反应与IgE的水平升高有关,IgE通过其对肥大细胞的作用促进对过敏原的超敏反应,从而导致例如在过敏性鼻炎和哮喘中观察到的症状。在健康个体中,对过敏原的免疫应答与混合的Th2/Th1和调节性T细胞反应更加平衡。1型干扰素的诱导已被证明导致局部环境中Th2型细胞因子的减少,并促进Th1/Treg反应。在这种情况下,通过例如激活STING诱导1型干扰素可以在过敏性疾病诸如哮喘和过敏性鼻炎的治疗中提供益处(Huber 2010)。
与STING结合并充当激动剂的化合物已经被表明在与人PBMC一起培育时诱导1型干扰素和其他细胞因子。诱导人类干扰素的化合物可用于治疗多种紊乱(disorders),例如治疗过敏性疾病和其他炎性病症,例如过敏性鼻炎和哮喘,治疗感染性疾病、神经退行性疾病、癌前综合征和癌症,并且还可用作免疫原性组合物或疫苗佐剂。与STING结合的化合物可以充当拮抗剂,并且可用于治疗,例如自身免疫性疾病。预期,用激活剂或抑制剂靶向STING可能是用于预防和治疗其中对1型IFN途径的调节是有益的疾病和病症以及作为免疫原性组合物或疫苗佐剂的有前景的方法,所述疾病和病症包括炎症、过敏性和自身免疫性疾病、感染性疾病、癌症、癌前综合征。
皮肤癌和多种皮肤病毒感染涉及免疫豁免环境,并且激活对病变的局部免疫应答可能是一种局部治疗方法。STING激动剂可以用于治疗病毒性疣、浅表皮肤癌和癌变前光化性角化病。通过双重作用机制,STING激活(例如,通过微针贴片递送或局部制剂)可以用于通过抗病毒I型干扰素的产生直接控制HPV,并且通过增强先天性免疫激活下游的适应性免疫应答间接控制HPV。STING激动剂可以激活病变中的先天性免疫应答,并且驱动抗HPV的T细胞应答。
最近的证据已经表明,驻留肿瘤的树突状细胞内STING途径的自发激活导致I型IFN的产生和针对肿瘤的适应性免疫应答。此外,肿瘤微环境中抗原呈递细胞(APC)中这种途径的激活驱动随后的针对肿瘤相关抗原的T细胞启动(priming)(Corrales 2015)。国际专利申请WO2014/093936、WO2014/189805、WO2013/185052、WO2015/077354和WO2015/185565公开了某些环状二核苷酸及其在通过激活STING诱导免疫应答中的用途。
此外,非CDN化合物已经被描述为STING的活性激动剂。
申请WO2019/069269、WO2019/069270、WO2017/175156和WO2017/175147以及Ramanjulu 2018描述了某些基于酰氨基苯并咪唑和基于二酰氨基苯并咪唑的化合物及其在调节STING中的用途。
申请WO2019/027858和US2018/0093964描述了某些苯并[b]噻吩化合物及其作为STING的拮抗剂的用途。WO2019/195063描述了氮杂苯并噻吩化合物,WO2019/195124描述了苯并噻吩和相关化合物以及它们作为STING激动剂的用途。WO 2019/219820描述了作为STING调节剂的苯并噻吩、噻吩并吡啶和噻吩并嘧啶。
申请WO2018/234808、WO2018/234807、GB2563642A、WO2018/234805描述了某些芳酰氨基化合物及其作为STING的调节剂的用途。
STING具有已知的多态性,包括在232位编码组氨酸的等位基因,该等位基因对双-3',5'(典型的)CDN是不响应的(refractory),但对2',5'-3',5'(非典型的、混合连接的)CDN则响应(Diner 2013;Jin 2011B)。据报道,STING基因中的单核苷酸多态性影响对细菌来源的典型CDN的反应性(Diner 2013;Gao 2013C;Conlon2013)。已经报道了5种主要的STING单倍型(WT、R232H、HAQ、AQ和Q等位基因),它们在氨基酸位置71、230、232和293处改变(Jin2011B;Yi 2013)。
本发明的化合物调节STING的活性,并且因此,可以在其中STING(干扰素基因的刺激剂)的调节是有益的疾病、紊乱和/或病症的预防和治疗以及作为疫苗佐剂中提供有益的治疗效果,所述疾病、紊乱和/或病症例如炎症、过敏性和自身免疫性疾病、感染性疾病、癌症、癌前综合征。
发明内容
本发明的第一方面提供了式I的化合物:
其中:
W是O或NH;
R1选自:
(i)H;
(ii)C3-6环烷基;
(iii)C3-7杂环基,其任选地被选自以下的基团取代:
甲基;和
酯;和
(iv)直链或支链C1-4烷基,其任选地被选自以下的基团取代:
烷氧基;
氨基;
酰氨基;
酰基酰氨基;
酰氧基;
烷基羧基酯;
烷基氨基甲酰基;
烷基氨基甲酰基酯;
苯基;
膦酸酯;
任选地被选自甲基和氧代的基团取代的C3-7杂环基;和
天然存在的氨基酸,其任选地被选自甲基、乙酰基和boc的基团N-取代;
A1是CRA或N;
A2是CRB或N;
A3是CRC或N;
A4是CRD或N;
其中A1、A2、A3、和A4中不超过两个可以是N;
RA、RB、RC和RD中的一个或两个(如果存在的话)选自H、F、Cl、Br、Me、CF3、环丙基、氰基、OMe、OEt、CH2OH、CH2OMe和OH;
其余的RA、RB、RC和RD(如果存在的话)是H;
RN1是H或Me;
RC2和RC3中的一个是C(=O)NH2;另一个选自H、Cl、F、Br、Me、OMe、OEt、氰基、CF3、CH2OH、CH2OMe、C2-4烯基和C5杂环基;
RC1、和RC4独立地选自H、Cl、F、Br、Me、OMe、OEt、氰基、CF3、CH2OH、CH2OMe、C2-4烯基和C5杂环基。
本发明的第二方面提供了第一方面的化合物,其用于治疗的方法。第二方面还提供药物组合物,其包括第一方面的化合物,和药物可接受的赋形剂。
本发明的第三方面提供了治疗或预防通过调节STING而改善的疾病的方法,包括向需要治疗的患者施用本发明第一方面的化合物或本发明第二方面的药物组合物。本发明的第三方面还提供本发明第一方面的化合物在制造用于治疗或预防通过调节STING而改善的疾病的药物中的用途,以及本发明第一方面的化合物或其药物组合物,其用于治疗或预防通过调节STING而改善的疾病。
定义
C3-6环烷基:如本文中使用的术语“C3-6环烷基”属于通过从具有从3至6个碳原子的饱和环状烃化合物的碳原子除去氢原子而获得的单价部分。C3-6环烷基基团的实例包括但不限于环丙基(C3)、环丁基(C4)、环戊基(C5)和环己基(C6)。
C3-7杂环基:如本文中使用的术语“C3-7杂环基”属于通过从单环杂环化合物的环原子除去氢原子而获得的单价部分,该部分具有3至7个环原子;其中1-2个原子是选自氧或氮的杂原子。
在本上下文中,前缀(例如C3-7)表示环原子的数量或环原子的数量范围,无论是碳原子还是杂原子。
C3-7杂环基基团的实例包括但不限于衍生自以下的那些:
N1:氮丙啶(C3)、氮杂环丁烷(C4)、吡咯烷(四氢吡咯)(C5)、吡咯啉(例如3-吡咯啉、2,5-二氢吡咯)(C5)、2H-吡咯或3H-吡咯(异吡咯、isoazole)(C5)、吡咯(C5)、哌啶(C6)、二氢吡啶(C6)、四氢吡啶(C6)、吡啶(C6)、氮杂环庚三烯(azepine)(C7)、氮杂环庚烷(azepane)(C7);
N2:双吖丙啶(C3)、二氮杂环丁烷(C4)、咪唑烷(C5)、吡唑烷(二氮杂环戊烷)(C5)、咪唑啉(C5)、吡唑啉(二氢吡唑)(C5)、咪唑(C5)、吡唑(C5)、哌嗪(C6)、吡嗪(C6)、嘧啶(C6)、哒嗪(C6)、二氮杂环庚三烯(C7)、二氮杂环庚烷(C7);
O1:氧杂环丁烷(oxetane)(C4)、四氢呋喃(C5);噁烷(oxane)(C6);
O2:二氧杂环丁烷(C4)、二氧戊环(C5);二噁烷(C6)、间二氧杂环戊烯(C5);
N1O1:四氢噁唑(C5)、二氢噁唑(C5)、四氢异噁唑(C5)、二氢异噁唑(C5)、异噁唑(C5)、噁唑(C5)、吗啉(C6)、四氢噁嗪(C6)、二氢噁嗪(C6)、噁嗪(C6)。
C1-4烷基:如本文中所使用的术语“C1-4烷基”属于通过从具有1至4个碳原子的饱和烃化合物的碳原子去除氢原子而获得的单价部分。
饱和烷基基团的实例包括但不限于:Me:甲基(C1),Et:乙基(C2),Pr:丙基(C3)和Bu:丁基(C4)。
饱和直链烷基基团的实例包括但不限于甲基(C1),乙基(C2),nPr:正丙基(C3)和nBu:正丁基(C4)。
饱和支链烷基基团的实例包括但不限于iPr:异丙基(C3,-C(CH3)2),Bu:异丁基(C4),sBu:仲丁基(C4)和tBu:叔丁基(C4)。
C2-4烯基:如本文中所使用的术语“C2-4烯基”属于具有2-4个碳原子和具有一个或更多个碳-碳双键的烷基基团。
不饱和烯基基团的实例包括但不限于乙烯基(ethenyl)(乙烯基(vinyl),-CH=CH2)、1-丙烯基(-CH=CH-CH3)、2-丙烯基(烯丙基,-CH-CH=CH2)、异丙烯基(1-甲基乙烯基,-C(CH3)=CH2)和丁烯基(C4)。
C1-4氟烷基:如本文中所使用的术语“C1-4氟烷基”属于被一个或更多个氟原子取代的C1-4烷基基团。
烷氧基:-OR,其中R是如上文定义的C1-4烷基基团。它可以表示为-O-C1-4烷基。烷氧基基团的实例包括但不限于甲氧基(OMe,C1)、乙氧基(OEt,C2)、丙氧基(C3)和丁氧基(C4)。
烷基氨基甲酰基:-NHC(=O)OR,其中R是如上文定义的C1-4烷基基团。烷基氨基甲酰基基团的实例包括但不限于,-N(H)C(=O)OCH3、-N(H)C(=O)OCH2CH3和-N(H)C(=O)OC(CH3)3。
烷基氨基甲酰酯:-OC(=O)NRR',其中R和R'独立地选自H和如上文定义的C1-4烷基。烷基氨基甲酰酯基团的实例包括但不限于,-OC(=O)N(CH3)2和-OC(=O)N(H)CH3。
烷基羧基酯:-OC(=O)OR,其中R是如上文定义的C1-4烷基基团。烷基羧基酯基团的实例包括但不限于-OC(=O)OCH3、-OC(=O)OCH2CH3、-OC(=O)OC(CH3)3和-OC(=O)OCH(CH3)2。
氨基:-N(R)R',其中R和R'独立地选自H和如上文定义的C1-4烷基。氨基基团的实例包括但不限于,-NH2、-N(H)CH3、-N(H)C(CH3)2、-N(CH3)2、-N(CH2CH3)2。
酰氨基(amido)(氨基甲酰基、氨甲酰基、氨基羰基、酰胺基、氨酰基):-C(=O)N(R)R',其中R和R'独立地选自H和如上文定义的C1-4烷基。酰氨基基团的实例包括但不限于C(=O)NH2、-C(=O)N(H)CH3、-C(=O)N(CH3)2、-C(=O)N(H)CH2CH3和-C(=O)N(CH2CH3)2。
酰基酰氨基(acylamido):-N(R)C(=O)R',其中R和R'独立地选自H和如上文定义的C1-4烷基。酰基酰氨基基团的实例包括但不限于-N(H)C(=O)CH2CH3、-N(H)C(=O)CH3和-N(CH3)C(=O)CH3。
苯基:-C6H5,其中苯基本身可以任选地被一个或更多个C1-4烷基基团、一个或更多个C1-4氟烷基基团、一个或更多个C1-4烷氧基基团、一个或更多个卤素取代基和一个或更多个氰基取代基取代。
苄基:-CH2-苯基,其中苯基如上文定义。
酯(羧酸酯(carboxylate)、羧酸酯(carboxylic acid ester)、氧羰基):-C(=O)OR,其中R是酯取代基,例如,如上文定义的C1-4烷基基团、C3-7杂环基基团或苯基基团,优选地C1-4烷基基团。酯基团的实例包括但不限于,-C(=O)OCH3、-C(=O)OCH2CH3、-C(=O)OC(CH3)3和-C(=O)OPh。
酰氧基(反向酯):-OC(=O)R,其中R是酰氧基取代基,例如,如上文定义的C1-4烷基基团、C3-7杂环基基团或苯基基团,优选地C1-4烷基基团。酰氧基基团的实例包括但不限于,-OC(=O)CH3(乙酰氧基)、-OC(=O)CH2CH3、-OC(=O)C(CH3)3和-OC(=O)Ph。酰氧基基团的另外的实例包括但不限于甲基酯(C1)、乙基酯(C2)、丙基酯(C3)和丁基酯(C4)。
天然存在的氨基酸:如本文中所使用的术语“天然存在的氨基酸”属于通过从自然界中常见的氨基酸化合物(例如,丙氨酸、精氨酸、天冬酰胺、天冬氨酸、半胱氨酸、甘氨酸、谷氨酰胺、谷氨酸、组氨酸、异亮氨酸、亮氨酸、赖氨酸、甲硫氨酸、苯丙氨酸、脯氨酸、丝氨酸、苏氨酸、色氨酸、酪氨酸和缬氨酸)之一上的羧基基团或氨基基团除去氢原子而获得的单价部分。氨基酸特别地选自异亮氨酸、亮氨酸和缬氨酸,最特别地是缬氨酸。
在这些基团的每一个中,与羧基和氨基基团两者结合的碳原子被称为α碳,并且它所连接的羧基和氨基基团是α-羧基和α-氨基基团。天然存在的氨基酸任选地被α-氨基基团上的保护基团或该部分上的任何其他氨基基团取代,保护基团包括但不限于乙酰基、甲基和叔丁基氨基甲酸酯(boc)基团。
膦酸酯:-P(O)(OR)OR',其中R和R'独立地选自如上文定义的C1-4烷基。膦酸酯的实例包括但不限于–P(O)(OEt)2。
氰基:-C≡N。
新戊酰氧基甲基:下式的基团:
包括其他形式
除非另有说明,否则以上包括这些取代基的熟知的离子、盐、溶剂化物和保护形式。例如,提及羧酸(-COOH)也包括阴离子(羧酸根)形式(-COO-)、其盐或溶剂化物、以及常规的保护形式。类似地,提及氨基基团包括质子化形式(-N+HR1R2)、氨基基团的盐或溶剂化物(例如盐酸盐)以及氨基基团的常规保护形式。类似地,提及羟基基团也包括阴离子形式(-O-)、其盐或溶剂化物、以及常规的保护形式。
盐
制备、纯化和/或处理活性化合物的相应盐,例如药学上可接受的盐,可能是方便的或期望的。药学上可接受的盐的实例在Berge,等,J.Pharm.Sci.,66,1-19(1977)中讨论。
例如,如果化合物是阴离子的,或者具有可以为阴离子的官能团(例如,-COOH可以是-COO-),则可以与合适的阳离子形成盐。合适的无机阳离子的实例包括但不限于碱金属离子诸如Na+和K+、碱土金属阳离子诸如Ca2+和Mg2+以及其他阳离子诸如Al+3。合适的有机阳离子的实例包括但不限于铵离子(即NH4 +)和取代的铵离子(例如NH3R+、NH2R2 +、NHR3 +、NR4 +)。一些合适的取代的铵离子的实例是衍生自以下的那些:乙胺、二乙胺、二环己胺、三乙胺、丁胺、乙二胺、乙醇胺、二乙醇胺、哌嗪、苄胺、苯基苄胺、胆碱、葡甲胺和氨丁三醇(tromethamine),以及氨基酸,诸如赖氨酸和精氨酸。常见的季铵离子的实例是N(CH3)4 +。
如果化合物是阳离子的,或者具有可以为阳离子的官能团(例如,-NH2可以是-NH3 +),则可以与合适的阴离子形成盐。合适的无机阴离子的实例包括但不限于衍生自下列无机酸的那些:盐酸、氢溴酸、氢碘酸、硫酸、亚硫酸、硝酸、亚硝酸、磷酸和亚磷酸。
合适的有机阴离子的实例包括但不限于衍生自下列有机酸的那些:2-乙酰氧基苯甲酸、乙酸、抗坏血酸、天冬氨酸、苯甲酸、樟脑磺酸、肉桂酸、柠檬酸、乙二胺四乙酸、乙二磺酸、乙磺酸、富马酸、葡庚糖酸、葡萄糖酸、谷氨酸、乙醇酸、羟基马来酸、羟基萘羧酸、羟乙磺酸、乳酸、乳糖酸、月桂酸、马来酸、苹果酸、甲磺酸、粘酸、油酸、草酸、棕榈酸、扑酸、泛酸、苯乙酸、苯基磺酸、丙酸、丙酮酸、水杨酸、硬脂酸、琥珀酸、磺胺酸、酒石酸、甲苯磺酸、三氟乙酸和戊酸。合适的聚合有机阴离子的实例包括但不限于衍生自下列聚合酸的那些:单宁酸、羧甲基纤维素。
溶剂化物
制备、纯化和/或处理活性化合物的相应溶剂化物可能是方便的或期望的。术语“溶剂化物”在本文中以常规意义是用以指代溶质(例如,活性化合物、活性化合物的盐)和溶剂的复合物。如果溶剂是水,则溶剂化物可方便地被称为水合物,例如单水合物、二水合物、三水合物等。
异构体
本发明的某些化合物可以以一种或更多种特定的几何、光学、对映异构体、非对映异构体、差向异构体、阻转异构体、立体异构体、互变异构体、构象或端基异构形式存在,包括但不限于顺式形式和反式形式;E-形式和Z-形式;c-形式、t-形式和r-形式;内形式和外形式;R-形式、S-形式和内消旋形式;D-形式和L-形式;d-形式和l-形式;(+)形式和(-)形式;酮形式、烯醇形式和烯醇化物(enolate)形式;顺式和反式;向斜形式和背斜形式;α-形式和β-形式;轴向形式和中纬线形式;船形式、椅形式、扭曲形式、信封形式和半椅形式;和它们的组合,下文被统称为“异构体”(或“异构形式”)。
术语“手性”指的是具有镜像配偶体的不可重叠特性的分子,而术语“非手性”指的是可重叠在其镜像配偶体上的分子。
术语“立体异构体”是指具有相同的化学组成,但原子或基团在空间中的排列不同的化合物。
“非对映异构体”是指具有两个或更多个手性中心的立体异构体,并且其分子不是彼此的镜像。非对映异构体具有不同的物理性质,例如熔点、沸点、光谱性质和反应性。非对映异构体混合物可以在高分辨率分析程序诸如电泳和色谱法下分离。
“对映异构体”是指化合物的两种立体异构体,它们是彼此不可重叠的镜像。
本文使用的立体化学定义和惯例通常遵循S.P.Parker,Ed.,McGraw-Hill化学术语词典(McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Chemical Terms)(1984)McGraw-Hill BookCompany,New York;以及Eliel,E.和Wilen,S.,“有机化合物立体化学(Stereochemistryof Organic Compounds)”,John Wiley&Sons,Inc.,New York,1994。本发明的化合物可以包含不对称或手性中心,并且因此以不同的立体异构形式存在。意图本发明的化合物的所有立体异构形式,包括但不限于非对映异构体、对映异构体和阻转异构体,以及它们的混合物诸如外消旋混合物,都形成本发明的一部分。许多有机化合物以光学活性形式存在,即它们具有旋转平面偏振光的平面的能力。在描述光学活性化合物时,前缀D和L,或R和S,用于表示分子关于其手性中心的绝对构型。前缀d和l或(+)和(-)用于表示化合物对平面偏振光的旋转符号,其中(-)或l表示化合物是左旋的。前缀为(+)或d的化合物是右旋的。对于给定的化学结构,这些立体异构体是相同的,只是它们是彼此的镜像。特定的立体异构体也可以被称为对映异构体,并且这样的异构体的混合物通常被称为对映异构体混合物。对映异构体的50:50混合物被称为外消旋混合物或外消旋物,它们在化学反应或过程中没有立体选择或立体专一性的情况下可能会出现。术语“外消旋混合物”和“外消旋物”是指两种对映异构体物质的等摩尔混合物,没有光学活性。
应注意,除了下面关于互变异构形式所讨论的之外,从如本文所使用的术语“异构体”中特别排除的是结构(或组成)异构体(即,原子间的连接不同而不仅仅是原子在空间中的位置不同的异构体)。例如,对甲氧基基团-OCH3的提及不应被理解为对其结构异构体羟甲基基团-CH2OH的提及。类似地,对邻氯苯基的提及不应被理解为对其结构异构体间氯苯基的提及。然而,提及一类结构很可能包括属于该类的结构异构形式(例如,C1-7烷基包括正丙基和异丙基;丁基包括正丁基、异丁基、仲丁基和叔丁基;甲氧基苯基包括邻甲氧基苯基、间甲氧基苯基和对甲氧基苯基)。
上文的排除不适用于互变异构形式,例如酮形式、烯醇形式和烯醇化物形式,如在例如以下互变异构对中:酮/烯醇(下文中说明的)、亚胺/烯胺、酰胺/亚氨基醇、脒/脒、亚硝基/肟、硫代酮/烯硫醇(enethiol)、N-亚硝基/羟基偶氮基和硝基/酸式硝基。
术语“互变异构体”或“互变异构体形式”是指不同能量的结构异构体,它们可通过低能势垒相互转化。例如,质子互变异构体(也被称为质子移变互变异构体包括通过质子迁移的相互转化,诸如酮-烯醇和亚胺-烯胺异构化。化合价互变异构体包括通过重组一些成键电子的相互转化。
与本发明化合物特别相关的是下面举例说明的互变异构现象,其中RN1是H:
应注意,在术语“异构体”中具体包括具有一个或更多个同位素取代的化合物。例如,H可以呈任何同位素的形式,包括1H、2H(D)、和3H(T);C可以呈任何同位素的形式,包括12C、13C、和14C;O可以呈任何同位素的形式,包括16O和18O;等等。
可以掺入到本发明化合物中的同位素的实例包括氢、碳、氮、氧、磷、氟和氯的同位素,诸如但不限于2H(氘,D)、3H(氚)、11C、13C、14C、15N、18F、31P、32P、35S、36Cl和125I。各种同位素标记的本发明的化合物,例如掺入放射性同位素诸如3H、13C和14C的化合物,包括在本发明的化合物中。这样的同位素标记的化合物可用于代谢研究、反应动力学研究、检测或成像技术,诸如正电子发射断层扫描(PET)或单光子发射计算机断层扫描(SPECT),包括药物或基质组织分布测定,或用于患者的放射性治疗。本发明的氘标记或取代的治疗化合物可以具有改善的DMPK(药物代谢和药代动力学)性质,涉及分布、代谢和排泄(ADME)。用较重的同位素诸如氘取代可以提供由于较高的代谢稳定性而产生的某些治疗益处,例如,增加的体内半衰期或降低的剂量需求。18F标记的化合物可用于PET或SPECT研究。本发明的同位素标记的化合物或其前药通常可以通过用容易获得的同位素标记的试剂代替非同位素标记的试剂来执行在方案中或在实施例和以下描述的制备中公开的程序来制备。此外,用较重的同位素特别是氘(即2H或D)取代可以提供由于较高的代谢稳定性而产生的某些治疗益处,例如,增加的体内半衰期或降低的剂量需求或治疗指数的改进。应当理解,氘在本上下文中被视为取代基。这样的较重的同位素特别是氘的浓度可以由同位素富集因子来定义。在本发明的化合物中,任何未具体指定为特定同位素的原子都意味着代表该原子的任何稳定同位素。
除非另有说明,否则对特定化合物的提及包括所有这样的异构形式,包括(全部或部分)外消旋和它们的其他混合物。用于这样的异构形式的制备(例如,不对称合成)和分离(例如,分级结晶和色谱手段)的方法在本领域中是已知的,或者是通过以已知方式调整本文教导的方法或已知方法而容易地获得的。
治疗适应症
本文公开的化合物可以在许多紊乱中提供治疗益处,特别是可以在通过调节STING而改善的疾病的治疗或预防中提供治疗益处。
本发明的一个方面提供了治疗或预防STING介导的疾病和紊乱的方法,其中激动STING是有益的。示例性的疾病/紊乱包括但不限于癌症和感染性疾病(诸如由病毒和细菌引起的疾病,所述病毒例如HIV、HBV、HCV、HPV和流感)。本发明的另一方面提供了STING激动剂作为疫苗佐剂的用途。在一种实施方案中,本发明提供了本发明的化合物,用于在疗法中使用。本发明还提供了式I的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐,用于在疗法中使用。本发明尤其提供了式I的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐,用于在治疗STING介导的疾病或紊乱中使用。
本发明还提供了式I的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐,用于作为疫苗佐剂使用。因此还提供了一种免疫原性组合物或疫苗佐剂,所述免疫原性组合物或疫苗佐剂包含式I的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐。在本发明的另外的实施方案中,提供了一种组合物,所述组合物包含式I的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐以及一种或更多种免疫刺激剂。
在另一种实施方案中,本发明提供了本发明的化合物,用于在治疗STING介导的疾病或紊乱中使用和/或用作免疫原性组合物或疫苗佐剂。在另一种实施方案中,本发明提供了式I化合物或其药学上可接受的盐,用于在改善由STING介导的疾病或紊乱引起的持续的器官损伤或损害中使用。
本发明还提供了本发明的化合物在制造用于治疗STING介导的疾病或紊乱的药物中的用途。本发明还提供了式I的化合物或其盐,特别是其药学上可接受的盐在制造用于治疗STING介导的疾病或紊乱,例如本文所述的疾病和紊乱的药物中的用途。
本发明还提供了式I的化合物或其盐,特别是其药学上可接受的盐在制造疫苗中的用途。还提供了式I的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐用于制造用于治疗或预防疾病的包含抗原或抗原组合物的免疫原性组合物的用途。还提供了式I的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐用于制造用于治疗或预防疾病的包含抗原或抗原组合物的疫苗组合物的用途。
在另一种实施方案中,本发明涉及一种治疗STING介导的疾病或紊乱的方法,包括向有相应需要的人类施用治疗有效量的本发明的化合物。在另一种实施方案中,本发明涉及一种治疗STING介导的疾病或紊乱的方法,包括向有相应需要的人类施用治疗有效量的式I的化合物或其盐,特别是其药学上可接受的盐。
感染性疾病
本发明的化合物可以用于治疗感染性疾病,感染性疾病是由来自病原体的感染引起的或与来自病原体的感染同时发生的任何疾病。病原体被广泛地定义为对人体组织环境来说是外来的任何种类的生物体。常见的致病病原体包括细菌(许多,如TB)、病毒(许多,如HBV、HIV、流感病毒)和寄生原生动物(如导致疟疾的恶性疟原虫)。本发明的化合物可以用于治疗由细菌引起的感染性疾病(诸如TB感染(结核分枝杆菌,Mycobacteriumtuberculosis))、由衣原体引起的感染性疾病、兔热病感染(土拉弗朗西斯菌,Francisellatularensis)、疟原虫感染或由DNA或RNA病毒引起的感染。本发明的化合物可以用于治疗来源于以下DNA病毒科的感染性疾病:疱疹病毒科(Herpesviridae)(单纯疱疹病毒-1、卡波济氏肉瘤相关病毒和爱泼斯坦-巴尔病毒)、乳头瘤病毒科(Papillomaviridae)(人乳头瘤病毒)、腺病毒和嗜肝DNA病毒科(Hepadnaviridae)(乙型肝炎病毒)。RNA病毒科的实例包括逆转录病毒科(Retroviridae)(人类免疫缺陷病毒)、黄病毒科(Flaviviridae)(登革热病毒、丙型肝炎病毒)、正粘病毒科(Orthomyxoviridae)(流感病毒)和冠状病毒科(Coronaviridae)(人类冠状病毒和SARS冠状病毒)。
癌症
如本文中所使用的,术语“癌症”、“赘生物”和“肿瘤”可互换使用,并且以单数形式或复数形式,是指已经经历使其对宿主生物体呈病理性的恶性转化的细胞。通过良好建立的技术,尤其是组织学检查,可以容易地将原发性癌细胞与非癌细胞区分开。如本文所使用的癌细胞的定义不仅包括原发性癌细胞,而且还包括源自癌细胞祖先的任何细胞。这包括转移的癌细胞、以及源自癌细胞的体外培养物和细胞系。当提到通常表现为实体瘤的一种癌症时,“临床上可检测的”肿瘤是基于肿瘤质量可检测的肿瘤;例如通过诸如计算机断层扫描(CT)、磁共振成像(MRI)、X射线、超声或物理检查触诊的程序,和/或由于可从患者获得的样品中一种或更多种癌症特异性抗原的表达而可检测的肿瘤。肿瘤可以是可被称为“液体肿瘤”的造血(或血液或血液学或血液相关)癌症,例如,源自血细胞或免疫细胞的癌症。基于血液肿瘤的临床病症的具体实例包括白血病,诸如慢性粒细胞白血病、急性粒细胞白血病、慢性淋巴细胞白血病和急性淋巴细胞白血病;浆细胞恶性肿瘤,诸如多发性骨髓瘤、MGUS和瓦尔登斯特伦巨球蛋白血症;淋巴瘤诸如非霍奇金淋巴瘤、霍奇金淋巴瘤;等等。
癌症可以是其中存在异常数量的胚细胞或不需要的细胞增殖或被诊断为血液学癌症的任何癌症,包括淋巴恶性肿瘤和髓系恶性肿瘤两者。髓系恶性肿瘤包括但不限于急性髓系(或髓细胞或骨髓性或成髓细胞)白血病(未分化的或分化的)、急性早幼粒细胞系(或早幼粒细胞或早幼粒细胞性或成早幼粒细胞)白血病、急性髓单核细胞(或成髓单核细胞)白血病、急性单核细胞(或成单核细胞)白血病、红白血病和巨核细胞(或成巨核细胞)白血病。这些白血病可以被统称为急性髓系(或髓细胞或成髓细胞)白血病(AML)。髓系恶性肿瘤还包括骨髓增生性紊乱(MPD),其包括但不限于慢性髓细胞性(或髓系)白血病(CML)、慢性髓单核细胞白血病(CMML)、原发性血小板增多(或血小板增多症)和真性红细胞增多症(PCV)。髓系恶性肿瘤还包括骨髓发育不良(或骨髓增生异常综合征或MDS),其可以被称为难治性贫血(RA)、伴有过量胚细胞的难治性贫血(RAEB)和伴有转化胚细胞过多的难治性贫血(RAEBT);以及伴有或不伴有病因不明的骨髓化生的骨髓纤维化(MFS)。
造血系统癌症还包括淋巴系恶性肿瘤,其可能影响淋巴结、脾、骨髓、外周血和/或结外部位。淋巴癌包括B细胞恶性肿瘤,其包括但不限于B细胞非霍奇金淋巴瘤(B-NHL)。B-NHL可以是惰性的(或低级的)、中级的(或侵略性的)或高级的(非常侵略性的)。惰性B细胞淋巴瘤包括滤泡性淋巴瘤(FL);小淋巴细胞淋巴瘤(SLL);边缘区淋巴瘤(MZL),包括结MZL、结外MZL、脾MZL和伴有绒毛淋巴细胞的脾MZL;淋巴浆细胞淋巴瘤(LPL);和粘膜相关淋巴组织(MALT或结外边缘区)淋巴瘤。中级B-NHL包括伴有或不伴有白血病累及的套细胞淋巴瘤(MCL)、弥漫性大细胞淋巴瘤(DLBCL)、滤泡性大细胞(或3级或3B级)淋巴瘤和原发性纵隔淋巴瘤(PML)。高级B-NHL包括伯基特淋巴瘤(BL)、伯基特样淋巴瘤、小非裂细胞淋巴瘤(SNCCL)和淋巴母细胞淋巴瘤。其他B-NHL包括免疫细胞性淋巴瘤(或免疫细胞瘤)、原发性渗出性淋巴瘤、HIV相关(或AIDS相关)淋巴瘤和移植后淋巴增生性紊乱(PTLD)或淋巴瘤。B细胞恶性肿瘤还包括但不限于慢性淋巴细胞白血病(CLL)、前淋巴细胞白血病(PLL)、瓦尔登斯特伦巨球蛋白血症(WM)、毛细胞白血病(HCL)、大颗粒淋巴细胞白血病(LGL)、急性淋巴(或淋巴细胞或成淋巴细胞)白血病和Castleman病。NHL还可以包括T细胞非霍奇金淋巴瘤(T-NHL),其包括但不限于未以其他方式明确说明(NOS)的T细胞非霍奇金淋巴瘤、外周T细胞淋巴瘤(PTCL)、间变性大细胞淋巴瘤(ALCL)、血管成免疫细胞性淋巴紊乱(AILD)、鼻腔自然杀伤(NK)细胞/T细胞淋巴瘤、γ/δ淋巴瘤、皮肤T细胞淋巴瘤、蕈样真菌病和塞扎里综合征。
造血系统癌症还包括霍奇金淋巴瘤(或疾病),包括经典霍奇金淋巴瘤、结节性硬化性霍奇金淋巴瘤、混合细胞性霍奇金淋巴瘤、淋巴细胞占优势(LP)霍奇金淋巴瘤、结节性LP霍奇金淋巴瘤和淋巴细胞耗竭型霍奇金淋巴瘤。造血系统癌症还包括浆细胞疾病或癌症,诸如多发性骨髓瘤(MM),包括郁积型MM(smoldering MM)、意义不明(或未知或不清楚)的单克隆丙种球蛋白病(MGUS)、浆细胞瘤(骨、髓外)、淋巴浆细胞淋巴瘤(LPL)、瓦尔登斯特伦巨球蛋白血症、浆细胞白血病和原发性淀粉样变性(AL)。造血系统癌症还可以包括另外的造血细胞的其他癌症,包括多形核白细胞(或中性粒细胞)、嗜碱性粒细胞、嗜酸性粒细胞、树突状细胞、血小板、红细胞和自然杀伤细胞。包含造血细胞的组织在本文中被称为“造血细胞组织”,包括骨髓;外周血;胸腺;和外周淋巴组织,诸如脾、淋巴结、与粘膜相关的淋巴组织(诸如与肠相关的淋巴组织)、扁桃体、派尔斑和阑尾,以及与其他粘膜相关的淋巴组织,例如支气管内膜。
本发明的化合物可以具有潜在有益的抗肿瘤作用的癌症疾病和病症的实例包括但不限于肺癌、骨癌、胰腺癌、皮肤癌、头癌、颈癌、子宫癌、卵巢癌、胃癌、结肠癌、乳腺癌、食道癌、小肠癌、肠癌、内分泌系统癌、甲状腺癌、甲状旁腺癌、肾上腺癌、尿道癌、前列腺癌、阴茎癌、睾丸癌、输尿管癌、膀胱癌、肾癌或肝癌;直肠癌;肛门区域的癌症;输卵管癌、子宫内膜癌、子宫颈癌、阴道癌、外阴癌、肾盂、肾细胞癌;软组织肉瘤;粘液瘤;横纹肌瘤;纤维瘤;脂肪瘤;畸胎瘤;胆管癌;肝母细胞瘤;血管肉瘤;血管瘤;肝癌;纤维肉瘤;软骨肉瘤;骨髓瘤;慢性或急性白血病;淋巴细胞淋巴瘤;原发性CNS淋巴瘤;CNS赘生物;脊髓轴肿瘤;鳞状细胞癌;滑膜肉瘤;恶性胸膜间皮瘤;脑干神经胶质瘤;垂体腺瘤;支气管腺瘤;软骨瘤样错构瘤;间皮瘤;霍奇金病或前述癌症中的一种或更多种的组合。适合地,本发明涉及用于治疗或减轻选自由以下组成的组的癌症的严重程度的方法:脑(胶质瘤)、胶质母细胞瘤、星形细胞瘤、多形性胶质母细胞瘤、Bannayan-Zonana综合征、考登病、Lhermitte-Duclos病、威尔姆瘤、尤因肉瘤、横纹肌肉瘤、室管膜瘤、髓母细胞瘤、头颈癌、肾癌、肝癌、黑色素瘤、卵巢癌、胰腺癌、腺癌、导管腺癌、腺鳞癌、腺泡细胞癌、胰高血糖素瘤、胰岛瘤、前列腺、肉瘤、骨肉瘤、骨巨细胞瘤、甲状腺、成淋巴细胞T细胞白血病、慢性髓细胞白血病、慢性淋巴细胞白血病、毛细胞白血病、急性成淋巴细胞白血病、急性髓细胞白血病、慢性中性粒细胞白血病、急性成淋巴细胞T细胞白血病、浆细胞瘤、成免疫细胞性大细胞白血病、套细胞白血病、多发性骨髓瘤、巨核细胞白血病、多发性骨髓瘤、急性巨核细胞白血病、早幼粒细胞白血病、红白血病、恶性淋巴瘤、霍奇金淋巴瘤、非霍奇金淋巴瘤、成淋巴细胞性T细胞淋巴瘤、伯基特淋巴瘤、滤泡性淋巴瘤、神经母细胞瘤、膀胱癌、尿路上皮癌、外阴癌、宫颈癌、子宫内膜癌、肾癌、间皮瘤、食道癌、唾液腺癌、肝细胞癌、胃癌、鼻咽癌、颊癌、口腔癌、GIST(胃肠道间质瘤)和睾丸癌。
在一些实施方案中,本发明的化合物可以用于治疗实体瘤或液体肿瘤。在一些实施方案中,本发明的化合物可以用于治疗肉瘤、乳腺癌、结肠直肠癌、胃食管癌、黑色素瘤、非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)、透明细胞肾细胞癌(RCC)、淋巴瘤、头颈部鳞状细胞癌(SCCHN)、肝细胞癌(HCC)和/或非霍奇金淋巴瘤(NHL)。适合地,本发明涉及一种用于治疗或减轻哺乳动物(包括人类)的癌前综合征的严重程度的方法,其中所述癌前综合征选自:宫颈上皮内瘤形成、意义不明的单克隆丙种球蛋白病(MGUS)、骨髓增生异常综合征、再生障碍性贫血、宫颈病变、皮肤痣(前黑色素瘤)、前列腺上皮内(导管内)瘤形成(PIN)、原位导管癌(DCIS)、结肠息肉和重型肝炎或肝硬化。
在一个方面,人类患有实体瘤。在一个方面,肿瘤选自头颈癌、胃癌、黑色素瘤、肾细胞癌(RCC)、食道癌、非小细胞肺癌、前列腺癌、结肠直肠癌、卵巢癌和胰腺癌。在一个方面,人类患有以下的一种或更多种:结肠直肠癌(CRC)、食管癌、宫颈癌、膀胱癌、乳腺癌、头颈癌、卵巢癌、黑色素瘤、肾细胞癌(RCC)、EC鳞状细胞、非小细胞肺癌、间皮瘤和前列腺癌。在另一方面,人类患有液体肿瘤,诸如弥漫性大B细胞淋巴瘤(DLBCL)、多发性骨髓瘤、慢性成淋巴细胞白血病(CLL)、滤泡性淋巴瘤、急性骨髓性白血病和慢性髓细胞白血病。在一种实施方案中,本发明的化合物可用于治疗皮肤癌(例如,非黑色素瘤皮肤癌、鳞状细胞癌、基底细胞癌)或光化性角化病。除了用于清除浅表皮肤癌的场效应之外,本发明的化合物可以防止经治疗的患者中后续皮肤癌和癌前光化性角化病的发展。
自身免疫性疾病
相关的自身免疫性疾病包括但不限于具有婴儿期发病的STING相关血管炎(SAVI)、Aicardi Goutieres综合征(AGS)、冻疮性狼疮、共济失调性毛细血管扩张症(也被称为路易-巴尔综合征)、伴有脑白质营养不良的视网膜血管病(RCVL)、系统性红斑狼疮(SLE)、皮肤狼疮、狼疮性肾炎、银屑病、糖尿病(包括胰岛素依赖型糖尿病(IDDM))、皮肌炎、人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)、AIDS、多肌炎、系统性硬化(硬皮病)和干燥综合征(SS)、类风湿性关节炎、银屑病关节炎、多发性关节炎、重症肌无力、结节性多动脉炎、血管炎、皮肤血管炎、抗中性粒细胞胞浆抗体(ANCA)相关血管炎、过敏性紫癜(Henoch-Schonlein purpura)、自身免疫性肝炎、原发性硬化性胆管炎、韦格纳肉芽肿病、显微镜下多血管炎、白塞氏病、脊椎炎、巨细胞动脉炎、风湿性多肌痛、雷诺氏现象、原发性胆汁性肝硬化、原发性中枢神经系统血管炎、显微镜下多血管炎、视神经脊髓炎和混合结缔组织疾病。
炎症
炎症代表一组对创伤的血管、细胞和神经反应。炎症可以被表征为炎症细胞诸如单核细胞、中性粒细胞和粒细胞进入组织的运动。这通常与内皮屏障功能降低和组织水肿有关。炎症可以被分为急性或慢性。急性炎症是身体对有害刺激的初始反应,并且通过血浆和白细胞从血液到损伤组织的增加的运动而实现。一系列生物化学事件传播并使涉及局部血管系统、免疫系统和损伤组织内的多种细胞的炎症反应成熟。被称为慢性炎症的长期的炎症导致存在于炎症部位处的细胞类型的进行性变化,并且其特征在于来自炎症过程的组织的同时破坏和愈合。
当炎症作为对感染的免疫应答的一部分或作为对创伤的急性反应发生时,它可以是有益的,并且通常是自我限制的。然而,炎症在多种情况下可能是有害的。这包括响应于感染因子的过度炎症的产生,其可以导致严重的器官损伤和死亡(例如,在败血症的情况下)。此外,慢性炎症通常是有害的,并且是许多慢性疾病的根源,对组织造成严重和不可逆的损害。在这种情况下,免疫应答通常针对自身组织(自身免疫),尽管对外来实体的慢性反应也可以导致旁观者对自身组织的损害。
因此,抗炎疗法的目的是减少这种炎症,抑制自身免疫(当存在时),并且允许生理过程或愈合和组织修复进行。
本发明的化合物可以用于治疗身体的任何组织和器官的炎症,包括肌肉骨骼炎症、血管炎症、神经炎症、消化系统炎症、眼部炎症、生殖系统炎症和其他炎症,如下所示例。
肌肉骨骼炎症是指肌肉骨骼系统的任何炎性病症,特别是那些影响骨骼关节,包括手、腕、肘、肩、颌、脊柱、颈、髋、膝、踝和脚的关节的病症,以及影响连接肌肉与骨骼的组织(诸如肌腱)的病症。可以用本发明的化合物治疗的肌肉骨骼炎症的实例包括关节炎(包括例如骨关节炎、类风湿性关节炎、银屑病关节炎、强直性脊柱炎、急性和慢性感染性关节炎、与痛风和假痛风相关的关节炎以及青少年特发性关节炎)、肌腱炎、滑膜炎、腱鞘炎、滑囊炎、纤维炎(纤维肌痛)、上髁炎、肌炎和骨炎(包括例如佩吉特病、耻骨骨炎和纤维囊性骨炎)。
眼部炎症是指眼睛的任何结构(包括眼睑)的炎症。可以用本发明的化合物治疗的眼部炎症的实例包括睑缘炎、眼睑松弛症、结膜炎、泪腺炎、角膜炎、干燥性角膜结膜炎(干眼症)、巩膜炎、倒睫和葡萄膜炎。
可以用本发明的化合物治疗的神经系统的炎症的实例包括脑炎、吉兰-巴雷综合征(Guillain-Barre syndrome)、脑膜炎、神经性肌强直、发作性睡病、多发性硬化、脊髓炎、CNS血管炎和精神分裂症。
可以用本发明的化合物治疗的脉管系统或淋巴系统的炎症的实例包括关节硬化、关节炎、静脉炎、血管炎和淋巴管炎。
可以用本发明的化合物治疗的消化系统的炎性病症的实例包括胆管炎、胆囊炎、肠炎、小肠结肠炎、胃炎、肠胃炎、炎性肠病(诸如克罗恩病和溃疡性结肠炎)、回肠炎和直肠炎。
可以用本发明的化合物治疗的生殖系统的炎性病症的实例包括宫颈炎、绒毛膜羊膜炎、子宫内膜炎、附睾炎、脐炎、卵巢炎、睾丸炎、输卵管炎、输卵管卵巢脓肿、尿道炎、阴道炎、外阴炎和外阴痛。
本发明的化合物可以用于治疗具有炎性成分的自身免疫性病症。这样的病症包括急性播散性普秃、白塞氏病、恰加斯病、伴有婴儿期发病的STING相关血管炎(SAVI)、Aicardi Goutieres综合征(AGS)、冻疮狼疮、共济失调毛细血管扩张症(也被称为路易-巴尔综合征)、伴有脑白质营养不良的视网膜血管病(RCVL)、ANCA相关血管炎、慢性疲劳综合征、自主神经障碍、脑脊髓炎、强直性脊柱炎、再生障碍性贫血、化脓性汗腺炎、自身免疫性肝炎、自身免疫性卵巢炎、乳糜泻、克罗恩病、1型糖尿病、巨细胞动脉炎、古德帕斯丘综合征、格雷夫斯病、吉兰-巴雷综合征、桥本氏病(Hashimoto's disease)、亨-舍二氏紫癜、川崎病、红斑狼疮、显微镜下结肠炎、显微镜下多动脉炎、混合结缔组织病、多发性硬化、重症肌无力、眼阵挛-肌阵挛综合征、视神经炎、奥德甲状腺炎、天疱疮、结节性多动脉炎、多肌痛、类风湿性关节炎、赖特综合征、干燥综合征、颞动脉炎、韦格纳肉芽肿病、温热自身免疫性溶血性贫血、间质性膀胱炎、莱姆病、硬斑病、银屑病、结节病、硬皮病、溃疡性结肠炎和白癜风。
本发明的化合物可以用于治疗具有炎性成分的T细胞介导的过敏性疾病。这样的病症包括接触性超敏反应、接触性皮炎(包括由毒藤引起的接触性皮炎)、荨麻疹、皮肤过敏、呼吸道过敏(干草热、过敏性鼻炎)和谷蛋白敏感性肠病(乳糜泻)。
可以用本发明的化合物治疗的其他炎性病症包括,例如,阑尾炎、皮炎、皮肌炎、心内膜炎、纤维组织炎、牙龈炎、舌炎、肝炎、化脓性汗腺炎、虹膜炎、喉炎、乳腺炎、心肌炎、肾炎、耳炎、胰腺炎、腮腺炎、心外膜炎、腹膜炎、咽炎、胸膜炎、肺炎、前列腺炎、肾盂肾炎和口腔炎、移植排斥(涉及器官诸如肾、肝、心脏、肺、胰腺(诸如胰岛细胞)、骨髓、角膜、小肠、皮肤同种异体移植物、皮肤同种移植物、和心脏瓣膜异种移植物、血清病和移植物抗宿主病)、急性胰腺炎、慢性胰腺炎、急性呼吸窘迫综合征、塞扎里综合征、先天性肾上腺增生、非化脓性甲状腺炎、与癌症相关的高钙血症、天疱疮、大疱性疱疹样皮炎、严重多形性红斑、剥脱性皮炎、脂溢性皮炎、季节性或常年性过敏性鼻炎、支气管哮喘、接触性皮炎、特应性皮炎、药物过敏反应、过敏性结膜炎、角膜炎、带状疱疹性眼炎、虹膜炎和虹膜睫状体炎、脉络膜视网膜炎、视神经炎、症状性结节病、暴发性或播散性肺结核化疗、成人特发性血小板减少性紫癜、成人继发性血小板减少性紫癜、获得性(自身免疫性)溶血性贫血、成人白血病和淋巴瘤、儿童急性白血病、区域性肠炎、自身免疫性血管炎、多发性硬化症、慢性阻塞性肺疾病、实体器官移植排斥、败血症。优选的治疗包括治疗移植排斥、类风湿性关节炎、银屑病关节炎、多发性硬化、1型糖尿病、哮喘、炎性肠病、系统性红斑狼疮、银屑病、慢性肺病和伴随感染病症的炎症(例如败血症)。在一种实施方案中,本发明的化合物可以用于治疗哮喘。
细胞增殖
本发明的化合物还可用于治疗一种或更多种折磨哺乳动物的疾病,所述疾病的特征在于与新血管形成和/或血管通透性相关的紊乱的区域中的细胞增殖,所述紊乱包括血管增殖性紊乱,包括关节炎(类风湿性关节炎)和再狭窄;纤维化紊乱,包括肝硬化和动脉粥样硬化;系膜细胞增殖性病紊乱包括肾小球性肾炎、糖尿病性肾病、恶性肾硬化、血栓性微血管病综合征、增生性视网膜病、器官移植排斥和肾小球疾病;和代谢紊乱包括银屑病、糖尿病、慢性伤口愈合、炎症和神经退行性疾病。
神经退行性疾病
本发明的化合物可以用于治疗神经退行性疾病。示例性的神经退行性疾病包括但不限于多发性硬化、亨廷顿氏病、阿尔茨海默氏病、帕金森病、肌萎缩性侧索硬化(ALS)。
组合
本发明的化合物可以单独使用或与其他治疗剂组合使用。作为免疫应答的调节剂,本发明的化合物也可以用于单一疗法,或与另一种治疗剂联合用于治疗其中STING的调节是有益的疾病和病症。因此,根据本发明的联合疗法包括施用式I的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐、以及至少一种其他治疗活性剂。在一种实施方案中,根据本发明的联合疗法包括施用至少一种式I的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐、以及至少一种其他治疗剂。式I的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐和其他治疗剂可以在单个药物组合物中一起施用或分开地施用,并且当分开地施用时,施用可以同时地或以任何顺序依次地发生。将选择式I的化合物和其药学上可接受的盐和其他治疗剂的量以及施用的相对时间,以便实现期望的组合治疗效果。因此,在另外的方面,提供了一种组合,所述组合包含式I的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐以及一种或更多种其他治疗剂。
式I的化合物及其药学上可接受的盐可以与以下组合使用:可用于预防或治疗例如过敏性疾病、炎性疾病或自身免疫性疾病的一种或更多种其他治疗剂;抗原免疫疗法、抗组胺药、类固醇、NSAID、支气管扩张剂(例如β2激动剂、肾上腺素能激动剂、抗胆碱能药、茶碱)、甲氨蝶呤、白三烯调节剂和类似剂;单克隆抗体疗法,诸如抗IgE、抗TNF、抗IL-5、抗IL-6、抗IL-12、抗IL-1及类似剂;受体疗法,例如依那西普和类似剂;抗原非特异性免疫疗法(例如干扰素或其他细胞因子/趋化因子、细胞因子/趋化因子受体调节剂、细胞因子激动剂或拮抗剂、TLR激动剂和类似剂)。
式I的化合物及其药学上可接受的盐可以与放射疗法和/或外科手术和/或至少一种可用于治疗癌症和癌前综合征的其他治疗剂联合使用。对被治疗的易感肿瘤具有活性的任何抗肿瘤剂可以在组合中使用。有用的典型抗肿瘤剂包括但不限于:(a)抗微管剂,诸如二萜类化合物(例如紫杉醇、多西他赛)和长春花生物碱(例如长春碱、长春新碱和长春瑞滨);(b)铂配位络合物(例如奥沙利铂、顺铂和卡铂);(c)烷化剂,诸如氮芥(例如环磷酰胺、美法仑和苯丁酸氮芥)、oxazaphosphorine、烷基磺酸酯类(例如白消安)、亚硝基脲(例如卡莫司汀)和三氮烯(例如达卡巴嗪);(d)抗生素剂,诸如蒽环类药物(例如柔红霉素和多柔比星)、放线菌素(例如放线菌素D)和博莱霉素;(e)拓扑异构酶II抑制剂,诸如表鬼臼毒素(例如依托泊苷和替尼泊苷);(f)抗代谢物,诸如嘌呤和嘧啶类似物和抗叶酸化合物(例如氟尿嘧啶、甲氨蝶呤、阿糖胞苷、巯基嘌呤、硫鸟嘌呤和吉西他滨);(g)拓扑异构酶I抑制剂,诸如喜树碱(例如依立替康、拓扑替康和7-(4-甲基哌嗪基-亚甲基)-10,11-亚乙二氧基-20-喜树碱的各种光学形式);(h)激素和激素类似物(例如肾上腺皮质类固醇,诸如泼尼松和泼尼松龙,其可用于治疗儿童恶性淋巴瘤和急性白血病;氨鲁米特和其他芳香酶抑制剂,诸如阿那曲唑、来曲唑、沃罗唑和依西美坦,其可用于治疗肾上腺皮质癌和含有雌激素受体的激素依赖性乳腺癌;孕激素,诸如醋酸甲地孕酮,其可用于治疗激素依赖性乳腺癌和子宫内膜癌;雌激素和抗雌激素诸如氟维司群、氟他胺、尼鲁他胺、比卡鲁胺、醋酸环丙孕酮和5-还原酶诸如非那雄胺和度他雄胺,可用于治疗前列腺癌和良性前列腺肥大;抗雌激素诸如他莫昔芬、托瑞米芬、雷洛昔芬、屈洛昔芬、艾多昔芬,以及选择性雌激素受体调节剂(SERMS),诸如在美国专利第5681835、5877219和6207716号中描述的那些,可用于治疗激素依赖性乳腺癌和其他易感癌症;和促性腺激素释放激素(GnRH)及其类似物,其刺激白细胞化激素(LH)和/或卵泡刺激激素(FSH)的释放,用于治疗前列腺癌,例如LHRH激动剂和拮抗剂诸如醋酸戈舍瑞林和亮丙瑞林(leuprolide));(i)信号转导途径抑制剂;(j)非受体酪氨酸血管生成抑制剂;(k)免疫治疗剂(例如,增加患者肿瘤细胞的免疫原性的离体和体内方法,诸如用细胞因子诸如白细胞介素2、白细胞介素4或粒细胞-巨噬细胞集落刺激因子转染,降低T细胞能量的方法,使用转染的免疫细胞诸如细胞因子转染的树突细胞的方法,使用细胞因子转染的肿瘤细胞系的方法和使用抗独特型抗体的方法);(l)促凋亡剂(例如bcl-2反义寡核苷酸);(m)细胞周期信号传导抑制剂;(n)免疫肿瘤剂和(o)免疫刺激剂。
信号转导途径抑制剂
信号转导途径抑制剂是阻断或抑制引起细胞内变化的化学过程的那些抑制剂。如本文中所使用的,这种变化是细胞增殖或分化。可用于本发明的信号转导抑制剂包括受体酪氨酸激酶、非受体酪氨酸激酶、SH2/SH3结构域阻断剂、丝氨酸/苏氨酸激酶、磷脂酰肌醇-3激酶、肌醇信号传导和Ras致癌基因的抑制剂。
若干蛋白酪氨酸激酶催化在细胞生长的调节中所涉及的多种蛋白中的特定的酪氨酰基残基的磷酸化。这样的蛋白酪氨酸激酶可以被宽泛地归类为受体或非受体激酶。
受体酪氨酸激酶是具有细胞外配体结合结构域、跨膜结构域和酪氨酸激酶结构域的跨膜蛋白。受体酪氨酸激酶参与细胞生长的调节并且通常被称为生长因子受体。这些激酶中的许多不适当的或未受控制的激活,即,异常的激酶生长因子受体活性,例如通过过度表达或突变,已经被示出导致未受控制的细胞生长。因此,这样的激酶的异常活性已经与恶性组织生长有关。因此,这样的激酶的抑制剂可以提供癌症治疗方法。生长因子受体包括,例如,表皮生长因子受体(EGFr)、血小板衍生的生长因子受体(PDGFr)、erbB2、erbB4、ret、血管内皮生长因子受体(VEGFr)、具有免疫球蛋白样和表皮生长因子同源结构域的酪氨酸激酶(TIE-2)、胰岛素生长因子-I(IGFI)受体、巨噬细胞集落刺激因子(cfms)、BTK、ckit、cmet、成纤维细胞生长因子(FGF)受体、Trk受体(TrkA、TrkB和TrkC)、肝配蛋白(eph)受体和RET原癌基因。生长受体的若干抑制剂正在开发中并且包括配体拮抗剂、抗体、酪氨酸激酶抑制剂和反义寡核苷酸。生长因子受体和抑制生长因子受体功能的剂例如在Kath 2000;Shawver 1997;和Lofts 1994中描述。
不是生长因子受体激酶的酪氨酸激酶被称为非受体酪氨酸激酶。是抗癌药物的靶标或潜在的靶标的可用于本发明中的非受体酪氨酸激酶包括cSrc、Lck、Fyn、Yes、Jak、cAbl、FAK(粘着斑激酶)、布鲁顿酪氨酸激酶和Bcr-Abl。这样的非受体激酶和抑制非受体酪氨酸激酶功能的剂在Sinh 1999;和Bolen 1997中描述。
SH2/SH3结构域阻断剂是使在包括PI3-K p85亚基、Src家族激酶、衔接子分子(She、Crk、Nek、Grb2)和Ras-GAP的多种酶或衔接子蛋白中的SH2或SH3结构域结合中断的剂。作为用于抗癌药物的靶标的SH2/SH3结构域在Smithgall 1995中讨论。
丝氨酸/苏氨酸激酶的抑制剂包括:MAP激酶级联阻断剂,其包括Raf激酶(rafk)、有丝分裂原或细胞外调节激酶(MEK)、和细胞外调节激酶(ERK)的阻断剂;以及蛋白激酶C家族成员阻断剂,其包括PKC(α、β、γ、ε、μ、λ、ι、ζ)、IkB激酶家族(IKKa、IKKb)、PKB家族激酶、akt激酶家族成员和TGFβ受体激酶的阻断剂。这样的丝氨酸/苏氨酸激酶及其抑制剂在Yamamoto 1999;Brodt 2000;Massagué1996;Philip 1995;Lackey 2000;美国专利第6268391号;和Martínez-Lacaci 2000中描述。
磷脂酰肌醇-3激酶家族成员的抑制剂,包括Pekinese、ATM、DNA-PK和Ku的阻断剂,也可用于本发明。这样的激酶在Abraham 1996;Canman 1998;Jackson1997;和Zhong 2000中讨论。
在本发明中还有用的是肌醇信号传导抑制剂,诸如磷脂酶C阻断剂和肌醇类似物。这样的信号抑制剂在Powis 1994中描述。
另一组信号转导途径抑制剂是Ras致癌基因的抑制剂。这样的抑制剂包括法尼基转移酶、香叶基-香叶基转移酶和CAAX蛋白酶的抑制剂以及反义寡核苷酸、核酶和免疫疗法。这样的抑制剂已经被示出阻断在包含野生型突变ras的细胞中的ras激活,从而充当抗增殖剂。Ras致癌基因抑制在Scharovsky 2000;Ashby 1998;和Oliff 1999中讨论。
如上所述,对于受体激酶配体结合的抗体拮抗剂也可以用作信号转导抑制剂。该组的信号转导通路抑制剂包括使用针对受体酪氨酸激酶的细胞外配体结合结构域的人源化抗体。例如,Imclone C225 EGFR特异性抗体(参见Green 2000);erbB2抗体(参见Stern 2000);和2CB VEGFR2特异性抗体(参见Brekken 2000)。
非受体酪氨酸血管生成抑制剂
包括非受体MEK血管生成抑制剂的抗血管生成治疗剂也可以是有用的。抗血管生成剂,诸如抑制血管内皮生长因子的作用的那些抗血管生成剂(例如抗血管内皮细胞生长因子抗体贝伐单抗[AvastinTM]、和以其他机制起作用的化合物(例如利诺胺、整联蛋白αvβ3功能抑制剂、内皮抑素和血管抑制素)。
细胞周期信号传导抑制剂
细胞周期信号传导抑制剂抑制参与细胞周期的控制的分子。被称为细胞周期蛋白依赖性激酶(CDK)的蛋白激酶的家族及它们与被称为细胞周期蛋白的蛋白家族的相互作用控制通过真核生物细胞周期的进程。不同的细胞周期蛋白/CDK复合物的配位激活和灭活对于通过细胞周期的正常进程是必要的。细胞周期信号传导的若干抑制剂正在开发中。例如,细胞周期蛋白依赖性激酶(包括CDK2、CDK4和CDK6)及用于它们的抑制剂的实例在例如Rosania 2000中描述。
免疫调节剂
用于与式I的化合物联合或共同施用的其他治疗剂(例如抗肿瘤剂)的另外的实例是免疫调节剂。如本文中所使用的“免疫调节剂”是指任何影响免疫系统的物质,包括单克隆抗体。免疫调节剂可以用作用于治疗癌症的抗肿瘤剂。例如,免疫调节剂包括但不限于抗CTLA-4抗体,诸如伊匹单抗(YERVOY)和抗PD-1抗体(Opdivo/纳武单抗和可瑞达/派姆单抗)。其他免疫调节剂包括但不限于ICOS抗体、OX-40抗体、PD-L1抗体、LAG3抗体、TIM-3抗体、41BB抗体和GITR抗体。
抗PD-L1剂
用于与本发明的化合物联合或共同施用的其他治疗剂(抗肿瘤剂)的另外的实例是抗PD-L1剂。抗PD-L1抗体及其制备方法在本领域中是已知的。这样的针对PD-L1的抗体可以是多克隆的或单克隆的、和/或重组的、和/或人源化的。示例性的PD-L1抗体被公开在美国专利第8217149、8383796、8552154、9212224和8779108号以及美国专利申请公布第2011/0280877、2014/0341902和2013/0045201号中。针对PD-L1(也被称为CD274或B7-H1)的另外的示例性抗体及其使用方法被公开在美国专利第7943743、8168179和7595048号;WO2014/055897、WO2016/007235;以及美国专利申请公布第2013/0034559和2015/0274835号中。PD-L1抗体作为用于治疗癌症的免疫调节剂正在开发中。
在一种实施方案中,针对PD-L1的抗体是在美国专利第8217149号中公开的抗体。在另一种实施方案中,抗PD-L1抗体包含在美国专利第8217149号中公开的抗体的CDRs。在另一种实施方案中,针对PD-L1的抗体是在美国专利第8779108号中公开的抗体。在另一种实施方案中,抗PD-L1抗体包含在美国申请第8779108号中公开的抗体的CDRs。在另一种实施方案中,针对PD-L1的抗体是在美国专利申请公布第2013/0045201号中公开的抗体。在另一种实施方案中,抗PD-L1抗体包含在美国专利申请公布第2013/0045201号中公开的抗体的CDR。在一种实施方案中,抗PD-L1抗体是在WO 2007/005874中描述的BMS-936559(MDX-1105)。在另一种实施方案中,抗PD-L1抗体是MPDL3280A(RG7446)。在另一种实施方案中,抗PD-L1抗体是MEDI4736,其是在WO 2011/066389和US 2013/034559中描述的抗PD-L1单克隆抗体。在另一种实施方案中,抗PD-L1抗体是TECENTRIQTM(阿特珠单抗),其是一种抗PD-L1癌症免疫疗法,于2016年5月在美国被批准用于特定类型的膀胱癌。在另一种实施方案中,抗PD-L1抗体是YW243.55.S70,其是在WO 2010/077634和美国专利第8217149号中描述的抗PD-L1。对本发明的方法有用的抗PD-L1抗体及其制备方法的实例描述在PCT专利申请WO2010/077634、WO 2007/005874、WO 2011/066389、美国专利第8217149号和US 2013/034559中。
PD-1拮抗剂
用于与本发明的化合物联合或共同施用的其他治疗剂(抗肿瘤剂)的另外的实例是PD-1拮抗剂。“PD-1拮抗剂”是指阻断在癌细胞上表达的PD-L1与在免疫细胞(T细胞、B细胞或NKT细胞)上表达的PD-1的结合,并且优选地还阻断在癌细胞上表达的PD-L2与免疫细胞表达的PD-1的结合的任何化学化合物或生物分子。PD-1及其配体的替代名称或同义词包括:对于PD-1,PDCDl、PDl、CD279和SLEB2;对于PD-Ll,PDCDILI、PDLl、B7H1、B7-4、CD274和B7-H;以及对于PD-L2,PDCD1L2、PDL2、B7-DC、Btdc和CD273。在其中将治疗人类个体的本发明的方面或实施方案的任何实施方案中,PD-1拮抗剂阻断人类PD-L1与人类PD-1的结合,并且优选地阻断人类PD-L1和PD-L2两者与人类PD-1的结合。人类PD-1氨基酸序列可以在NCBI基因座第NP 005009号中找到。人类PD-L1和PD-L2氨基酸序列分别可以在NCBI基因座第NP054862和NP 079515号中找到。
可用于本发明的任何方面的PD-1拮抗剂包括单克隆抗体(mAb)或其抗原结合片段,其特异性地结合至PD-1或PD-L1,并且优选地特异性地结合至人类PD-1或人类PD-L1。mAb可以是人类抗体、人源化抗体或嵌合抗体,并且可以包括人类恒定区。在一些实施方案中,人类恒定区选自由IgGl、IgG2、IgG3和IgG4恒定区组成的组,并且在优选的实施方案中,人类恒定区是IgGl或IgG4恒定区。在一些实施方案中,抗原结合片段选自由Fab、Fab'-SH、F(ab')2、scFv和Fv片段组成的组。
结合至人类PD-1并在本发明的各个方面和实施方案中有用的mAb的实例描述在US7488802、US7521051、US8008449、US8354509、US8168757、WO2004/004771、WO2004/072286、WO2004/056875和US2011/0271358中。在本发明的任何方面和实施方案中可用作PD-1拮抗剂的特异性抗人类PD-1mAb包括:MK-3475,一种人源化的IgG4mAb,其具有在WHODrug Information,第27卷,第2期,第161-162页(2013)中描述的结构,并且包含图6所示的重链和轻链氨基酸序列;纳武单抗,一种人类IgG4mAb,其具有在WHO DrugInformation,第27卷,第1期,第68-69页(2013)中描述的结构,并且包含图7所示的重链和轻链氨基酸序列;在WO2008/156712中描述的人源化抗体h409All、h409A16和h409A17,以及正由Medimmune开发的AMP-514。
在本发明的任何方面和实施方案中有用的其他PD-1拮抗剂包括特异性地结合至PD-1,并且优选地特异性地结合至人类PD-1的免疫粘附素,例如包含PD-L1或PD-L2的胞外或PD-1结合部分的融合蛋白,其融合到恒定区诸如免疫球蛋白分子的Fc区。特异性地结合至PD-1的免疫粘附分子的实例在WO2010/027827和WO2011/066342中描述。在本发明的治疗方法、药物和用途中可用作PD-1拮抗剂的特定融合蛋白包括AMP-224(也被称为B7-DCIg),其是PD-L2-FC融合蛋白,并结合至人类PD-1。
结合至人类PD-L1并且可用于本发明的治疗方法、药物和用途中的mAb的其他实例被描述在WO2013/019906、WO2010/077634和US8383796中。在本发明的治疗方法、药物和用途中可用作PD-1拮抗剂的特异性抗人类PD-L1mAb包括MPDL3280A、BMS-936559、MEDI4736、MSB0010718C。
KEYTRUDA/派姆单抗是一种由Merck销售用于治疗肺癌的抗PD-1抗体。派姆单抗的氨基酸序列和使用方法被公开在美国专利第8168757号中。
Opdivo/纳武单抗是由Bristol Myers Squibb销售的一种完全人类单克隆抗体,其针对负性免疫调节性人类细胞表面受体PD-1(程序性死亡-1或程序性细胞死亡-l/PCD-1),具有免疫增强活性。纳武单抗通过其配体PD-L1和PD-L2结合至并阻断PD-1(一种Ig超家族跨膜蛋白)的激活,导致T细胞的激活和针对肿瘤细胞或病原体的细胞介导的免疫应答。活化的PD-1通过抑制PI3K/Akt途径的活化而负调节T细胞激活和效应子功能。纳武单抗的其他名称包括:BMS-936558、MDX-1106和ONO-4538。纳武单抗的氨基酸序列以及使用和制备方法被公开在美国专利第US 8008449号中。
抗ICOS的抗体
用于与式I的化合物联合或共同施用的其他治疗剂(抗肿瘤剂)的另外的实例是抗ICOS的抗体。ICOS是一种共刺激T细胞受体,其结构和功能与CD28/CTLA-4-Ig超家族相关(Hutloff 1999)。ICOS的激活通过被ICOS-L(B7RP-1/B7-H2)的结合发生。B7-1和B7-2(CD28和CTLA4的配体)都不结合或激活ICOS。然而,ICOS-L已经被证明与CD28和CTLA-4两者较弱地结合(Yao 2011)。ICOS的表达表现为限于T细胞。ICOS的表达水平在不同的T细胞亚群之间和在T细胞活化状态上有所不同。已经在静息TH17、滤泡辅助性T细胞(TFH)和调节性T细胞(Treg)上显示了ICOS表达;然而,与CD28不同;它在幼稚的THI和TH2效应T细胞群体中没有被高度表达(Paulos 2010)。在通过TCR参与激活后,在CD4+和CD8+效应T细胞上高度诱导ICOS表达(Wakamatsu 2013)。
在PCT/EP2012/055735(WO 2012/131004)中显示了具有激动活性的针对人类ICOS的鼠抗体的CDR。抗ICOS的抗体也被公开在WO 2008/137915、WO 2010/056804、EP1374902、EP1374901和EP1125585中。抗ICOS或ICOS结合蛋白的激动剂抗体被公开在WO2012/131004、WO2014/033327、WO2016/120789、US20160215059和US20160304610中。在一种实施方案中,抗ICOS的激动剂抗体包括包含以下的一种或更多种的ICOS结合蛋白或其抗原结合部分:如在SEQ ID NO:1中阐述的CDRHl;如在SEQ ID NO:2中阐述的CDRH2;如在SEQ ID NO:3中阐述的CDRH3;如在SEQ ID NO:4中阐述的CDRLl;如在SEQ ID NO:5中阐述的CDRL2和/或如在SEQID NO:6中阐述的CDRL3或每种CDR的直接等同物,其中直接等同物在所述CDR中具有不超过两个氨基酸的取代,如在WO2016/120789中所公开的,其通过引用以其整体并入本文。在一种实施方案中,ICOS结合蛋白或其抗原结合部分是针对ICOS的激动剂抗体,其包含含有与如在WO2016/120789中阐述的SEQ ID NO:7中所列的氨基酸序列至少90%相同的氨基酸序列的VH结构域和/或含有与如在WO2016/120789中阐述的SEQ ID NO:8中所列的氨基酸序列至少90%相同的氨基酸序列的VL结构域,其中所述ICOS结合蛋白特异性地结合至人类ICOS。在一种实施方案中,ICOS结合蛋白是针对ICOS的激动剂抗体,其包含含有如在WO2016/120789中阐述的SEQ ID NO:7中所列的氨基酸序列的VH结构域和含有如在WO2016/120789中阐述的SEQ IDNO:8中所列的氨基酸序列的VL结构域。Yervoy(伊匹单抗)是一种由Bristol Myers Squibb销售的完全人类CTLA-4抗体。伊匹单抗的蛋白质结构和使用方法被描述在美国专利第6984720和7605238号中。
CD134,也被称为OX40,是TNFR受体超家族的成员,不同于CD28,其不在静息幼稚T细胞上组成型表达。OX40是次级共刺激分子,在激活后24至72小时后表达;其配体OX40L也不在静息抗原呈递细胞上表达,但在它们激活后表达。OX40的表达依赖于T细胞的完全激活;在没有CD28的情况下,OX40的表达被延迟,并且表达水平降低四倍。OX-40抗体、OX-40融合蛋白及其使用方法被公开在美国专利第US 7504101;US 7758852;US 7858765;US7550140;US 7960515号;WO2012/027328;WO2013/028231中。在一种实施方案中,OX40抗原结合蛋白是在国际申请日为2011年8月23日的WO2012/027328(PCT/US2011/048752)中公开的OX40抗原结合蛋白。在另一种实施方案中,抗原结合蛋白包含在国际申请日为2011年8月23日的WO2012/027328(PCT/US2011/048752)中公开的抗体的CDR、或与所公开的CDR序列具有90%同一性的CDR。在另外的实施方案中,抗原结合蛋白包含在国际申请日为2011年8月23日的WO2012/027328(PCT/US2011/048752)中公开的抗体的VH、VL或两者、或与所公开的VH或VL序列具有90%同一性的VH或VL。
在另一种实施方案中,OX40抗原结合蛋白被公开在国际申请日为2012年2月9日的WO2013/028231(PCT/US2012/024570)中,其通过引用以其整体并入本文。在另一种实施方案中,抗原结合蛋白包含在国际申请日为2012年2月9日的WO2013/028231(PCT/US2012/024570)中公开的抗体的CDR、或与所公开的CDR序列具有90%同一性的CDR。在另外的实施方案中,抗原结合蛋白包含在国际申请日为2012年2月29日的WO2013/028231(PCT/US2012/024570)中公开的抗体的VH、VL或两者、或与所公开的VH或VL序列具有90%同一性的VH或VL。在一种实施方案中,OX40抗原结合蛋白是分离的针对OX40的激动剂抗体,其包含具有与如在WO2013/028231中阐述的SEQ ID NO:10的氨基酸序列至少90%相同的序列的轻链可变区、和具有与如在WO2013/028231中阐述的SEQ ID NO:4的氨基酸序列至少90%相同的序列的重链可变区。在一种实施方案中,OX40抗原结合蛋白是分离的抗体,其包含含有如在WO2013/028231中阐述的SEQ ID NO:10的氨基酸序列的轻链可变区、和含有如在WO2013/028231中阐述的SEQ ID NO:4的氨基酸序列的重链可变区。
免疫刺激剂
用于与式I的化合物或其盐联合或共同施用的其他治疗剂的另外的实例是免疫刺激剂。如本文中所使用的“免疫刺激剂”是指可以刺激免疫系统的任何剂。如本文中所使用的免疫刺激剂包括但不限于疫苗佐剂,诸如Toll样受体激动剂、T细胞检查点阻断剂,诸如针对PD-1和CTL4的mAb和T细胞检查点激动剂,诸如针对OX-40和ICOS的激动剂mAb。如本文中所使用的“免疫刺激剂”是指可以刺激免疫系统的任何剂。如本文中所使用的免疫刺激剂包括但不限于疫苗佐剂。
如本文中所使用的术语“Toll样受体”(或“TLR”)是指Toll样受体蛋白家族的成员或其片段,其感知微生物产物和/或启动适应性免疫应答。在一种实施方案中,TLR激活树突状细胞(DC)。Toll样受体(TLR)是模式识别受体家族,其最初被鉴定为识别微生物病原体的先天性免疫系统的传感器。TLR识别微生物中不同的结构,通常被称为“PAMP”(病原体相关的分子模式)。配体与TLR的结合引发了一系列细胞内信号传导通路,这些细胞内信号传导通路诱导参与炎症和免疫的因子的产生。在人类中,已经鉴定出10种TLR。在细胞的表面上表达的TLR包括TLR-1、TLR-2、TLR-4、TLR-5和TLR-6,而TLR-3、TLR-7/8和TLR-9表达于ER区室。可以基于不同的TLR表达模式来识别人类DC亚群。举例来说,髓样或“常规”的DC亚群(mDC)在受到刺激时表达TLR 1–TLR 8,并且产生一系列的活化标记物(例如CD80、CD86、MHCI类和II类、CCR7)、促炎细胞因子和趋化因子。这种刺激和产生的表达的结果是抗原特异性CD4+和CD8+T细胞启动。这些DC获得了吸收抗原并将其以适当的形式呈递给T细胞的增强的能力。相比之下,浆细胞样DC亚群(pDC)在激活时仅表达TLR7和TLR9,导致NK细胞以及T细胞的激活。由于死亡的肿瘤细胞可能不利地影响DC功能,因此已经提出,用TLR激动剂激活DC可能有利于在治疗癌症的免疫疗法中引发抗肿瘤免疫。也已经提出,使用放疗和化疗成功治疗乳腺癌需要TLR4激活。
本领域中已知并发现在本发明中使用的TLR激动剂包括但不限于以下:Pam3Cys,TLRl/2激动剂;CFA,TLR2激动剂;MALP2,TLR2激动剂;Pam2Cys,TLR2激动剂;FSL-I,TLR-2激动剂;Hib-OMPC,TLR-2激动剂;聚肌苷酸:聚胞苷酸(Poly I:C),TLR3激动剂;聚腺苷-聚尿苷酸(poly AU),TLR3激动剂;用聚赖氨酸和羧甲基纤维素稳定的聚肌苷酸-聚胞苷酸(Hiltonol),TLR3激动剂;细菌鞭毛蛋白,TLR5激动剂;咪喹莫特,TLR7激动剂;瑞喹莫德,TLR7/8激动剂;洛索立宾,TLR7/8激动剂;和非甲基化CpG二核苷酸(CpG-ODN),TLR9激动剂。
本领域中已知并发现在本发明中使用的另外的TLR激动剂还包括但不限于与TLR4受体结合的氨基烷基氨基葡糖苷磷酸酯(AGP),已知其可用作疫苗佐剂和免疫刺激剂,用于刺激细胞因子产生、激活巨噬细胞、促进先天性免疫应答和增强免疫动物中的抗体产生。天然存在的TLR4激动剂的实例是细菌LPS。半合成TLR4激动剂的实例是单磷酰基脂质A(MPL)。AGP及其通过TLR4的免疫调节作用在专利公布诸如WO 2006/016997、WO 2001/090129和/或美国专利第6113918号中公开,并已经在文献中报道。另外的AGP衍生物被公开在美国专利第7129219号、美国专利第6525028号和美国专利第6911434号中。某些AGP充当TLR4的激动剂,而另一些AGP被认为是TLR4的拮抗剂。
除了上文描述的免疫刺激剂之外,本发明的组合物还可以包含其他治疗剂,由于其佐剂性质,所述其他治疗剂可以用于刺激免疫系统以对灭活的肿瘤细胞上存在的癌症抗原作出反应。这样的佐剂包括但不限于脂质、脂质体、诱导先天性免疫的灭活细菌(例如灭活的或减毒的单核细胞增多性李斯特氏菌(Listeria monocytogenes))、通过(NOD)样受体(NLR)、视黄酸诱导的基于基因的(RIG)-I样受体(RLR)和/或C型凝集素受体(CLR)介导先天性免疫激活的组合物。PAMP的实例包括脂蛋白、脂多肽、肽聚糖、酵母多糖、脂多糖、奈瑟氏球菌孔蛋白、鞭毛蛋白、profillin、半乳糖神经酰胺、胞壁酰二肽。肽聚糖、脂蛋白和脂磷壁酸是革兰氏阳性菌的细胞壁成分。脂多糖由大多数细菌表达,其中MPL是一个实例。鞭毛蛋白是指由致病细菌和共生细菌分泌的细菌鞭毛的结构成分,rt-半乳糖神经酰胺(rt.-GalCer)是自然杀伤T(NKT)细胞的激活剂。胞壁酰二肽是所有细菌共有的生物活性肽聚糖基序。
由于其佐剂性质,TLR激动剂优选地与其他疫苗、佐剂和/或免疫调节剂组合使用,并且可以以各种组合方式组合。因此,在某些实施方案中,本文所述的结合至STING并诱导STING依赖性TBKI活化的式I的化合物和表达并分泌一种或更多种刺激DC诱导、募集和/或成熟的细胞因子的灭活肿瘤细胞,如本文所述,可以与一种或更多种TLR激动剂一起施用用于治疗目的。
吲哚胺2,3-双加氧酶1(IDO1)是一种关键的免疫抑制酶,其通过促进调节性T细胞的产生和阻断效应性T细胞的激活来调节抗肿瘤免疫应答,从而通过允许癌细胞逃避免疫监视来促进肿瘤生长(Lemos 2016;Munn 2016)。用于与目前发明的式I的化合物联合或共同施用的其他活性成分(抗肿瘤剂)是IDO抑制剂。Epacadostat((Z)-N-(3-溴-4-氟苯基)-N'-羟基-4-[2-(氨磺酰基氨基)乙氨基]-l,2,5-噁二唑-3-甲酰胺)是IDO1酶的一种高效和选择性口服抑制剂,其逆转肿瘤相关的免疫抑制并恢复有效的抗肿瘤免疫应答。Epacadostat在美国专利第8034953号中公开。
用于与式I的化合物联合或共同施用的其他治疗剂(抗肿瘤剂)的另外的实例是CD73抑制剂和A2a和A2b腺苷拮抗剂。
式I的化合物及其药学上可接受的盐可以与至少一种可用于预防或治疗细菌和病毒感染的其他治疗剂联合使用。这样的剂的实例包括但不限于:聚合酶抑制剂,诸如在WO2004/037818中公开的那些、以及在WO 2004/037818和WO 2006/045613中公开的那些;JTK-003、JTK-019、NM-283、HCV-796、R-803、R1728、R1626、以及在WO 2006/018725、WO2004/074270、WO 2003/095441、US2005/0176701、WO 2006/020082、WO 2005/080388、WO2004/064925、WO 2004/065367、WO 2003/007945、WO 02/04425、WO 2005/014543、WO 2003/000254、EP 1065213、WO 01/47883、WO 2002/057287、WO 2002/057245中公开的那些及类似剂;复制抑制剂,诸如阿昔洛韦、泛昔洛韦、更昔洛韦、西多福韦、拉米夫定及类似剂;蛋白酶抑制剂,诸如HIV蛋白酶抑制剂沙奎那韦、利托那韦、茚地那韦、奈非那韦、安普那韦、膦沙那韦、brecanavir、阿扎那韦、替拉那韦、帕利那韦、lasinavir和HCV蛋白酶抑制剂BILN2061、VX-950、SCH503034及类似剂;核苷和核苷酸逆转录酶抑制剂,诸如齐多夫定、地达诺新、拉米夫定、扎西他滨、阿巴卡韦、司他夫定、阿德福韦、阿德福韦地匹福酯、福齐夫定、todoxil、恩曲他滨、阿洛夫定、安多昔韦、艾夫他滨、富马酸替诺福韦二吡呋酯、富马酸/半富马酸替诺福韦艾拉酚胺及类似剂;非核苷逆转录酶抑制剂(包括具有抗氧化活性的剂,诸如immunocal、奥替普拉等)诸如奈韦拉平、地拉韦啶、依非韦仑、洛韦胺、immunocal、奥替普拉、卡普韦林(capravirine)、TMC-278、TMC-125、依曲韦林、利匹维林及类似剂;进入抑制剂,诸如恩福韦肽(T-20)、T-1249、PRO-542、PRO-140、TNX-355、BMS-806、5-Helix及类似剂;整合酶抑制剂,诸如度鲁特韦、埃替格韦、雷特格韦L-870、180及类似剂;出芽抑制剂,诸如PA-344和PA-457及类似剂;趋化因子受体抑制剂,诸如vicriviroc(Sch-C)、Sch-D、TAK779、马拉韦罗(UK-427,857)、TAK449、以及在WO 02/74769、WO 2004/054974、WO 2004/055012、WO 2004/055010、WO2004/0555016、WO 2004/055011和2004/054581中公开的那些及类似剂;药代动力学增强剂,诸如可比司他;神经氨酸酶抑制剂,诸如CS-8958、扎那米韦、奥司他韦、帕拉米韦及类似剂;离子通道阻滞剂,诸如金刚烷胺或金刚乙胺和类似剂;以及干扰RNA和反义寡核苷酸,和诸如ISIS-14803及类似剂;作用机制未确定的抗病毒剂,例如在WO2005/105761、WO 2003/085375、WO 2006/122011中公开的那些、利巴韦林及类似剂。式I的化合物及其药学上可接受的盐也可以与可用于治疗卡波西肉瘤相关疱疹病毒感染(KSHV和KSHV相关)的其他治疗剂联合使用,包括但不限于化疗剂诸如博莱霉素、长春碱、长春新碱、环磷酰胺、泼尼松、阿利维A酸和脂质体蒽环类药物诸如多柔比星、柔红霉素、免疫治疗剂诸如利妥昔单抗、托珠单抗、司妥昔单抗和其他剂诸如紫杉醇和雷帕霉素。
在本发明的一种实施方案中,至少一种其他治疗剂是抗分枝杆菌剂或杀菌抗生素。式I的化合物及其药学上可接受的盐也可以与至少一种可用于治疗TB感染(结核分枝杆菌)和兔热病(土拉弗朗西斯菌)的其他治疗剂联合使用,包括但不限于一线口服剂异烟肼、利福平、吡嗪酰胺、乙胺丁醇、链霉素、利福布丁;注射剂,包括卡那霉素、阿米卡星、卷曲霉素、链霉素;氟喹诺酮类,包括左氧氟沙星、莫西沙星、氧氟沙星;口服抑菌剂对氨基水杨酸、环丝氨酸、特立齐酮、硫酰胺、丙硫异烟胺;SQ-109、PNU-100480,利福喷丁、利奈唑胺、PA-824、AZD5847、加替沙星、莫西沙星,Sirturo(贝达喹啉)、迪拉马尼(OPC-67683)和作用机制未确定的治疗耐药TB的剂,包括氯法齐明、利奈唑胺、阿莫西林/克拉维酸、胺苯硫脲、亚胺培南/西司他丁、高剂量异烟肼、克拉霉素、环丙沙星。式I的化合物及其药学上可接受的盐也可以与抗分枝杆菌剂(诸如异烟肼(INH)、乙胺丁醇利福平和吡嗪酰胺(PZA))、杀菌抗生素(诸如利福布丁或利福喷丁)、氨基糖苷类氟喹诺酮类(左氧氟沙星、莫西沙星、氧氟沙星)、硫代酰胺(乙硫异烟胺)、环孢菌素对氨基水杨酸环丝氨酸卡那霉素链霉素、紫霉素、卷曲霉素)、富马酸苯达喹啉噁唑烷酮PNU-100480或迪拉马尼(OPC-67683)联合使用。
式I的化合物及其药学上可接受的盐也可以与至少一种可用于治疗衣原体的其他治疗剂联合使用,包括但不限于阿奇霉素、多西环素、红霉素、左氧氟沙星、氧氟沙星。
本发明的化合物也可以与至少一种可用于治疗疟原虫感染的其他治疗剂联合使用,包括但不限于氯喹、阿托伐醌-氯胍、蒿甲醚-苯芴醇、甲氟喹、奎宁、奎尼丁、多西环素、克林霉素、青蒿琥酯、伯氨喹。
在肌萎缩性侧索硬化(ALS)的治疗中,式I的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐可以与谷氨酸阻滞剂(利鲁唑)、奎尼丁抗胆碱能药((东莨菪碱贴剂(Transderm))、拟交感神经药(伪麻黄碱)、粘液溶解剂(愈创甘油醚)或镇痛药(曲马多)酮咯酸吗啡;芬太尼贴剂)联合使用。
在多发性硬化的治疗中,式I的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐可以与皮质类固醇(泼尼松、甲基强的松龙)、干扰素β1-A聚乙二醇干扰素β-IΑ醋酸格拉默醋酸格拉默(-科帕松的一般等价物);富马酸二甲酯芬戈莫德);特立氟胺达伐吡啶达克珠单抗(Zinbryta);阿仑单抗那他珠单抗或盐酸米托蒽醌联合使用。
本发明的化合物也可以用作佐剂,以在有相应需要的患者,特别是人类中改善对任何给定抗原引起的免疫应答和/或降低反应原性/毒性。因此,本发明的化合物可以与疫苗组合物联合使用,以修饰(特别是增强)免疫应答,例如通过增加保护的水平或持续时间和/或允许降低抗原剂量来修饰(特别是增强)免疫应答。
式I的化合物及其药学上可接受的盐可以与一种或更多种可用于预防或治疗病毒感染的疫苗或免疫原性抗原联合使用。这样的疫苗或免疫原性抗原包括但不限于病原体衍生的蛋白质或颗粒,诸如减毒病毒、病毒颗粒和通常用作免疫原性物质的病毒蛋白。病毒和病毒抗原的实例包括但不限于脊髓灰质炎病毒、冠状病毒科和冠状病毒、鼻病毒(所有亚型)、腺病毒(所有亚型)、甲型肝炎、乙型肝炎、丙型肝炎、丁型肝炎、人乳头瘤病毒(包括所有亚型)、狂犬病病毒、人类T细胞嗜淋巴细胞病毒(所有亚型)、风疹病毒、腮腺炎病毒、柯萨奇病毒A(所有亚型)、柯萨奇病毒B(所有亚型)、人类肠道病毒、疱疹病毒(包括巨细胞病毒)、爱泼斯坦-巴尔病毒、人类疱疹病毒(所有亚型)、单纯疱疹病毒、水痘带状疱疹病毒、人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)(所有亚型)、爱泼斯坦-巴尔病毒、呼肠孤病毒(所有亚型)、丝状病毒(包括马尔堡病毒和埃博拉病毒(所有毒株))、沙粒病毒(包括淋巴细胞性脉络丛脑膜炎病毒、拉沙病毒、胡宁病毒和马楚波病毒)、虫媒病毒(包括西尼罗病毒、登革热病毒(所有血清型)、寨卡病毒、科罗拉多蜱热病毒、辛德比斯病毒、披膜病毒科、黄病毒科、布尼亚病毒科、呼肠孤病毒科、弹状病毒科、正粘病毒科、痘病毒,包括正痘病毒(天花病毒、猴痘病毒、痘苗病毒、牛痘病毒)、塔痘病毒属(特纳河痘病毒、亚巴猴肿瘤病毒)、副痘病毒属、软疣痘病毒属、黄热病、汉坦病毒(包括汉坦病毒、汉城病毒、多布拉伐病毒、Sin Nombre病毒、普马拉病毒和类似多布拉伐病毒的萨拉马病毒)、人副流感病毒和流感病毒(所有类型)、HlNl流感和猪流感病毒、呼吸道合胞病毒(所有亚组)、轮状病毒(包括人类轮状病毒A-E、牛轮状病毒、恒河猴轮状病毒)、多瘤病毒(包括猿猴病毒40、JC病毒、BK病毒、科蜱病毒属、依埃契病毒、calciviruses)和细小病毒科(包括依赖病毒、细小病毒和红病毒)。
因此,本发明提供了一种免疫原性组合物,其包含抗原或抗原组合物和式I的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐。还提供了一种疫苗组合物,其包含抗原或抗原组合物和式I的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐。式I的化合物及其药学上可接受的盐也可以与至少一种可用于预防或治疗病毒感染的其他治疗剂联合使用,例如免疫疗法(例如干扰素或其他细胞因子/趋化因子、细胞因子/趋化因子受体调节剂、细胞因子激动剂或拮抗剂及类似剂);以及治疗性疫苗、抗纤维变性剂、抗炎剂诸如皮质类固醇或NSAID(非甾体抗炎药)及类似剂。
调节STING的化合物,特别是式I的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐,可以与其他抗炎剂联合施用,所述其他抗炎剂包括口服或局部用皮质类固醇、抗TNF剂、5-氨基水杨酸和美沙拉嗪制品、羟氯喹、硫嘌呤、甲氨蝶呤、环磷酰胺、环孢菌素、钙调神经磷酸酶抑制剂、霉酚酸、mTOR抑制剂、JAK抑制剂、Syk抑制剂、抗炎生物制剂,包括抗IL6生物制剂、抗ILl剂、抗IL17生物制剂、抗CD22、抗整合素剂,抗IFNa、抗CD20或CD4生物制剂以及其他细胞因子抑制剂或针对T细胞或B细胞受体或白介素的生物制剂。
例如,在系统性红斑狼疮和相关狼疮紊乱的治疗中,调节STING的化合物,特别是式I的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐,可以与至少一种其他治疗剂联合施用,所述其他治疗剂包括皮质类固醇(诸如泼尼松龙(Orapred、Millipred、醋酸泼尼松龙(Omnipred)、醋酸泼尼松龙(Econopred)、Flo-Pred)、免疫抑制剂(诸如甲氨蝶呤地塞米松霉酚酸酯 B细胞疗法(贝利单抗B细胞抑制剂((抗CD22)、SBI-087(抗CD20)、抗BAFF抗体(LY2127399、A623)、))、硫唑嘌呤曲安奈德羟氯喹沙利度胺 免疫球蛋白疗法 抗干扰素-α疗法(IFN Kinoid)、TLR7和TLR9阻滞剂(IMO-3100)、抗细胞因子疗法(抗IL6(CNTO-136)、抗干扰素γ(AMG811)、免疫调节疗法(LupuzorTM、阿巴西普、AMG557、拉喹莫德、Paquinimod、来氟米特、抗ICOS(Medi-570)、抗CD40配体抗体(CDP7657))和/或血小板聚集抑制剂(阿司匹林)。
在银屑病的治疗中,调节STING的化合物,特别是式I的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐,可以与依克珠单抗(ixekizumab)、替拉珠单抗(tildrakizumab)(MK-3222)或苏金单抗(AIN457)联合施用。在本发明的一种实施方案中,至少一种其他治疗剂选自吸入性皮质类固醇、长效β激动剂、吸入性皮质类固醇和长效β激动剂的组合、短效β激动剂、白三烯调节剂、抗IgE、甲基黄嘌呤支气管扩张剂、肥大细胞抑制剂和长效毒蕈碱拮抗剂。例如,在哮喘的治疗中,抑制STING的化合物,特别是式I的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐可以与以下联合施用:吸入性皮质类固醇((ICS)诸如丙酸氟替卡松丙酸倍氯米松布地奈德(普米克)、曲安奈德氟尼缩松糠酸莫美他松或环索奈德)、长效β激动剂((LABA)诸如富马酸福莫特罗昔美酸沙美特罗)、ICS和LABA的组合(诸如糠酸氟替卡松和维朗特罗(Breo)、福莫特罗/布地奈德吸入剂二丙酸倍氯米松/福莫特罗和丙酸氟替卡松/沙美特罗短效β激动剂((SABA)诸如沙丁胺醇硫酸盐(ProventilVentolin吸入溶液)、左旋沙丁胺醇酒石酸盐(HFA)、异丙托溴铵/沙丁胺醇异丙托溴铵(HFA)、白三烯调节剂(诸如孟鲁司特钠扎鲁司特或齐留通和抗IgE(诸如奥马珠单抗)、甲基黄嘌呤支气管扩张剂(诸如茶碱 肥大细胞抑制剂(诸如色甘酸钠和奈多罗米钠)、长效毒蕈碱拮抗剂((LAMA)诸如糠酸莫米他松/富马酸福莫特罗二水合物)。
可以适用于治疗哮喘的联合疗法的其他剂包括蛋白酪氨酸激酶抑制剂(马西替尼)、CRTH2/D-前列腺素受体拮抗剂(AMG 853)、茚达特罗肾上腺素吸入气雾剂(E004)、糠酸氟替卡松/丙酸氟替卡松、vinanterol吸入剂/糠酸氟替卡松粉(RelovairTM)、丙酸氟替卡松/富马酸福莫特罗脱水剂瑞利珠单抗、沙丁胺醇干粉吸入剂、噻托溴铵福莫特罗/布地奈德糠酸氟替卡松Vectura的VR506、lebrikizumab(RG3637)、磷酸二酯酶(PDE)-3和(PDE)-4抑制剂的组合(RPL554)。
在本发明的一种实施方案中,至少一种其他治疗剂选自长效β激动剂、长效吸入性抗胆碱能或毒蕈碱拮抗剂、磷酸二酯酶抑制剂、吸入性皮质类固醇长效β激动剂、短效β激动剂和吸入性皮质类固醇的组合。例如,在COPD的治疗中,调节STING的化合物,特别是式I的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐,可以与以下联合施用:LABA(诸如昔美酸沙美特罗(Serevent)、芜地溴铵/维朗特罗(Anoro)、芜地溴铵(Incruse)、酒石酸福莫特罗富马酸福莫特罗吸入粉马来酸茚达特罗或丙酸氟替卡松/脱水富马酸福莫特罗)、长效吸入性抗胆碱能药(或毒蕈碱拮抗剂,诸如噻托溴铵和阿地溴铵磷酸二酯酶(PDE-r)抑制剂(诸如罗氟司特、)、组合ICS/LABA(诸如糠酸氟替卡松和维朗特罗(Breo)、丙酸氟替卡松/沙美特罗布地奈德/福莫特罗莫米松/福莫特罗异丙托溴铵/硫酸沙丁胺醇沙丁胺醇/异丙托铵(Combivent))、SABA(诸如异丙托溴铵和硫酸沙丁胺醇)和ICS(诸如布地奈德和氟替卡松丙酸酯倍氯米松二丙酸酯
可以适用于治疗COPD的联合疗法的其他剂包括SCH527123(一种CXCR2拮抗剂)、格隆溴铵((NVA237))、格隆溴铵和马来酸茚达特罗((QVA149))、格隆溴铵和富马酸福莫特罗(PT003)、马来酸吲达卡特罗(QVA149)、奥达特罗噻托溴铵/奥达特罗和阿地溴铵/福莫特罗吸入剂。
在本发明的一种实施方案中,至少一种其他治疗剂选自口服皮质类固醇、抗胸腺细胞球蛋白、沙利度胺、苯丁酸氮芥、钙通道阻滞剂、局部润肤剂、ACE抑制剂、5-羟色胺再摄取抑制剂、内皮素-1受体抑制剂、抗纤维化剂、质子泵抑制剂或伊马替尼、ARG201和托珠单抗。例如,在系统性硬皮病的治疗中,调节STING的化合物,特别是式I的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐可以与以下联合施用:口服皮质类固醇(诸如泼尼松龙(Orapred、Millipred、Omnipred、Econopred、Flo-Pred)、免疫抑制剂(诸如甲氨蝶呤环孢菌素抗胸腺细胞球蛋白霉酚酸酯环磷酰胺FK506(他克莫司)、沙利度胺苯丁酸氮芥硫唑嘌呤)、钙通道阻滞剂(诸如硝苯地平或尼卡地平局部润肤剂(硝酸甘油软膏)、ACE抑制剂(诸如赖诺普利地尔硫卓(CardizemCardizem))、5-羟色胺再摄取抑制剂(诸如氟西汀)、内皮素-1受体抑制剂(诸如波生坦或依前列醇)、抗纤维化药(诸如秋水仙碱对氨基苯甲酸(PABA)、二甲基亚砜(DMSO)和D-青霉胺干扰素α和干扰素γ(INF-g))、质子泵抑制剂(诸如奥美拉唑胃复安兰索拉唑埃索美拉唑泮托拉唑雷贝拉唑)或伊马替尼ARG201(arGentisPharmaceutical)、贝利单抗托珠单抗
在干燥综合征的治疗中,调节STING的化合物,特别是式I的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐,可以与抗风湿剂(羟氯喹和)、胆碱能激动剂JAK抑制剂(和抗TNF治疗剂联合施用。在本发明的一种实施方案中,至少一种其他治疗剂是睫状神经营养生长因子或基因转移剂。例如,在色素性视网膜炎的治疗中,调节STING的化合物,特别是式I的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐可以与睫状神经营养生长因子(NT-501-CNTF)或基因转移剂联合施用。
在本发明的一种实施方案中,至少一种其他治疗剂选自三价(IIV3)灭活流感疫苗、四价(IIV4)灭活流感疫苗、三价重组流感疫苗、四价减毒活流感疫苗、抗病毒剂或灭活流感疫苗。例如,在流感的治疗中,调节STING的化合物,特别是式I的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐,可以与以下联合施用:三价(IIV3)灭活流感疫苗(诸如)、四价(IIV4)灭活流感疫苗(诸如Quadrivalent,Quadrivalent,Quadrivalent)、三价重组流感疫苗(诸如)、四价减毒活流感疫苗(诸如Quadrivalent)、抗病毒剂(诸如奥司他韦扎那米韦金刚乙胺或金刚烷胺)、或Fludase、Preflucel或
在葡萄球菌感染的治疗中,调节STING的化合物,特别是式I的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐,可以与抗生素(诸如β-内酰胺头孢菌素( 等)、萘夫西林磺胺类药物(磺胺甲噁唑和甲氧苄啶柳氮磺胺吡啶乙酰磺胺异噁唑等)或万古霉素)联合施用。
在本发明的一种实施方案中,至少一种其他治疗剂选自局部免疫调节剂或钙调神经磷酸酶抑制剂、局部皮质类固醇、口服皮质类固醇、干扰素γ、抗组胺药或抗生素。例如,在特应性皮炎的治疗中,调节STING的化合物,特别是式I的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐,可以与以下联合施用:局部免疫调节剂或钙调神经磷酸酶抑制剂(诸如吡美莫司或他克莫司软膏)、局部皮质类固醇(诸如氢化可的松倍他米松氟氢缩松氟替卡松曲安奈德氟轻松醋酸酯和氯倍他索)、口服皮质类固醇(诸如氢化可的松甲基泼尼松龙或泼尼松龙免疫抑制剂(诸如环孢菌素或干扰素γ( IntronA、))、抗组胺药(用于治疗瘙痒, )、抗生素(诸如青霉素衍生物氟氯西林或双氯西林红霉素(等))、非甾体类免疫抑制剂(诸如硫唑嘌呤(azathioprine)甲氨蝶呤环孢菌素或霉酚酸酯)。
本发明的化合物也可以作为佐剂与疫苗一起配制以调节其活性。这样的组合物可以包含抗体或抗体片段或抗原成分,包括但不限于蛋白质、DNA、活的或死的细菌和/或病毒或病毒样颗粒,以及一种或更多种具有佐剂活性的成分,包括但不限于铝盐、油和水乳液、热休克蛋白、脂质A制品和衍生物、糖脂、其他TLR激动剂诸如CpG DNA或类似剂、细胞因子诸如GM-CSF或IL-12或类似剂。在本发明的另外的方面,提供了一种疫苗佐剂,包含式I的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐。还提供了一种疫苗组合物,包含式I的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐和抗原或抗原组合物。
治疗方法
本发明的化合物可以用在治疗方法中。还提供了一种治疗方法,包括向需要治疗的受试者施用治疗有效量的本发明的化合物。术语“治疗有效量”是足以显示对患者的益处的量。这样的益处可以是至少改善至少一种症状。施用的实际量以及施用的速率和时程将取决于所治疗的状况的性质和严重程度。治疗处方,例如关于剂量的决定,在普通医师(general practitioners)和其他医学医师的责任内。
施用
活性化合物或包含活性化合物的药物组合物可以通过任何方便的施用途径被施用至受试者,无论是全身性地/外周地或在期望的作用部位处,包括但不限于:口服(例如,通过摄入);局部(包括例如经皮、鼻内、眼睛、口腔和舌下);肺(例如,通过使用例如气雾剂,例如经由口或鼻的吸入或吹入疗法);直肠;阴道;肠胃外,例如通过注射,包括皮下、真皮内、肌内、静脉内、动脉内、心内、鞘内、脊柱内、囊内、囊下、眼眶内、腹膜内、气管内、表皮下、关节内、蛛网膜下、玻璃体内和胸骨内;通过植入储库(depot),例如,通过皮下地、玻璃体内或肌内地植入储库。受试者可以是真核生物、动物、脊椎动物、哺乳动物、啮齿动物(例如豚鼠、仓鼠、大鼠、小鼠)、鼠(例如小鼠)、犬科动物(例如狗)、猫科动物(例如猫)、马科动物(例如马)、灵长类动物、猿猴类(例如猴或猿)、猴(例如狨猴、狒狒)、猿(例如大猩猩、黑猩猩、猩猩、长臂猿)或人类。
在其中治疗肿瘤的一个实施方案中,可以使用瘤内注射。
制剂
虽然活性化合物可以单独施用,但优选的是将其作为药物组合物(例如制剂)呈现,该药物组合物包含至少一种如上文定义的活性化合物、以及一种或更多种药学上可接受的载体、佐剂、赋形剂、稀释剂、填充剂、缓冲剂、稳定剂、防腐剂、润滑剂或本领域技术人员熟知的其他材料、以及任选地其他治疗剂或预防剂。
因此,本发明还提供了如上文定义的药物组合物,以及制备药物组合物的方法,包括将至少一种如上文定义的活性化合物与一种或更多种药学上可接受的载体、赋形剂、缓冲剂、佐剂、稳定剂或如本文所述的其他材料混合。
如本文中所使用的术语“药学上可接受的”是指在合理医学判断的范围内的化合物、材料、组合物和/或剂型,其适合用于与受试者(人类)的组织接触,而没有过度毒性、刺激、过敏反应或其他问题或并发症,与合理的益处/风险比率相称。在与制剂的其他成分相容的意义上,每种载体、赋形剂等也必须是“可接受的”。
合适的载体、赋形剂等可以在标准的制药教科书中找到,例如,雷氏药学大全,第18版,Mack出版社(Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences,18th edition,MackPublishing Company),Easton,Pa.,1990。
制剂可以便利地以单位剂型呈现,并且可以通过药学领域公知的任何方法制备。这样的方法包括使活性化合物与构成一种或更多种辅助成分的载体结合的步骤。通常,通过以下来制备制剂:使活性化合物与液体载体或细分的固体载体或两者均匀地和紧密地结合,并且然后如果需要,使产品成形。
制剂可以呈液体、溶液、悬浮液、乳液、酏剂、糖浆、片剂、锭剂、颗粒、粉末、胶囊、扁囊剂、丸剂、安瓿剂、栓剂、阴道栓剂、软膏、凝胶、糊剂、乳膏、喷雾剂、薄雾、泡沫、洗液、油、丸剂、糖饵剂或气雾剂的形式。
适合于口服施用(例如通过摄入)的制剂可以作为以下呈现:离散的单位,诸如胶囊、小袋或片剂,每份包含预定量的活性化合物;粉末或颗粒;在水性液体或非水性液体中的溶液或悬浮液;或水包油液体乳液或油包水液体乳液;丸剂(bolus);干药糖剂(electuary);或糊剂。
片剂可以通过常规方式例如压制或模制任选地与一种或更多种辅助成分一起来制备。压制的片剂可以通过在合适的机器中压制自由流动形式的活性化合物诸如粉末或颗粒来制备,任选地与一种或更多种粘合剂(例如聚维酮、明胶、阿拉伯胶、山梨醇、黄蓍胶、羟丙基甲基纤维素);填充剂或稀释剂(例如乳糖、微晶纤维素、磷酸氢钙);润滑剂(例如硬脂酸镁、滑石、二氧化硅);崩解剂(例如淀粉羟乙酸钠、交联聚维酮、交联羧甲基纤维素钠);表面活性剂或分散剂或湿润剂(例如十二烷基硫酸钠);和防腐剂(例如对羟基苯甲酸甲酯、对羟基苯甲酸丙酯、山梨酸)混合。模制的片剂可以通过在合适的机器中模制用惰性液体稀释剂润湿的粉末化的化合物的混合物来制备。片剂可以任选地被包衣或刻痕,并且可以被配制以便使用例如不同比例的羟丙基甲基纤维素提供活性化合物在其中的缓慢或受控的释放,以提供所需的释放概况。片剂可以任选地设置有肠溶包衣,以提供在除了胃以外的肠的部分中的释放。
适合于局部施用(例如透皮、鼻内、眼内、颊和舌下)的制剂可以被配制成软膏、乳膏、悬浮液、洗液、粉末、溶液、糊剂、凝胶、喷雾剂、气雾剂或油。可选地,制剂可以包含用活性化合物和任选地一种或更多种赋形剂或稀释剂浸渍的贴剂或敷料,诸如绷带或胶布。
适合于在口中局部施用的制剂包括锭剂,所述锭剂在调味基底(通常为蔗糖和阿拉伯胶或黄蓍胶)中包含活性化合物;含片,所述含片在惰性基底诸如明胶和甘油、或蔗糖和阿拉伯胶中包含活性化合物;以及漱口剂,所述漱口剂在合适的液体载体中包含活性化合物。
适合于局部施用至眼部的制剂还包括滴眼液,其中活性化合物被溶解或悬浮在合适的载体中,特别是用于活性化合物的水性溶剂中。
其中载体是固体的适合于经鼻施用的制剂包括具有例如在约20微米到约500微米的范围的粒径的粗粉末,其以服用嗅剂的方式被施用,即,通过从保持紧密接近鼻子的粉末的容器中快速吸入通过鼻腔。作为例如鼻喷雾、鼻滴剂或通过经由雾化器的气雾剂施用的其中载体是液体的合适制剂包括活性化合物的水性溶液或油性溶液。
适合于通过吸入施用的制剂包括那些通过使用合适的推进剂从加压包装作为气溶胶喷雾呈现的制剂,所述推进剂诸如二氯二氟甲烷、三氯氟甲烷、二氯四氟乙烷、二氧化碳或其他合适的气体。
适合于通过皮肤局部施用的制剂包括软膏、乳膏和乳液。当被配制成软膏时,活性化合物可以任选地与石蜡或水可混溶性软膏基质一起使用。可选地,活性化合物可以用水包油乳膏基质配制成乳膏。如果需要,乳膏基质的水相可以包括例如至少约30%w/w的多元醇,即具有两个或更多个羟基基团的醇,诸如丙二醇、1,3-丁二醇、甘露醇、山梨醇、甘油和聚乙二醇及其混合物。局部制剂可以期望地包括增强活性化合物通过皮肤或其他受影响区域的吸收或渗透的化合物。这样的皮肤渗透促进剂的实例包括二甲亚砜和相关的类似物。
当配制成局部用乳液时,油相可以任选地仅包含乳化剂(emulsifier)(也被称为乳化剂(emulgent)),或者它可以包含至少一种乳化剂与脂肪或油或脂肪和油两者的混合物。优选地,亲水性乳化剂与充当稳定剂的亲脂性乳化剂一起被包含。还优选的是包括油和脂肪两者。总之,含有稳定剂或不含稳定剂的乳化剂构成所谓的乳化蜡,并且蜡与油和/或脂肪一起构成所谓的乳化软膏基质,其形成乳膏制剂的油性分散相。
合适的乳化剂和乳液稳定剂包括吐温60、司盘80、鲸蜡硬脂醇、肉豆蔻醇、单硬脂酸甘油酯和十二烷基硫酸钠。用于制剂的合适的油或脂肪的选择是基于获得所需的化妆品性质,因为活性化合物在可能用于药物乳液制剂的大多数油中的溶解度可能非常低。因此,乳膏应该优选地是不油腻、不染色和可清洗的产品,具有合适的稠度,以避免从管或其他容器泄漏。可以使用直链或支链的一元或二元烷基酯,诸如二异己二酸酯、硬脂酸异鲸蜡酯、椰子脂肪酸的丙二醇二酯、肉豆蔻酸异丙酯、油酸癸酯、棕榈酸异丙酯、硬脂酸丁酯、棕榈酸2-乙基己酯或支链酯的混合物(被称为Crodamol CAP),最后三种是优选的酯。这些可以单独使用或组合使用,取决于所需的性能。
可选地,可以使用高熔点脂质,诸如白色软石蜡和/或液体石蜡或其他矿物油。
适合于直肠施用的制剂可以作为具有包含例如可可脂或水杨酸酯的合适的基底的栓剂存在。
适合于阴道施用的制剂可以作为含有除了活性化合物以外的如本领域中已知的合适载体的阴道栓剂、棉塞、霜剂、凝胶、糊剂、泡沫或喷雾制剂存在。
适合于胃肠外施用(例如通过注射,包括皮肤、皮下、肌内、静脉内和皮内)的制剂包括水性和非水性等渗、无热原、无菌注射溶液,其可以包含抗氧化剂、缓冲剂、防腐剂、稳定剂、抑菌剂和使制剂与预期接受者的血液等渗的溶质;以及水性和非水性无菌悬浮液,其可以包括悬浮剂和增稠剂,以及脂质体或外泌体或其他微粒系统,其被设计成将化合物靶向血液成分或一个或更多个器官。用于这样的制剂的合适的等渗媒介物的实例包括氯化钠注射液、林格氏溶液或乳酸林格氏注射液。通常,溶液中活性化合物的浓度为从约1ng/mL至约10μg/mL,例如从约10ng/ml至约1μg/mL。制剂可以呈现于单位剂量或多剂量密封容器中,例如安瓿和小瓶,并且可以储存在冷冻干燥(冻干)条件中,仅需要在临使用之前添加无菌液体载体例如注射用水。即用注射溶液和悬浮液可以由无菌粉末、颗粒和片剂来制备。制剂可以呈脂质体或外泌体或其他微粒系统的形式,其被设计成将活性化合物靶向到血液成分或一个或更多个器官。
剂量
本领域技术人员应当理解,化合物和包含化合物的组合物的适当剂量可以因患者而异。确定最佳剂量通常将包括平衡治疗益处水平与任何风险或有害副作用。所选的剂量水平将取决于多种因素,包括但不限于特定化合物的活性、施用途径、施用时间、化合物的排泄率、治疗的持续时间、组合使用的其他药物、化合物和/或材料、病症的严重程度、以及患者的物种、性别、年龄、体重、状况、平时的健康和先前的病史。化合物的量和施用途径最终将由医生、兽医或临床医生决定,尽管通常剂量将被选择成在作用部位达到局部浓度,该局部浓度达到所需的效果,而不会引起实质性的有害或有毒的副作用。
在整个治疗过程中,可以以一个剂量、连续地或间歇地(例如,以适当的间隔以分开的剂量)进行施用。确定最有效的施用方式和剂量的方法是本领域技术人员所熟知的,并且将随着用于疗法的制剂、疗法目的、被治疗的靶细胞和被治疗的受试者而变化。可以由治疗医生、兽医或临床医生选择的剂量水平和方式来进行单次或多次施用。
一般而言,活性化合物的合适剂量在约100ng至约25mg(更典型地约1μg至约10mg)每天每千克受试者体重的范围内。当活性化合物是盐、酯、酰胺、前药等时,施用的量基于母体化合物计算,并且因此待使用的实际的重量成比例增加。
在一种实施方案中,活性化合物根据以下剂量方案向人类患者施用:约100mg,每天3次。
在一种实施方案中,活性化合物根据以下剂量方案向人类患者施用:约150mg,每天2次。
在一种实施方案中,活性化合物根据以下剂量方案向人类患者施用:约200mg,每天2次。
然而在一种实施方案中,活性化合物根据以下剂量方案向人类患者施用:约50mg或约75mg,每天3次或4次。
在一种实施方案中,活性化合物根据以下剂量方案向人类患者施用:约100mg或约125mg,每天2次。
治疗
如本文所使用的术语“治疗”在治疗病症的上下文中,通常涉及治疗和疗法,无论是对人还是对动物(例如,在兽医应用中),其中实现了一些期望的治疗效果,例如,抑制病症的进展,并且包括进展速度的降低、进展速度的停止、病症的消退、病症的改善和病症的治愈。还包括作为预防措施(即预防、防止)的治疗。
如本文中所使用的术语“治疗有效量”是指活性化合物或包含活性化合物的材料、组合物或剂量的量,当根据期望的治疗方案施用时,该量对于产生一些所需的治疗效果是有效的,与合理的益处/风险比相称。
类似地,如本文所使用的术语“预防有效量”是指活性化合物或包含活性化合物的材料、组合物或剂量的量,当根据期望的治疗方案施用时,该量对于产生一些所需的预防效果是有效的,与合理的益处/风险比相称。
受试者/患者
受试者/患者可以是动物、哺乳动物、胎盘哺乳动物、有袋类动物(例如袋鼠、袋熊)、单孔目动物(例如鸭嘴兽)、啮齿动物(例如豚鼠、仓鼠、大鼠、小鼠)、鼠类(例如小鼠)、兔形动物(例如兔)、鸟类(例如鸟)、犬科动物(例如狗)、猫科动物(例如猫)、马科动物(例如马)、猪类(例如猪)、绵羊类(例如绵羊)、牛科动物(例如牛)、灵长类动物、猿猴类(例如猴或猿)、猴(例如狨猴、狒狒)、猿(例如大猩猩、黑猩猩、猩猩、长臂猿)或人类。
此外,受试者/患者可以是其任何发育形式,例如,胎儿。在一种优选的实施方案中,受试者/患者是人类。
一般合成方法
本发明的化合物可以使用以下通用方法和使用实施例中详细描述的程序来制备。所涉及的反应条件是说明性的而非限制性的,例如本领域技术人员可以使用各种合成方法来合成所需的化合物,诸如但不限于文献中描述的方法(例如但不限于马奇的高级有机化学:反应、机制和结构,第7版;或拉洛克的综合有机转化:综合有机转化:官能团制备指南(March's Advanced Organic Chemistry:Reactions,Mechanisms,and Structure,7thEdition or Larock's Comprehensive Organic Transformations:ComprehensiveOrganic Transformations:A Guide to Functional Group Preparations))。
如上所述的式l的化合物可以通过下面概述的合成策略来制备,其中上述定义适用。
一般合成1
方案1a
方案1a举例说明具有结构G8的化合物的合成。第一步骤包括在合适的碱例如但不限于K2CO3的存在下被适当取代的酮G1与2-巯基乙酸乙酯G2的反应。使用合适的溴源例如但不限于N-溴琥珀酰亚胺,在引发剂例如但不限于过氧化苯甲酰的存在下,可以进行产物G3的溴化而形成烷基溴G4。使用合适的氧化剂例如但不限于N-甲基吗啉N-氧化物,可以进行G4的氧化反应而得到类型G5的化合物。在(a)合适酸例如但不限于乙酸或(b)亚硫酸氢钠或(c)焦亚硫酸钠的存在下,通过被适当取代的苯并噻吩,噻吩并吡啶或噻吩并嘧啶G5与被适当取代的二苯胺G6的缩合,可以制造式G7的化合物。通过用碱例如碱金属氢氧化物或酸例如盐酸水溶液水解酯G7,可以形成羧酸G8。
方案1b
通过在(a)合适酸例如但不限于乙酸或(b)亚硫酸氢钠或(c)焦亚硫酸钠的存在下,被适当取代的二苯胺G9(其中RC2或RC3中的一个=C(=O)NH2)与被适当取代的苯并噻吩,噻吩并吡啶或噻吩并嘧啶G5反应而得到类型G10的化合物(方案1b),可以制备式G11的化合物,其中RC2或RC3=C(=O)NH2。通过用碱例如碱金属氢氧化物或酸例如盐酸水溶液水解酯G10,可以形成羧酸G11。方案1c显示了通过在碱例如但不限于K2CO3的存在下,G7(其中RN1=H)与烷基卤例如但不限于碘代甲烷反应,而得到区域异构体的混合物(异构体1:RC2=C(=O)NH2,RC3=H和异构体2:RC3=C(=O)NH2,RC2=H),其可以通过本领域技术人员已知的色谱方法来分离,还可以形成式G10的化合物。
方案1c
一般合成2
方案2
通过被适当取代的醛G12与格氏试剂如溴化甲基镁的反应而得到醇G13,可以获得结构G1的化合物。醇G13的氧化而得到酮G1的方法将对本领域技术人员是显而易见的,但包括例如使用试剂如三氧化铬和硫酸。
一般合成3
方案3
通过用烷基锂例如但不限于正丁基锂或氨基化锂碱例如但不限于二异丙基氨基化锂处理被适当取代的芳烃或杂芳烃GX,并且随后用N,N-二甲基甲酰胺猝灭所得的锂化物质,可以制备结构G12的化合物。任选地,可以直接用乙醛猝灭由用烷基锂或氨基化锂处理GX形成的锂化物质而得到化合物G13。
一般合成4
方案4a
酸G8转化为酯或酰胺G15的条件将对本领域技术人员是显而易见的,但包括过量的合适的亲核试剂G14和催化剂如浓硫酸(用于形成酯),如方案4a所示。任选地,G8可以首先被偶联剂例如但不限于1-[双(二甲基氨基)亚甲基]-1H-1,2,3-三唑并[4,5-b]吡啶鎓3-氧化物六氟磷酸盐,1-乙基-3-(3-二甲基氨基丙基)碳二亚胺或N,N'-二环己基碳二亚胺活化,然后在催化剂例如但不限于4-二甲基氨基吡啶的存在下(用于形成酯或酰胺)或在碱例如但不限于N,N-二异丙基乙胺的存在下(用于形成酰胺)与亲核试剂G14反应。
如方案4b所示,在合适的碱例如但不限于碳酸铯的存在下,通过酸G8与合适的烷基卤G16的反应,可以获得酯G17。
方案4b
一般合成5
方案5
在(a)合适酸例如但不限于乙酸或(b)亚硫酸氢钠或(c)焦亚硫酸钠的存在下,通过被适当取代的苯并噻吩,噻吩并吡啶或噻吩并嘧啶G5与被适当地取代的二苯胺苯甲酸G18的缩合,还可以形成类型G7的化合物。然后,在与氨源例如但不限于氯化铵在碱(例如N,N-二异丙基乙胺)的存在下反应之前,使用偶联试剂例如但不限于1-[双(二甲基氨基)亚甲基]-1H-1,2,3-三唑并[4,5-b]吡啶鎓3-氧化物六氟磷酸盐,1-乙基-3-(3-二甲基氨基丙基)碳二亚胺或N,N'-二环己基碳二亚胺,可以进行由酸G19形成G7。
另外的实施方案
RN1
当RN1是H时,酰氨基-苯并咪唑部分显示互变异构现象。例如,当RC1和RC4是H时,则其中RC2=C(=O)NH2和RC3=H,和RC3=C(=O)NH2和RC2=H的化合物是互变异构体。
相反,当RN1是Me时,酰氨基-苯并咪唑部分没有显示互变异构现象。所以,当RC1和RC4是H时,则其中RC2=C(=O)NH2和RC3=H,和RC3=C(=O)NH2和RC2=H的化合物是区域异构体。
在一些实施方案中,RN1是H。
在一些实施方案中,RN1是Me。
R1
在一些实施方案中,RC2是C(=O)NH2,W是O并且R1是H。在这些实施方案中,化合物是式Ia1:
其中A1-A4、RN1、RC1、RC3和RC4是如上所定义的。
在一些实施方案中,RC3是C(=O)NH2,W是O并且R1是H。在这些实施方案中,化合物是式Ia2:
其中A1-A4、RN1、RC1、RC2和RC4是如上所定义的。
在其它实施方案中,RC2是C(=O)NH2,W是NH并且R1是H。在这些实施方案中,化合物是式Ic1:
其中A1-A4、RN1、RC1、RC3和RC4是如上所定义的。
在其它实施方案中,RC3是C(=O)NH2,W是NH并且R1是H。在这些实施方案中,化合物是式Ic2:
其中A1-A4、RN1、RC1、RC2和RC4是如上所定义的。
在其它实施方案中,RC2是C(=O)NH2,W是O或NH并且R1是R1B。R1B选自C3-6环烷基,任选地被取代的C3-7杂环基和任选地被取代的直链或支链C1-4烷基。在这些实施方案中,化合物是式Ib1:
其中A1-A4、RN1、RC1、RC3和RC4是如上所定义的并且R1B选自C3-6环烷基,任选地被取代的C3-7杂环基和任选地被取代的直链或支链C1-4烷基。
在其它实施方案中,RC3是C(=O)NH2,W是O或NH并且R1是R1B。R1B选自C3-6环烷基,任选地被取代的C3-7杂环基和任选地被取代的直链或支链C1-4烷基。在这些实施方案中,化合物是式Ib2:
其中A1-A4、RN1、RC1、RC2和RC4是如上所定义的并且R1B选自C3-6环烷基,任选地被取代的C3-7杂环基和任选地被取代的直链或支链C1-4烷基。
在一些实施方案中,R1/R1B是任选地被取代的直链或支链C1-4烷基。在一些实施方案中,R1/R1B是未被取代的C1-4烷基。在一些实施方案中,R1/R1B是被取代的C1-4烷基。
当R1/R1B是C1-4烷基时,在这些实施方案中的一些中,R1/R1B是甲基。在这些实施方案中的其它中,R1/R1B是乙基。在这些实施方案中的其它中,R1/R1B是丙基(例如异丙基、正丙基)。在这些实施方案中的其它中,R1/R1B是丁基(例如异丁基、仲丁基、叔丁基、正丁基)。
在一些实施方案中,R1/R1B是C3-6环烷基。在这些实施方案中的一些中,R1/R1B是环丙基。在这些实施方案中的其它中,R1/R1B是环丁基。在这些实施方案中的其它中,R1/R1B是环戊基。在这些实施方案中的其它中,R1/R1B是环己基。
在一些实施方案中,R1/R1B是C3-7杂环基。在这些实施方案中的一些中,C3-7杂环基具有单个氮环原子。在这些实施方案中的一些中,R1/R1B是氮杂环丁烷基、吡咯烷基或哌啶基。在这些实施方案中的一些中,R1/R1B是氮杂环丁烷基。在这些实施方案中的一些中,R1/R1B是哌啶基。
R1上的取代基
在一些实施方案中,当R1/R1B是C3-7杂环基时,它被选自以下的基团取代:甲基和酯。在一些实施方案中,当R1/R1B是C3-7杂环基时,它被甲基取代。在一些实施方案中,当R1/R1B是C3-7杂环基时,它被酯取代。
在一些实施方案中,当R1/R1B是直链或支链C1-4烷基时,它被选自以下的基团取代:烷氧基、氨基、酰氨基、酰基酰氨基、酰氧基、烷基羧基酯、烷基氨基甲酰基、烷基氨基甲酰基酯、苯基、膦酸酯、任选地被选自甲基和氧代的基团取代的C3-7杂环基、和任选地被选自甲基、乙酰基和boc的基团N-取代的天然存在的氨基酸。
在一些实施方案中,当R1/R1B是直链或支链C1-4烷基时,它被选自以下的基团取代:酰氧基和苯基。在一些实施方案中,当R1/R1B是被酰氧基取代的直链或支链C1-4烷基时,它是新戊酰氧基甲基;下式的基团:
在一些实施方案中,当R1/R1B是被酰氧基取代的直链或支链C1-4烷基时,它是丙酰基氧基异丁基;下式的基团:
在一些实施方案中,当R1/R1B是被苯基取代的直链或支链C1-4烷基时,它是苄基。
在一些实施方案中,当R1/R1B是直链或支链C1-4烷基时,它被任选地被选自甲基、乙酰基和boc的基团N-取代的天然存在的氨基酸取代。在一些实施方案中,当R1/R1B是被天然存在的氨基酸取代的直链或支链C1-4烷基时,天然存在的氨基酸是缬氨酸。在一些实施方案中,当R1/R1B是被天然存在的氨基酸取代的直链或支链C1-4烷基时,天然存在的氨基酸是N-甲基缬氨酸。在一些实施方案中,当R1/R1B是被天然存在的氨基酸取代的直链或支链C1-4烷基时,天然存在的氨基酸是N-乙酰基缬氨酸。在一些实施方案中,当R1/R1B是被天然存在的氨基酸取代的直链或支链C1-4烷基时,天然存在的氨基酸是N-boc缬氨酸。
在一些实施方案中,当R1/R1B是直链或支链C1-4烷基时,它被氨基取代。在一些实施方案中,当R1/R1B是直链或支链C1-4烷基时,它被酰氨基取代。在一些实施方案中,当R1/R1B是直链或支链C1-4烷基时,它被酰基酰氨基取代。在一些实施方案中,当R1/R1B是直链或支链C1-4烷基时,它被酰氧基取代。在一些实施方案中,当R1/R1B是直链或支链C1-4烷基时,它被烷基羧基酯取代。在一些实施方案中,当R1/R1B是直链或支链C1-4烷基时,它被烷基氨基甲酰基取代。在一些实施方案中,当R1/R1B是直链或支链C1-4烷基时,它被烷基氨基甲酰基酯取代。在一些实施方案中,当R1/R1B是直链或支链C1-4烷基时,它被苯基取代。在一些实施方案中,当R1/R1B是直链或支链C1-4烷基时,它被膦酸酯取代。
在一些实施方案中,当R1/R1B是直链或支链C1-4烷基时,它被任选地被选自甲基和氧代的基团取代的C3-7杂环基取代。在一些实施方案中,当R1/R1B是被C3-7杂环基取代的直链或支链C1-4烷基时,C3-7杂环基是任选地被选自甲基和氧代的基团取代的间二氧杂环戊烯。
式(Ib1)、(Ib2)、(Ic1)和(Ic2)的化合物是式(Ia1)和(Ia2)的酸的前药。
A1-A4
在一些实施方案中,A1是CRA。
在其它实施方案中,A1是N。
在一些实施方案中,A2是CRB。
在其它实施方案中,A2是N。
在一些实施方案中,A3是CRC。
在其它实施方案中,A3是N。
在一些实施方案中,A4是CRD。
在其它实施方案中,A4是N。
在一些实施方案中,A1、A2、A3和A4中的两个是N。
在其它实施方案中,A1、A2、A3和A4中的一个是N。
在其它实施方案中,A1、A2、A3和A4都不是N,即A1、A2、A3和A4分别是CRA、CRB、CRC、和CRD。
在一些实施方案中,式I的化合物选自式(IIIa1)-(IIIe1)的化合物:
在一些实施方案中,式I的化合物选自式(IIIa2)-(IIIe2)的化合物:
RA、RB、RC和RD(如果存在的话)
在一些实施方案中,RA、RB、RC和RD(如果存在的话)选自H、F、Cl、Br、Me、CF3、环丙基、氰基、OMe、OEt、CH2OH、CH2OMe和OH。
在一些实施方案中,RA、RB、RC和RD中的一个(如果存在的话)选自F、Cl、Br、Me、CF3、环丙基、氰基、OMe、OEt、CH2OH、CH2OMe和OH。其余(如果存在的话)是H。
在其它实施方案中,RA、RB、RC和RD中的两个(如果存在的话)选自F、Cl、Br、Me、CF3、环丙基、氰基、OMe、OEt、CH2OH、CH2OMe和OH。其余(如果存在的话)是H。
在一些实施方案中,RA、RB、RC和RD中的一个或两个(如果存在的话)选自H、F、Cl、Br、Me、CF3、环丙基、氰基和OMe其余(如果存在的话)是H。在这些实施方案中的一些中,RA、RB、RC和RD中的一个或两个(如果存在的话)选自H、F、Cl、Br、Me、CF3、环丙基和OMe。其余(如果存在的话)是H。在这些实施方案的一些中,RA、RB、RC和RD中的一个或两个(如果存在的话)选自H、F、Cl、Br、Me、CF3和OMe。其余(如果存在的话)是H。在这些实施方案中的一些中,RA、RB、RC和RD中的一个或两个(如果存在的话)选自H、F、Cl、Br和OMe。其余(如果存在的话)是H。
在一些实施方案中,RA和RD选自H、F、Cl、Br、Me、CF3、环丙基、氰基和OMe;和RB和RC是H。在一些实施方案中,RA和RD选自H、F、Cl、Br和OMe;和RB和RC是H。
在一些实施方案中,RA选自H、F、Cl、Br、Me、CF3、环丙基、氰基、OMe、OEt和CH2OMe。在一些实施方案中,RA选自H、F、Cl、Br、Me、CF3、环丙基、氰基和OMe。在一些实施方案中,RA选自Cl、Br和OMe。在一些实施方案中,RA选自Cl、Br、Me和CF3。在一些实施方案中,RA是Cl。在一些实施方案中,RA是Br。在一些实施方案中,RA是OMe。
在一些实施方案中,RD选自H、F、Cl、Br、Me、CF3、环丙基、氰基、OMe、CH2OH、和CH2OMe。在一些实施方案中,RD选自H、F、Cl、Br、Me、CF3、环丙基、氰基和OMe。在一些实施方案中,RD选自H、F、Br、Me和OMe。在一些实施方案中,RD选自H和F。在一些实施方案中,RD是H。在一些实施方案中,RD是F。在一些实施方案中,RD是Br。在一些实施方案中,RD是Me。在一些实施方案中,RD是OMe。
在一些实施方案中,A1、A2、A3和A4选自下表中的组合1-9:
组合 | A<sup>1</sup> | A<sup>2</sup> | A<sup>3</sup> | A<sup>4</sup> |
1 | CCl | CH | CH | CH |
2 | CCl | CH | CH | CCH<sub>3</sub> |
3 | CCl | CH | CH | CBr |
4 | CBr | CH | CH | CH |
5 | CCl | CH | CH | CF |
6 | CCl | CH | CH | C-OCH<sub>3</sub> |
7 | CBr | CH | CH | CF |
8 | C-OCH<sub>3</sub> | CH | CH | CH |
9 | C-OCH<sub>3</sub> | N | CH | Br |
在一些实施方案中,组合1、5、7和8是优选的。
RC1、RC2、RC3和RC4
在一些实施方案中,RC1和RC4、与RC2和RC3中的一个是独立地选自H、Cl、F、Br、Me、OMe、OEt、氰基、CF3和CH2OH。在这些实施方案中的一些中,RC1和RC4、与RC2和RC3中的一个是独立地选自H、Cl、F、CF3、OMe和CH2OH。在这些实施方案中的进一步方案中,RC1和RC4、与RC2和RC3中的一个独立地选自H、Cl、F和OMe。
在一些实施方案中,RC1和RC4、与RC2和RC3中的一个全部是H。
在其它实施方案中,RC1、RC3和RC4中的两个或RC1、RC2和RC4中的两个是H,并且另一个选自所定义的基团(除H外)。在这些实施方案中的一些中,RC4是F。在这些实施方案中的一些中,RC1是OMe。在这些实施方案中的一些中,RC1是Cl。
在其它实施方案中,RC1、RC3和RC4中的一个或RC1、RC2和RC4中的一个是H,并且另两个独立地选自所定义的基团(除H外)。在这些实施方案中的一些中,RC1是OMe和RC4是F。
其它实施方案
在一些实施方案中,本发明涉及式IV的化合物:
其中:
W是O或NH;
R1选自:
(i)H;
(ii)C3-6环烷基;
(iii)C3-7杂环基,其任选地被选自以下的基团取代:
甲基;和
酯;和
(iv)直链或支链C1-4烷基,其任选地被选自以下的基团取代:
烷氧基;
氨基;
酰氨基;
酰基酰氨基;
酰氧基;
烷基羧基酯;
烷基氨基甲酰基;
烷基氨基甲酰基酯;
苯基;
膦酸酯;
任选地被选自甲基和氧代的基团取代的C3-7杂环基;和
天然存在的氨基酸,其任选地被选自甲基、乙酰基和boc的基团N-取代;
A1是CRA或N;
A2是CRB或N;
A3是CRC或N;
A4是CRD或N;
其中A1、A2、A3、和A4中不超过两个可以是N;
RA、RB、RC和RD中的一个或两个(如果存在的话)选自H、F、Cl、Br、Me、CF3、环丙基、氰基、OMe、OEt、CH2OH、CH2OMe和OH;
其余的RA、RB、RC和RD(如果存在的话)是H;
RN1是H;
RC1、RC3和RC4独立地选自H、Cl、F、Br、Me、OMe、氰基、CF3、CH2OH、CH2OMe、C2-4烯基和C5杂环基。
实施例
提供以下实施例仅是为了说明本发明,并且不意图限制如本文所描述的本发明的范围。
首字母缩略词
为方便起见,许多化学部分使用公知的缩写表示,包括但不限于甲基(Me)、乙基(Et)、正丙基(nPr)、异丙基(iPr)、正丁基(nBu)、叔丁基(tBu)、苯基(Ph)、苄基(Bn)、甲氧基(MeO)、乙氧基(EtO)、三甲基甲硅烷基(TMS)和乙酰基(Ac)。
为方便起见,许多化学化合物使用公知的缩写表示,包括但不限于甲醇(MeOH)、氘代甲醇(MeOD-d4或CD3OD)、乙醇(EtOH)、异丙醇(i-PrOH)、醚或二乙醚(Et2O)、乙酸乙酯(EtOAc)、乙酸(AcOH)、乙腈(MeCN或ACN)、二氯甲烷(亚甲基氯、DCM)、三氟乙酸(TFA)、二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)、四氢呋喃(THF)、二甲基亚砜(DMSO)、氘代氯仿(CDCl3)、二乙胺(DEA)、氘代二甲基亚砜(DMSO-d6)、N-乙基-N'-(3-二甲基氨基丙基)碳二亚胺盐酸盐(EDCl.HCl)、间氯过氧苯甲酸(mCPBA)、1,1'-双(二苯基膦基)二茂铁(dppf)、叔丁氧基羰基(Boc、BOC)、2-(三甲基甲硅烷基)乙氧基甲基(SEM)、三乙胺(Et3N或TEA)、2-(1H-7-氮杂苯并三唑-1-基)-1,1,3,3-四甲基脲六氟磷酸盐(HATU)、4-二甲基氨基吡啶(DMAP)、N,N-二异丙基乙胺(DIPEA或DIEA)、1,1'-双(二苯基膦基)二茂铁二氯钯(II)(PdCl2(dppf))、反式二氯双(三苯基膦)钯(II)(PdCl2(PPh3)2)、三(二亚苄基丙酮)二钯(0)(Pd2(dba)3)、四(三苯基膦)钯(0)(Pd(PPh3)4)、丙基膦酸酐(T3P)、六甲基磷酰胺(HMPA)、1,2-二氯乙烷(DCE)、氧化铬(VI)(CrO3)、正溴琥珀酰亚胺(NBS)、氢氧化钾(KOH)、过氧化苯甲酰(BPO)、四氯化碳(CCl4)、石油醚(Pet.Ether)、碳酸钾(K2CO3)、硫酸钠(Na2SO4)、二异丙胺锂(LDA)、偶氮二异丁腈(AIBN)、N-甲基吗啉N-氧化物(NMO)、过氧化苯甲酰(BPO)和1-羟基苯并三唑(HOBt)。
其它缩写:薄层色谱法(TLC),保留时间(rt)。
一般实验细节
除非另有说明,否则以下概括适用。1H NMR谱在Bruker Ultrashield Plus(400MHz)或Bruker AVANCE III(400MHz)上记录。信号的多重性由下列缩写表示:s,单峰;d,二重峰;t,三重峰;q,四重峰;dd,双二重峰;dt,双三重峰;tt,三个三重峰;td,三个二重峰;ddd,双双二重峰;br,宽峰;m,多重峰。所有观察到的偶合常数J以赫兹报告。不总是观察到可交换质子。
LCMS数据使用下述条件生成。氯同位素被报告为35Cl,溴同位素被报告为79Br或81Br或79Br/81Br两者。
LCMS方法A(LCMS-A):
设备信息
LC型号:Agilent 1200
(泵类型:二元泵,检测器类型:DAD)
MS型号:Agilent G6110A Quadrupole
LCMS的参数
LC:柱:Xbridge-C18,2.5μm,2.1×30mm
柱温度:30℃
波长采集:214nm,254nm
流动相:A:0.07%HCOOH水溶液,B:MeOH
MS:离子源:ES+(或ES-) MS范围:50-900m/z
碎裂电压(Fragmentor):60 干燥气体流:10L/min
雾化器压力:35psi 干燥气体温度:350℃
Vcap:3.5kV
梯度表:
流量(mL/分钟) | T(分钟) | A(%) | B(%) |
0.5 | 0.0 | 70 | 30 |
0.5 | 0.2 | 70 | 30 |
0.5 | 1.8 | 5 | 95 |
0.5 | 2.4 | 5 | 95 |
0.5 | 2.6 | 70 | 30 |
0.5 | 3.5 | 70 | 30 |
样品制备
将样品以约0.11~1mg/mL的浓度溶解在甲醇中,然后过滤通过0.22μm注射器式过滤器(注入体积:1~10μL)。
LCMS方法B(LCMS-B):
设备信息
LC型号:Agilent 1200
(泵类型:二元泵,检测器类型:DAD)
MS型号:Agilent G6110A Quadrupole
LCMS的参数
LC:柱:Xbridge-C18,2.5μm,2.1×30mm
柱温度:30℃
波长采集:214nm,254nm
流动相:A:0.07%HCOOH水溶液,B:MeOH
MS:离子源:ES+(或ES-) MS范围:50-900m/z
碎裂电压:60 干燥气体流量:10L/min
雾化器压力:35psi 干燥气体温度:350℃
Vcap:3.5kV
梯度表:
流量(mL/min) | T(min) | A(%) | B(%) |
0.5 | 0.0 | 70 | 30 |
0.5 | 0.3 | 70 | 30 |
0.5 | 0.6 | 50 | 50 |
0.5 | 0.9 | 40 | 60 |
0.5 | 1.2 | 30 | 70 |
0.5 | 3.2 | 5 | 95 |
0.5 | 3.5 | 5 | 95 |
0.5 | 4.0 | 70 | 30 |
0.5 | 5.0 | 70 | 30 |
样品制备
将样品以约0.11~1mg/mL的浓度溶解在甲醇中,然后过滤通过0.22μm注射器式过滤器(注入体积:1~10μL)。
LC-MS方法C(LCMS-C):
设备信息
LC型号:Waters 2695alliance(泵类型:四元泵,检测器类型:2996光电二极管阵列检测器)
MS型号:Micromass ZQ
LCMS的参数
LC柱:Xbridge-C18,3.5μm,2.1×50mm
柱温度:30℃
波长采集:214nm,254nm
流动相:A:0.07%HCOOH水溶液,B:MeOH
MS:离子源:ES+(或ES-) MS范围:50-900m/z
毛细管:3kV 锥孔(Cone):3V 提取器:3V
干燥气体流量:600L/h 锥孔:50L/h
去溶剂化温度:300℃
源温度:100℃
梯度表:
流量(mL/分钟) | T(分钟) | A(%) | B(%) |
0.3 | 0.0 | 80 | 20 |
0.3 | 0.5 | 80 | 20 |
0.3 | 0.8 | 50 | 50 |
0.3 | 1.2 | 35 | 65 |
0.3 | 2.0 | 20 | 80 |
0.3 | 4.0 | 5 | 95 |
0.3 | 5.0 | 5 | 95 |
0.3 | 5.8 | 15 | 85 |
0.3 | 6.2 | 80 | 20 |
0.3 | 8.0 | 80 | 20 |
样品制备
将样品以约0.11~1mg/mL的浓度溶解在甲醇中,然后过滤通过0.22μm注射器式过滤器(注入体积:1~10μL)。
LC-MS方法D(LCMS-D):
设备信息
LC型号:Waters 2695alliance
(泵类型:四元泵,检测器类型:2996光电二极管阵列检测器)
MS型号:Micromass ZQ
LCMS的参数
LC柱:Xbridge-C18,2.5μm,2.1×30mm
柱温度:30℃
波长采集:214nm,254nm
流动相:A:0.05%HCOOH水溶液,B:MeOH
运行时间:5min
MS:离子源:ES+(或ES-) MS范围:50-900m/z
毛细管:3.5kV 锥孔:35V 提取器:3V
干燥气体流量:350L/h 锥孔:50L/h
去溶剂化温度:300℃
源温度:120℃
运行时间:5min
梯度表:
样品制备
将样品以约0.11~1mg/mL的浓度溶解在甲醇中,然后过滤通过0.22μm注射器式过滤器(注入体积:1~10μL)。
制备RP-HPLC:
仪器类型:Varian 940-LC series;
泵类型:四元泵;
检测器类型:二极管阵列探测器
HPLC条件:Waters Sunfire prep C18 OBD,5μm 19×100mm柱,以一定梯度的MeOH在具有0.07%TFA的水中洗脱,以15mL/min的流速。采集波长214nm,254nm。
在Merck硅胶60F254铝背板上进行分析薄层色谱法,该板在紫外光或碱性KMnO4浸液或茚三酮浸液下使用荧光猝灭可视化。
使用Tklst(中国),特级,进行制备薄层色谱(制备型TLC):(HPTLC):8±2μm>80%;(TLC):10-40μm。类型:GF254。通过UV(254nm)使化合物可视化。
使用Tklst(中国),特级,100-200目硅胶进行柱色谱法。
微波辐射使用CEM Explorer SP微波反应器实现。
必要时,从Sigma-Aldrich购买无水溶剂,或使用常规方法干燥。除非另有说明,否则以水溶液构成无机酸或碱的溶液。
使用的另外的盒(cartridges)如下:
相分离器:
制造商:Biotage
SCX和SCX-2盒:
制造商:Biotage
制造商:Biotage
制造商:Silicycle
产品:SCX-2 500mg或5g
制造商:Agilent
样品提取盒
制造商:Waters
除非另有说明,否则氯化氢、氢氧化钠、碳酸钾和碳酸氢钠的溶液都是水溶液。
中间体制备
(i)3,4-二氨基苯甲酰胺(I1)
在室温下搅拌3,4-二氨基苄腈(1.0g,7.51mmol)/浓硫酸(20mL)的溶液过夜。添加水(100mL)并且用4M NaOH水溶液将所得的混合物调节至pH 10并且用EtOAc(100mL×3)萃取。在减压下浓缩合并的有机萃取物而得到标题化合物I1(800mg,70%),淡黄色固体。LCMS-A(ES-API):rt 0.31min,m/z 152.0[M+H]+。
(ii)3,4-二氨基-5-氟苯甲酰胺(I4)
(a)4-氨基-3-氟-5-硝基苯甲腈(I2)
向4-溴-2-氟-6-硝基苯胺(9.23g,39.3mmol)/DMF(150mL)的溶液中添加CuCN(7.04g,78.6mmol)并且在165℃加热混合物过夜。添加水并且混合物用EtOAc萃取。在减压下浓缩合并的有机萃取物,并且通过硅胶色谱(石油醚/EtOAc=10:1)提纯残余物而得到标题化合物I2(5.0g,70%),黄色固体。
LCMS-B(ES-API):rt 0.30min,m/z 182.0[M+H]+。
(b)4-氨基-3-氟-5-硝基苯甲酰胺(I3)
在室温下搅拌4-氨基-3-氟-5-硝基苯甲腈(I2)(1.5g,8.28mmol)/浓H2SO4(15mL)的溶液过夜。添加水并且混合物用EtOAc萃取。在减压下浓缩合并的有机萃取物,并且通过硅胶色谱(DCM/MeOH=50:1)提纯残余物而得到标题化合物I3(1.63g,99%),黄色固体。
LCMS-B(ES-API):rt 0.30min,m/z 200.0[M+H]+。
(c)3,4-二氨基-5-氟苯甲酰胺(I4)
向4-氨基-3-氟-5-硝基苯甲酰胺(I3)(1.63g,8.19mmol)在MeOH(50mL)和THF(50mL)的溶液中添加10%Pd/C(87mg),并且在室温下在H2气氛下搅拌混合物过夜。在减压下浓缩混合物,并且通过硅胶色谱(DCM/MeOH=10:1)提纯残余物而得到标题化合物I4(1.2g,87%),绿色固体。
LCMS-B(ES-API):rt 0.29min,m/z 170.0[M+H]+。
1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ7.74(s,2H),7.56-7.47(m,2H),7.45(s,2H),7.26-7.12(m,2H)。
(iii)3,4-二氨基-2-甲氧基苯甲酸(I5)
向3,4-二氨基-2-甲氧基苯甲酸甲酯(200mg,1.02mmol)在THF(10毫升)和水(5mL)的溶液中添加NaOH(122mg,3.06mmol),并且在50℃加热混合物过夜。在减压下除去大部分的THF并且用1M HCl水溶液调节含水残余物到pH 5,然后在减压下浓缩。将残余物悬浮在MeOH中,过滤并且在减压下浓缩滤液而得到标题化合物I5(183mg,98%),黑色固体。
LCMS-B(ES-API):rt 0.29min,m/z 205.0[M+Na]+。
1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ6.76(d,J=8.0Hz,1H),6.19(d,J=8.1Hz,1H),4.52(s,2H),4.02(s,2H),3.69(s,3H)。
(iv)4-氯-3-甲酰基苯并[b]噻吩-2-甲酸乙酯(I8)
(a)4-氯-3-甲基苯并[b]噻吩-2-甲酸乙酯(I6)
在100℃加热1-(2-氯-6-氟苯基)乙酮(25.0g,145mmol),2-巯基乙酸乙酯(17.4g,145mmol)和K2CO3(30.0g,217mmol)在DMF(200mL)中的溶液过夜。使混合物冷却至室温,然后倒入水(1.0L)和EtOAc(500mL)。分离有机层并且水层用EtOAc(500mL×3)萃取。合并的有机萃取物用无水Na2SO4干燥,过滤并且在减压下浓缩。通过从石油醚/EtOAc中再结晶提纯残余物而得到标题化合物I6(28.0g,76%),黄色固体。
LCMS-A:rt 2.82min;m/z 255.0[M+H]+。
(b)3-(溴甲基)-4-氯苯并[b]噻吩-2-甲酸乙酯(I7)
在115℃加热4-氯-3-甲基苯并[b]噻吩-2-甲酸乙酯(I6)(28.0g,0.11mol),NBS(19.6g,0.11mol)和BPO(2.67g,0.011mol)在CCl4(200mL)中的悬浮液1.5小时。使混合物冷却至室温,然后在减压下浓缩,并且通过从DCM/石油醚中再结晶提纯残余物而得到标题化合物I7(26.0g,71%),紫色固体。
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.74(dd,J=8.0,1.2Hz,1H),7.46(dd,J=7.6,0.8Hz,1H),7.40(t,J=8.0Hz,1H),5.61(s,2H),4.44(q,J=7.1Hz 2H),1.44(t,J=7.1Hz,3H)。
(c)4-氯-3-甲酰苯并[b]噻吩-2-甲酸乙酯(I8)
在回流下加热3-(溴甲基)-4-氯苯并[b]噻吩-2-甲酸乙酯(I7)(10.00g,29.97mmol)和NMO(14.00g,119.88mmol)在THF(250mL)中的混合物16小时。在减压下浓缩混合物并且通过硅胶色谱法(石油醚/EtOAc=100:1至50:1)提纯残余物而得到标题化合物I8(2.70g,34%),白色固体。
LCMS-B(ES-API):rt 4.16min,m/z 269.0[M+H]+,290.9[M+Na]+。
1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ10.7(s,1H),8.17(dd,J=7.6,1.5Hz,1H),7.66-7.58(m,2H),4.36(q,J=7.1Hz,2H),1.32(t,J=7.1Hz,3H)。
(v)4-氯-7-氟-3-甲酰苯并[b]噻吩-2-甲酸乙酯(I13)
(a)1-(6-氯-2,3-二氟苯基)乙-1-醇(I9)
在-78℃在氮气下向二异丙胺(4.4g,43.9mmol)/无水THF(100mL)的溶液中滴加n-BuLi(2.5M正己烷溶液,17.6mL,43.9mmol),随后4-氯-1,2-二氟苯(5.0g,33.8mmol)并且搅拌混合物1小时。滴加乙醛(4.4g,101.4mmol)并且使混合物升温至室温,并且搅拌过夜。通过添加饱和NH4Cl水溶液骤冷反应混合物并且用EtOAc萃取水相。用Na2SO4干燥合并的有机萃取物,过滤并且在减压下浓缩。通过硅胶色谱法(石油醚/EtOAc=1:0至20:1)提纯残余物而得到标题化合物(3.0g,46%),黄色油。
LCMS-B:rt 3.39min;m/z 175.0[M-OH]+。
1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ7.41-7.33(m,1H),7.31-7.25(m,1H),5.54(d,J=4.4Hz,1H),5.25-5.16(m,1H),1.45(d,J=6.7Hz,3H)。
(b)1-(6-氯-2,3-二氟苯基)乙-1-酮(I10)
向1-(6-氯-2,3-二氟苯基)乙-1-醇(I9)(3.0g,15.6mmol)/无水DCM(50mL)的溶液中添加戴斯-马丁高碘烷(Dess-Martin periodinane)(19.8g,46.7mmol)并且在室温下搅拌混合物过夜。过滤混合物并且滤液用水稀释,并且用EtOAc萃取。将合并的有机萃取物用饱和NaHCO3水溶液洗涤,用Na2SO4干燥,过滤并且在减压下浓缩。通过硅胶色谱法(石油醚)提纯残余物而得到标题化合物(2.3g,79%),黄色油,将其直接用于下一步。
(c)4-氯-7-氟-3-甲基苯并[b]噻吩-2-甲酸乙酯(I11)
在氮气下,向1-(6-氯-2,3-二氟苯基)乙-1-酮(I10)(1.8g,9.3mmol)和K2CO3(3.9g,28.0mmol)在DMF(20mL)的混合物中添加2-巯基乙酸乙酯(1.3g,11.2mmol),并且在室温下搅拌混合物过夜。添加水并且用EtOAc萃取混合物。将合并的有机萃取物用水、盐水洗涤并且在减压下浓缩。通过硅胶色谱法(石油醚/EtOAc=1:0)提纯残余物而得到标题化合物(1.5g,60%),褐色固体。
LCMS-A:rt 3.54min;m/z 273.0[M+H]+。
1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ7.55-7.50(m,1H),7.40(t,J=8.7Hz,1H),4.35(q,J=7.1Hz,2H),2.97(s,3H),1.34(t,J=7.1Hz,3H)。
(d)3-(溴甲基)-4-氯-7-氟苯并[b]噻吩-2-甲酸乙酯(I12)
向4-氯-7-氟-3-甲基苯并[b]噻吩-2-甲酸乙酯(I11)(1.5g,5.5mmol)在CCl4(50mL)的溶液中添加NBS(978mg,5.5mol)和AIBN(451mg,2.75mmol)并且在80℃在N2下加热混合物过夜。用水稀释混合物,用EtOAc萃取并且用水、盐水洗涤合并的有机萃取物并且在减压下浓缩而得到标题化合物(1.3g,80%),黄色固体。
1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ7.67-7.61(m,1H),7.50(t,J=8.7Hz,1H),5.47(s,2H),4.41(q,J=7.1Hz,2H),1.36(t,J=7.0Hz,3H)。
(e)4-氯-7-氟-3-甲酰苯并[b]噻吩-2-甲酸乙酯(I13)
在N2下向3-(溴甲基)-4-氯-7-氟苯并[b]噻吩-2-甲酸乙酯(I12)(1.0g,2.8mmol)/THF(20mL)的溶液中添加NMO(1.33g,11.4mmol)并且在回流下加热混合物16小时。用水稀释混合物,用EtOAc萃取并且用盐水洗涤合并的有机萃取物,用Na2SO4干燥,过滤并且在减压下浓缩。通过硅胶色谱法(石油醚/EtOAc=1:0至100:1)提纯残余物而得到标题化合物(250mg,31%),白色固体。
LCMS-B:rt 4.39min;m/z 286.9[M+H]+,308.9[M+Na]+。
1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ10.7(s,1H),7.73-7.66(m,1H),7.57(t,J=8.9Hz,1H),4.38(q,J=7.1Hz,2H),1.32(t,J=7.1Hz,3H)。
(vi)4-溴-7-氟-3-甲酰苯并[b]噻吩-2-甲酸乙酯(I15)
I14是WO2019/219820的化合物I52。
4-溴-7-氟-3-甲酰苯并[b]噻吩-2-甲酸乙酯(I15)
在回流下在N2下加热4-溴-3-(溴甲基)-7-氟苯并[b]噻吩-2-甲酸乙酯(I14)(676mg,1.71mmol)和NMO(800mg,6.84mmol在THF(5mL)中的溶液16小时。在水(30mL)和EtOAc(30mL)之间分配混合物,分层并且水层进一步用EtOAc(30mL×3)萃取。将合并的有机萃取物用盐水洗涤,用Na2SO4干燥,过滤并且在减压下浓缩。通过硅胶色谱法(石油醚/EtOAc=100:1至30:1)提纯残余物而得到标题化合物(243mg,43%),白色固体。
1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ10.8(s,1H),7.85(dd,J=8.4,4.4Hz,1H),7.52(t,J=9.2Hz,1H),4.39(q,J=7.2Hz,2H),1.33(t,J=7.2Hz,3H)。
(vii)7-溴-3-甲酰基-4-甲氧基噻吩并[3,2-c]吡啶-2-甲酸乙酯(I18)
I16是WO2019/219820的化合物I29。
(a)7-溴-3-(溴甲基)-4-甲氧基噻吩并[3,2-c]吡啶-2-甲酸乙酯(I17)
向4-甲氧基-3-甲基噻吩并[3,2-c]吡啶-2-甲酸乙酯(I16)(2.0g,7.96mmol)和NBS(2.2g,11.9mmol)在ACN(50mL)的溶液中添加AIBN(654mg,3.98mmol)并且在80℃加热混合物3小时。在水和EtOAc之间分配混合物,分层并且有机层用盐水洗涤,用Na2SO4干燥,过滤并且在减压下浓缩而得到粗产物(3.2g),黄色固体。NMR分析显示标题化合物和7-溴-4-甲氧基-3-甲基噻吩并[3,2-c]吡啶-2-甲酸乙酯的1:2混合物的存在。将此混合物用于下一步而没有进一步的提纯。
标题化合物的1H NMR(量少组分):
1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.34(s,1H),5.29(s,2H),4.41(q,J=7.2Hz,2H),4.08(s,3H),1.38(t,J=7.2Hz,3H)。
7-溴-4-甲氧基-3-甲基噻吩并[3,2-c]吡啶-2-甲酸乙酯(量多组分)的1H NMR:
1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.24(s,1H),4.36(q,J=7.2Hz,2H),4.02(s,3H),2.85(s,3H),1.34(t,J=7.2Hz,3H)。
(b)7-溴-3-甲酰基-4-甲氧基噻吩并[3,2-c]吡啶-2-甲酸乙酯(I18)
向7-溴-3-(溴甲基)-4-甲氧基噻吩并[3,2-c]吡啶-2-甲酸乙酯/7-溴-4-甲氧基-3-甲基噻吩并[3,2-c]吡啶-2-甲酸乙酯(I17)的1:2混合物(2.5g,假定2.3mmol的7-溴-3-(溴甲基)-4-甲氧基噻吩并[3,2-c]吡啶-2-甲酸乙酯)在THF(50mL)的溶液中添加NMO(5.4g,30.3mmol)并且在回流下加热混合物过夜。在水和EtOAc之间分配混合物,分层并且有机层用盐水洗涤,用Na2SO4干燥,过滤并且在减压下浓缩。通过硅胶色谱法(石油醚/EtOAc=1/0至5/1)提纯残余物而得到标题化合物,黄色固体(350mg,13%,自4-甲氧基-3-甲基噻吩并[3,2-c]吡啶-2-甲酸乙酯I16的两步收率)。
1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ10.5(s,1H),8.37(s,1H),4.39(q,J=7.2Hz,2H),3.99(s,3H),1.33(t,J=7.2Hz,3H)。
(viii)3,4-二氨基-2-甲氧基苯甲酰胺(I23)
(a)4-乙酰氨基-5-氯-2-甲氧基-3-硝基苯甲酸甲酯(I19)
根据WO2008/65508中所述的程序,由市售可得的4-乙酰氨基-5-氯-2-甲氧基苯甲酸甲酯制备标题化合物。
1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ10.3(s,1H),8.15(s,1H),3.90(s,3H),3.87(s,3H),2.03(s,3H)。
(b)4-乙酰氨基-5-氯-2-甲氧基-3-硝基苯甲酸(I20)
向4-乙酰氨基-5-氯-2-甲氧基-3-硝基苯甲酸甲酯(I19)(4.0g,0.013mol)在EtOH/水(10:1,30mL)的溶液中添加NaOH(5.2g,0.13mol)并且在室温下搅拌混合物过夜。在减压下除去大部分EtOH并且用2M HCl水溶液将含水的残余物酸化至pH 7。通过过滤收集所得的沉淀物并且在真空下干燥而得到标题化合物(2.3g,61%),白色固体。
LCMS-B(ES-API):rt 1.70min,m/z 310.9,312.9[M+Na]+。
1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ10.3(s,1H),8.10(s,1H),3.87(s,3H),2.03(s,3H)。
(c)4-氨基-5-氯-2-甲氧基-3-硝基苯甲酸(I21)
在70℃加热4-乙酰氨基-5-氯-2-甲氧基-3-硝基苯甲酸(I20)(2.3g,0.008mol)和NaOH(3.2g,0.08mol)在MeOH(20mL)中的混合物16小时。用水稀释混合物并且在减压下除去大部分MeOH。用2M HCl水溶液将含水的残余物酸化至pH 6并且用EtOAc(40mL×3)萃取。用盐水洗涤合并的有机萃取物,用Na2SO4干燥,过滤并且在减压下浓缩。通过硅胶色谱法(石油醚/EtOAc=20:1至8:1)提纯残余物而得到标题化合物(1.36g,69%),白色固体。
LCMS-B(ES-API):rt 2.90min,m/z 247.0,249.0[M+H]+。
1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ13.0(s,1H),7.83(s,1H),6.74(s,2H),3.81(s,3H)。
(d)4-氨基-5-氯-2-甲氧基-3-硝基苯甲酰胺(I22)
在室温下在N2下搅拌4-氨基-5-氯-2-甲氧基-3-硝基苯甲酸(I21)(1.36g,5.5mmol),NH4Cl(0.44g,8.3mmol),HOBt(1.12g,8.3mmol),EDCI.HCl(1.27g,6.6mmol)和DIPEA(1.08g,8.3mmol)在DMF(20mL)中的混合物过夜。添加水(30mL)并且用EtOAc(30mL×3)萃取混合物。将合并的有机萃取物用水、盐水洗涤,用Na2SO4干燥,过滤并且在减压下浓缩。通过硅胶色谱法(石油醚/EtOAc=20:1至3:1)提纯残余物而得到标题化合物(1.2g,89%),黄色固体。
LCMS-B(ES-API):rt 2.70min,m/z 246.0,247.9[M+H]+。
1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ7.67(s,1H),7.53(br s,2H),6.50(s,2H),3.79(s,3H)。
(e)3,4-二氨基-2-甲氧基苯甲酰胺(I23)
通过N2鼓泡,使4-氨基-5-氯-2-甲氧基-3-硝基苯甲酰胺(I22)(1.2g,5.9mmol)/MeOH(30mL)溶液脱气10分钟。添加10%Pd/C(1.5g),随后Et3N(30mL),并且在H2(5大气压)下搅拌所得的混合物6小时。将混合物用Celite垫过滤,用MeOH清洗并且在减压下浓缩滤液。通过硅胶色谱法(DCM/MeOH=100:1至90:1)提纯残余物而得到标题化合物(534mg,50%),白色固体。
LCMS-B(ES-API):rt 0.8min,m/z 182.0[M+H]+。
1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ7.38(s,1H),7.05(s,1H),6.97(d,J=8.3Hz,1H),6.34(d,J=8.4Hz,1H),5.11(s,2H),4.35(s,2H),3.65(s,3H)。
实施例
3-(5-氨基甲酰基-1H-苯并[d]咪唑-2-基)-4-氯苯并[b]噻吩-2-甲酸乙酯(1)
向3,4-二氨基苯甲酰胺(I1)(50mg,0.33mmol)和4-氯-3-甲酰苯并[b]噻吩-2-甲酸乙酯(I8)(89mg,0.33mmol)在EtOH(5mL)的溶液中添加AcOH(2滴),并且在室温下搅拌混合物48小时。在减压下浓缩混合物,并且通过制备型TLC(DCM/MeOH=15:1)提纯残余物而得到标题化合物1(40mg,30%),白色固体。
LCMS-A(ES-API):rt 0.72min,m/z 399.9[M+H]+。
1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ13.0-12.9(m,1H),8.26-8.11(m,2H),8.00-7.99(m,1H),7.85-7.78(m,1H),7.70-7.56(m,3H),7.28-7.25(m,1H),4.09(q,J=7.2Hz,2H),0.88(t,J=7.2Hz,3H)。
3-(5-氨基甲酰基-1H-苯并[d]咪唑-2-基)-4-氯苯并[b]噻吩-2-甲酸(2)
向3-(5-氨基甲酰基-1H-苯并[d]咪唑-2-基)-4-氯苯并[b]噻吩-2-甲酸乙酯(1)(50mg,0.13mmol)在甲醇(6mL)和水(2mL)的溶液中添加KOH(35mg,0.63mmol),并且在60℃加热混合物1小时。在减压下除去大部分甲醇并且用1M HCl水溶液将含水的残余物调节至pH 5。通过过滤收集所得的沉淀物,用水(10mL)洗涤并且在减压下干燥而得到标题化合物2(20mg,42%),白色固体。
LCMS-A(ES-API):rt 0.39min,m/z 371.9[M+H]+。
1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.26-8.19(m,2H),8.03(br s,1H),7.86(d,J=8.5Hz,1H),7.68(d,J=8.5Hz,1H),7.65-7.53(m,2H),7.30(br s,1H)。
3-(5-氨基甲酰基-7-氟-1H-苯并[d]咪唑-2-基)-4-氯苯并[b]噻吩-2-甲酸乙酯(3)
向3,4-二氨基-5-氟苯甲酰胺(I4)(300mg,1.77mmol),4-氯-3-甲酰苯并[b]噻吩-2-甲酸乙酯(I8)(477mg,1.77mmol)/EtOH(20mL)的溶液中添加AcOH(0.3mL),并且在室温下搅拌混合物过夜。在减压下除去溶剂,并且通过硅胶色谱法(DCM/MeOH=50:1)提纯残余物而得到标题化合物3(80mg,10%),白色固体。
LCMS-D(ES-API):rt 1.20min,m/z 417.9[M+H]+。
1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ13.6-13.3(m,1H),8.24(d,J=8.0Hz,1H),8.20-7.96(m,2H),7.70-7.54(m,3H),7.45-7.38(m,1H),4.12(q,J=7.0Hz,2H),0.91(t,J=7.2Hz,3H)。
3-(6-氨基甲酰基-7-甲氧基-1H-苯并[d]咪唑-2-基)-4-氯苯并[b]噻吩-2-甲酸乙酯(4)
(a)2-(4-氯-2-(乙氧羰基)苯并[b]噻吩-3-基)-7-甲氧基-1H-苯并[d]咪唑-6-甲酸(A1)
向3,4-二氨基-2-甲氧基苯甲酸(I5)(90mg,0.49mmol)/DMF(10mL)的溶液中添加4-氯-3-甲酰苯并[b]噻吩-2-甲酸乙酯(I8)(133mg,0.49mmol)和NaHSO3(103mg,0.99mmol),并且在80℃在N2下加热混合物过夜。添加水并且用EtOAc(50mL×3)萃取混合物。合并的有机萃取物用水(50mL×3)、盐水(100mL)洗涤,用Na2SO4干燥,过滤并且在减压下浓缩。通过制备型TLC(DCM/MeOH=15:1)提纯残余物而得到标题化合物A1(66mg,31%),白色固体。
LCMS-B(ES-API):rt 3.41min;m/z 431.0[M+H]+。
(b)3-(6-氨基甲酰基-7-甲氧基-1H-苯并[d]咪唑-2-基)-4-氯苯并[b]噻吩-2-甲酸乙酯(4)
在室温下在N2下搅拌2-(4-氯-2-(乙氧羰基)苯并[b]噻吩-3-基)-7-甲氧基-1H-苯并[d]咪唑-6-甲酸(A1)(77mg,0.18mmol),NH4Cl(19.mg,0.36mmol),HATU(82mg,0.21mmol)和DIPEA(69mg,0.54mmol)在DMF(5mL)中的混合物过夜。将混合物倒入水(50mL)中,用EtOAc(50mL×3)萃取并且合并的有机萃取物用水(50mL×3)、盐水(50mL)洗涤,用Na2SO4干燥,过滤并且在减压下浓缩。通过制备型TLC(DCM/MeOH=15:1)提纯残余物而得到标题化合物4(60mg,78%),白色固体。
LCMS-B(ES-API):rt 3.28min;m/z 430.0[M+H]+。
1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ13.2-13.1(m,1H),8.24(d,J=7.9Hz,1H),7.84-7.68(m,2H),7.68-7.51(m,2H),7.41(s,1H),7.24(d,J=8.6Hz,1H),4.36(s,3H),4.11(q,J=7.2Hz,2H),0.92(t,J=7.2Hz,3H)。
3-(5-氨基甲酰基-1-甲基-1H-苯并[d]咪唑-2-基)-4-氯苯并[b]噻吩-2-甲酸乙酯和3-(6-氨基甲酰基-1-甲基-1H-苯并[d]咪唑-2-基)-4-氯苯并[b]噻吩-2-甲酸乙酯(5.1和5.2)
在室温下搅拌3-(5-氨基甲酰基-1H-苯并[d]咪唑-2-基)-4-氯苯并[b]噻吩-2-甲酸乙酯(1)(0.050g,0.13mmol),MeI(0.054mg,0.38mmol)和K2CO3(0.052g,0.38mmol)在DMF(5mL)中的悬浮液过夜。添加水(50mL)并且用EtOAc(50mL×2)萃取混合物。将合并的有机萃取物用水(50mL×2)、盐水(50mL)洗涤,用Na2SO4干燥,过滤并且在减压下浓缩。通过制备型HPLC(Agilent ProStar,YMC-C18,150×20mm柱,以一定梯度的MeOH/具有0.07%TFA的水洗脱,以20mL/min的流速)提纯残余物而得到作为第一洗脱(“峰1”)的区域异构体D5.1和作为第二洗脱(“峰2”)的区域异构体的5.2。对于5.1和5.2所示的结构仅仅是说明性的,因为还没有指定结构。
峰1-5.1(HPLC:rt 6.36min):(15mg,29%),白色固体。
LCMS-A(ES-API):rt 0.25min;m/z 413.9[M+H]+。
1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.37-8.22(m,2H),8.07(br s,1H),7.95-7.84(m,1H),7.82-7.56(m,3H),7.41(br s,1H),4.11(br s,2H),3.65(s,3H),0.87(br s,3H)。
峰2-5.2(HPLC:rt 6.75min):(5mg,9%),白色固体。
LCMS-A(ES-API):rt 0.28min;m/z 413.9[M+H]+。
1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.30-8.24(m,2H),8.08(br s,1H),7.96(dd,J=8.5,1.5Hz,1H),7.80(d,J=8.6Hz,1H),7.69-7.58(m,2H),7.34(br s,1H),4.15(q,J=7.2Hz,2H),3.65(s,3H),0.87(t,J=7.2Hz,3H)。
3-(5-氨基甲酰基-1-甲基-1H-苯并[d]咪唑-2-基)-4-氯苯并[b]噻吩-2-甲酸和3-(6-氨基甲酰基-1-甲基-1H-苯并[d]咪唑-2-基)-4-氯苯并[b]噻吩-2-甲酸(6.1和6.2)
(a)3-(5-氨基甲酰基-1-甲基-1H-苯并[d]咪唑-2-基)-4-氯苯并[b]噻吩-2-甲酸乙酯和3-(6-氨基甲酰基-1-甲基-1H-苯并[d]咪唑-2-基)-4-氯苯并[b]噻吩-2-甲酸乙酯(A2)
在室温下搅拌3-(5-氨基甲酰基-1H-苯并[d]咪唑-2-基)-4-氯苯并[b]噻吩-2-甲酸乙酯(1)(0.200g,0.501mmol),MeI(0.214g,1.50mmol)和K2CO3(0.208g,1.50mmol)在DMF(10mL)中的悬浮液过夜。添加水(50mL)并且用EtOAc(50mL×2)萃取混合物。合并的有机萃取物用水(100mL×3)、盐水洗涤,用Na2SO4干燥,过滤并且在减压下浓缩。通过制备型TLC(DCM/MeOH=20:1)提纯残余物而得到两种标题化合物的混合物(30mg,14%),白色固体。
(b)3-(5-氨基甲酰基-1-甲基-1H-苯并[d]咪唑-2-基)-4-氯苯并[b]噻吩-2-甲酸和3-(6-氨基甲酰基-1-甲基-1H-苯并[d]咪唑-2-基)-4-氯苯并[b]噻吩-2-甲酸6.1和6.2
向3-(5-氨基甲酰基-1-甲基-1H-苯并[d]咪唑-2-基)-4-氯苯并[b]噻吩-2-甲酸乙酯和3-(6-氨基甲酰基-1-甲基-1H-苯并[d]咪唑-2-基)-4-氯苯并[b]噻吩-2-甲酸乙酯(A2)的混合物(0.030g,0.07mmol)在甲醇(10mL)和水(3mL)的溶液中添加KOH(0.21g,0.36mmol),并且在60℃加热混合物1小时。在减压下除去大部分甲醇并且用1M HCl水溶液(5mL)溶液将含水的残余物调节至pH 5。通过过滤收集所得的沉淀物,用水(10mL),Et2O(10mL)洗涤并且在减压下干燥而得到两种标题化合物的混合物(0.023g,85%),黄色固体。混合物中未指定的区域异构体的比值是约2:1,如由1H NMR所确定的。对于6.1和6.2所示的结构仅仅是说明性的,因为还没有指定结构。
LCMS-A(ES-API):rt 0.39min,m/z 386.1[M+H]+。
1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.54(s,1H),8.36(s,0.5H),8.33-8.28(m,1.5H),8.22(br s,1.5H),8.08-8.03(m,1.5H),7.95(d,J=8.4Hz,0.5H),7.88(d,J=8.4Hz,1H),7.68-7.61(m,3H),7.52(br s,1H),7.45(br s,0.5H),3.77(s,3H),3.74(s,1.5H)。
4-溴-3-(5-氨基甲酰基-1H-苯并[d]咪唑-2-基)-7-氟苯并[b]噻吩-2-甲酸乙酯(7)和4-溴-3-(5-氨基甲酰基-1H-苯并[d]咪唑-2-基)-7-氟苯并[b]噻吩-2-甲酸(8)
(a)4-溴-3-(5-氨基甲酰基-1H-苯并[d]咪唑-2-基)-7-氟苯并[b]噻吩-2-甲酸乙酯(7)
在N2下在80℃加热4-溴-7-氟-3-甲酰苯并[b]噻吩-2-甲酸乙酯(I15)(0.218g,0.66mmol),3,4-二氨基苯甲酰胺(I1)(0.200g,0.66mmol)和NaHSO3(0.069g,0.66mmol)在DMF(10mL)中的溶液过夜。添加水(50mL)并且用EtOAc(3×50mL)萃取混合物。将合并的有机萃取物用盐水洗涤,用Na2SO4干燥,过滤并且在减压下浓缩而得到标题化合物(280mg,92%),白色固体。
LCMS-B(ES-API):rt 3.27min,m/z 462.0,464.0[M+H]+。
1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.36-8.19(m,1H),8.15-8.00(m,1H),7.99-7.66(m,3H),7.65-7.25(m,1H),7.42-7.25(m,1H),4.13-4.01(m,2H),1.02-0.82(m,3H)。
(b)4-溴-3-(5-氨基甲酰基-1H-苯并[d]咪唑-2-基)-7-氟苯并[b]噻吩-2-甲酸(8)
在室温下搅拌4-溴-3-(5-氨基甲酰基-1H-苯并[d]咪唑-2-基)-7-氟苯并[b]噻吩-2-甲酸乙酯(7)(0.120g,0.26mmol)和LiOH.H2O(0.0326g,0.78mmol)在水(1mL)和THF(9mL)中的混合物过夜。用水(50mL)稀释混合物并且用EtOAc(50mL×3)洗涤。水相用HCl水溶液酸化并且用DCM(50mL×4)萃取。用盐水洗涤合并的有机萃取物,用MgSO4干燥,过滤并且在减压下浓缩而得到标题化合物(65mg,57%),白色固体。
LCMS-B(ES-API):rt 2.62min,m/z 433.9,435.9[M+H]+。
1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.19(s,1H),7.99(br s,1H),7.81(d,J=8.4Hz,1H),7.79-7.73(m,1H),7.64(d,J=8.3Hz,1H),7.47(t,J=8.9Hz,1H),7.23(br s,1H)。
3-(6-氨基甲酰基-7-甲氧基-1H-苯并[d]咪唑-2-基)-4-氯苯并[b]噻吩-2-甲酸(9)
在室温下搅拌3-(6-氨基甲酰基-7-甲氧基-1H-苯并[d]咪唑-2-基)-4-氯苯并[b]噻吩-2-甲酸乙酯(4)(0.060g,0.14mmol)和LiOH.H2O(0.018g,0.42mmol)在THF(4mL)和水(2mL)中的混合物过夜。在减压下浓缩混合物并且用水(2mL)稀释残余物,并且用2M HCl水溶液将其调节至pH 4-5。通过过滤收集所得的沉淀物并且在55℃在真空下干燥1小时而得到标题化合物(20mg,35%),白色固体。
LCMS-B(ES-API):rt 2.76min,m/z 402.0,404.0[M+H]+。
1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.28(dd,J=7.6,1.6Hz,1H),7.81(br s,1H),7.78(d,J=8.5Hz,1H),7.68-7.61(m,2H),7.59(br s,1H),7.49(d,J=8.5Hz,1H),4.19(s,3H)。
4-溴-3-(6-氨基甲酰基-7-甲氧基-1H-苯并[d]咪唑-2-基)-7-氟苯并[b]噻吩-2-甲酸乙酯(10)和4-溴-3-(6-氨基甲酰基-7-甲氧基-1H-苯并[d]咪唑-2-基)-7-氟苯并[b]噻吩-2-甲酸(11)
(a)2-(4-溴-2-(乙氧羰基)-7-氟苯并[b]噻吩-3-基)-7-甲氧基-1H-苯并[d]咪唑-6-甲酸(A3)
向3,4-二氨基-2-甲氧基苯甲酸(I5)(408mg,2.24mmol)/DMF(23mL)的溶液中添加4-溴-7-氟-3-甲酰苯并[b]噻吩-2-甲酸乙酯(I15)(742mg,2.24mmol)和NaHSO3(233mg,2.24mmol),并且在N2下在80℃加热混合物过夜。添加水并且用EtOAc萃取混合物。将合并的有机萃取物用水、盐水洗涤,用Na2SO4干燥,过滤并且在减压下浓缩。通过硅胶色谱法(DCM/MeOH=100:1至90:1)提纯残余物而得到标题化合物(238mg,22%),褐色固体。
LCMS-C(ES-API):rt 4.05min,m/z 493.0,495.0[M+H]+。
1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ13.1(br s,1H),7.82(dd,J=8.5,4.7Hz,1H),7.61(d,J=8.4Hz,1H),7.57-7.50(m,1H),7.26(d,J=8.5Hz,1H),4.26(s,3H),4.14(q,J=7.1Hz,2H),0.93(t,J=7.1Hz,3H)。
(b)4-溴-3-(6-氨基甲酰基-7-甲氧基-1H-苯并[d]咪唑-2-基)-7-氟苯并[b]噻吩-2-甲酸乙酯(10)
向2-(4-溴-2-(乙氧羰基)-7-氟苯并[b]噻吩-3-基)-7-甲氧基-1H-苯并[d]咪唑-6-甲酸(A3)(228mg,0.462mmol)/DMF(9mL)的溶液中添加EDCI.HCl(133mg,0.693mmol),HOBt(94mg,0.69mmol),DIPEA(299mg,2.31mmol)和浓NH4OH水溶液(65mg,1.85mmol),并且在室温下搅拌混合物过夜。添加水并且用EtOAc萃取混合物。将合并的有机萃取物用水、盐水洗涤,用Na2SO4干燥,过滤并且在减压下浓缩。通过制备型TLC(DCM/MeOH=20:1)提纯残余物而得到标题化合物(65mg,29%),白色固体。
LCMS-C(ES-API):rt 3.85min,m/z 491.9,493.9[M+H]+。
1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ13.1(br s,1H),7.84-7.78(m,2H),7.72(br s,1H),7.56-7.51(m,1H),7.41(br s,1H),7.26(d,J=8.5Hz,1H),4.37(s,3H),4.14(q,J=7.1Hz,2H),0.93(t,J=7.1Hz,3H)。
(c)4-溴-3-(6-氨基甲酰基-7-甲氧基-1H-苯并[d]咪唑-2-基)-7-氟苯并[b]噻吩-2-甲酸(11)
向4-溴-3-(6-氨基甲酰基-7-甲氧基-1H-苯并[d]咪唑-2-基)-7-氟苯并[b]噻吩-2-甲酸乙酯(10)(0.060g,0.12mmol)在EtOH/水(6mL/3mL)的溶液中添加NaOH(15mg,0.37mmol),并且在室温下搅拌混合物过夜。在减压下浓缩混合物并且用水稀释残余物,用2M HCl水溶液将其调节至pH 4-5并且通过过滤收集所得的沉淀物,并且在减压下干燥而得到标题化合物(48mg,84%),白色固体。
LCMS-C(ES-API):rt 2.85min,m/z 464.0,466.0[M+H]+。
1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ7.81-7.74(m,2H),7.70(br s,1H),7.49(t,J=8.9Hz,1H),7.42(br s,1H),7.27(d,J=8.5Hz,1H),4.32(s,3H)。
3-(5-氨基甲酰基-4-氯-1H-苯并[d]咪唑-2-基)-4-氯苯并[b]噻吩-2-甲酸乙酯(12)
(a)4-溴-3-氯-2-硝基苯胺(A4)
在回流下在N2下加热3-氯-2-硝基苯胺(25.0g 0.145mol)和NBS(25.8g0.145mol)在乙酸(1L)中的溶液过夜。添加水(1L)并且通过过滤收集不溶物质而得到标题化合物(22.3g,62%),灰色固体。
LCMS-C(ES-API):rt 3.84min;m/z 250.9,252.9[M+H]+。
1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ7.56(d,J=9.2Hz,1H),6.84(d,J=9.2Hz,1H),6.41(s,2H)。
(b)3,4-二氨基-2-氯苯甲酸甲酯(A5)
在回流下在一氧化碳气氛下加热4-溴-3-氯-2-硝基苯胺(A4)(18.9g 75.5mmol),Pd(dppf)Cl2(8.27g,11.3mmol)和Et3N(22.9g,226.5mmol)在MeOH(250mL)中的混合物48小时。将混合物倒入水(500mL)中并且用EtOAc(250mL×3)萃取。将合并的有机萃取物用盐水(250mL)洗涤,用Na2SO4干燥,过滤并且在减压下浓缩。通过硅胶色谱法(石油醚/EtOAc=5:1至2:1)提纯残余物而得到标题化合物(1.0g,6%),黄色固体。
1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ7.08(d,J=8.4Hz,1H),6.48(d,J=8.4Hz,1H),5.58(s,2H),4.89(s,2H),3.72(s,3H)。
(c)3,4-二氨基-2-氯苯甲酸(A6)
在80℃加热3,4-二氨基-2-氯苯甲酸甲酯(A5)(0.200g,1.0mmol)和NaOH(400mg,10mmol)在EtOH/H2O(8mL/2mL)中的混合物5小时。用2M HCl水溶液将混合物的pH调节至约4-5,用水(50mL)稀释并且用EtOAc(50mL×3)萃取。合并的有机萃取物用盐水(50mL)洗涤,用Na2SO4干燥,过滤并且在减压下浓缩而得到标题化合物(160mg,86%),红色固体。
LCMS-C(ES-API):rt 0.48min;m/z 187.0,189.0[M+H]+。
(d)4-氯-2-(4-氯-2-(乙氧羰基)苯并[b]噻吩-3-基)-1H-苯并[d]咪唑-5-甲酸(A7)
在120℃在N2下加热3,4-二氨基-2-氯苯甲酸(A6)(150mg,0.8mmol),4-氯-3-甲酰苯并[b]噻吩-2-甲酸乙酯(I8)(215mg,0.8mmol)和NaHSO3(167mg,1.6mmol)/DMF(15mL)的溶液过夜。将混合物倒入水(100mL)中并且用EtOAc(50mL×3)萃取。将合并的有机萃取物用盐水(50mL)洗涤,用Na2SO4干燥,过滤并且在减压下浓缩。通过硅胶色谱法(EtOAc)提纯残余物而得到标题化合物(250mg,72%),黑色固体。
LCMS-C(ES-API):rt 3.70min;m/z 434.9,436.9[M+H]+。
(e)3-(5-氨基甲酰基-4-氯-1H-苯并[d]咪唑-2-基)-4-氯苯并[b]噻吩-2-甲酸乙酯(12)
在室温下搅拌4-氯-2-(4-氯-2-(乙氧羰基)苯并[b]噻吩-3-基)-1H-苯并[d]咪唑-5-甲酸(A7)(0.200g,0.46mmol),EDCI.HCl(0.132g,0.69mmol),DIPEA(0.297g,2.3mmol)和HOBt(0.093g,0.69mmol)在DMF(10mL)中的溶液15分钟。然后添加NH4Cl(0.123g,2.3mmol)并且在室温下搅拌混合物过夜。添加水并且用EtOAc萃取混合物。将合并的有机萃取物用盐水洗涤,用Na2SO4干燥,过滤并且在减压下浓缩。通过硅胶色谱法(石油醚/EtOAc=1:1至1:4)提纯残余物而得到标题化合物(110mg,55%),白色固体。
LCMS-C(ES-API):rt 3.28min;m/z 433.96,435.98[M+H]+。
1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ13.2(s,1H),8.26-8.22(m,1H),7.96-7.83(m,1H),7.68-7.53(m,4H),7.35-7.33(m,1H),4.13(q,J=7.2Hz,2H),0.98(t,J=7.2Hz,3H)。
3-(5-氨基甲酰基-4-氯-1H-苯并[d]咪唑-2-基)-4-氯苯并[b]噻吩-2-甲酸(13)
在80℃加热3-(5-氨基甲酰基-4-氯-1H-苯并[d]咪唑-2-基)-4-氯苯并[b]噻吩-2-甲酸乙酯(12)(50mg,0.1mmol)和NaOH(40mg,10mmol)在EtOH/水(4mL/1mL)中的溶液6小时。在减压下除去溶剂并且用水(2mL)稀释残余物,并且用2M HCl水溶液酸化至pH 4-5。通过过滤收集所得的沉淀物而得到标题化合物(30mg,75%),白色固体。
LCMS-C(ES-API):rt 2.42min;m/z 405.9,407.9[M+H]+。
1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.22(dd,J=8.0,0.8Hz 1H),7.86(s,1H),7.61-7.53(m,4H),7.32(d,J=8.2Hz 1H)。
4-溴-3-(6-氨基甲酰基-7-乙氧基-1H-苯并[d]咪唑-2-基)-7-氟苯并[b]噻吩-2-甲酸乙酯(14)
(a)4-氟-2-羟基苯甲酸甲酯(A8)
在回流下在N2下加热4-氟-2-羟基苯甲酸(50.0g,320.3mmol)和浓H2SO4(40mL,672.7mmol)在MeOH(600mL)中的混合物16小时。将混合物倒入水(500mL)中并且用EtOAc(500mL×3)萃取。将合并的有机萃取物用水(500mL×2)、盐水(500mL)洗涤,用Na2SO4干燥,过滤并且在减压下浓缩。通过硅胶色谱法(石油醚/EtOAc=100:1至20:1)提纯残余物而得到标题化合物(50.0g,91%),白色固体。
LCMS-A(ES-API):rt 1.80min,m/z 171.1[M+H]+。
1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ10.8(s,1H),7.83(dd,J=8.9,6.8Hz,1H),6.90-6.70(m,2H),3.88(s,3H)。
(b)4-氟-2-羟基-3-硝基苯甲酸甲酯(A9)
在0℃在N2下向4-氟-2-羟基苯甲酸甲酯(A8)(20.0g,117mmol)/浓H2SO4(40mL)的溶液中滴加浓HNO3(8mL)并且在0℃搅拌混合物过夜。用水稀释混合物,用EtOAc萃取并且用盐水洗涤合并的有机萃取物,用Na2SO4干燥,过滤并且在减压下浓缩。通过硅胶色谱法(石油醚/EtOAc=1:0至100:1)提纯残余物而得到标题化合物(1.7g,6%),白色固体。
1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.08(dd,J=9.1,6.4Hz,1H),7.17(t,J=9.3Hz,1H),3.93(s,3H)。
(c)2-乙氧基-4-氟-3-硝基苯甲酸甲酯(A10)
向4-氟-2-羟基-3-硝基苯甲酸甲酯(A9)(900mg,4.2mmol)/DMF(20mL)的溶液中添加碘乙烷(980mg,6.3mmol)和K2CO3(1.74g,12.6mmol)并且在室温下在N2下搅拌混合物过夜。添加水并且用EtOAc萃取混合物。用盐水洗涤合并的有机萃取物,用Na2SO4干燥,过滤并且在减压下浓缩。通过硅胶色谱法(石油醚/EtOAc=1:0至100:1)提纯残余物而得到标题化合物(600mg,58%),黄色固体。
1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.10(dd,J=9.1,6.5Hz,1H),7.48(t,J=9.0Hz,1H),4.13(d,J=7.0Hz,2H),3.89(s,3H),1.27(t,J=7.0Hz,3H)。
(d)4-氨基-2-乙氧基-3-硝基苯甲酸甲酯(A11)
在100℃加热2-乙氧基-4-氟-3-硝基苯甲酸甲酯(A10)(0.900g,4.2mmol)和0.5MNH3在1,4-二氧杂环己烷的溶液中(200mL)的混合物过夜。添加水并且用EtOAc萃取混合物。用盐水洗涤合并的有机萃取物,用Na2SO4干燥,过滤并且在减压下浓缩。通过硅胶色谱法(石油醚/EtOAc=1:0至100:1)提纯残余物而得到标题化合物(600mg,67%),黄色固体。
1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ7.68(d,J=9.0Hz,1H),6.68(s,2H),6.64(d,J=9.0Hz,1H),4.00(q,J=7.0Hz,2H),3.77(s,3H),1.24(t,J=7.0Hz,3H)。
(e)4-氨基-2-乙氧基-3-硝基苯甲酸(A12)
向4-氨基-2-乙氧基-3-硝基苯甲酸甲酯(A11)(0.900g,3.75mmol)/EtOH(10mL)的溶液中添加NaOH(1.5g,37.5mmol)/水(10mL)的溶液并且在室温下搅拌所得的混合物过夜。在减压下除去大部分EtOH并且用1M HCl水溶液将含水的残余物调节至pH 5。通过过滤收集所得的沉淀物并且在真空下干燥而得到标题化合物(570mg,67%),黄色固体。
LCMS-B(ES-API):rt 2.85min,m/z 226.8[M+H]+。
1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ12.5(s,1H),7.67(d,J=9.0Hz,1H),6.61(d,J=9.0Hz,1H),6.56(s,2H),4.03(q,J=7.0Hz,2H),1.23(t,J=7.0Hz,3H)。
(f)3,4-二氨基-2-乙氧基苯甲酸(A13)
向4-氨基-2-乙氧基-3-硝基苯甲酸(A12)(0.470g,2.08mmol)/EtOH(22mL)的溶液中添加Zn屑(0.816g,12.5mmol)和饱和NH4Cl水溶液(11mL),并且在室温下搅拌混合物过夜。在减压下除去大部分EtOH并且冷冻干燥含水的残余物。用10:1DCM/MeOH(50mL)清洗残余物并且在减压下浓缩滤液而得到标题化合物(400mg,98%),黑色固体。
1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ6.98(d,J=8.4Hz,1H),6.30(d,J=8.4Hz,1H),5.24(s,2H),4.25(s,2H),3.85(q,J=7.0Hz,2H),1.30(t,J=7.0Hz,3H)。
(g)2-(4-溴-2-(乙氧羰基)-7-氟苯并[b]噻吩-3-基)-7-乙氧基-1H-苯并[d]咪唑-6-甲酸(A14)
向3,4-二氨基-2-乙氧基苯甲酸(A13)(110mg,0.56mmol)/DMF(6mL)的溶液中添加NaHSO3(59mg,0.56mmol)和4-溴-7-氟-3-甲酰苯并[b]噻吩-2-甲酸乙酯(I15)(185mg,0.56mmol),并且在N2下在80℃加热混合物过夜。添加水并且用EtOAc萃取混合物。用盐水洗涤合并的有机萃取物,用Na2SO4干燥,过滤并且在减压下浓缩。通过制备型TLC(DCM/MeOH=15:1)提纯残余物而得到标题化合物(80mg,28%),黄色固体。
LCMS-B(ES-API):rt 3.81min,m/z 507.0,509.0[M+H]+。
1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ13.1(br s,1H),12.3(br s,1H),7.82(dd,J=8.8,4.8Hz,1H),7.60(d,J=8.4Hz,1H),7.53(t,J=8.9Hz,1H),7.25(d,J=8.5Hz,1H),4.70(q,J=7.0Hz,2H),4.14(q,J=6.8Hz,2H),1.30(t,J=7.0Hz,3H),0.92(t,J=7.1Hz,3H)。
(h)4-溴-3-(6-氨基甲酰基-7-乙氧基-1H-苯并[d]咪唑-2-基)-7-氟苯并[b]噻吩-2-甲酸乙酯(14)
向2-(4-溴-2-(乙氧羰基)-7-氟苯并[b]噻吩-3-基)-7-乙氧基-1H-苯并[d]咪唑-6-甲酸(A14)(0.080g,0.16mmol)/DMF(4mL)的溶液中添加EDCI.HCl(0.045g,0.24mmol),HOBt(0.032g,0.24mmol),DIPEA(0.102g,0.79mmol)和浓NH4OH水溶液(0.022g,0.62mmol),并且在室温下搅拌混合物过夜。添加水并且用EtOAc萃取混合物。用盐水洗涤合并的有机萃取物,用Na2SO4干燥,过滤并且在减压下浓缩。通过制备型TLC(DCM/MeOH=15:1)提纯残余物而得到标题化合物(7.0mg,9%),白色固体。
LCMS-B(ES-API):rt 3.62min,m/z 506.1,508.1[M+H]+。
1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ13.0(br s,1H),7.85-7.76(m,3H),7.53(t,J=8.7Hz,1H),7.42(br s,1H),7.26(d,J=8.3Hz,1H),4.70(q,J=6.7Hz,2H),4.13(q,J=7.2Hz,2H),1.34(t,J=7.0Hz,3H),0.92(t,J=7.2Hz,3H)。
4-溴-3-(6-氨基甲酰基-7-乙氧基-1H-苯并[d]咪唑-2-基)-7-氟苯并[b]噻吩-2-甲酸(15)
向4-溴-3-(6-氨基甲酰基-7-乙氧基-1H-苯并[d]咪唑-2-基)-7-氟苯并[b]噻吩-2-甲酸乙酯(14)(0.050g,0.099mmol)/EtOH(2mL)的溶液中添加NaOH(0.040g,0.99mmol)/水(2mL)的溶液并且在室温下搅拌混合物过夜。在减压下除去大部分EtOH并且用1M HCl水溶液将含水的残余物调节至pH 5。通过过滤收集所得的沉淀物并且通过制备型HPLC(Varian-940-LC,BOSTON,250×2.12mm,10μm柱,以一定梯度的ACN/具有0.1%甲酸的水洗脱,以20.0mL/min的流速)提纯而得到标题化合物(5mg,10%),白色固体。
LCMS-B(ES-API):rt 2.88min,m/z 478.0,480.0[M+H]+。
1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ12.9(br s,1H),7.78-7.75(m,2H),7.68,(br s,1H),7.39-7.35(m,2H),7.27-7.19(m,1H),4.88-4.75(m,2H),1.34(t,J=6.0Hz,3H)。
7-溴-3-(5-氨基甲酰基-4-甲氧基-1H-苯并[d]咪唑-2-基)-4-甲氧基噻吩并[3,2-c]吡啶-2-甲酸乙酯(16)和7-溴-3-(5-氨基甲酰基-4-甲氧基-1H-苯并[d]咪唑-2-基)-4-甲氧基噻吩并[3,2-c]吡啶-2-甲酸(17)
(a)7-溴-3-(5-氨基甲酰基-4-甲氧基-1H-苯并[d]咪唑-2-基)-4-甲氧基噻吩并[3,2-c]吡啶-2-甲酸乙酯(16)
在80℃在N2下加热7-溴-3-甲酰基-4-甲氧基噻吩并[3,2-c]吡啶-2-甲酸乙酯(I18)(100mg,0.3mmol),3,4-二氨基-2-甲氧基苯甲酰胺(I23)(52.6mg,0.3mmol)和NaHSO3(15.6mg,0.15mmol)在DMF(5mL)中的混合物过夜。添加水(5mL)并且用EtOAc(5mL×3)萃取混合物。将合并的有机萃取物用水和盐水洗涤,用Na2SO4干燥,过滤并且在减压下浓缩而得到标题化合物(126mg,83%),黄色固体。
LCMS-B(ES-API):rt 3.44min,m/z 505.0,507.0[M+H]+。
1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ12.9(s,1H),8.41(s,1H),7.81(d,J=8.5Hz,1H),7.73(s,1H),7.42(s,1H),7.26(d,J=8.5Hz,1H),4.39(s,3H),4.15(q,J=6.9Hz,2H),3.70(s,3H),0.97(t,J=7.1Hz,3H)。
(b)7-溴-3-(5-氨基甲酰基-4-甲氧基-1H-苯并[d]咪唑-2-基)-4-甲氧基噻吩并[3,2-c]吡啶-2-甲酸(17)
在室温下搅拌7-溴-3-(5-氨基甲酰基-4-甲氧基-1H-苯并[d]咪唑-2-基)-4-甲氧基噻吩并[3,2-c]吡啶-2-甲酸乙酯(16)(118mg,0.23mmol)和NaOH(93.4mg,2.3mmol)在10:1EtOH/H2O(5mL)中的混合物过夜。在减压下除去大部分EtOH并且用2M HCl水溶液将含水的残余物调节至pH 6。通过过滤收集所得的沉淀物并且在真空下干燥而得到标题化合物(92mg,84%),黄色固体。
LCMS-B(ES-API):rt 2.85min,m/z 477.0,479.0[M+H]+。
1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.38(s,1H),7.76(d,J=8.5Hz,1H),7.73(s,1H),7.43(s,1H),7.28(d,J=8.5Hz,1H),4.34(s,3H),3.68(s,3H)。
3-(5-氨基甲酰基-7-氯-4-甲氧基-1H-苯并[d]咪唑-2-基)-4-氯-7-氟苯并[b]噻吩-2-甲酸乙酯(18)
在80℃在N2下加热4-氯-7-氟-3-甲酰苯并[b]噻吩-2-甲酸乙酯(I13)(0.100g,0.35mmol),4-氨基-5-氯-2-甲氧基-3-硝基苯甲酰胺(I22)(0.086g,0.35mmol),NaHSO3(18.2mg,0.175mmol)和Na2S2O4(183mg,1.05mmol)在DMF(5mL)的混合物过夜。添加水(10mL)并且用EtOAc(10mL×3)萃取混合物。将合并的有机萃取物用水、盐水洗涤,用Na2SO4干燥,过滤并且在减压下浓缩。通过硅胶色谱法(DCM/MeOH=100:1)提纯残余物而得到标题化合物(69mg,41%),白色固体。
LCMS-B(ES-API):rt 3.56min,m/z 482.0,484.0[M+H]+。
1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ13.5(s,1H),7.76(s,1H),7.69-7.56(m,4H),4.37(s,3H),4.18(q,J=7.2Hz,2H),0.94(t,J=7.2Hz,3H)。
进一步的实施例
通过类似的方法制备以下实施例化合物。
测定
蛋白质产生和纯化
用根据Yi等人,(2013)的等位基因命名法指定的三种不同的重组人类STING蛋白变体进行生物物理实验。编码人类STING(WT)、人类STING(HAQ)和人类STING(R232H)的氨基酸残基149至345(Swiss Prot Q86WV6)的密码子优化的DNA序列(用于在大肠杆菌中表达)由GenScript USA Inc(Piscataway,New Jersey,USA)合成。将它们连接到经修饰的大肠杆菌表达载体pET43a中,其被设计为编码N-末端His标签、随后是烟草蚀刻病毒蛋白酶(TEV)切割位点和STING基因序列。所得的三种等位基因变体的蛋白质序列在下面列出:
His-TEV-hSTING(WT)
His-TEV-hSTING(R232H)
His-TEV-hSTING(HAQ)
为了产生重组人类STING蛋白,将编码上述构建体的表达质粒转化到大肠杆菌BL21 DE3菌株中,并在37℃在补充有100μg/ml氨苄青霉素的2×1L体积的Terrific汤(TB)中在振荡的情况下生长,直到达到0.8的OD600。然后将培养物冷却至16℃,并且通过添加异丙基β-D-1-硫代吡喃半乳糖苷至0.5mM的最终浓度来诱导蛋白质表达,并将培养物振荡过夜持续另外的16小时。在表达后,将细胞培养物以5000×g离心持续20分钟,并且将细胞团块冷冻保存在-70℃。
通过使用每1g细胞7ml缓冲液的比率,在裂解缓冲液(25mM Tris-HCl pH 8.0,300mM NaCl,5mM DTT,2mM MgCl2,10mM咪唑,0.5mg/ml溶菌酶,全能核酸酶[EMDMillipore],1mM PMSF,不含EDTA的完全蛋白酶抑制剂片剂[Roche])中解冻细胞团块来开始蛋白质纯化。使细胞3次通过冰冷的Avestin C5细胞粉碎机进一步裂解,并且然后在4℃以48,000×g离心。将上清液(细胞裂解物)过滤通过5μm过滤器,并使用Profinia亲和色谱纯化系统(Bio-Rad)上样到用IMAC洗涤缓冲液1(25mM Tris-HCl pH 8.0,300mM NaCl,5mMDTT,10mM咪唑)预平衡的5mL HiTrap IMAC琼脂糖凝胶FF柱(GE Healthcare)上。然后将IMAC柱依次用IMAC洗涤缓冲液1和IMAC洗涤缓冲液2(25mM Tris-HCl pH 8.0,300mM NaCl,5mM DTT,20mM咪唑)洗涤,并结合用IMAC洗脱缓冲液(25mM Tris-HCl pH 8.0,300mM NaCl,5mM DTT,250mM咪唑)洗脱的His-TEV-hSTING蛋白。IMAC洗脱的蛋白质通过穿过在储存缓冲液(25mM Tris-HCl pH 8.0,150mM NaCl,5mM DTT 0.02%[w/v]叠氮化钠)中预平衡的HiLoad 26/60Superdex 75柱被进一步纯化。最后,使用Amicon超离心过滤单元(Utra-15MWCO 10kDa)将hSTING蛋白浓缩至≥2mg/ml,在液氮中速冻,并储存在-70℃冰箱中。
差示扫描荧光分析法(DSF)
差示扫描荧光分析法(DSF)是一种用于鉴定低分子量配体的快速筛选方法,所述配体结合并在此过程中使纯化的蛋白稳定(或有时不稳定)(Niesen 2007)。DSF在荧光染料的存在下监测蛋白的热解折叠,并且通常使用实时PCR仪器进行。蛋白解折叠的温度通过染料荧光的增加来测量,该染料对在解折叠期间逐渐暴露的蛋白质的疏水部分具有亲和力。染料的荧光在水性环境中被猝灭,但是当染料与解折叠的蛋白上的疏水位点结合时,其荧光增加。将荧光强度绘制成温度的函数,产生可以通过双态转换描述的S形曲线。转换曲线的拐点(Tm)使用简单方程如玻尔兹曼(Boltzmann)方程计算。
使用先前描述的方法(Seabrook&Newman 2013)测量STING蛋白(带有结合配体或不带有结合配体)的热稳定性,其中使用96孔PCR微孔板(AB Gene,ABGAB-0600/W)一式三份测试样品。在20μL的最终体积中,将在1×HBS缓冲液(50mM HEPES,pH 7.4,150mM NaCl)中的2μM蛋白与SYPRO Orange染料(Sigma-Aldrich S5692,最终反应混合稀释1:1200)和化合物(最终浓度为100μm)混合。将密封的板放入Bio-Rad CFX96/C1000热循环仪并且FRET扫描模式(λ激发为490nm,并且在570nm的λ发射下读数)。以每30秒0.5℃的增量从20℃到100℃记录解链曲线,其中在每次增量处读取读数。使用由Rosa(2015)描述的"Meltdown analysis"方案来分析数据。从针对与配体一起孵育的蛋白获得的Tm中减去针对单独的STING蛋白(1%[v/v]DMSO)获得的解链温度Tm),以产生下表中列出的ΔTm值。针对3种不同的STING蛋白变体-人类STING(WT)、人类STING(HAQ)和人类STING(R232H),为每种化合物生成DSF数据。
表面等离子共振(SPR)
使用表面等离子共振(SPR)定量配体与STING蛋白的结合相互作用,其中最小生物素化的STING蛋白被固定在链霉亲和素芯片表面上。以这种方式,获得了高活性的STING蛋白表面,所述STING蛋白表面不会受到胺偶联方法所需的低pH的影响。使用先前描述的方法(Chhabra 2012)进行纯化的huSTING蛋白的最小生物素化。简而言之,将在1×TBS缓冲液(25mM Tris-HCl,pH 7.5,150mM NaCl,5mM DTT)中的约20nmol的重组STING蛋白与EZ-LinkTM磺基-NHS-LC-LC-生物素(Thermofisher Science,cat#21338)以1:0.6的摩尔比混合,并且在冰上孵育持续2小时。为了除去任何未反应的生物素试剂,使蛋白/生物素混合物穿过用10mM HEPES pH 7.4,150mM NaCl,5mM DTT,5%[v/v]甘油平衡的Superdex 75(10/300GL)柱。收集含有生物素化huSTING蛋白的蛋白峰,并以等分试样储存在-80℃。
将链霉亲和素同时固定在与Biacore仪器(Biacore S200或Biacore T200,GEHealthcare)对接的CM5传感器芯片的所有四个通道中,如前所述(Zender 2013)。通过以2μL/分钟的恒定流量在单通道中逐渐注入,在8℃在SPR结合缓冲液(50mM HEPES,pH 7.4,150mM NaCl,2%[v/v]DMSO)中,最小生物素化的STING蛋白被捕获到链霉亲和素包被的芯片表面上,直到到达所期望的捕获水平,典型的3000RU至7000RU(1RU=1pg/mm2)。
全部的结合实验在8℃在SPR结合缓冲液中进行。为了确定结合亲和力,使用剂量响应实验来分析化合物与固定的STING蛋白的相互作用。将化合物的新鲜的10mM DMSO溶液直接稀释到SPR结合缓冲液中,通常稀释至50μM的浓度,并且然后进一步稀释2倍或3倍,目标为5点或7点浓度系列范围。每种配体浓度系列以60μL/min的恒定流速注入,具有90秒缔合时间和180秒解离时间。对于具有更长停留时间的化合物修改这些,使得曲线可以达到稳定状态,或者使得化合物在随后的注入之前将被完全解离。在适当的情况下,使用单循环动力学形式(Karlsson 2006)测试更紧密结合的化合物(大致KD<1μM),具有长的缔合和解离时间(通常分别为450s和1800s)。
Scrubber 2(biologic.com.au)用于数据处理,其中信号参照空白表面(链霉亲和素+D-生物素),并进一步校正DMSO折射率变化,并且然后使用缓冲液空白注入进行“双重参照”(Papalia,2006)。为了从剂量响应实验确定结合亲和力(50%的占有率作为发生的两个结合事件的替代KD),将平衡时的结合响应拟合于希尔(Hill)方程,其中希尔系数浮动(≤2)。对于单循环动力学实验,将传感图拟合于两步动力学模型,其中两种分析物分子顺序地结合(Biacore T200或S200评价软件)。
THP-1报告细胞系测定
将THP-1 STING Lucia ISG细胞(Invivogen#thpI-isg)在含有2mM L-谷氨酰胺、25mM HEPES、100μg/mL Normocin(InvivoGen)和10%热灭活的FBS的RPMI-1640中培养。以7×105个细胞/mL的密度,将细胞接种,并维持在37℃/5%CO2,并且每3-4天传代一次。选择压力通过每隔一代加入100μg/mL吉欧霉素(Zeocin)来维持。
测定条件:收获细胞并以5×105个细胞/mL的浓度重悬于新鲜的生长培养基中。在此细胞制品中,将20μL/孔分配到384孔细胞培养板(Greiner,#781098X),并且在37℃/5%CO2孵育持续2小时。
从DMSO中的10mM化合物储备溶液开始通过2.5倍递减稀释制备浓度响应曲线(通常11个剂量)。使用针头工具将化合物稀释液转移到细胞培养板中(0.1μL转移),对照孔与DMSO相匹配。阳性对照孔接受5μL培养基中的ML RR-S2 CDA(Med Chem Express HY12885B)至终浓度为40μM。所有其它孔仅接受另外5μL培养基以平衡体积。将板在37℃/5%CO2孵育持续24小时。
对于检测步骤,根据厂商的指导制备QUANTI-Luc(Invivogen#rep-qlc1)并且每孔添加10μL以培养板。将板在轨道摇动器上摇动持续10秒钟,并在室温在黑暗中放置持续两分钟,然后在Perkin Elmer Envision读板器上对荧光进行读取。
数据分析:荧光原始数据相对于未用化合物处理的阳性对照孔和阴性对照孔的信号归一化%活性。使用以下公式计算来自原始信号的归一化%活性:
%活性=(样品-阴性)/(阳性-阴性)
THP-1STING Lucia ISG细胞EC50提供了STING的人类HAQ同种型的活性的评估。对于评估针对于WT人类STING同种型的化合物活性,进行等效方法,其中所使用的细胞是THP-1-双KI-hSTING-R232(InvivoGen#thpd-r232)。
发明声明
1.式I的化合物:
其中:
W是O或NH;
R1选自:
(i)H;
(ii)C3-6环烷基;
(iii)C3-7杂环基,其任选地被选自以下的基团取代:
甲基;和
酯;和
(iv)直链或支链C1-4烷基,其任选地被选自以下的基团取代:
烷氧基;
氨基;
酰氨基;
酰基酰氨基;
酰氧基;
烷基羧基酯;
烷基氨基甲酰基;
烷基氨基甲酰基酯;
苯基;
膦酸酯;
任选地被选自甲基和氧代的基团取代的C3-7杂环基;和
天然存在的氨基酸,其任选地被选自甲基、乙酰基和boc的基团N-取代;
A1是CRA或N;
A2是CRB或N;
A3是CRC或N;
A4是CRD或N;
其中A1、A2、A3、和A4中不超过两个可以是N;
RA、RB、RC和RD中的一个或两个(如果存在的话)选自H、F、Cl、Br、Me、CF3、环丙基、氰基、OMe、OEt、CH2OH、CH2OMe和OH;
其余的RA、RB、RC和RD(如果存在的话)是H;
RN1是H或Me;
RC2和RC3中的一个是C(=O)NH2;另一个选自H、Cl、F、Br、Me、OMe、OEt、氰基、CF3、CH2OH、CH2OMe、C2-4烯基和C5杂环基;
RC1和RC4独立地选自H、Cl、F、Br、Me、OMe、OEt、氰基、CF3、CH2OH、CH2OMe、C2-4烯基和C5杂环基。
2.根据声明1的化合物,其中W是O。
3.根据声明1的化合物,其中W是NH。
4.根据声明1至3中任一项的化合物,其中R1是H。
5.根据声明1的化合物,其中R1选自C3-6环烷基、任选地被取代的C3-7杂环基、和任选地被取代的直链或支链C1-4烷基。
6.根据声明1-3和声明5中任一项的化合物,其中R1是C3-6环烷基。
7.根据声明6的化合物,其中R1是环丙基。
8.根据声明6的化合物,其中R1是环丁基。
9.根据声明6的化合物,其中R1是环戊基。
10.根据声明6的化合物,其中R1是环己基。
11.根据声明1-3和声明5中任一项的化合物,其中R1是任选地被取代的C3-7杂环基。
12.根据声明11的化合物,其中R1是任选地被取代的含单个氮环原子的C3-7杂环基。
13.根据声明12的化合物,其中R1是任选地被取代的氮杂环丁烷基。
14.根据声明12的化合物,其中R1是任选地被取代的吡咯烷基。
15.根据声明12的化合物,其中R1是任选地被取代的哌啶基。
16.根据声明11-15中任一项的化合物,其中R1是被甲基取代的。
17.根据声明11-15中任一项的化合物,其中R1是被酯取代的。
18.根据声明1-3和声明5中任一项的化合物,其中R1是任选地被取代的直链或支链C1-4烷基。
19.根据声明18的化合物,其中R1是任选地被取代的甲基。
20.根据声明18的化合物,其中R1是任选地被取代的乙基。
21.根据声明18的化合物,其中R1是任选地被取代的丙基。
22.根据声明18的化合物,其中R1是任选地被取代的丁基。
23.根据声明18的化合物,其中R1是任选地被取代的异丙基。
24.根据声明18的化合物,其中R1是任选地被取代的仲丁基。
25.根据声明18的化合物,其中R1是任选地被取代的异丁基。
26.根据声明18的化合物,其中R1是任选地被取代的叔丁基。
27.根据声明18-26中任一项的化合物,其中R1是被烷氧基取代的。
28.根据声明18-26中任一项的化合物,其中R1是被氨基取代的。
29.根据声明18-26中任一项的化合物,其中R1是被酰氨基取代的。
30.根据声明18-26中任一项的化合物,其中R1是被酰基酰氨基取代的。
31.根据声明18-26中任一项的化合物,其中R1是被酰氧基取代的。
32.根据声明31的化合物,其中R1是新戊酰氧基甲基。
33.根据声明31的化合物,其中R1是丙酰基氧基异丁基。
34.根据声明18-26中任一项的化合物,其中R1是被烷基羧基酯取代的。
35.根据声明18-26中任一项的化合物,其中R1是被烷基氨基甲酰基取代的。
36.根据声明18-26中任一项的化合物,其中R1是被烷基氨基甲酰基酯取代的。
37.根据声明18-26中任一项的化合物,其中R1是被苯基取代的。
38.根据声明37的化合物,其中R1是苄基。
39.根据声明18-26中任一项的化合物,其中R1是被膦酸酯取代的。
40.根据声明18-26中任一项的化合物,其中R1是被C3-7杂环基取代的。
41.根据声明18-26中任一项的化合物,其中R1是被C3-7杂环基取代的,所述C3-7杂环基是被甲基取代的。
42.根据声明18-26中任一项的化合物,其中R1是被C3-7杂环基取代的,所述C3-7杂环基是被氧代取代的。
43.根据声明18-26中任一项的化合物,其中R1是被天然存在的氨基酸取代的。
44.根据声明18-26中任一项的化合物,其中R1是被天然存在的氨基酸取代的,所述天然存在的氨基酸是被甲基N-取代的。
45.根据声明18-26中任一项的化合物,其中R1是被天然存在的氨基酸取代的,所述天然存在的氨基酸是被乙酰基N-取代的。
46.根据声明18-26中任一项的化合物,其中R1是被天然存在的氨基酸取代的,所述天然存在的氨基酸是被boc基团N-取代的。
47.根据声明43-46中任一项的化合物,其中天然存在的氨基酸是缬氨酸。
48.根据声明1至47中任一项的化合物,其中A1是CRA。
49.根据声明1至47中任一项的化合物,其中A1是N。
50.根据声明1至49中任一项的化合物,其中A2是CRB。
51.根据声明1至49中任一项的化合物,其中A2是N。
52.根据声明1至51中任一项的化合物,其中A3是CRC。
53.根据声明1至51中任一项的化合物,其中A3是N。
54.根据声明1至53中任一项的化合物,其中A4是CRD。
55.根据声明1至53中任一项的化合物,其中A4是N。
56.根据声明1至47中任一项的化合物,其中A1是CRA,A2是CRB,A3是CRC,和A4是CRD。
57.根据声明1至47中任一项的化合物,其中A1、A2、A3和A4中的一个是N。
58.根据声明1至47中任一项的化合物,其中A1、A2、A3和A4中的两个是N。
59.根据声明1至47中任一项的化合物,其中该化合物是式IIIb1或IIIb2:
60.根据声明1至47中任一项的化合物,其中该化合物是式IIIc1或IIIc2:
61.根据声明1至47中任一项的化合物,其中该化合物是式IIId1或IIId2:
62.根据声明1至47中任一项的化合物,其中该化合物是式IIIe1或IIIe2:
63.根据声明1至62中任一项的化合物,其中RA、RB、RC和RD中的一个或两个(如果存在的话)选自H、F、Cl、Br、Me、CF3、环丙基、氰基和OMe,其余(如果存在的话)是H。
64.根据声明1至62中任一项的化合物,其中RA、RB、RC和RD中的一个或两个(如果存在的话)选自H、F、Cl、Br、Me、CF3和OMe,其余(如果存在的话)是H。
65.根据声明1至62中任一项的化合物,其中RA、RB、RC和RD中的一个或两个(如果存在的话)选自H、F、Cl、Br和OMe,其余(如果存在的话)是H。
66.根据声明1至62中任一项的化合物,其中:
RA(如果存在的话)选自H、F、Cl、Br、Me、CF3、环丙基、氰基、OMe、OEt和CH2OMe;
RB(如果存在的话)是H;
RC(如果存在的话)是H;
RD(如果存在的话)选自H、F、Cl、Br、Me、CF3、环丙基、氰基、OMe、CH2OH和CH2OMe。
67.根据声明1至62中任一项的化合物,其中:
RA(如果存在的话)选自Cl、Br和OMe;
RB(如果存在的话)是H;
RC(如果存在的话)是H;
RD(如果存在的话)选自H、Me、F、Br、OMe。
68.根据声明56的化合物,其中:
RA是Cl;
RB是H;
RC是H;
RD是H。
69.根据声明56的化合物,其中:
RA是Cl;
RB是H;
RC是H;
RD是Me。
70.根据声明56的化合物,其中:
RA是Cl;
RB是H;
RC是H;
RD是Br。
71.根据声明56的化合物,其中:
RA是Br;
RB是H;
RC是H;
RD是H。
72.根据声明56的化合物,其中:
RA是Cl;
RB是H;
RC是H;
RD是F。
73.根据声明56的化合物,其中:
RA是Cl;
RB是H;
RC是H;
RD是OMe。
74.根据声明56的化合物,其中:
RA是Br;
RB是H;
RC是H;
RD是F。
75.根据声明56的化合物,其中:
RA是OMe;
RB是H;
RC是H;
RD是H。
76.根据声明1至75中任一项的化合物,其中RC1和RC4与RC2和RC3中的一个是独立地选自H、Cl、F、Br、Me、OMe、OEt、氰基、CF3和CH2OH。
77.根据声明1至75中任一项的化合物,其中RC1和RC4与RC2和RC3中的一个是独立地选自H、Cl、F、CF3、OMe和CH2OH。
78.根据声明1至75中任一项的化合物,其中RC1和RC4与RC2和RC3中的一个是独立地选自H、Cl、F和OMe。
79.根据声明1至78中任一项的化合物,其中RC1、RC3和RC4中的两个或RC1、RC2和RC4中的两个是H,并且另一个选自所定义的基团,除H外。
80.根据声明1至78中任一项的化合物,其中RC1、RC3和RC4中的一个或RC1、RC2和RC4中的一个是H,并且另两个独立地选自所定义的基团,除H外。
81.根据声明1至75中任一项的化合物,其中RC1和RC4与RC2和RC3中的一个是H。
82.根据声明1至75中任一项的化合物,其中:
RC1是H;
RC2或RC3是H;和
RC4是F。
83.根据声明1至75中任一项的化合物,其中:
RC1是OMe;
RC2或RC3是H;和
RC4是H。
84.根据声明1至75中任一项的化合物,其中:
RC1是OMe;
RC2或RC3是H;和
RC4是F。
85.根据声明1至75中任一项的化合物,其中:
RC1是Cl;
RC2或RC3是H;和
RC4是H。
86.根据声明1至85中任一项的化合物,其中:
RN1是H。
87.根据声明1至85中任一项的化合物,其中:
RN1是Me。
88.如声明1至87中任一项所定义的化合物,其用于治疗的方法。
89.药物组合物,其包括如声明1至87中任一项所定义的化合物,和药物可接受的赋形剂。
90.治疗或预防通过调节STING而改善的疾病的方法,包括向需要治疗的患者施用如声明1至87中任一项所定义的化合物、或根据声明89的药物组合物。
91.如声明1至87中任一项所定义的化合物在制造用于治疗或预防通过调节STING而改善的疾病的药物中的用途。
92.如声明1至87中任一项所定义的化合物,或其药物组合物,其用于治疗或预防通过调节STING而改善的疾病。
Claims (20)
1.式I的化合物:
其中:
W是O或NH;
R1选自:
(i)H;
(ii)C3-6环烷基;
(iii)C3-7杂环基,其任选地被选自以下的基团取代:
甲基;和
酯;和
(iv)直链或支链C1-4烷基,其任选地被选自以下的基团取代:
烷氧基;
氨基;
酰氨基;
酰基酰氨基;
酰氧基;
烷基羧基酯;
烷基氨基甲酰基;
烷基氨基甲酰基酯;
苯基;
膦酸酯;
任选地被选自甲基和氧代的基团取代的C3-7杂环基;和
天然存在的氨基酸,其任选地被选自甲基、乙酰基和boc的基团N-取代;
A1是CRA或N;
A2是CRB或N;
A3是CRC或N;
A4是CRD或N;
其中A1、A2、A3、和A4中不超过两个可以是N;
RA、RB、RC和RD中的一个或两个(如果存在的话)选自H、F、Cl、Br、Me、CF3、环丙基、氰基、OMe、OEt、CH2OH、CH2OMe和OH;
其余的RA、RB、RC和RD(如果存在的话)是H;
RN1是H或Me;
RC2和RC3中的一个是C(=O)NH2;另一个选自H、Cl、F、Br、Me、OMe、OEt、氰基、CF3、CH2OH、CH2OMe、C2-4烯基和C5杂环基;
RC1和RC4独立地选自H、Cl、F、Br、Me、OMe、OEt、氰基、CF3、CH2OH、CH2OMe、C2-4烯基和C5杂环基。
2.根据权利要求1的化合物,其中W是O。
3.根据权利要求1或2的化合物,其中R1是H。
4.根据权利要求1或2的化合物,其中R1选自C3-6环烷基、任选地被取代的C3-7杂环基、和任选地被取代的直链或支链C1-4烷基。
5.根据权利要求1、2或4中任一项的化合物,其中R1是任选地被取代的直链或支链C1-4烷基。
6.根据权利要求5的化合物,其中R1是任选地被取代的乙基。
7.根据权利要求1至6中任一项的化合物,其中A1是CRA,A2是CRB,A3是CRC,和A4是CRD。
10.根据权利要求1至9中任一项的化合物,其中:
RA(如果存在的话)选自Cl、Br和OMe;
RB(如果存在的话)是H;
RC(如果存在的话)是H;
RD(如果存在的话)选自H、Me、F、Br、OMe。
11.根据权利要求1至6中任一项的化合物,其中A1、A2、A3和A4选自组合1-9∶
12.根据权利要求1至11中任一项的化合物,其中RC1;RC2或RC3;和RC4选自组合1-5:
13.根据权利要求1至12中任一项的化合物,其中RN1是H。
16.如权利要求1至15中任一项所定义的化合物,其用于治疗方法。
17.药物组合物,其包括如权利要求1至15中任一项所定义的化合物,和药物可接受的赋形剂。
18.治疗或预防通过调节STING而改善的疾病的方法,包括向需要治疗的患者施用如权利要求1至15中任一项所定义的化合物、或根据权利要求17的药物组合物。
19.如权利要求1至15中任一项所定义的化合物在制造用于治疗或预防通过调节STING而改善的疾病的药物中的用途。
20.如权利要求1至15中任一项所定义的化合物、或其药物组合物,其用于治疗或预防通过调节STING而改善的疾病。
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PCT/EP2020/070326 WO2021009362A1 (en) | 2019-07-18 | 2020-07-17 | Benzothiophene, thienopyridine and thienopyrimidine derivatives for the modulation of sting |
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- 2020-07-17 ES ES20746127T patent/ES2966333T3/es active Active
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US20220380354A1 (en) | 2022-12-01 |
AU2020312745A1 (en) | 2022-02-17 |
BR112022000619A2 (pt) | 2022-03-03 |
JP2022541043A (ja) | 2022-09-21 |
EP3999184B1 (en) | 2023-09-20 |
CA3147538A1 (en) | 2021-01-21 |
GB201910304D0 (en) | 2019-09-04 |
WO2021009362A1 (en) | 2021-01-21 |
EP3999184A1 (en) | 2022-05-25 |
ES2966333T3 (es) | 2024-04-22 |
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