CN114200540B - Method for dynamically predicting carbonate weathered shell karst reservoir development area - Google Patents
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 53
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 64
- 238000012876 topography Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 26
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002679 ablation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 abstract description 11
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000003872 anastomosis Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 3
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- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009933 burial Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005137 deposition process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000021185 dessert Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007480 spreading Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for dynamically predicting a carbonate weathered shell karst reservoir development zone, which comprises the following steps: 1) Acquiring rock core, slice, logging, drilling, testing and three-dimensional seismic data; 2) Performing stratum division comparison, and determining a top boundary of a target layer, a bottom boundary of the target layer and a deposition discontinuity; 3) Explaining a top boundary of a target layer, a bottom boundary of the target layer and a deposition discontinuity; 4) Restoring karst paleo-topography (corresponding to multiple stages of the entire weathering stage, such as early, medium and end stages) between the bottom boundary of the target layer and adjacent depositional discontinuities, between adjacent depositional discontinuities, and between the top boundary of the target layer and adjacent depositional discontinuities; 5) And comprehensively predicting the development area of the weathered shell karst reservoir according to the recovered multiple karst palace appearances. According to the method, the evolution process of the karst palace and landform of the target layer in the whole weathering period is dynamically revealed, so that the prediction precision of the development area of the target layer weathering crust karst reservoir is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of karst reservoir distribution prediction in the petroleum industry, in particular to a method for dynamically predicting a carbonate weathered shell karst reservoir development area.
Background
Global oil and gas exploration practices have shown that karst is an important mechanism for the formation of high quality carbonate reservoirs. A plurality of large and medium-sized carbonate rock weathered karst reservoir oil and gas fields are found in a Tarim basin, an Erdos basin, a Sichuan basin and a plurality of foreign basins in China at present. Research shows that the distribution of karst reservoirs is closely related to the ancient karst landform, and the ancient karst slope and the ancient karst plateau edge are favorable development areas of the reservoirs, wherein karst hillocks are the areas where the reservoirs develop most. Therefore, accurately restoring karst palace is a key to carbonate rock weathered karst reservoir development area prediction.
In recent years, karst paleo-topography is mainly characterized by a layer sequence stratum method, a impression method, a residual thickness method and the like, so that a carbonate weathered shell karst reservoir development area is predicted. However, the stratum is degraded under the influence of the construction movement, and the karst paleo-landform restored by the residual thickness method has larger error with the actual paleo-landform. Meanwhile, the target layer may have a deposition break in the deposition process, and the stratum can also form a weathered crust karst reservoir after receiving the weathered leaching effect in the deposition break period. At present, the development area of the weathering crust karst reservoir predicts the karst paleo-topography of the whole target layer only to restore the karst paleo-topography of the whole target layer in a certain stage of the whole weathering period, is static, has relatively large error, and fails to dynamically reveal the karst paleo-topography evolution process of the target layer in a plurality of stages of the whole weathering period.
Therefore, in order to further improve the prediction precision, the invention provides a new thought of recovering the karst palace of a plurality of stages such as early stage (namely a first deposition intermittence period of a target layer), middle stage (namely a second deposition intermittence period of the target layer), end stage (namely a construction movement end stage) and the like of the weathering effect, and forms a new method for dynamically predicting the development area of the carbonate weathered shell karst reservoir.
Disclosure of Invention
Developing weathered karst reservoir predictive research is one of the carbonate reservoir research hotspots for a long time. The method for accurately predicting the development area of the weathered shell karst reservoir has very important significance for searching the dessert reservoir, improving the yield of a single well and saving the exploration investment. Therefore, in order to further improve the prediction precision of the distribution of the carbonate weathered crust karst reservoir, the invention provides a method for dynamically predicting the development area of the carbonate weathered crust karst reservoir.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a method of dynamically predicting carbonate weathered shell karst reservoir development zones, the method comprising the steps of:
1) Acquiring rock core, slice, logging, drilling, testing and three-dimensional seismic data;
2) Performing stratum division comparison, and determining a top boundary of a target layer, a bottom boundary of the target layer and a deposition discontinuity;
3) Explaining a top boundary of a target layer, a bottom boundary of the target layer and a deposition discontinuity;
4) Restoring karst paleo-topography (corresponding to multiple stages of the entire weathering stage, such as early, medium and end stages; when only one deposition discontinuity exists, the karst paleo-topography between adjacent deposition discontinuities does not exist, and the corresponding first and last stages of the entire weathering period are the same; of course, more than two deposition discontinuities may be present);
5) And comprehensively predicting the development area of the weathered shell karst reservoir according to the recovered multiple karst palace appearances.
According to the method, the evolution process of the karst palace and landform of the target layer in the whole weathering period is dynamically revealed, so that the prediction accuracy of the development area of the target layer weathering crust karst reservoir is improved.
Based on the method of the invention, preferably, the specific method for acquiring the rock core, the slice, the logging, the drilling, the testing and the three-dimensional seismic data in the step 1) is as follows: a) Visual rock sample characteristics such as lithology, pore size and the like are determined through photographing, visual observation and chemical analysis of the rock core; b) Obtaining data of mineral components, pore types and the like by observing the flakes under a microscope or an electron microscope; c) Obtaining information such as formation lithology composition, rock porosity, permeability, formation oil-gas property and the like by analyzing a logging curve; d) Analyzing formation lithology composition and hole seam development degree through rock scraps and drilling fluid usage degree obtained in the drilling process; e) Directly obtaining the characteristic of the stratum oil-gas by the oil test and gas test conditions; f) The plane spreading of the stratum is described through the explanation of the three-dimensional seismic data, and other information including the structural characteristics of the stratum, the burial depth of the stratum and the like is included;
based on the method of the invention, preferably, in the step 2), based on three-dimensional seismic data, the stratigraphic division comparison is carried out by adopting an interval stratigraphy method in combination with core, slice, logging, well drilling and test data.
Based on the method of the invention, preferably, the well earthquake combination in the step 2) is used for determining the top boundary of the target layer, the bottom boundary of the target layer and the deposition discontinuities by means of the analysis technology such as the same phase axis of the earthquake.
Preferably, the process of determining the top boundary of the destination layer, the bottom boundary of the destination layer and the deposition discontinuities by means of the seismic event isochronous analysis technology comprises the following steps of:
decomposing original seismic data into high-frequency data bodies and low-frequency data bodies, and calculating the inclination angle difference of the two data bodies to form an inclination angle difference data body; and comparing the inclination angle difference data body with the original seismic data, wherein the coincident seismic event is an equal time interface, namely a sedimentary discontinuity.
Based on the method of the invention, preferably, the seismic sequence interpretation technique is adopted in the step 3) to interpret the top boundary of the target layer, the bottom boundary of the target layer and the sedimentary discontinuities. The interpretation of the invention is needed to achieve fine interpretation, and the interpretation is performed on a line-by-line basis on three-dimensional seismic data.
Preferably, step 3) according to the method of the present invention comprises in particular: determining the seismic reflection characteristics of a top boundary of a target layer, a bottom boundary of the target layer and a deposition discontinuity according to the well earthquake fine calibration; and (3) comprehensively considering by adopting a seismic sequence interpretation technology according to a phase mark, an energy mark, a waveform mark and an interface reflection time difference stability comparison principle, and tracking and interpreting the top and bottom boundaries of a target layer and the layer positions of a deposition discontinuities.
Based on the method of the invention, preferably, in step 4), when recovering the karst paleo-topography between the top boundary of the target layer and the adjacent depositional discontinuities, the karst paleo-topography is characterized by the residual formation thickness for the regions of the formation that are not degraded;
for the region of the stratum suffering from the degradation, the karst paleo-topography is characterized according to the stratum deposit thickness of different stratum segments, which is calculated by the deposit inheritance in the same stratum.
The deposition discontinuities may include 1, 2, 3 or more based on the method of the present invention; preferably, the deposition discontinuities include a first deposition discontinuity and a second deposition discontinuity from bottom to top.
Preferably, the residual thickness between the top boundary of the target layer and the second deposition discontinuity is H, corresponding to the region of the formation not degraded, according to the method of the invention 3 The thickness of the stratum between the first deposition discontinuity and the second deposition discontinuity is H 2 ；
Corresponding to the region of the formation subject to degradation, the residual thickness between the top boundary of the target layer and the second deposition discontinuity is h 3 The formation degradation amount is Deltah 3 The thickness of the formation between the first deposition discontinuity and the second deposition discontinuity is h 2 ；
H is obtained by having deposit inheritance in the same layer according to the stratum deposit thickness of different layer segments 3 /H 2 ＝(h 3 +△h 3 )/h 2 Then (h) 3 +△h 3 )＝H 3 ·h 2 /H 2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the With (h) 3 +△h 3 ) To characterize the karst paleo-topography between the top boundary of the target layer and the second depositional discontinuity in the region of the formation subject to ablation.
Based on the method of the invention, preferably, the karst paleo-topography between the bottom boundary of the recovered target layer and the adjacent deposition discontinuities, between the adjacent deposition discontinuities and between the top boundary of the target layer and the adjacent deposition discontinuities correspond to the karst paleo-topography at the early stage, the middle stage and the end stage of the weathering respectively;
the step 5) specifically comprises the following steps: according to the principle that the paleo-topography high potential area is a favorable development area of the weathered crust karst reservoir, the weathered crust karst reservoir development areas of different stages are determined according to the karst paleo-topography recovery results of different stages in the whole weathered action period, on the basis, the weathered crust karst reservoir development areas of different stages are fused, and the distribution of the weathered crust karst reservoir development areas of the target layer is comprehensively predicted.
Compared with the static prediction method of the development area of the weathering crust karst reservoir in the prior art, the method fully considers the karst paleo-topography characteristics of multiple stages of the whole weathering period of the target layer, and simultaneously reduces the formation degradation amount (delta h in figure 2) 3 ) And the prediction accuracy of the development area of the weathered crust karst reservoir is greatly improved by recovering.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method of the present invention for dynamically predicting carbonate weathered shell karst reservoir development zones.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a karst paleo-geographic restoration technique at different stages of the weathering period.
FIG. 3 is a four-stage weathering early stage karst paleo-topography of a lamp assembly lamp recovered in an example.
Fig. 4 is a karst paleo-topography at the end of four-stage weathering of a lamp set lamp recovered in an example.
FIG. 5 is a plan view of a predicted four segment weathered karst reservoir development zone for a lamp array lamp according to an example.
Detailed Description
In order to more clearly illustrate the present invention, the present invention will be further described with reference to preferred embodiments. It is to be understood by persons skilled in the art that the following detailed description is illustrative and not restrictive, and that this invention is not limited to the details given herein.
As shown in fig. 1, the present invention provides a method for dynamically predicting carbonate weathered shell karst reservoir development zone, comprising the steps of:
1) Acquiring rock core, slice, logging, drilling, testing and three-dimensional seismic data;
2) Performing stratum division comparison, and determining a top boundary of a target layer, a bottom boundary of the target layer and a deposition discontinuity;
3) Explaining a top boundary of a target layer, a bottom boundary of the target layer and a deposition discontinuity;
4) Restoring karst paleo-topography (corresponding to multiple stages of the entire weathering stage, such as early, medium and end stages) between the bottom boundary of the target layer and adjacent depositional discontinuities, between adjacent depositional discontinuities, and between the top boundary of the target layer and adjacent depositional discontinuities;
5) And comprehensively predicting the development area of the weathered shell karst reservoir according to the recovered multiple karst palace appearances.
The present invention provides in part a preferred embodiment, the method comprising the steps of:
1) And acquiring core, slice, logging, drilling, testing and three-dimensional seismic data.
2) And (5) carrying out stratum division comparison, and determining a top boundary of the target layer, a bottom boundary of the target layer and a deposition discontinuity.
Based on three-dimensional seismic data, combining rock cores, slices, well logging, well drilling and test data, carrying out stratum division comparison by adopting a layer sequence stratigraphy method, combining well and earthquake, and determining a top boundary of a target layer, a bottom boundary of the target layer and a deposition discontinuity by means of an equal-time analysis technology (technical thought: decomposing original seismic data into high-frequency and low-frequency data bodies, calculating the inclination angle difference of the two data bodies to form an inclination angle difference data body, comparing the inclination angle difference data body with the original data body, and determining the coincident equal-time interfaces of the seismic phase bodies, namely the deposition discontinuities). As shown in FIG. 2, the deposition discontinuities include a first deposition discontinuity and a second deposition discontinuity from bottom to top.
3) The top boundary of the target layer, the bottom boundary of the target layer and the deposition discontinuities are explained.
Determining the seismic reflection characteristics of a top boundary of a target layer, a bottom boundary of the target layer and a deposition discontinuity according to the well earthquake fine calibration; by adopting a seismic sequence interpretation technology, the layers of the top, bottom and sedimentary discontinuities of the target layer are tracked and interpreted according to comparison principles such as phase marks (in-phase), energy marks (amplitude intensity and stability), waveform marks (waveform characteristic similarity), interface reflection time difference stability and the like.
4) Restoring karst paleo-topography (corresponding to multiple stages of the entire weathering stage, such as early, medium and end stages) between the bottom boundary of the target layer and adjacent depositional discontinuities, between adjacent depositional discontinuities, and between the top boundary of the target layer and adjacent depositional discontinuities;
as shown in fig. 2, an example includes two deposition discontinuities. In restoring the karst paleo-topography between the top boundary of the target layer and the adjacent sedimentary discontinuities (second sedimentary discontinuities), the residual layer thickness h of the target layer is used for the region of the stratum subject to degradation 3 Can not truly reflect the karst paleomorphology of the target layer at the end of weathering, can only use h 3 +△h 3 Can truly represent the karst paleo-topography. For the regions of the formation not degraded, the residual formation thickness H 3 Characterizing karst paleo-topography; for the region of the stratum suffering from the degradation, the karst paleo-topography is characterized according to the stratum deposit thickness of different stratum segments, which is calculated by the deposit inheritance in the same stratum.
Specifically, corresponding to the region of the formation not degraded, the residual thickness between the top boundary of the target layer and the second deposition discontinuity is H 3 (characterizing the end-stage paleomorphology of weathering), the thickness of the formation between the first and second depositional discontinuities is H 2 (characterizing mid-weathering paleo-topography), the formation thickness between the first sedimentary discontinuities and the bottom boundary of the target layer is H 1 (characterizing early paleomorphology of weathering). Corresponding to the region of the formation subject to degradation, a residual thickness between the top boundary of the target layer and the second deposition discontinuity of h 3 The formation degradation amount is Deltah 3 The thickness of the formation between the first deposition discontinuity and the second deposition discontinuity is h 2 (characterizing mid-weathering paleo-topography), a formation thickness between the first sedimentary discontinuities and the bottom boundary of the target layer of h 1 (characterizing early paleomorphology of weathering).
H is obtained by having deposit inheritance in the same layer according to the stratum deposit thickness of different layer segments 3 /H 2 ＝(h 3 +△h 3 )/h 2 Then (h) 3 +△h 3 )＝H 3 ·h 2 /H 2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the With (h) 3 +△h 3 ) To characterize the karst paleo-topography between the top boundary of the target layer and the second depositional discontinuity in the region of the formation subject to ablation.
5) And comprehensively predicting the development area of the weathered shell karst reservoir according to the recovered multiple karst palace appearances.
According to the principle that the paleo-topography high potential area is a favorable development area of the weathered crust karst reservoir, the weathered crust karst reservoir development areas of different stages are determined according to the karst paleo-topography recovery results of different stages in the whole weathered action period, on the basis, the weathered crust karst reservoir development areas of different stages are fused, and the distribution of the weathered crust karst reservoir development areas of the target layer is comprehensively predicted.
The embodiment of the invention adopts the existing static prediction method and the dynamic prediction method of the preferable scheme to comparatively predict the carbonate weathered shell karst reservoir development area aiming at the SC basin GS area. The weathering stage in this area includes a pre-stage and an end-stage.
Figure 3 shows a karst ancient plot of a certain stage (early stage) of recovery based on weathering. The high and low areas of the topography can be seen, and the areas with higher topography develop weathered crust karst reservoirs, so that the weathered crust karst reservoir distribution at a certain stage (early stage) based on the weathering can be determined. By comparing with the development degree of the reservoir in actual drilling in the graph, the anastomosis rate is lower: of the 14 wells drilled, 10 wells fit, with a fit rate of only 71%.
Figure 4 shows a karst ancient plot of a restoration at some stage (end stage) based on weathering. The high and low areas of topography can be seen, and the areas with higher topography develop weathered crust karst reservoirs, so that the distribution of the weathered crust karst reservoirs at a certain stage (end stage) of weathering can be determined. By comparing with the development degree of the reservoir in actual drilling in the graph, the anastomosis rate is lower: of the 14 wells drilled, 8 wells fit with only 57%.
FIG. 5 shows a weathered karst reservoir profile determined based on the dynamic restored karst paleo-topography of the present invention. In the figure, a dark gray region is an early karst reservoir development region, a light gray region is a terminal karst reservoir development region, and the dark gray region and the light gray region jointly form a target karst reservoir development region. By comparing with the development degree of the reservoir in actual drilling, the anastomosis rate is higher: of the 14 wells drilled, 13 wells were anastomosed, and the anastomosis rate reached 93%.
The exploration practice shows that the dynamic prediction method provided by the invention is feasible in the prediction of carbonate weathered shell karst reservoir development areas, and is worth being used as a reference in similar areas.
It should be understood that the foregoing examples of the present invention are provided merely for clearly illustrating the present invention and are not intended to limit the embodiments of the present invention, and that various other changes and modifications may be made therein by one skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (4)
1. A method of dynamically predicting carbonate weathered shell karst reservoir development zones, comprising the steps of:
1) Acquiring core, slice, logging, drilling, testing and three-dimensional seismic data,
2) Performing stratum division comparison, and determining a top boundary of a target layer, a bottom boundary of the target layer and a deposition discontinuity;
3) Explaining a top boundary of a target layer, a bottom boundary of the target layer and a deposition discontinuity;
4) Restoring karst paleo-topography between a bottom boundary of a target layer and an adjacent deposition discontinuity, between adjacent deposition discontinuities, and between a top boundary of the target layer and an adjacent deposition discontinuity by adopting a stratum thickness method;
5) Comprehensively predicting a development area of the weathered shell karst reservoir according to the recovered multiple karst palace appearances;
step 3) adopting a seismic sequence interpretation technology to interpret the top boundary of the target layer, the bottom boundary of the target layer and the deposition discontinuities;
the step 3) specifically comprises the following steps: determining the seismic reflection characteristics of a top boundary of a target layer, a bottom boundary of the target layer and a deposition discontinuity according to the well earthquake fine calibration; comprehensively considering according to phase marks, energy marks, waveform marks and interface reflection time difference stability comparison principles by adopting a seismic sequence interpretation technology, and tracking and interpreting the top and bottom boundaries of a target layer and the layer positions of a deposition discontinuities;
in the step 4), when the karst paleo-topography between the top boundary of the target layer and the adjacent deposition discontinuities is restored, the karst paleo-topography is characterized by the thickness of the residual stratum for the area of the stratum which is not degraded;
for the region of the stratum suffering from the degradation, representing the karst paleo-topography according to the stratum thickness calculated by the deposit inheritance of the stratum deposit thickness of different stratum sections in the same stratum;
the deposition discontinuities include a first deposition discontinuity and a second deposition discontinuity from bottom to top;
corresponding to the non-degraded area of the stratum, the residual thickness between the top boundary of the target layer and the second deposition gap is H 3 The thickness of the stratum between the first deposition discontinuity and the second deposition discontinuity is H 2 ；
Corresponding to the region of the formation subject to degradation, the residual thickness between the top boundary of the target layer and the second deposition discontinuity is h 3 The formation degradation amount is Deltah 3 The thickness of the formation between the first deposition discontinuity and the second deposition discontinuity is h 2 ；
H is obtained by having deposit inheritance in the same layer according to the stratum deposit thickness of different layer segments 3 /H 2 ＝(h 3 +△h 3 )/h 2 Then (h) 3 +△h 3 )＝H 3 ·h 2 /H 2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the With (h) 3 +△h 3 ) To characterize a karst paleo-topography between a top boundary of a target layer and a second depositional discontinuity of an area of the formation subject to ablation;
the karst paleo-topography between the restored bottom boundary of the target layer and the adjacent deposition discontinuities, between the adjacent deposition discontinuities and between the top boundary of the target layer and the adjacent deposition discontinuities correspond to the karst paleo-topography at the early stage, the middle stage and the end stage of the weathering respectively;
the step 5) specifically comprises the following steps: according to the principle that the paleo-topography high potential area is a favorable development area of the weathered crust karst reservoir, the weathered crust karst reservoir development areas of different stages are determined according to the karst paleo-topography recovery results of different stages in the whole weathered action period, on the basis, the weathered crust karst reservoir development areas of different stages are fused, and the distribution of the weathered crust karst reservoir development areas of the target layer is comprehensively predicted.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the stratigraphic division comparison is performed in step 2) using a sequence stratigraphy method based on three-dimensional seismic data in combination with core, slice, log, well and test data.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the top boundary of the destination layer, the bottom boundary of the destination layer and the depositional discontinuities are determined by means of the seismic event isochronous analysis technique in step 2) in conjunction with the well shocks.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein determining the top boundary of the destination layer, the bottom boundary of the destination layer, and the depositional discontinuities by means of seismic event isochronous analysis techniques comprises:
decomposing original seismic data into high-frequency data bodies and low-frequency data bodies, and calculating the inclination angle difference of the two data bodies to form an inclination angle difference data body; and comparing the inclination angle difference data body with the original seismic data, wherein the coincident seismic event is an equal time interface, namely a sedimentary discontinuity.
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