CN109870721A - A kind of method of sea area hydrate concentration prediction - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of methods of sea area hydrate concentration prediction, comprising the following steps: 1) seismic data pre-processes, and obtains observation shot gather data and Migration velocity model；2) based on the observation shot gather data obtained in step 1), seismic wavelet is extracted using earthquake shortcut first arrival；3) based on the Migration velocity model obtained in step 1), seawater and near Sea Bottom initial velocity model and density model are established from top to bottom；4) using seawater and near Sea Bottom initial velocity model and density model progress full waveform inversion is established in the seismic wavelet and step 3) obtained in step 2) from top to bottom, final fine rate pattern is obtained；5) hydrate, and calculated hydration object saturation degree are identified using the fine rate pattern obtained in step 4).
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of methods of sea area hydrate concentration prediction, belong to petroleum exploration domain.
Background technique
Gas hydrates are a kind of solids like ice formed under cryogenic high pressure by gas molecules such as water and methane
Matter, the mixture formed by gas-liquid-solid three-state have the characteristics that energy resource density height, clean and environmental protection, distribution are wide.According to american energy
Portion predicts that global Gas Hydrate Resources are 20,000,000,000,000 barrels of oil equivalent, is global coal, petroleum, total organic carbon in natural gas
2 times.So gas hydrates are the 21 century generally acknowledged new green energies for taking over the conventional energy resources such as coal, petroleum.Closely
Countries in the world increase the dynamics of the research of the exploration and development to hydrate over year.
Seismic method is the main means at ocean gas hydrate exploration initial stage.In the exploration phase, earthquake number is utilized
It is primary task according to the position of identification hydrate and the saturation degree of estimation hydrate, is design probing well location, and then water is discussed
Close the element task of the safe working scheme of object.In recent years, the domestic research for having carried out related fields.With weight magnetoelectricity skill
Art, scape build (research of the ocean controllable source electromagnetism of Qiong-dongnan Basin gas hydrates and its Reservoir model, the geophysics such as grace
Report, 2018) inquire into application of the ocean controllable source electromagnetic method in the position of detection hydrate.(the 3-D seismics such as Zhang Guangxue
The Shenhu sea area feature of acoustic speed containing hydrate formation disclosed with OBS joint exploration, Chinese Journal of Geophysics, 2014) it proposes
Utilize the acoustic speed feature of 3-D seismics and OBS joint exploration hydrate.(the marginal basins Shenhu sea area natural gas such as Xu Huaning
Hydrate seismic recognition and distribution characteristics, Chinese Journal of Geophysics, 2010) seismic data and log data potentiality are excavated, for south
China sea Shenhu sea area hydrate has carried out seismic recognition work.In addition there are much begin one's study hydrate from well logging
Work, focuses primarily upon the calculating of hydrate concentration.
But there are three the problem of aspect not to be solved very well.First is that the identification of hydrate also needs further essence
It is quasi-.On seismic profile, hydrate generally has obvious Bottom-simulating reflector (BSR) phenomenon.But because underground medium
The reasons such as construction, medium phase transformation can also generate pseudo- BSR phenomenon, bring difficulty for the identification of hydrate.Second is that the research of hydrate
It also be unable to do without well, that is, " a peephole view " for often saying mostly.The identification of hydrate and the calculating of saturation degree will rely on well logging money
Material, but hydrate exploration initial stage well logging quantity is extremely limited, even if there is well, due to the specific position of hydrate, obtains more high-quality
It is also more difficult to measure well data.Third is that research emphasis concentrates on the exploration of hydrate all the time, less focus on and hydrate association
Free gas prediction, and with the presence or absence of free gas be hydrate safe working one of key factor.It solves the above problems, also
The constraint that well should be detached from is exploited potentialities in the seismic data.
In fact, the generally existing hydrate in profundal zone high speed (usually than country rock speed 300-700m/s higher), and dissociate
The feature of gas low speed (usually 300-1000m/s lower than country rock speed), so being one by speed identification hydrate and free gas
A effective means, but due to hydrate longitudinal direction general thickness less, laterally it is discontinuous, at block distribution, Conventional chromatography imaging
It is difficult to depict its lateral velocity variations with velocity scanning, so needing complete by means of the velocity modeling means-of higher precision
Waveform inversion technology.
Summary of the invention
In view of the above-mentioned problems, the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of method of sea area hydrate concentration prediction, this method
It is finally inversed by accurately speed using full waveform inversion technology, according to the speed difference of hydrate and country rock, hydrate and is dissociated
Gas is distinguished, and the saturation degree of hydrate is gone out further according to hydrate speed and saturation degree relationship quantitative forecast, for opening for hydrate
It sends out well location selection and reliable foundation is provided.
To achieve the above object, the present invention uses following technical scheme, a kind of method of sea area hydrate concentration prediction,
Characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) seismic data pre-processes, and obtains observation shot gather data and Migration velocity model；
2) based on the observation shot gather data obtained in step 1), seismic wavelet is extracted using earthquake shortcut first arrival；
3) based on the Migration velocity model obtained in step 1), seawater and near Sea Bottom initial velocity model are established from top to bottom
And density model, detailed process is as follows:
3.1) it determines the speed of sea water layer in Migration velocity model, and determines the density of sea water layer；
3.2) the accurate sub-sea location in Migration velocity model is determined；
3.3) speed and density on stratum below seabed in Migration velocity model are determined；
4) using at the beginning of the seawater and near Sea Bottom established from top to bottom in the seismic wavelet and step 3) obtained in step 2)
Beginning rate pattern and density model carry out full waveform inversion, obtain final fine rate pattern；
5) hydrate, and calculated hydration object saturation degree are identified using the fine rate pattern obtained in step 4)；
Hydrate is identified on the fine rate pattern that velocity characteristic according to hydrate obtains in step 4)；By hydrate
Saturation degree and effecive porosity relational expression and the fit correlation formula of effecive porosity and speed are joined together, calculated hydration object saturation
Degree.
In above-mentioned steps 5) in, hydrate concentration and effecive porosity relational expression are as follows:
In formula, S is hydrate concentration；RwFor aquifer water-bearing stratum resistivity；RtFor purpose layer resistivity；φ effecive porosity；
m、n、a1、b1It is empirical；
The fit correlation formula of effecive porosity and hydrate speed are as follows:
φ=a2v2+b2v+c1
In formula, a2、b2、c1For fitting coefficient；V is hydrate speed.
Above-mentioned steps 3.1) in, determine the density of the speed of sea water layer and sea water layer in Migration velocity model,
Determine the speed of sea water layer, detailed process is as follows:
A), the temperature curve of acquisition period seawater is obtained, the ocean temperature T under different depth is obtained；
B), the ocean temperature T obtained in step a) is substituted into black moral formula and estimates seawater speed, obtain seawater rate curve
Figure；
Black moral formula is as follows:
C=1450+4.21T-0.037T2+1.14(S-35)+0.175P
In formula, C is seawater speed；T is ocean temperature；S is seawater salinity；P is seawater pressure；
Determine the density of sea water layer, specifically:
The density of seawater takes constant value, is 1.03kg/m3。
In above-mentioned steps 3.2) in, determine the accurate sub-sea location in Migration velocity model, detailed process is as follows:
I), based on above-mentioned steps 2) obtain seismic wavelet data, through above-mentioned steps 3.1) treated have determine sea
The Migration velocity model of water layer speed and density obtains forward modeling shot gather data using positive algorithm；
Ii), the observation obtained when the sub-bottom reflection obtained in forward modeling shot gather data in step i) being travelled and in step 1)
It is compared when the sub-bottom reflection travelling of shot gather data；If there is larger travel-time difference, sub-sea location is adjusted；
Iii), step i) and ii is repeated), the observation big gun in the forward modeling shot gather data and step 1) obtained in step i)
Collect consistent when the sub-bottom reflection travelling of data, completes the determination of accurate sub-sea location in Migration velocity model.
In above-mentioned steps 3.3) in, determine the speed and density on stratum below seabed in Migration velocity model；Detailed process
It is as follows:
1., be based on above-mentioned steps 2) the seismic wavelet data that obtain, through above-mentioned steps 3.1) and 3.2) treated has
The Migration velocity model for determining seawater interval velocity and density and accurate sub-sea location obtains forward modeling big gun collection number using positive algorithm
According to；
2., comparison step 1. in obtain forward modeling shot gather data sub-bottom reflection amplitude and step 1) in obtain observation big gun
Collect the size of the sub-bottom reflection amplitude of data to determine the reflection coefficient in seabed；
3., based on the reflection coefficient 2. obtained, Gardner formula is combined with determining seabed or less according to reflection coefficient formula
The speed and density of layer；
Reflection coefficient formula is as follows:
In formula, R is reflection coefficient；ρ2And V2Respectively understratum density and speed；ρ1And V1Respectively upper formation is close
Degree and speed；
Gardner formula is as follows:
ρ=aVc
In formula, ρ is Media density；V is medium velocity；A, c is constant.
In above-mentioned steps 3.3) in, in the speed and density for determining seabed or less stratum, hard seabed should be also considered respectively
Condition and soft sub-sea conditions,
For under hard sub-sea conditions, above-mentioned steps 3.3) in the 3. in step, the constant a in Gardner formula is 0.31,
C is 0.25；
In the case of soft seabed, above-mentioned steps 3.3) in the 3. in step, the constant a and c in Gardner formula are by intending
Conjunction obtains.
In above-mentioned steps 1) in, seismic data pretreatment includes non-linear earthquake shot gather data and linear voice compacting, filters
Wave and offset, while seismic data obtains Migration velocity model by migration processing.
The invention adopts the above technical scheme, has the advantages that the 1, present invention by being located in advance to seismic data
Reason, the observation shot gather data and Migration velocity model that are obtained according to pretreatment establish the initial speed of seawater and near Sea Bottom from top to bottom
Model and density model are spent, then high-precision speed mould is established by full waveform inversion technology based on initial velocity density model
Type；Hydrate is identified on rate pattern according to the velocity characteristic of hydrate, and hydrate and free gas are distinguished, and is water
The development wells selection for closing object provides reliable foundation.2, the present invention by the fit correlation formula of speed and effecive porosity, effectively
The relational expression of porosity and hydrate concentration is joined together, and the saturation degree of calculated hydration object realizes the pre- of hydrate concentration
It surveys.Saturation degree of the present invention according to body of velocity estimation hydrate, so that hydrate concentration prediction can be in Wu Jing and few wellblock
Carry out, hydrate exploration exploitation of the strong support without well or few wellblock.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is ocean temperature change curve；
Fig. 2 is seawater speed change curves；
Fig. 3 was the seismic cross-section of certain well；
Fig. 4 was the seawater and near Sea Bottom initial velocity model figure of certain well；
Fig. 5 is the fine rate pattern figure after 50 iteration full waveform inversions；
Fig. 6 is the rate pattern figure removed under background velocity.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.It should be appreciated, however, that the offer of attached drawing is only
For a better understanding of the present invention, they should not be interpreted as limitation of the present invention.
The present invention provides a kind of methods of sea area hydrate concentration prediction comprising following steps:
1) seismic data pre-processes, and obtains observation shot gather data and Migration velocity model；
Seismic data process includes earthquake shot gather data is non-linear and linear voice is suppressed, filters, deviates etc..Seismic data
The principle of processing is the wave that removes forward simulation and cannot simulate, and is effectively protected low frequency, so should be in the base of analysis data
On plinth, the linear and nonlinear noise in initial data is suppressed, external source interference is suppressed, earthquake is carried out and protects at width
Reason, and to require to carry out low-pass filtering treatment work according to inverting；Seismic data obtains migration velocity by migration processing simultaneously
Model.
2) based on the observation shot gather data obtained in step 1), seismic wavelet is extracted using earthquake shortcut first arrival, for just
Drill operation and full waveform inversion；
3) based on the Migration velocity model obtained in step 1), seawater and near Sea Bottom initial velocity model are established from top to bottom
And density model, it is used for full waveform inversion technology, detailed process is as follows:
3.1) density of the speed of sea water layer and sea water layer in Migration velocity model is determined；
Determine the speed of sea water layer, detailed process is as follows:
A), the temperature curve (as shown in Figure 1) of acquisition period seawater is obtained, the ocean temperature T under different depth is obtained；
B), the ocean temperature T obtained in step a) is substituted into black moral formula and estimates seawater speed, obtain seawater rate curve
Scheme (as shown in Figure 2),
Black moral formula is as follows:
C=1450+4.21T-0.037T2+1.14(S-35)+0.175P (1)
In formula, C is seawater speed；T is ocean temperature；S is seawater salinity；P is seawater pressure；
Since global ocean salinity altercation is little, the coefficient of formula (1) pressure is smaller, so playing main make to seawater speed
It is ocean temperature.So the temperature curve for obtaining acquisition period seawater is the key that the seawater speed for calculating different depth.
Determine the density of sea water layer, specifically:
The density of seawater takes constant value, is 1.03kg/m3；
3.2) the accurate sub-sea location in Migration velocity model is determined
Sub-sea location determination is particularly significant to the full waveform inversion technology of hydrate, because hydrate is close apart from seabed, no
Accurate seabed will cause biggish residual error, so that calculated speed update gradient is larger, so that it is smaller to have flooded hydrate
Speed difference gradient.
Detailed process is as follows:
I), based on step 2) obtain seismic wavelet data, through step 3.1) treated have determine seawater interval velocity
With the Migration velocity model of density, forward modeling shot gather data is obtained using positive algorithm；
Ii), the observation obtained when the sub-bottom reflection obtained in forward modeling shot gather data in step i) being travelled and in step 1)
It is compared when the sub-bottom reflection travelling of shot gather data；If there is larger travel-time difference, sub-sea location is adjusted；
Iii), step i) and ii is repeated), the observation big gun in the forward modeling shot gather data and step 1) obtained in step i)
Collect consistent when the sub-bottom reflection travelling of data, completes the determination of accurate sub-sea location in Migration velocity model.
3.3) speed and density on stratum below seabed in Migration velocity model are determined；
Detailed process are as follows:
1., based on step 2) obtain seismic wavelet data, through step 3.1) and 3.2) treated have determine seawater
The Migration velocity model of interval velocity and density and accurate sub-sea location obtains forward modeling shot gather data using positive algorithm；
2., comparison step 1. in obtain forward modeling shot gather data sub-bottom reflection amplitude and step 1) in obtain observation big gun
The size for collecting the sub-bottom reflection amplitude of data determines the reflection coefficient in seabed；
3., based on the reflection coefficient 2. obtained, Gardner formula is combined with determining seabed or less according to reflection coefficient formula
The speed and density of layer；
Reflection coefficient formula is as follows:
In formula, R is reflection coefficient；ρ2And V2Respectively understratum density and speed；ρ1And V1Respectively upper formation is close
Degree and speed；
Gardner formula is as follows:
ρ=aVc (3)
In formula, ρ is Media density；V is medium velocity；A, c is constant.
4) using at the beginning of the seawater and near Sea Bottom established from top to bottom in the seismic wavelet and step 3) obtained in step 2)
Beginning rate pattern and density model carry out full waveform inversion and obtain final fine rate pattern；
5) hydrate, and calculated hydration object saturation degree are identified using fine rate pattern obtained in step 4),
What the velocity characteristic (usually 300-700m/s higher than country rock speed) according to hydrate can obtain in step 4)
Hydrate is identified on fine rate pattern；
Hydrate concentration and effecive porosity relational expression,
In formula, S is hydrate concentration；RwFor aquifer water-bearing stratum resistivity；RtFor purpose layer resistivity；φ effecive porosity；
m、n、a1、b1It is empirical；
Since in hydrate section, variable density is smaller, the variation of effecive porosity is mainly shown as the variation of speed, can be with
Effecive porosity is calculated with the fit correlation formula of effecive porosity φ and speed v,
The fit correlation formula of effecive porosity φ and hydrate speed v are as follows:
φ=a2v2+b2v+c1 (5)
In formula, a2、b2、c1For fitting coefficient；
The saturation degree of hydrate can be obtained in convolution (4), (5), realizes the prediction of sea area hydrate concentration.
Further, in above-mentioned steps 3) in, in the speed and density for determining seabed or less stratum, should also consider respectively
Hard sub-sea conditions and soft sub-sea conditions,
Because of submarine sediment environment and depositional history difference, sedimentation consolidation is hard seabed preferably under some area water layers,
Its vertical speed and density are higher, and the normal sedimentation layer that can be covered under considers together.And soft seabed it is vertical cross speed and density all compared with
Low, speed and density will individually consider, then consider further that the speed and density of the normal sedimentation layer covered under soft seabed.
Specifically, under hard sub-sea conditions, can be combined according to reflection coefficient formula Gardner formula determine seabed with
The speed and density on lower stratum, wherein a is 0.31, c 0.25；
In the case of soft seabed, Gardner formula can be combined according to reflection coefficient formula and determine seabed or less stratum
Speed and density, wherein a and c constant can be fitted to obtain as the case may be.
The present invention is explained below according to specific embodiment；
Embodiment 1:
The seismic cross-section in the area Tu3Wei Mou；
Fig. 4 is the initial velocity model figure of seawater and near Sea Bottom, the initial velocity as full waveform inversion；
Fig. 5 is the fine rate pattern figure obtained after full waveform inversion, at arrow is exactly hydrate distributed area in Fig. 5
Domain；
For clearer displaying, Fig. 5 can be subtracted Fig. 4 and obtain rate pattern figure (such as Fig. 6 under removal background velocity
It is shown), arrow pointed location finds out the distribution situation of hydrate in Fig. 6；According to the effecive porosity of hydrate and speed from
Scattered value is fitted, and obtains the fit correlation formula of effecive porosity and speed, then combines hydrate concentration and effecive porosity
Relational expression, can calculated hydration object saturation degree.
The present invention is to establish on accurate speed basis to carry out hydrate identification and saturation based on full waveform inversion technology
Degree estimation.The problem of core is to establish high-precision rate pattern, is known on rate pattern according to the velocity characteristic of hydrate
Other hydrate combines the relational expression of the fit correlation formula of speed and effecive porosity, effecive porosity and hydrate concentration
Get up, the saturation degree of calculated hydration object realizes the identification of hydrate and the prediction of saturation degree.
The present invention is only illustrated with above-described embodiment, and structure, setting position and its connection of each component are all can have
Changed.Based on the technical solution of the present invention, the improvement or equivalent that all principles according to the present invention carry out individual part
Transformation, should not exclude except protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of method of sea area hydrate concentration prediction, which comprises the following steps:
1) seismic data pre-processes, and obtains observation shot gather data and Migration velocity model；
2) based on the observation shot gather data obtained in step 1), seismic wavelet is extracted using earthquake shortcut first arrival；
3) based on the Migration velocity model obtained in step 1), seawater and near Sea Bottom initial velocity model and close are established from top to bottom
Model is spent, detailed process is as follows:
3.1) it determines the speed of sea water layer in Migration velocity model, and determines the density of sea water layer；
3.2) the accurate sub-sea location in Migration velocity model is determined；
3.3) speed and density on stratum below seabed in Migration velocity model are determined；
4) initially fast using the seawater and near Sea Bottom established from top to bottom in the seismic wavelet and step 3) obtained in step 2)
It spends model and density model carries out full waveform inversion, obtain final fine rate pattern；
5) hydrate, and calculated hydration object saturation degree are identified using the fine rate pattern obtained in step 4)；
Hydrate is identified on the fine rate pattern that velocity characteristic according to hydrate obtains in step 4)；Hydrate is saturated
Degree and effecive porosity relational expression and the fit correlation formula of effecive porosity and speed are joined together, calculated hydration object saturation degree.
2. a kind of method of sea area hydrate concentration prediction as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that in above-mentioned steps 5)
In, hydrate concentration and effecive porosity relational expression are as follows:
In formula, S is hydrate concentration；RwFor aquifer water-bearing stratum resistivity；RtFor purpose layer resistivity；φ effecive porosity；m,n,
a1、b1It is empirical；
The fit correlation formula of effecive porosity and hydrate speed are as follows:
φ=a2v2+b2v+c1
In formula, a2、b2、c1For fitting coefficient；V is hydrate speed.
3. a kind of method of sea area hydrate concentration prediction as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that above-mentioned steps 3.1)
In, it determines the density of the speed of sea water layer and sea water layer in Migration velocity model, determines the detailed process of the speed of sea water layer such as
Under:
A), the temperature curve of acquisition period seawater is obtained, the ocean temperature T under different depth is obtained；
B), the ocean temperature T obtained in step a) is substituted into black moral formula and estimates seawater speed, obtain seawater speed curve diagram；
Black moral formula is as follows:
C=1450+4.21T-0.037T2+1.14(S-35)+0.175P
In formula, C is seawater speed；T is ocean temperature；S is seawater salinity；P is seawater pressure；
Determine the density of sea water layer, specifically:
The density of seawater takes constant value, is 1.03kg/m3。
4. a kind of method of sea area hydrate concentration prediction as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that in above-mentioned steps
3.2) in, the accurate sub-sea location in Migration velocity model is determined, detailed process is as follows:
I), based on above-mentioned steps 2) obtain seismic wavelet data, through above-mentioned steps 3.1) treated have determine sea water layer
The Migration velocity model of speed and density obtains forward modeling shot gather data using positive algorithm；
Ii), the observation big gun collection obtained when the sub-bottom reflection obtained in forward modeling shot gather data in step i) being travelled and in step 1)
It is compared when the sub-bottom reflection travelling of data；If there is larger travel-time difference, sub-sea location is adjusted；
Iii), step i) and ii is repeated), the observation big gun collection number in the forward modeling shot gather data and step 1) obtained in step i)
According to sub-bottom reflection travelling when it is consistent, complete the determination of accurate sub-sea location in Migration velocity model.
5. a kind of method of sea area hydrate concentration prediction as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that in above-mentioned steps
3.3) in, the speed and density on stratum below seabed in Migration velocity model are determined；Detailed process is as follows:
1., based on above-mentioned steps 2) obtain seismic wavelet data, through above-mentioned steps 3.1) and 3.2) treated have determination
The Migration velocity model of seawater interval velocity and density and accurate sub-sea location obtains forward modeling shot gather data using positive algorithm；
2., comparison step 1. in obtain forward modeling shot gather data sub-bottom reflection amplitude and step 1) in obtain observation big gun collection number
According to the size of sub-bottom reflection amplitude determine the reflection coefficient in seabed；
3., based on the reflection coefficient 2. obtained, Gardner formula is combined according to reflection coefficient formula and determines seabed or less stratum
Speed and density；
Reflection coefficient formula is as follows:
In formula, R is reflection coefficient；ρ2And V2Respectively understratum density and speed；ρ1And V1Respectively upper formation density and
Speed；
Gardner formula is as follows:
ρ=aVc
In formula, ρ is Media density；V is medium velocity；A, c is constant.
6. a kind of method of sea area hydrate concentration prediction as claimed in claim 5, which is characterized in that in above-mentioned steps
3.3) in, in the speed and density for determining seabed or less stratum, hard sub-sea conditions and soft sub-sea conditions should be also considered respectively,
For under hard sub-sea conditions, above-mentioned steps 3.3) in the 3. in step, the constant a in Gardner formula is that 0.31, c is
0.25；
In the case of soft seabed, above-mentioned steps 3.3) in the 3. in step, the constant a and c in Gardner formula are by being fitted
It arrives.
7. a kind of method of sea area hydrate concentration prediction as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: in above-mentioned steps 1)
In, it includes non-linear earthquake shot gather data and linear voice compacting that seismic data, which pre-processes, filters and deviates, while seismic data
Migration velocity model is obtained by migration processing.
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| CN111722282A (en) * | 2020-06-18 | 2020-09-29 | 中国科学院海洋研究所 | Method for predicting natural gas hydrate reservoir top hydrate saturation by AVO |
| CN112185469A (en) * | 2020-09-16 | 2021-01-05 | 广州海洋地质调查局 | Method for predicting favorable gathering area of sea natural gas hydrate |
| CN112177605A (en) * | 2020-09-16 | 2021-01-05 | 广州海洋地质调查局 | Method for determining main control factors of favorable gathering area of sea natural gas hydrate |
| CN112363212A (en) * | 2020-11-27 | 2021-02-12 | 广东海洋大学 | Method for establishing relation model between plume gas content and seismic attributes and application |
| CN116047602A (en) * | 2023-01-16 | 2023-05-02 | 中国海洋大学 | Type II hydrate saturation prediction method based on hydrocarbon production numerical simulation |
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