CN113093286B - Inversion method for reservoir heterogeneity of cold spring development area - Google Patents
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Abstract
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明属于石油天然气水合物勘探领域，具体说是一种高通量流体渗漏区储层非均质性的反演方法。The invention belongs to the field of oil and natural gas hydrate exploration, in particular to an inversion method for reservoir heterogeneity in a high-flux fluid leakage zone.
背景技术Background technique
在深水盆地或俯冲带构造活动区域，由于构造活动或高沉积速率堆积的巨厚沉积物，地层出现欠压实，而深部泥岩富含有机质，出现超压。由于晚期构造隆升形成了与超压作用，形成大量断层、裂隙与底辟构造，超压导致早期断层活化、开启，造成了幕式排烃，在隆起区域的地层薄弱带及断裂发育区，随着局部或者聚集流体活动增强，由于游离气可能以气相方式向上运移，而形成水合物，大量气体来不及形成水合物，而穿过水合物稳定带向上运移，在海底形成冷泉或者大量麻坑，因此，该类型水合物称之为裂隙充填型水合物、渗漏型水合物或者与冷泉活动有关的水合物。该类型水合物饱和度高，水合物赋存形态多样，由于水合物富集程度高，地震剖面上呈现明显上拱与弱反射特征，称之为烟囱状结构。从钻探取心分析看，高饱和度水合物呈结核状、脉状或块状等赋存形态，推开沉积物颗粒形成水合物，在三维反射地震剖面上分布在呈烟囱状反射区域，空间上呈明显的不均匀性，烟囱状反射体的垂向高度与横向宽度明显不同，指示水合物矿体大小和形状都不相同。In deep-water basins or subduction zones with tectonic activity, strata are under-compacted due to tectonic activity or thick sediments accumulated at high deposition rates, while deep mudstones are rich in organic matter and over-pressure occurs. Due to the formation of late structural uplift and overpressure, a large number of faults, fissures and diapir structures were formed. Overpressure led to the activation and opening of early faults, resulting in episodic hydrocarbon expulsion. With the enhancement of local or accumulated fluid activity, free gas may migrate upward in the gas phase to form hydrates. A large amount of gas does not have time to form hydrates, but migrates upward through the hydrate stabilization zone, forming cold springs or a large number of hemps on the seafloor. Therefore, this type of hydrate is called fissure-filling hydrate, seepage hydrate or hydrate related to cold spring activity. This type of hydrate has high saturation and various hydrate occurrence forms. Due to the high degree of hydrate enrichment, the seismic section presents obvious arching and weak reflection characteristics, which is called a chimney-like structure. From the analysis of drilling coring, the high saturation hydrates are in the form of nodules, veins or blocks, and the sediment particles are pushed away to form hydrates, which are distributed in the chimney-shaped reflection area on the three-dimensional reflection seismic section. The vertical height and lateral width of the chimney-shaped reflector are obviously different, indicating that the size and shape of the hydrate ore bodies are different.
从含水合物层测井资料看，水合物层呈高纵波阻抗、高电阻率、低密度等弹性参数异常，测井上识别水合物具有较高分辨率，一般是十几厘米尺度，而反射地震分辨率一般为近几至十多米。为了获得水合物层空间分布，传统方法是利用测井数据进行空间插值建立低频模型，进而开展地震数据的确定性反演求取含水合物层特性。但是传统反演方法面临着两个问题：第一，水合物主要分布在呈烟囱状反射体发育区，并不是整个地层都含有水合物，如进行空间插值建立低频模型，会使储层内都假设含有裂隙充填型水合物，造成反演的低频模型错误；第二，烟囱状反射层的地震响应特征与正常沉积的地层的地震响应特征不同，地震剖面揭示烟囱状反射体边界清晰，而烟囱体内地震振幅偏弱，与孔隙充填型水合物造成的强振幅反射特征并不一致。因此，利用传统反演方法，基于测井纵波速度与密度乘积建立低频模型，反演高通量流体发育区的裂隙充填型水合物，无法实现水合物空间分布识别要求。From the logging data of the hydrate-bearing layer, the hydrate layer is abnormal in elastic parameters such as high P-wave impedance, high resistivity, and low density. The hydrate identified on the log has a relatively high resolution, generally at a scale of more than ten centimeters, while the reflection The seismic resolution is generally several to ten meters. In order to obtain the spatial distribution of the hydrate layer, the traditional method is to use the logging data to perform spatial interpolation to establish a low-frequency model, and then carry out deterministic inversion of the seismic data to obtain the characteristics of the hydrate layer. However, the traditional inversion method faces two problems: First, hydrates are mainly distributed in the chimney-shaped reflector development area, and not the entire formation contains hydrates. It is assumed that there are fracture-filled hydrates, resulting in an error in the low-frequency model of the inversion. Second, the seismic response characteristics of the chimney-shaped reflector are different from those of the normally deposited strata. The seismic profile reveals that the chimney-shaped reflector has a clear boundary, while the The seismic amplitude in the body is weak, which is not consistent with the strong amplitude reflection characteristics caused by pore-filling hydrates. Therefore, the traditional inversion method is used to establish a low-frequency model based on the product of logging P-wave velocity and density to invert fracture-filled hydrates in high-flux fluid development areas, which cannot meet the requirements for identifying the spatial distribution of hydrates.
因此，如何借助有限测井资料，结合三维地震资料识别的烟囱状反射体，反演高通量流体渗漏区裂隙充填型水合物储层特征，查明其空间分布是勘探开发阶段需要解决的一个重要问题。Therefore, how to invert the characteristics of the fracture-filled hydrate reservoir in the high-flux fluid leakage zone with the help of limited logging data and the chimney-shaped reflector identified by 3D seismic data, and to find out its spatial distribution is what needs to be solved in the exploration and development stage. an important question.
发明内容SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
本发明提供了一种多种属性联合的低频建模方法，开展高通量流体驱替沉积物颗粒形成不均匀分布的水合物储层特性。该方法基于地震多种属性联合分析、测井数据的统计分析以及地层压实趋势分析，把区域压实趋势、测井曲线以及地震属性等多种信息相互融合，建立适用于高通量流体渗漏区水合物发育区的低频模型，并进行水合物储层弹性参数反演。The invention provides a low-frequency modeling method combining multiple attributes to develop the characteristics of hydrate reservoirs with uneven distribution of sediment particles formed by high-flux fluid displacement. The method is based on joint analysis of multiple seismic attributes, statistical analysis of logging data, and analysis of formation compaction trends. It integrates regional compaction trends, logging curves, and seismic attributes and other information to establish a model suitable for high-flux fluid permeability. The low-frequency model of the hydrate development area in the leaky area is carried out, and the elastic parameter inversion of the hydrate reservoir is carried out.
本发明为实现上述目的所采用的技术方案是：一种冷泉发育区储层非均质性的反演方法，通过建立适用于高通量流体渗漏区水合物发育区的低频模型，进行水合物储层弹性参数反演，包括以下步骤：The technical scheme adopted by the present invention to achieve the above object is as follows: an inversion method for reservoir heterogeneity in a cold spring development area, by establishing a low-frequency model suitable for a hydrate development area in a high-flux fluid leakage area, hydration is carried out. Reservoir elastic parameter inversion, including the following steps:
步骤1：统计待分析区域压实地层的测井数据，根据测井数据建立海底以下纵波阻抗与埋深之间的趋势关系，作为纵波阻抗压实趋势线；Step 1: Count the logging data of the compacted strata in the area to be analyzed, and establish the trend relationship between the P-wave impedance and the buried depth below the seabed according to the logging data, as the P-wave impedance compaction trend line;
步骤2：以海底为基准面，将测井统计分析得到的纵波阻抗压实趋势线转换为反映待分析区域整体压实特征的三维压实趋势体，作为低频模型一；Step 2: Using the seabed as the datum, convert the P-wave impedance compaction trend line obtained by logging statistical analysis into a three-dimensional compaction trend volume reflecting the overall compaction characteristics of the area to be analyzed, as a low-frequency model 1;
步骤3：将地震数据处理得到的地震速度场进行优化，通过井点处提取的地震速度场数据与测井数据中速度数据的对比分析结果对地震速度场进行校正，以保证地震速度场数值范围趋势与测井数据的速度数值范围趋势一致；Step 3: Optimize the seismic velocity field obtained by processing the seismic data, and correct the seismic velocity field by comparing the seismic velocity field data extracted at the well point with the velocity data in the logging data to ensure the numerical range of the seismic velocity field. The trend is consistent with the trend of the velocity value range of the logging data;
步骤4：利用待分析区域纵波速度与纵波阻抗的岩石物理关系，将优化后的地震速度场转化为纵波阻抗三维数据体，作为低频模型二；Step 4: Using the petrophysical relationship between the P-wave velocity and the P-wave impedance in the area to be analyzed, transform the optimized seismic velocity field into a three-dimensional data volume of P-wave impedance, as the second low-frequency model;
步骤5：将低频模型一与低频模型二进行频率域合并，得到低频模型三；Step 5: Combine the low-frequency model 1 and the low-frequency model 2 in the frequency domain to obtain the low-frequency model 3;
步骤6：利用不同的地震属性进行分析，融合多种属性，识别烟囱状反射体的异常分布、范围及烟囱状反射体数量，沿不同地震层位确定烟囱状反射的空间分布范围；Step 6: Use different seismic attributes to analyze, fuse multiple attributes, identify the abnormal distribution, range and number of chimney-shaped reflectors, and determine the spatial distribution range of chimney-shaped reflections along different seismic horizons;
步骤7：通过沿不同地震层位确定烟囱状反射体的空间分布范围，再结合地震层位进行三维空间插值，建立烟囱状反射体的三维地质模型；Step 7: Establish a three-dimensional geological model of the chimney-shaped reflector by determining the spatial distribution range of the chimney-shaped reflector along different seismic horizons, and then performing three-dimensional spatial interpolation in combination with the seismic horizon;
步骤8：利用烟囱状反射体内的测井数据中，通过纵波阻抗进行直方概率分析，确定烟囱区水合物层的纵波阻抗期望值，并将该值作为烟囱状反射体的三维地质模型的低频充填值，对三维地质模型进行充填，得到烟囱状反射体的低频模型四；Step 8: Using the logging data in the chimney-shaped reflector, perform histogram probability analysis through the P-wave impedance to determine the expected value of the P-wave impedance of the hydrate layer in the chimney area, and use this value as the low-frequency filling value of the three-dimensional geological model of the chimney-shaped reflector , filling the three-dimensional geological model to obtain the low-frequency model 4 of the chimney-shaped reflector;
步骤9：用低频模型四替换低频模型三中的烟囱状反射体的发育区，得到适用于高通量流体渗漏区水合物发育区的低频模型五；Step 9: Replace the development area of the chimney-shaped reflector in the low-frequency model 3 with the low-frequency model 4, and obtain the low-frequency model 5 suitable for the hydrate development area in the high-flux fluid leakage area;
步骤10：利用低频模型五进行确定性反演，得到高通量流体渗漏区水合物发育区水合物及游离气储层纵波阻抗弹性参数。Step 10: Use the low-frequency model 5 to perform deterministic inversion, and obtain the P-wave impedance elastic parameters of the hydrate and free gas reservoirs in the high-flux fluid leakage area hydrate development area.
所述步骤1中的纵波阻抗与埋深之间的趋势关系，频率为0-1Hz。The trend relationship between the longitudinal wave impedance and the buried depth in the step 1, the frequency is 0-1 Hz.
所述步骤3中地震处理速度场的频率范围是在0-2Hz。The frequency range of the seismic processing velocity field in the step 3 is 0-2 Hz.
所述步骤5中将低频模型一与低频模型二进行频率域合并，具体为选取低频模型一的部分成分与低频模型二的部分成分进行合并。In the step 5, the low-frequency model 1 and the low-frequency model 2 are combined in the frequency domain. Specifically, some components of the low-frequency model 1 are selected and some components of the low-frequency model 2 are combined.
所述步骤5中将低频模型一与低频模型二进行频率域合并，具体为选取低频模型一的0-1Hz成分与低频模型二的1-2Hz的成分进行合并。In the step 5, the low-frequency model 1 and the low-frequency model 2 are combined in the frequency domain. Specifically, the 0-1 Hz component of the low-frequency model 1 and the 1-2 Hz component of the low-frequency model 2 are selected for merging.
所述步骤6中，地震属性包括均方根振幅、相干和倾角中的至少一种。In the step 6, the seismic attribute includes at least one of root mean square amplitude, coherence and dip.
所述步骤10中，所述利用低频模型五进行确定性反演，具体为利用Jason软件将低频模型五输入到确定性反演中。In the step 10, the deterministic inversion using the low-frequency model 5 is specifically using the Jason software to input the low-frequency model 5 into the deterministic inversion.
本发明具有以下有益效果及优点：The present invention has the following beneficial effects and advantages:
1.该方法充分利用地震数据本身具有的属性特征，在结合区域压实趋势和速度场数据信息，实现冷泉发育区多类型水合物储层反演，能够有效识别烟囱状反射体内水合物分布。1. This method makes full use of the attribute characteristics of seismic data itself, combined with regional compaction trend and velocity field data information, to achieve multi-type hydrate reservoir inversion in cold spring development areas, and can effectively identify hydrate distribution in chimney-shaped reflectors.
2.本发明通过构建考虑冷泉区的气烟囱状反射体发育的低频模型，结合地震数据进行反演，求取高通量流体渗漏区水合物发育区水合物及游离气储层纵波阻抗弹性参数。2. In the present invention, by constructing a low-frequency model considering the development of gas chimney-like reflectors in the cold spring area, and performing inversion in combination with seismic data, the P-wave impedance elasticity of the hydrate and free gas reservoirs in the hydrate development area in the high-flux fluid leakage area is obtained. parameter.
3.本发明提出的基于多种属性联合低频建模的确定性反演，获得了更合理的纵波阻抗结果，能够清楚识别不同类型的水合物储层。由于在技术方法上考虑不同地质条件下水合物特性差异，提高了地震反演分辨不同类型水合物储层的能力，能够合理解释不同类型的水合物储层在空间分布，为后续的水合物储层的勘探开发提供依据。3. The deterministic inversion based on multiple attributes combined with low-frequency modeling proposed by the present invention obtains more reasonable P-wave impedance results, and can clearly identify different types of hydrate reservoirs. Considering the difference in hydrate characteristics under different geological conditions in terms of technical methods, the ability of seismic inversion to distinguish different types of hydrate reservoirs is improved, and the spatial distribution of different types of hydrate reservoirs can be reasonably explained, which is the basis for subsequent hydrate reservoirs. Provide the basis for the exploration and development of the layer.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为多种属性联合低频建模流程图；Figure 1 is a flowchart of the joint low-frequency modeling of multiple attributes;
图2为基于振幅、相干、倾角与构造差属性确定烟囱体空间分布图；Fig. 2 is a diagram showing the spatial distribution of chimneys determined based on the attributes of amplitude, coherence, dip and structural difference;
图3为不同类型低频模型图；Figure 3 is a diagram of different types of low frequency models;
图4为基于多种属性联合低频模型的反演纵波阻抗(a)和基于常规低频模型的反演纵波阻抗(b)对比图；Figure 4 is a comparison diagram of the inversion P-wave impedance (a) based on the combined low-frequency model with multiple attributes and the inversion P-wave impedance (b) based on the conventional low-frequency model;
图5为本发明的反演水合物的平面分布图。Fig. 5 is a plane distribution diagram of the inversion hydrate of the present invention.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面结合附图及实施例对本发明做进一步的详细说明。The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
现有的传统方法是利用测井获得的纵波速度与密度乘积获得波阻抗，然后利用地层控制进行线性插值，获得低频模型的波阻抗模型，由于冷泉发育区呈烟囱状反射的裂隙充填型水合物，空间分布比较局限，且差异较大，直接线性内插与实际差异大，增加了储层勘探开发的风险。本专利提出基于多种地震属性，通过识别烟囱状反射体数量、大小和高度等差异性，初步识别烟囱体分布，通过建立烟囱体模型与无烟囱区的模型，分别利用测井与背景速度分析联合建立低频建模，该方法兼顾了呈烟囱状反射特征的储层特性，也考虑了正常无水合物层储层特性。The existing traditional method is to use the product of the P-wave velocity and density obtained from logging to obtain the wave impedance, and then use the formation control to perform linear interpolation to obtain the wave impedance model of the low-frequency model. , the spatial distribution is relatively limited, and the difference is large, and the direct linear interpolation is very different from the actual, which increases the risk of reservoir exploration and development. This patent proposes to preliminarily identify the distribution of chimney bodies by identifying the differences in the number, size and height of chimney-shaped reflectors based on a variety of seismic attributes. Combined with the establishment of low-frequency modeling, this method takes into account the characteristics of reservoirs with chimney-like reflection characteristics and the characteristics of normal anhydrous reservoirs.
对于正常地层建模方法首先采用区域压实趋势作为低频趋势(模型一)，该模型基于区域非烟囱区的测井数据统计起始点海底以下纵波阻抗与埋深之间的关系，频率范围在0-1Hz左右；其次利用区域岩石物理关系将地震资料处理速度场转换为纵波阻抗，建立低频趋势模型二，频率范围是在0-2Hz，可以反映区域的纵波阻抗分布特征；最后利用三维地震资料进行均方根振幅、相干、倾角和构造差等地震属性分析。利用不同属性反映的地质特征差异，联合识别烟囱异常分布、范围及其数量，沿不同层确定烟囱状反射体的空间分布范围；再利用获得的烟囱状反射体的测井数据，确定富含水合物地层的纵波阻抗值，根据烟囱状反射体内水合物的纵波阻抗的直方图分析，确定烟囱状反射体内水合物层的纵波阻抗平均值(2.87×106kg/m3×m/s)并将该值作为烟囱状反射体内的低频背景值。最后将压实趋势低频模型与速度场低频模型合并建立区域低频模型，再与烟囱发育区低频模型与区域低频模型相结合，最终建立适用于高通量流体渗漏区的水合物低频模型，使用该模型进行储层反演。For the normal formation modeling method, the regional compaction trend is firstly used as the low-frequency trend (Model 1). This model is based on the logging data of the regional non-chimney area to count the relationship between the P-wave impedance and the buried depth below the seafloor at the starting point, and the frequency range is 0 -1Hz; secondly, the seismic data processing velocity field is converted into P-wave impedance by using the regional petrophysical relationship, and a low-frequency trend model is established. Second, the frequency range is 0-2Hz, which can reflect the regional P-wave impedance distribution characteristics; Analysis of seismic attributes such as RMS amplitude, coherence, dip and tectonic difference. Using the differences in geological characteristics reflected by different attributes, jointly identify the abnormal distribution, range and quantity of chimneys, and determine the spatial distribution range of chimney-shaped reflectors along different layers; According to the histogram analysis of the P-wave impedance of the hydrate layer in the chimney-shaped reflector, the average value of the P-wave impedance of the hydrate layer in the chimney-shaped reflector (2.87×106kg/m3×m/s) was determined and the value as the low frequency background value within the chimney reflector. Finally, the compaction trend low-frequency model and the velocity field low-frequency model are combined to establish a regional low-frequency model, which is then combined with the chimney development area low-frequency model and the regional low-frequency model to finally establish a hydrate low-frequency model suitable for high-flux fluid seepage areas. The model performs reservoir inversion.
如图1所示，本发明步骤如下：As shown in Figure 1, the steps of the present invention are as follows:
步骤1：分析研究靶区地质条件，识别关键地层层位，以海底为基准面，开展压实趋势分析。统计分析区域正常地层的测井数据，建立海底以下纵波阻抗与埋深之间的关系线性关系，频率为0-1Hz。Step 1: Analyze and study the geological conditions of the target area, identify key strata levels, and carry out compaction trend analysis with the seabed as the base level. Statistically analyze the logging data of normal strata in the area, and establish a linear relationship between the P-wave impedance below the seafloor and the buried depth, and the frequency is 0-1Hz.
步骤2：以海底为基准面，将测井统计分析的纵波阻抗压实趋势线应用到空间三维趋势体，该纵波阻抗压实趋势体作为低频模型一。Step 2: Using the seabed as the datum, apply the P-wave impedance compaction trend line of the logging statistical analysis to the spatial three-dimensional trend volume, and the P-wave impedance compaction trend volume is used as the low-frequency model 1.
步骤3：利用地震处理的速度场，该速度场比水合物测井的纵波速度分布横向更广，纵向更深。将地震处理得到的速度场进行质量控制，开展异常值压制、数值校正等方法进行优化，保证速度场数值范围与测井曲线速度值域趋势一致，地震处理速度场的频率范围是在0-2Hz。Step 3: Use the seismically processed velocity field, which is wider laterally and deeper vertically than the P-wave velocity distribution of hydrate logging. The quality control of the velocity field obtained by seismic processing is carried out, and methods such as outlier suppression and numerical correction are carried out to optimize the velocity field to ensure that the numerical range of the velocity field is consistent with the trend of the velocity field of the logging curve. The frequency range of the seismically processed velocity field is 0-2 Hz. .
步骤4：利用区域纵波速度与纵波阻抗的岩石物理关系分析成果，可以将优化后地震速度场转化为纵波阻抗三维数据体，建立低频模型二。Step 4: Using the analysis results of the petrophysical relationship between the regional P-wave velocity and the P-wave impedance, the optimized seismic velocity field can be transformed into a three-dimensional data volume of the P-wave impedance, and the second low-frequency model can be established.
步骤5：将低频模型一与低频模型二进行频率域合并，选取低频模型一的0-1Hz成分与低频模型二的1-2Hz的成分进行合并，建立区域的低频模型三。Step 5: Combine the low frequency model 1 and the low frequency model 2 in the frequency domain, select the 0-1 Hz component of the low frequency model 1 and the 1-2 Hz component of the low frequency model 2 to merge, and establish the low frequency model 3 of the region.
步骤6：开展地震多属性分析，沿主要研究目标层，优选提取均方根振幅、相干和倾角等属性进行分析，分析发现强振幅中的弱振幅区是烟囱状反射体的发育区；相干是通过地震道之间的相似度来判断烟囱体的发育区；倾角属性是利用烟囱的几何特征判断烟囱的发育区；地层的局部构造差是利用烟囱地层的微幅构造特征判断烟囱发育区。利用不同侧重点的属性进行融合，识别烟囱状反射的异常分布、范围及其数量，沿不同层确定烟囱状反射的空间分布范围。Step 6: Carry out seismic multi-attribute analysis, along the main research target layer, preferably extract attributes such as root mean square amplitude, coherence and dip for analysis, and find that the weak amplitude area in the strong amplitude is the development area of chimney-shaped reflectors; the coherence is The development area of the chimney body is judged by the similarity between the seismic traces; the dip angle attribute is used to judge the development area of the chimney by the geometrical characteristics of the chimney; Use the attributes of different priorities to fuse, identify the abnormal distribution, range and quantity of chimney reflections, and determine the spatial distribution range of chimney reflections along different layers.
步骤7：通过沿不同层确定烟囱状反射的空间分布范围，建立烟囱状反射体的空间地质模型。Step 7: Establish a spatial geological model of the chimney-like reflector by determining the spatial distribution range of the chimney-like reflection along different layers.
步骤8：利用测井获得烟囱状反射的测井数据，确定富含水合物地层的纵波阻抗值，根据烟囱状反射体内水合物的纵波阻抗的直方概率分析，确定烟囱区水合物层的纵波阻抗期望值(2.87×106kg/m3×m/s)并将该值作为烟囱状反射体发育区的低频背景值。结合属性分析识别烟囱状反射体的范围、深度，建立烟囱状反射的区域低频模型四。Step 8: Use logging to obtain logging data of the chimney-like reflection, determine the P-wave impedance value of the hydrate-rich layer, and determine the P-wave impedance of the hydrate layer in the chimney area according to the histogram probability analysis of the P-wave impedance of the hydrate in the chimney-like reflector The expected value (2.87×10 6 kg/m 3 ×m/s) was used as the low-frequency background value of the chimney-shaped reflector development area. Combined with attribute analysis, the range and depth of the chimney-shaped reflector are identified, and the regional low-frequency model of the chimney-shaped reflection is established IV.
步骤9：用低频模型四替换低频模型三中的烟囱状反射体的发育区，将呈烟囱状反射体的低频模型充填到区域低频模型，最终建立适用于烟囱状反射体发育区的高通量流体渗漏区水合物发育区的的低频模型。Step 9: Replace the development area of the chimney-shaped reflector in the low-frequency model 3 with the low-frequency model 4, fill the low-frequency model with the chimney-shaped reflector into the regional low-frequency model, and finally establish a high-flux suitable for the development area of the chimney-shaped reflector A low-frequency model of a hydrate development zone in a fluid seepage zone.
步骤10：利用Jason软件进行确定性反演，该反演方法实现多信息源融合，建立考虑冷泉区的气烟囱状反射体发育的低频模型，结合地震数据进行反演，求取多种赋存形态的裂隙充填型水合物及游离气储层纵波阻抗弹性参数。Step 10: Use Jason software to perform deterministic inversion. This inversion method realizes the fusion of multiple information sources, establishes a low-frequency model considering the development of gas chimney-shaped reflectors in the cold spring area, and performs inversion combined with seismic data to obtain various occurrences. Forms of fracture-filled hydrate and free gas reservoirs with P-wave impedance elastic parameters.
图1为多种属性联合的低频建模流程图。Figure 1 is a flowchart of low-frequency modeling of the combination of multiple attributes.
图2表示基于振幅、相干、倾角与构造差属性确定烟囱状反射体的平面分布(图中黑色多边形是烟囱体发育区，强振幅区的弱振幅区、局部构造差负值区、低相干区、地层倾角高值区)。Figure 2 shows the plane distribution of chimney-like reflectors determined based on the attributes of amplitude, coherence, dip angle and structural difference (the black polygon in the figure is the chimney development area, the weak amplitude area in the strong amplitude area, the negative local structural difference area, and the low coherence area. , high-value area of formation dip).
图3为不同类型低频模型(基于压实趋势低频模型(低频模型一)；基于速度场低频模型(低频模型二)；多种属性联合低频模型：烟囱状反射体外部是低频模型一和低频模型二合并的成果，烟囱状反射体内是地震属性和从井上统计纵波阻抗均值共同结合的成果)。Figure 3 shows different types of low-frequency models (low-frequency model based on compaction trend (low-frequency model 1); low-frequency model based on velocity field (low-frequency model 2); multiple attributes combined with low-frequency models: the outside of the chimney-shaped reflector is a low-frequency model 1 and a low-frequency model The second combined result, the chimney-like reflector is a combination of seismic properties and the mean value of statistical P-wave impedance from uphole).
图4表示基于多种属性联合低频模型的反演纵波阻抗(a)，基于低频模型的反演纵波阻抗(b)。利用冷泉发育区储层非均质性反演纵波阻抗的地质解释。通过反演纵波阻抗使不同类型水合物储层的空间分布都得到较为清晰的展现，与高通量流体渗漏有关的水合物储层主要发育在烟囱状反射体内。Figure 4 shows the inversion of the P-wave impedance (a) based on the combined low-frequency model of multiple attributes, and the inversion of the P-wave impedance (b) based on the low-frequency model. Geological interpretation of P-wave impedance inversion using reservoir heterogeneity in cold spring development area. Through the inversion of P-wave impedance, the spatial distribution of different types of hydrate reservoirs can be clearly displayed, and the hydrate reservoirs related to high-flux fluid leakage are mainly developed in the chimney-shaped reflector.
图5表示本发明方法反演水合物的平面分布，a：低频模型反演纵波阻抗沿海底及下部32ms提取均方根纵波阻抗平面图；b：冷泉发育区储层非均质性反演的纵波阻抗沿海底及下部32ms提取均方根纵波阻抗平面图。Figure 5 shows the plane distribution of the hydrate inversion by the method of the present invention, a: the low-frequency model inversion of the P-wave impedance along the bottom and the lower 32ms to extract the root-mean-square P-wave impedance plan; b: the cold spring development area reservoir heterogeneity inversion of the P-wave Impedance along the bottom and lower 32ms to extract the rms longitudinal wave impedance plan.
通过本发明技术与传统技术进行对比，利用烟囱状反射体发育区水合物钻井与三维地震资料，利用确定性反演求取的纵波阻抗进行了应用效果对比分析。图4是本发明技术反演结果(b)与基于常规低频模型(a)的反演结果对比，可以看出纵波阻抗在烟囱状反射体发育区差异较为明显，基于常规低频模型的反演纵波阻抗在烟囱状反射体内并没有任何变化，而本专利技术反演的纵波阻抗在烟囱状反射体内表现为相对高值，该反演结果与钻井结果更为吻合，也更为符合实际的水合物储层的地质认识。图5利用多种属性联合低频模型的反演纵波阻抗的地质解释。通过反演纵波阻抗使不同类型水合物储层的空间分布都得到较为清晰的展现，与高通量流体渗漏有关的水合物储层主要发育在烟囱状反射体内，而孔隙型水合物主要以层状特征分布地层中，在稳定带都表现相对高纵波阻抗。而本发明提出的基于多种属性联合低频建模的确定性反演，获得了更合理的纵波阻抗结果，能够清楚识别不同类型的水合物层。该差异是由于在技术方法上考虑不同地质条件下水合物特性差异，在方法创新提高了地震反演分辨不同类型水合物储层的能力。该技术能够合理解释不同类型的水合物储层在空间分布，为后续的勘探开发提供依据。By comparing the technology of the present invention with the traditional technology, using the hydrate drilling and three-dimensional seismic data in the chimney-shaped reflector development area, and using the P-wave impedance obtained by deterministic inversion, the application effect is compared and analyzed. Figure 4 is a comparison between the inversion results (b) based on the technology of the present invention and the inversion results based on the conventional low frequency model (a). The impedance does not change in the chimney-shaped reflector, but the P-wave impedance inverted by the patented technology shows a relatively high value in the chimney-shaped reflector. The inversion results are more consistent with the drilling results and more in line with the actual hydrate Geological understanding of reservoirs. Figure 5. Geological interpretation of the inversion of P-wave impedance using multiple attributes combined with a low-frequency model. Through the inversion of P-wave impedance, the spatial distribution of different types of hydrate reservoirs can be clearly displayed. The hydrate reservoirs related to high-flux fluid leakage are mainly developed in the chimney-shaped reflector, while the pore-type hydrate is mainly composed of In the layered characteristic distribution strata, relatively high P-wave impedance is exhibited in the stable zone. On the other hand, the deterministic inversion based on multiple attributes combined with low-frequency modeling proposed in the present invention obtains more reasonable P-wave impedance results, and can clearly identify different types of hydrate layers. The difference is due to the consideration of the differences in hydrate characteristics under different geological conditions in the technical method, and the method innovation improves the ability of seismic inversion to distinguish different types of hydrate reservoirs. This technology can reasonably explain the spatial distribution of different types of hydrate reservoirs and provide a basis for subsequent exploration and development.
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| CN112255680A (en) * | 2020-11-04 | 2021-01-22 | 吉林大学 | A Seismic Response Simulation Method for Heterogeneous Hydrate Reservoirs |
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