CN113093286B - Inversion method for reservoir heterogeneity of cold spring development area - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to an inversion method of reservoir heterogeneity in a cold spring development area, which comprises the steps of firstly, adopting an area compaction trend as a low-frequency trend model I; secondly, converting the velocity field of the reflected earthquake into longitudinal wave impedance, and establishing a second low-frequency trend model; determining the spatial distribution range of the chimney-shaped reflector along various attributes of different stratums; analyzing the vertical wave impedance histogram probability of the hydrate layer by using the logging data, and taking the expected value of the vertical wave impedance of the hydrate layer in the chimney-shaped reflector as a low-frequency background value; and combining the compaction trend low-frequency model with the velocity field low-frequency model to establish a region low-frequency model, combining the chimney development region low-frequency model with the region low-frequency model to establish a low-frequency model for the hydrate which is non-uniformly distributed in the cold spring development region, and performing inversion of reservoir elastic parameters. The method considers the reservoir characteristics of the crack filling type hydrate development area with high enrichment and chimney-shaped reflection characteristics, and also considers the reservoir characteristics of the normally deposited hydrate-free layer.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of petroleum and gas hydrate exploration, and particularly relates to an inversion method of reservoir heterogeneity of a high-flux fluid leakage area.
Background
In deep water basins or in diving zone formation activity areas, due to formation activity or huge thick sediments accumulated at high deposition rate, the stratum is under-compacted, and deep mudstones are rich in organic matters and generate overpressure. Due to the fact that the later-stage tectonic uplift forms and overpressure action, a large number of faults, cracks and diapir tectonic structures are formed, overpressure causes the early-stage faultage to be activated and opened, curtain type hydrocarbon discharge is caused, in a weak stratum zone and a fracture development zone of an uplifting area, as local or aggregate fluid activity is enhanced, free gas can upwards migrate in a gas phase mode to form hydrate, a large amount of gas cannot reach the hydrate to form hydrate, and upwards migrates through a hydrate stabilizing zone to form a cold spring or a large number of pits on the sea bottom, and therefore the type of hydrate is called crack filling type hydrate, seepage type hydrate or hydrate related to cold spring activity. The hydrate has high saturation degree and various hydrate occurrence forms, and due to the high enrichment degree of the hydrate, the seismic section has obvious upwarping and weak reflection characteristics, so that the seismic section is called as a chimney-shaped structure. From the drilling coring analysis, the high-saturation hydrate is in the occurrence forms of nodule, vein or block, the hydrate is formed by pushing away sediment particles, the hydrate is distributed in a chimney-shaped reflection area on a three-dimensional reflection seismic section and is obviously non-uniform in space, the vertical height and the transverse width of a chimney-shaped reflector are obviously different, and the size and the shape of the hydrate ore body are indicated to be different.
From the well logging data of the hydrate layer, the hydrate layer presents elastic parameter abnormity such as high longitudinal wave impedance, high resistivity, low density and the like, the hydrate identified on the well logging has higher resolution, generally the scale of tens of centimeters, and the resolution of the reflection seismic is generally about several to more than ten meters. In order to obtain the spatial distribution of hydrate layers, the traditional method is to use logging data to perform spatial interpolation to establish a low-frequency model, and further perform deterministic inversion of seismic data to obtain the characteristics of the hydrate layers. However, the conventional inversion method faces two problems: firstly, hydrates are mainly distributed in a chimney-shaped reflector development area, and not the whole stratum contains the hydrates, if a low-frequency model is established by spatial interpolation, the reservoir is supposed to contain fracture filling type hydrates, so that an inverted low-frequency model is wrong; secondly, the seismic response characteristics of the chimney-shaped reflecting layer are different from those of the stratum normally deposited, the seismic section reveals that the boundary of the chimney-shaped reflecting body is clear, and the seismic amplitude in the chimney body is weak and is inconsistent with the strong-amplitude reflecting characteristics caused by the pore filling type hydrate. Therefore, by utilizing the traditional inversion method, a low-frequency model is established based on the product of the logging longitudinal wave velocity and the density, the fracture filling type hydrate in the high-flux fluid development area is inverted, and the requirement of hydrate spatial distribution identification cannot be met.
Therefore, how to invert the characteristics of the fracture filling type hydrate reservoir of the high-flux fluid leakage area by means of limited logging data and a chimney-shaped reflector identified by three-dimensional seismic data and find out the spatial distribution of the characteristics is an important problem to be solved in the exploration and development stage.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a multi-attribute combined low-frequency modeling method, which is used for developing the characteristic that sediment particles are displaced by high-flux fluid to form a hydrate reservoir stratum with uneven distribution. The method is based on seismic multiple attribute joint analysis, statistical analysis of logging data and stratum compaction trend analysis, multiple information such as region compaction trend, logging curves and seismic attributes are fused with one another, a low-frequency model suitable for a hydrate development area of a high-flux fluid leakage area is established, and inversion of hydrate reservoir elastic parameters is carried out.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for realizing the purpose is as follows: an inversion method of reservoir heterogeneity in a cold spring development area carries out inversion of hydrate reservoir elastic parameters by establishing a low-frequency model suitable for a hydrate development area of a high-flux fluid leakage area, and comprises the following steps:
step 1: counting logging data of the compacted stratum of the area to be analyzed, and establishing a trend relation between longitudinal wave impedance below the sea bottom and the buried depth according to the logging data to serve as a longitudinal wave impedance compaction trend line;
step 2: taking the sea bottom as a reference surface, converting a longitudinal wave impedance compaction trend line obtained by logging statistical analysis into a three-dimensional compaction trend body reflecting the integral compaction characteristics of an area to be analyzed, and taking the three-dimensional compaction trend body as a first low-frequency model;
and step 3: optimizing a seismic velocity field obtained by processing seismic data, and correcting the seismic velocity field through a comparison analysis result of the seismic velocity field data extracted from well points and velocity data in logging data so as to ensure that the numerical range trend of the seismic velocity field is consistent with the numerical range trend of the velocity of the logging data;
and 4, step 4: converting the optimized seismic velocity field into a longitudinal wave impedance three-dimensional data volume serving as a low-frequency model II by utilizing the petrophysical relationship between the longitudinal wave velocity and the longitudinal wave impedance of the area to be analyzed;
and 5: combining the frequency domain of the first low-frequency model and the frequency domain of the second low-frequency model to obtain a third low-frequency model;
step 6: analyzing by using different seismic attributes, fusing multiple attributes, identifying abnormal distribution and range of the chimney-shaped reflectors and the number of the chimney-shaped reflectors, and determining the spatial distribution range of the chimney-shaped reflectors along different seismic horizons;
and 7: determining the spatial distribution range of the chimney-shaped reflector along different seismic layers, and then performing three-dimensional spatial interpolation by combining the seismic layers to establish a three-dimensional geological model of the chimney-shaped reflector;
and 8: performing histogram probability analysis on the log data in the chimney-shaped reflector through longitudinal wave impedance to determine a longitudinal wave impedance expected value of a hydrate layer in a chimney area, and filling the three-dimensional geological model by using the value as a low-frequency filling value of the three-dimensional geological model of the chimney-shaped reflector to obtain a low-frequency model IV of the chimney-shaped reflector;
and step 9: replacing a development region of a chimney-shaped reflector in the low-frequency model III with the low-frequency model IV to obtain a low-frequency model V suitable for a hydrate development region of the high-flux fluid leakage region;
step 10: and performing deterministic inversion by using the low-frequency model V to obtain the longitudinal wave impedance elastic parameters of the hydrate in the hydrate development area of the high-flux fluid leakage area and the free gas reservoir.
And (3) the frequency of the trend relation between the longitudinal wave impedance and the burial depth in the step 1 is 0-1 Hz.
The frequency range of the seismic processing velocity field in the step 3 is 0-2 Hz.
In the step 5, the first low-frequency model and the second low-frequency model are combined in a frequency domain, specifically, a part of components of the first low-frequency model and a part of components of the second low-frequency model are selected and combined.
In the step 5, the first low-frequency model and the second low-frequency model are combined in a frequency domain, specifically, a 0-1Hz component of the first low-frequency model and a 1-2Hz component of the second low-frequency model are selected and combined.
In step 6, the seismic attribute includes at least one of root mean square amplitude, coherence, and dip.
In the step 10, the deterministic inversion is performed by using the low-frequency model five, specifically, the low-frequency model five is input into the deterministic inversion by using the Jason software.
The invention has the following beneficial effects and advantages:
1. the method fully utilizes the attribute characteristics of seismic data, combines the compaction trend of an area and data information of a velocity field, realizes inversion of various hydrate reservoir layers in a cold spring development area, and can effectively identify the hydrate distribution in a chimney-shaped reflector.
2. The method disclosed by the invention is used for solving the longitudinal wave impedance elastic parameters of the hydrate development area of the high-flux fluid leakage area and the free gas reservoir through constructing a low-frequency model considering the development of the gas chimney-shaped reflector in the cold spring area and combining seismic data for inversion.
3. The deterministic inversion based on the combination of multiple attributes and low-frequency modeling provided by the invention obtains a more reasonable longitudinal wave impedance result, and can clearly identify different types of hydrate reservoirs. Due to the fact that the hydrate characteristic difference under different geological conditions is considered on the technical method, the capacity of distinguishing different types of hydrate reservoirs through seismic inversion is improved, the spatial distribution of the different types of hydrate reservoirs can be reasonably explained, and a basis is provided for the subsequent exploration and development of the hydrate reservoirs.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of multiple attribute joint low frequency modeling;
FIG. 2 is a graph of chimney space distribution based on amplitude, coherence, dip and structure difference attributes;
FIG. 3 is a diagram of different types of low frequency models;
FIG. 4 is a graph comparing the inverted longitudinal wave impedance (a) based on a multi-attribute combined low-frequency model and the inverted longitudinal wave impedance (b) based on a conventional low-frequency model;
FIG. 5 is a plan view of an inverted hydrate according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
The existing traditional method is to obtain wave impedance by using the product of longitudinal wave velocity and density obtained by well logging, then to perform linear interpolation by using stratum control to obtain a wave impedance model of a low-frequency model, and because the cold spring development area is a chimney-shaped reflected fracture filling type hydrate, the spatial distribution is relatively limited, the difference is large, the direct linear interpolation and the actual difference are large, and the risk of reservoir exploration and development is increased. The method is based on various seismic attributes, chimney body distribution is preliminarily identified by identifying the number, size, height and other differences of chimney-shaped reflectors, a chimney body model and a model of a chimney-free area are established, logging and background velocity analysis are respectively utilized to jointly establish low-frequency modeling, and the method considers the reservoir characteristics with chimney-shaped reflection characteristics and the reservoir characteristics of normal hydrate-free layers.
For the normal stratum modeling method, firstly, adopting a region compaction trend as a low-frequency trend (model I), wherein the model is used for counting the relation between the longitudinal wave impedance below the initial point seabed and the burial depth based on the logging data of a region non-chimney region, and the frequency range is about 0-1 Hz; secondly, converting the seismic data processing velocity field into longitudinal wave impedance by using the regional rock physical relationship, and establishing a second low-frequency trend model, wherein the frequency range is 0-2Hz and can reflect the distribution characteristics of the longitudinal wave impedance of the region; and finally, performing seismic attribute analysis such as root mean square amplitude, coherence, dip angle, structure difference and the like by using the three-dimensional seismic data. The geological feature differences reflected by different attributes are utilized to jointly identify the abnormal distribution, range and number of the chimney, and the spatial distribution range of the chimney-shaped reflector is determined along different layers; and determining the longitudinal wave impedance value of the stratum rich in the hydrate by using the obtained logging data of the chimney-shaped reflector, determining the average value (2.87 multiplied by 106kg/m3 multiplied by m/s) of the longitudinal wave impedance of the hydrate layer in the chimney-shaped reflector according to histogram analysis of the longitudinal wave impedance of the hydrate in the chimney-shaped reflector, and taking the value as the low-frequency background value in the chimney-shaped reflector. And finally, combining the compaction trend low-frequency model with the velocity field low-frequency model to establish a region low-frequency model, combining the region low-frequency model with the chimney development region low-frequency model to finally establish a hydrate low-frequency model suitable for the high-flux fluid leakage region, and performing reservoir inversion by using the model.
As shown in FIG. 1, the steps of the present invention are as follows:
step 1: analyzing and researching geological conditions of the target area, identifying key stratum horizons, and carrying out compaction trend analysis by taking the seabed as a datum plane. And (3) carrying out statistical analysis on the logging data of the normal stratum in the region, and establishing a linear relation between the longitudinal wave impedance below the seabed and the buried depth, wherein the frequency is 0-1 Hz.
Step 2: and (3) applying the longitudinal wave impedance compaction trend line subjected to logging statistical analysis to a spatial three-dimensional trend body by taking the sea bottom as a datum plane, wherein the longitudinal wave impedance compaction trend body is taken as a first low-frequency model.
And step 3: the velocity field of seismic processing is utilized, and the velocity field is wider in transverse direction and deeper in longitudinal direction than the longitudinal wave velocity distribution of hydrate logging. And performing quality control on the velocity field obtained by seismic processing, performing optimization by methods such as abnormal value suppression, numerical value correction and the like, ensuring that the numerical range of the velocity field is consistent with the trend of the velocity field of the logging curve, and the frequency range of the seismic processing velocity field is 0-2 Hz.
And 4, step 4: and analyzing results by utilizing the petrophysical relationship between the regional longitudinal wave velocity and the longitudinal wave impedance, converting the optimized seismic velocity field into a longitudinal wave impedance three-dimensional data volume, and establishing a second low-frequency model.
And 5: and combining the frequency domain of the first low-frequency model and the second low-frequency model, selecting a 0-1Hz component of the first low-frequency model and a 1-2Hz component of the second low-frequency model, and combining to establish a third low-frequency model of the region.
Step 6: carrying out seismic multi-attribute analysis, preferably extracting attributes such as root-mean-square amplitude, coherence and dip angle along a main research target layer for analysis, and finding out that a weak amplitude region in strong amplitude is a development region of a chimney-shaped reflector through analysis; coherence is to judge the development area of the chimney through the similarity between seismic channels; the dip angle attribute is to judge the development area of the chimney by using the geometric characteristics of the chimney; the local structural difference of the stratum is to judge a chimney development area by utilizing the micro-amplitude structural characteristics of the chimney stratum. And (3) fusing the attributes of different side points, identifying the abnormal distribution, range and number of the chimney-shaped reflection, and determining the spatial distribution range of the chimney-shaped reflection along different layers.
And 7: and establishing a space geological model of the chimney-shaped reflector by determining the space distribution range of the chimney-shaped reflector along different layers.
And 8: logging data of chimney-like reflection is obtained by logging, longitudinal wave impedance value of the stratum rich in hydrate is determined, and longitudinal wave impedance expected value (2.87 multiplied by 10) of the hydrate layer in the chimney area is determined according to histogram probability analysis of longitudinal wave impedance of hydrate in the chimney-like reflection body 6 kg/m 3 Xm/s) and this value was taken as the low frequency background value for the chimney-like reflector development zone. And (4) identifying the range and the depth of the chimney-shaped reflector by combining attribute analysis, and establishing a low-frequency model IV of the chimney-shaped reflector region.
And step 9: and replacing the development area of the chimney-shaped reflector in the low-frequency model III with the low-frequency model IV, filling the low-frequency model of the chimney-shaped reflector into the regional low-frequency model, and finally establishing the low-frequency model of the hydrate development area of the high-flux fluid leakage area, which is suitable for the development area of the chimney-shaped reflector.
Step 10: the inversion method is characterized in that deterministic inversion is carried out by using Jason software, fusion of multiple information sources is realized, a low-frequency model considering development of an air chimney-shaped reflector in a cold spring area is established, inversion is carried out by combining seismic data, and fracture filling type hydrates and free gas reservoir longitudinal wave impedance elastic parameters in various occurrence forms are obtained.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of low frequency modeling with multiple attribute union.
FIG. 2 shows the determination of the planar distribution of a chimney-like reflector based on the properties of amplitude, coherence, dip and structural differences (black polygons in the figure are chimney development zones, weak amplitude zones of strong amplitude zones, local structural difference negative zones, low coherence zones, high stratigraphic dip zones).
FIG. 3 shows different types of low-frequency models (based on a compaction trend low-frequency model (a low-frequency model I), based on a velocity field low-frequency model (a low-frequency model II), and a multi-attribute combined low-frequency model, wherein the low-frequency model I and the low-frequency model II are combined to form the external part of a chimney-shaped reflector, and the internal part of the chimney-shaped reflector is formed by combining seismic attributes and the average value of longitudinal wave impedance counted from the surface of a well together).
Fig. 4 shows the inverse longitudinal wave impedance (a) based on the low-frequency model and the inverse longitudinal wave impedance (b) based on the low-frequency model in combination with various attributes. And (3) inverting the geological interpretation of longitudinal wave impedance by utilizing the heterogeneity of the reservoir in the cold spring development area. The spatial distribution of different types of hydrate reservoirs is clearly shown by inverting longitudinal wave impedance, and the hydrate reservoir related to high-flux fluid leakage mainly develops in a chimney-shaped reflector.
FIG. 5 shows the planar distribution of the hydrate inverted by the method of the present invention, a: inverting the longitudinal wave impedance by the low-frequency model to extract a root-mean-square longitudinal wave impedance plane graph along the seabed and 32ms below the seabed; b: and extracting a root mean square longitudinal wave impedance plane diagram along the seabed and 32ms below the seabed from the longitudinal wave impedance of the reservoir heterogeneity inversion of the cold spring development area.
Compared with the traditional technology, the method utilizes hydrate drilling and three-dimensional seismic data in a chimney-shaped reflector development area and longitudinal wave impedance obtained by deterministic inversion to carry out application effect comparative analysis. Fig. 4 is a comparison of the inversion result (b) of the present invention and the inversion result based on the conventional low-frequency model (a), which shows that the difference of the longitudinal wave impedance in the development area of the chimney-like reflector is obvious, the inversion longitudinal wave impedance based on the conventional low-frequency model does not change in the chimney-like reflector, but the longitudinal wave impedance inverted by the present invention shows a relatively high value in the chimney-like reflector, and the inversion result is more consistent with the drilling result and also more conforms to the geological understanding of the actual hydrate reservoir. FIG. 5 uses multiple attributes in conjunction with a geological interpretation of the inverted compressional impedance of the low frequency model. The space distribution of different types of hydrate reservoirs is clearly shown by inverting longitudinal wave impedance, the hydrate reservoirs related to high-flux fluid leakage mainly develop in a chimney-shaped reflector, and the pore-type hydrates are mainly distributed in a stratum with layered characteristics and show relatively high longitudinal wave impedance in a stable zone. The deterministic inversion based on the combination of multiple attributes and low-frequency modeling provided by the invention obtains a more reasonable longitudinal wave impedance result, and can clearly identify different types of hydrate layers. The difference is due to the fact that the hydrate characteristic difference under different geological conditions is considered on the basis of a technical method, and the method innovatively improves the capability of seismic inversion in distinguishing different types of hydrate reservoirs. The technology can reasonably explain the spatial distribution of different types of hydrate reservoirs, and provides a basis for subsequent exploration and development.
Claims (6)
1. The inversion method of the heterogeneity of the reservoir in the cold spring development area is characterized in that the inversion of the elastic parameters of the hydrate reservoir is carried out by establishing a low-frequency model suitable for the hydrate development area of the high-flux fluid leakage area, and the inversion method comprises the following steps:
step 1: counting logging data of the compacted stratum of the area to be analyzed, and establishing a trend relation between longitudinal wave impedance below the sea bottom and the buried depth according to the logging data to serve as a longitudinal wave impedance compaction trend line;
step 2: taking the sea bottom as a reference surface, converting a longitudinal wave impedance compaction trend line obtained by logging statistical analysis into a three-dimensional compaction trend body reflecting the integral compaction characteristics of an area to be analyzed, and taking the three-dimensional compaction trend body as a first low-frequency model;
and step 3: optimizing a seismic velocity field obtained by processing seismic data, and correcting the seismic velocity field through a comparison analysis result of the seismic velocity field data extracted from well points and velocity data in logging data so as to ensure that the numerical range trend of the seismic velocity field is consistent with the numerical range trend of the velocity of the logging data;
and 4, step 4: converting the optimized seismic velocity field into a longitudinal wave impedance three-dimensional data volume serving as a low-frequency model II by utilizing the petrophysical relationship between the longitudinal wave velocity and the longitudinal wave impedance of the area to be analyzed;
and 5: combining the frequency domain of the first low-frequency model and the frequency domain of the second low-frequency model to obtain a third low-frequency model;
step 6: analyzing by using different seismic attributes, fusing multiple attributes, identifying abnormal distribution and range of the chimney-shaped reflectors and the number of the chimney-shaped reflectors, and determining the spatial distribution range of the chimney-shaped reflectors along different seismic horizons;
and 7: determining the spatial distribution range of the chimney-shaped reflector along different seismic layers, and then performing three-dimensional spatial interpolation by combining the seismic layers to establish a three-dimensional geological model of the chimney-shaped reflector;
and 8: performing histogram probability analysis on the log data in the chimney-shaped reflector through longitudinal wave impedance to determine a longitudinal wave impedance expected value of a hydrate layer in a chimney area, and filling the three-dimensional geological model by using the value as a low-frequency filling value of the three-dimensional geological model of the chimney-shaped reflector to obtain a low-frequency model IV of the chimney-shaped reflector;
and step 9: replacing a development region of a chimney-shaped reflector in the low-frequency model III with the low-frequency model IV to obtain a low-frequency model V suitable for a hydrate development region of the high-flux fluid leakage region;
step 10: performing deterministic inversion by using the low-frequency model V to obtain the hydrates of the hydrate development area of the high-flux fluid leakage area and longitudinal wave impedance elastic parameters of the free gas reservoir;
in step 6, the seismic attribute includes at least one of root mean square amplitude, coherence, and dip.
2. The method for inverting the heterogeneity of a reservoir in a cold spring developmental region according to claim 1, wherein the frequency of the trend relationship between the longitudinal wave impedance and the depth of burial in step 1 is 0-1 Hz.
3. The method for inversion of reservoir heterogeneity of a cold spring developmental region according to claim 1 wherein the frequency of the seismic velocity field in step 3 is in the range of 0-2 Hz.
4. The method for inversion of reservoir heterogeneity of a cold spring developmental region according to claim 1, wherein in the step 5, the first low frequency model and the second low frequency model are combined in a frequency domain, specifically, a part of the components of the first low frequency model and a part of the components of the second low frequency model are selected and combined.
5. The method for inversion of reservoir heterogeneity of a cold spring developmental region according to claim 1, wherein in the step 5, the first low frequency model and the second low frequency model are combined in a frequency domain, specifically, a component of 0 to 1Hz of the first low frequency model and a component of 1 to 2Hz of the second low frequency model are selected and combined.
6. The method for inversion of reservoir heterogeneity of a cold spring developmental region according to claim 1, wherein in the step 10, the deterministic inversion is performed by using a low frequency model five, specifically, the low frequency model five is input into the deterministic inversion by using Jason software.
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