CN117406283B - Acoustic multi-frequency combined identification method for submarine cold springs in large-scale sea area - Google Patents
Acoustic multi-frequency combined identification method for submarine cold springs in large-scale sea area Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses an acoustic multi-frequency combined identification method for a submarine cold spring in a large-scale sea area, and belongs to the field of submarine cold spring detection; the method is characterized in that three acoustic methods of multi-beam, shallow profile and multi-channel earthquake are creatively combined to achieve the purposes of covering two-dimensional and three-dimensional detection object space and tracking acoustic response characteristics of different media and key interfaces of cold spring fluid in the process of transferring sediment to sea water, and the submarine cold spring is judged based on different combinations formed by identification signals and indications by establishing one-to-one correspondence between different acoustic characteristic combinations and the cold springs. The scheme strengthens the identification of cold springs in the seabed and the space below the seabed by combining the multi-channel earthquake and shallow stratum profile method with lower frequency range, and the provided cold spring signal combination judging method has strong operability, can better improve the efficiency of cold spring judgment in later analysis and research, and has higher practical application and popularization value.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of ocean exploration, in particular to deep sea cold spring exploration, and particularly relates to an acoustic multi-frequency combined identification method for a large-range ocean cold spring.
Background
Cold springs are special geological units formed by the migration of deep gas-rich fluid (usually methane) of ocean rock circles to the vicinity of the sea bottom, and are characterized by low fluid temperature and high content of methane gas in free state compared with other ejected geological fluids (such as magma, hot liquid and the like). The enrichment position and degree of the cold spring on the sea bottom can often indicate the existence of conventional oil gas and natural gas hydrate mineral reservoirs below the cold spring, in addition, methane entering the sea water through the cold spring can also cause the hypoxia and acidification of the sea water, and if a large amount of methane directly escapes into the atmosphere, the greenhouse effect in the atmosphere can be further increased. It can be seen that cold springs play an important role in marine mineral exploration and global carbon circulation, and currently, cold springs found in deep sea worldwide are continuously increased and widely reported, and in the future, with the continued development of world ocean science research and investigation, more cold springs are found, and the unique formation process and the key mechanism for regulating methane are better explained.
The existing detection method of cold springs is on-board remote scanning and near-distance in-situ observation of an underwater platform, the former method is generally suitable for large-scale sea areas (hundreds of square kilometers or more), acoustic data in a single frequency range are used for surface scanning, and cold springs are identified according to bubble plumes in Multi-beam echo-sounding (MBES) water body data; the latter is suitable for small areas of the sea (below several square kilometers), submerged near the seafloor using remotely operated Robots (ROV) or the like, and found by looking for bubble rise in the visual imaging data. In addition, the underwater platform finds the cold spring detection speed in situ in a short distance too slow (usually only a few kilometers/hour), the underwater vision is not clear, the coverage area is too small (usually only a few meters), the detection work cost is too high in a given large-scale sea area, and the method is not suitable for investigation and scientific research task development.
The current feasible method is to use a ship-borne acoustic means, the existing acoustic method for detecting the submarine cold spring is single, and is usually to use a ship-borne multi-beam to identify the continuous bubble flow above the seabed, however, due to the fact that the activity intensity of the cold spring is changed greatly, the escaping air quantity can generate intense fluctuation in a short time, the phenomenon forms in the space above the cold spring at different times are inconsistent, temporary missing of the bubble plume often occurs, the time that the ship passes through the cold spring at one position in the navigation of the detection operation is only tens of seconds, acquired data cannot identify the bubble plume, so that cold spring discovery is missed, the situation is quite common in practical work, the bubble plume near the seabed is used as an identification mark for identifying the cold spring, the quantity of the cold spring is inevitably smaller than the quantity of the actual ocean, the quantity of the cold spring cannot be found, the conventional oil gas and natural gas hydrate mineral reservoirs below the cold spring cannot be found, and calculation errors are caused when a carbon emission list is compiled.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides an acoustic multi-frequency combined identification method for the submarine cold spring in a large-range sea area, which aims at solving the defects of the traditional shipborne remote scanning and the underwater platform near-distance in-situ observation of the cold spring.
The invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme: an acoustic multi-frequency combined identification method for a submarine cold spring in a large-scale sea area comprises the following steps:
step A, in a detection range, aiming at three modes of multi-beam, shallow profile and multi-channel earthquake, deploying a survey ship for data acquisition;
step B, respectively carrying out data analysis based on the data acquired in the three modes, extracting cold spring elements, and carrying out element space position matching;
the cold spring element comprises: cold spring component 1: acoustic bubble plumes above the sea floor; cold spring component 2: submarine backscatter intensity or reflected amplitude intensity; cold spring component 3: micro-relief deformation of the seafloor pit or the bulge; cold spring component 4: near-undersea pellet abnormal amplitude of the specular reflection; cold spring component 5: abnormal cylindrical reflection amplitude below the sea floor;
(1) Analyzing the multi-beam data, and extracting cold spring component element 1, cold spring component element 2 and cold spring component element 3, specifically:
extracting the part of the seawater with the back scattering intensity higher than the background value by 25%, checking again, and keeping only the part of the abnormal high value area which is in a flame shape and the bottom of which is in contact with the seabed, wherein the part is recorded as cold spring component element 1;
then, the back scattering intensity of the submarine layer is subjected to normal distribution treatment, and the part with the value 25% higher than the background value is extracted from the result, and the following parts are reserved: the plane shape presents a strip-shaped part which is approximately circular or elliptical and has a fan-shaped extension tail part, and the strip-shaped part indicates the autogenous carbonate rock or gas aggregation in the cold spring area and the liquefied sediment carried out when the cold spring fluid is sprayed out, and the part is recorded as cold spring component element 2;
finally, marking conical topographic protrusions or depressions with the seabed level diameter smaller than 1km, and marking the conical topographic protrusions or depressions as cold spring components 3.
(2) Analyzing shallow profile data, and extracting cold spring component elements 3 and 4, specifically:
extracting a part of the data below the sea floor while satisfying the following conditions: the cold spring component element 4 is formed by tens of meters to hundreds of meters in width, tens of meters to tens of meters in height, small in amplitude and uniform in value;
then, conical topographic projections or pit-like depressions having a seafloor horizon diameter of less than 1km are marked, and this portion is denoted as cold spring component 3, which coincides with the spatial position of the cold spring component 3 that is analyzed and extracted from the multibeam data.
(3) Analyzing a plurality of channels of seismic data, and extracting cold spring components 3 and 5, specifically:
extracting parts of the multi-channel seismic data below the sea floor, which simultaneously meet the following conditions: the amplitude is abnormally low or high, the vertical section is in a strip shape or a cylinder shape, the width is several meters to hundreds of meters, and the height is several tens of meters to hundreds of meters, and the amplitude is recorded as cold spring component element 5, and the cold spring fluid is reflected to be near a gas chimney or a fault of a path formed when the cold spring fluid moves underground;
then, conical topographic projections or depressions with a seafloor horizon diameter of less than 1km are marked, and this is denoted as cold spring component 3, which coincides with the spatial positions of the cold spring component 3 that is analytically extracted from the multibeam data and the cold spring component 3 that is analytically extracted from the shallow profile data.
Step C, respectively considering according to the positions where cold spring elements appear, and combining the following elements to identify the submarine cold spring, wherein the existence of the cold spring elements is recorded as 1, and the nonexistence of the cold spring elements is recorded as 0;
a subsea cold spring exists when the corresponding combination designations of cold spring component 1, cold spring component 2, cold spring component 3, cold spring component 4 and cold spring component 5 appear in the following combination:
10000,11000,10100,10010,10001,01010,01001,00101,11100,11010,11001,10110,10101,10011,01101,01011,00111,11110,11101,11011,10111,01111,11111；
when the following combination of the corresponding combination designations of cold spring component 1, cold spring component 2, cold spring component 3, cold spring component 4 and cold spring component 5 occurs, there is no subsea cold spring:
01000,00100,00010,00001,01100,00110,00011,01110。
compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages and positive effects that:
according to the scheme, a plurality of acoustic response indexes (such as elements of back scattering intensity of a seabed layer and the like) are added on the basis of the original identification marks, and a multi-channel earthquake and shallow stratum profile method with a lower frequency range is used in a combined mode, so that the identification of cold springs in the seabed and the space below the seabed is enhanced, and a judging scheme of various combination results of the identification marks in three acoustic materials of multi-beam, shallow profile and multi-channel earthquake for cold spring detection is provided; the cold spring signal combination judging method is high in operability and can improve the cold spring judging efficiency in later analysis and research.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a method for identifying a cold spring on the seabed according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a cold spring geologic model and components of each cold spring according to an embodiment of the invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of an acoustic detection method and a characteristic diagram thereof corresponding to each cold spring component element according to an embodiment of the present invention, wherein (a) is a schematic diagram of detection results of multiple beams ((a) left) and shallow cross-section ((a) right) corresponding to the cold spring component element 1; (b) A detection result diagram of multi-beam and multi-channel seismic methods corresponding to the cold spring component element 2 is shown, and (b) the position of the multi-beam method submarine autogenous carbonate is shown on the left; (b) The right is the collection and distribution position of submarine gas by a multi-channel earthquake method; (c) A multi-beam and multi-channel seismic exploration result schematic diagram corresponding to the cold spring component element 3 is shown, wherein (c) a multi-beam method submarine concave schematic diagram is shown on the left, and a multi-channel seismic method submarine convex schematic diagram is shown on the right; (d) A schematic diagram of the air mass below the seabed detected by the shallow profile method corresponding to the cold spring component element 4; (e) A schematic view of submarine bump detected by a multi-channel seismic method corresponding to the cold spring component element 5.
Detailed Description
In order that the above objects, features and advantages of the invention will be more readily understood, a further description of the invention will be rendered by reference to specific embodiments thereof which are illustrated in the appended drawings. In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention, however, the present invention may be practiced otherwise than as described herein, and therefore the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.
Considering that the submarine cold spring components cannot be completely identified by an acoustic method, and that single isolated cold spring components (except for plume) have multiple resolvable in causality, namely other effects can also cause the components to appear, for example, submarine pit cold spring removing processes can be formed, and submarine ocean currents can flush to form similar components; in addition, elements can also be multi-solvable in acoustic data, and in some cases a single acoustic data cannot have a "hammer" effect on the presence of cold springs. Thus, there is a need to track cold spring components and features in a continuous space of sediment-seafloor-water, using multiple data to cross-verify each other, eliminating other geological effects and disturbances from human interpretation. The invention creatively combines three acoustic methods with different frequencies to achieve the purposes of covering two-dimensional and three-dimensional detection object spaces and tracking acoustic response characteristics of different media and key interfaces in the process of transferring sediment to seawater by cold spring fluid, and further establishes one-to-one correspondence between different acoustic characteristic combinations and cold springs by combining cold spring formation mechanism and geological element characterization, and realizes the judgment of the submarine cold springs based on different combinations formed by identification signals and indications, in particular:
the embodiment provides an acoustic multi-frequency combined identification method for a submarine cold spring in a large-scale sea area, as shown in fig. 1, comprising the following steps:
step A, in a detection range, aiming at three modes of multi-beam, shallow profile and multi-channel earthquake, deploying a survey ship for data acquisition;
(1) Demarcating a detection range: determining the range of the sea area to be detected, recording the position information of the work area, and calculating the area of the work area;
(2) Deploying survey vessel paths: according to the water depth of a work area and the coverage range of three acoustic devices, paths for acquiring data of ships are respectively designed and deployed for multi-beam, shallow profile and multi-channel seismic exploration voyages.
For multi-beam data, fine landform full coverage is required; for three-dimensional seismic data, full coverage of subsurface information is required. The main frequency ranges of multi-beam, shallow profile and multi-channel seismic exploration are 12-400 kHz, 2-6 kHz and 5-250 Hz respectively, wherein the multi-beam is recommended to use 12 kHz in the range of 800m-3000 m of sea water depth exploration, and higher frequency equipment can be used in the range below the sea water depth; the multi-beam detection method is suitable for the seabed and the upper part (within hundreds of meters), the shallow profile is suitable for the seabed and the upper and lower parts (within tens of meters), and the multi-beam seismic detection method is suitable for the seabed and the lower part (within hundreds of meters).
(3) Acquiring data: and respectively using different methods to acquire data according to deployment results, wherein the ship speed in the process is not more than 6 knots. The method is also one of the advantages of the scheme, and the ideal effect can be achieved by one-time detection through cross verification between data with different frequencies, so that the working time of the ship is shortened, and financial and manpower losses caused by extra sailing are avoided.
Step B, data analysis and spatial position matching, further described with reference to FIGS. 2 and 3;
five cold spring components are defined: cold spring component 1: acoustic bubble plumes above the sea floor; cold spring component 2: submarine backscatter intensity or reflected amplitude intensity; cold spring component 3: micro-relief deformation of the seafloor pit or the bulge; cold spring component 4: near-undersea pellet abnormal amplitude of the specular reflection; cold spring component 5: abnormal cylindrical reflection amplitude below the sea floor;
(4) Analyzing multi-beam data, and extracting cold spring component element 1, cold spring component element 2 and cold spring component element 3;
the portion of the sea water with a backscattering strength higher than 25% of the background value is extracted, and then inspected again, and only the portion of the abnormally high value region which is flame-like and the bottom of which is in contact with the sea floor is left to exclude other disturbances such as hot liquid eruption flow, fish shoal and the like, which is an indication of the cold spring component element 1.
Then, the back scattering intensity of the submarine layer is subjected to normal distribution treatment, and the part with the value 25% higher than the background value is extracted from the result, and the following parts are reserved: the planar form presents a strip-like part which is approximately circular or elliptical and extends to a fan body, and indicates the autogenous carbonate rock or gas accumulation in the cold spring area and liquefied sediment carried out when cold spring fluid is sprayed out, and the part is indicated by cold spring component element 2.
Finally, a conical topographic protrusion or depression with a seafloor horizon diameter of less than 1km is marked, which is an indication of the cold spring component 3.
(5) Analyzing the shallow stratum profile data, and extracting cold spring components 3 and 4;
the data reaction space of the method is near the intersection of other two types of data, and can be cross-validated with the other two types of data. Extracting a part of the data below the sea floor while satisfying the following conditions: the cold spring component 4 is indicated by a width of several tens to several hundreds meters, a height of several tens meters, and a small and uniform amplitude. Then, a conical topographic protrusion or pit-like depression with a seafloor horizon diameter of less than 1km is marked, which is an indication of the cold spring component element 3, which should coincide with the hollow position in (4).
(6) Analyzing multiple channels of seismic data, and extracting cold spring constituent elements 3 and 5;
extracting a part of the data below the sea floor while satisfying the following conditions: the amplitude is abnormally low or high, is in a strip shape or a cylinder shape in a vertical section, has a width of several meters to hundreds of meters and a height of several tens of meters to hundreds of meters, and is indicated by cold spring component elements 5, and is reflected near a gas chimney or a fault of a path formed when cold spring fluid moves underground. Thereafter, a conical topographic protrusion or depression having a seafloor level diameter less than 1km is identified, which is indicative of cold spring component 3, which should be consistent with the hollow locations in (4) and (5).
(7) Element distribution spatial position matching:
and (3) spatially matching the cold spring elements extracted and marked in (4), (5) and (6) and the position information thereof, and unifying the plane and vertical distribution into earth information software (such as ArcGIS, mapGIS, globalMapper and the like) so as to facilitate observation of element combination relations at specific positions.
Step C, judging cold spring:
the positions of the cold spring constituent elements are considered respectively, the cold spring constituent elements are judged one by one according to the combination of the elements and the table 1, and the judged cold spring coordinates are recorded, so that the position of the submarine cold spring is obtained.
TABLE 1 judging whether Cold springs develop according to different combinations of cold spring composition elements
。
The following description will be made of the case where each combination in the above table is judged as no:
combination 2: abnormal areas in the cold spring component 2 (submarine back-scatter or reflection intensity) may also be caused by local lithology as well as pure liquid geological fluids, so the presence of cold springs alone cannot be confirmed.
Combination 3: cold spring component 3 (micro-topographical deformations of the seafloor depressions or protrusions) may be a bulge of sediment under structural stress or associated with volume expansion caused by the conversion of fluid into hydrate solid state, and may also be a topographical change caused by ocean currents on the seafloor, so that the presence of cold springs alone cannot be confirmed.
Combination 4: cold spring component 4 (abnormal amplitude of the bump reflection near the bottom of the sea) may also indicate muddy liquefied sediment, resulting in reduced density and wave impedance, thereby forming blank bands, so the presence of cold spring alone cannot be confirmed.
Combination 5: the chimney-like migration path indicated by the cold spring component 5 (cylindrical reflection amplitude anomaly below the sea floor) may not extend to the sea floor, and the gas does not necessarily reach the sea floor to form cold springs, so the presence of cold springs alone cannot be confirmed.
Combination 10: the simultaneous occurrence of both cold spring component 2 (seafloor back scattering or reflection intensity) and cold spring component 3 (seafloor concave or convex micro-geomorphic deformation) may also be a seafloor intrusion caused by the underlying magma activity, and the presence of gaseous fluid cannot be confirmed by only these two data, so the combination cannot confirm the presence of cold springs.
Combination 13: the reason is that, with the combination 10, the cold spring component 4 (the amplitude abnormality of the block-like reflection immediately below the sea floor) may be abnormal in amplitude due to magma, and thus the combination cannot confirm the presence of cold springs.
Combination 15: the reason for this is that, with the combination 5, the cold spring element 4 (the sub-sea bump reflection amplitude anomaly) and the cold spring element 5 (the sub-sea cylindrical reflection amplitude anomaly) may be indicated as gas migration below the sea floor but not reaching the sea floor, or as pure liquid fluid migration without a gas phase, so that the combination cannot confirm the presence of cold springs.
Combination 22: the reason for this is that, in combination 10, cold spring component 2 (seafloor back scattering or reflection intensity), cold spring component 3 (seafloor concave or convex micro-geomorphic deformation) and cold spring component 4 (seafloor near-below bump reflection amplitude anomaly) may be indicative of magma activity or the ejection of muddy liquefied sediment, so this combination cannot confirm the presence of cold springs.
In addition, previous methods are directed to the visual observation of bubble leakage from the seafloor in the current time dimension, which is merely a transient physical process of cold springs, and in practice cold spring activity and sleep periods may vary from days to tens of thousands of years, and during the "life" period there may be other processes including gas accumulation and accumulation processes before leakage below the seafloor, carbonate formation formed by methane anaerobic oxidation, and vertical formation migration channels formed by rapid methane release, which are geological records and evidence of past cold spring activity, i.e., current cold spring activity is identified by virtue of leakage of bubbles from the seafloor, past cold spring activity is identified by virtue of proximity to the seafloor air mass, carbonate and vertical channels, which have unique morphological characteristics that are gradually recognized as understanding of global ocean exploration engineering is continuously discovered and studied. Through the design of the scheme, not only can the cold springs moving nowadays be found, but also the past ancient cold springs can be well indicated, so that the detection efficiency is improved, and the number of cold spring achievements in marine geological investigation is greatly increased.
The present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments, and any equivalent embodiments which can be changed or modified by the technical content disclosed above can be applied to other fields, but any simple modification, equivalent changes and modification made to the above-mentioned embodiments according to the technical substance of the present invention without departing from the technical content of the present invention still belong to the protection scope of the technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. The acoustic multi-frequency combined identification method for the submarine cold springs in the large-scale sea area is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step A, in a detection range, aiming at three modes of multi-beam, shallow profile and multi-channel earthquake, deploying a survey ship for data acquisition;
step B, respectively carrying out data analysis based on the data acquired in the three modes, extracting cold spring elements, and carrying out element space position matching; the cold spring element comprises: cold spring component 1: acoustic bubble plumes above the sea floor; cold spring component 2: submarine backscatter intensity or reflected amplitude intensity; cold spring component 3: micro-relief deformation of the seafloor pit or the bulge; cold spring component 4: near-undersea pellet abnormal amplitude of the specular reflection; cold spring component 5: abnormal cylindrical reflection amplitude below the sea floor;
wherein, carry out the analysis to multibeam data, extract cold spring constituent element 1, cold spring constituent element 2 and cold spring constituent element 3, specifically include:
extracting the part of the seawater with the back scattering intensity higher than the background value by 25%, checking again, and keeping only the part of the abnormal high value area which is in a flame shape and the bottom of which is in contact with the seabed, wherein the part is recorded as cold spring component element 1;
then, the back scattering intensity of the submarine layer is subjected to normal distribution treatment, and the part with the value 25% higher than the background value is extracted from the result, and the following parts are reserved: the plane shape presents a strip-shaped part which is approximately circular or elliptical and has a fan-shaped extension tail part, and the strip-shaped part indicates liquefied sediment brought by the accumulation of autogenous carbonate rock gas in a cold spring zone and the ejection of cold spring fluid respectively, and the part is recorded as cold spring component element 2;
finally, marking conical topographic protrusions or depressions with the seabed horizon diameter smaller than 1km, and marking the conical topographic protrusions or depressions as cold spring components 3;
step C, respectively considering according to the positions where cold spring elements appear, and combining the following elements to identify the submarine cold spring, wherein the existence of the cold spring elements is recorded as 1, and the nonexistence of the cold spring elements is recorded as 0;
a subsea cold spring exists when the corresponding combination designations of cold spring component 1, cold spring component 2, cold spring component 3, cold spring component 4 and cold spring component 5 appear in the following combination:
10000,11000,10100,10010,10001,01010,01001,00101,11100,11010,11001,10110,10101,10011,01101,01011,00111,11110,11101,11011,10111,01111,11111；
when the following combination of the corresponding combination designations of cold spring component 1, cold spring component 2, cold spring component 3, cold spring component 4 and cold spring component 5 occurs, there is no subsea cold spring:
01000,00100,00010,00001,01100,00110,00011,01110。
2. the method for identifying the acoustic multi-frequency combination of the cold springs on the seafloor in the large-scale sea area according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step B, the shallow profile data is analyzed, and the cold spring component element 3 and the cold spring component element 4 are extracted, specifically:
extracting a part of the data below the sea floor while satisfying the following conditions: the cold spring component element 4 is formed by tens of meters to hundreds of meters in width, tens of meters to tens of meters in height, small in amplitude and uniform in value;
then, conical topographic projections or pit-like depressions with a seafloor horizon diameter of less than 1km are marked, and this part is marked as a cold spring component element 3, which coincides with the spatial position of the cold spring component element 3 that is analyzed and extracted from the multibeam data.
3. The method for identifying the acoustic multi-frequency combination of the cold springs on the seafloor in the large-scale sea area according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step B, multiple channels of seismic data are analyzed, and cold spring constituent elements 3 and 5 are extracted, specifically:
extracting parts of the multi-channel seismic data below the sea floor, which simultaneously meet the following conditions: the amplitude is abnormally low or high, the vertical section is in a strip shape or a cylinder shape, the width is several meters to hundreds of meters, and the height is several tens of meters to hundreds of meters, and the amplitude is recorded as cold spring component element 5, and the cold spring fluid is reflected to be near a gas chimney or a fault of a path formed when the cold spring fluid moves underground;
then, conical topographic projections or depressions with a subsea horizon diameter of less than 1km are marked, and this is denoted as cold spring component 3, which coincides with the spatial positions of cold spring component 3, which is analytically extracted from the multibeam data, and cold spring component 3, which is analytically extracted from the shallow profile data.
4. The method for identifying the acoustic multi-frequency combination of the cold springs on the seafloor in the large-scale sea area according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step B, when element space position matching is carried out, the extracted cold spring component elements and the position information thereof are matched, and the plane and vertical distribution are unified into the earth information software so as to observe the cold spring component element combination relation at a specific position.
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