CN114200540A - Method for dynamically predicting carbonate weathered crust karst reservoir development area - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for dynamically predicting a carbonate weathered crust karst reservoir development area, which comprises the following steps: 1) obtaining rock core, slice, well logging, well drilling, testing and three-dimensional seismic data; 2) carrying out stratum division comparison, and determining a top boundary of a target layer, a bottom boundary of the target layer and a deposition discontinuous surface; 3) explaining the top boundary of the target layer, the bottom boundary of the target layer and the deposition discontinuous surface; 4) restoring karst ancient landforms (corresponding to a plurality of stages of the whole weathering period, such as early stage, middle stage and final stage) between the bottom boundary of the target layer and the adjacent deposition discontinuities, between the adjacent deposition discontinuities and between the top boundary of the target layer and the adjacent deposition discontinuities by adopting a stratum thickness method; 5) and comprehensively predicting the weathering crust karst reservoir development area according to the recovered multiple karst ancient landforms. According to the invention, the prediction precision of the target layer weathered shell karst reservoir development area is improved by dynamically revealing the evolution process of the karst ancient landform of the target layer in the whole weathering period.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of karst reservoir distribution prediction in the petroleum industry, in particular to a method for dynamically predicting a development area of a carbonate weathering crust karst reservoir.
Background
Global oil and gas exploration practices indicate that the karst effect is an important mechanism for forming high quality carbonate reservoirs. A plurality of large and medium carbonate weathering crust karst reservoir oil and gas fields are found in Tarim basins, Ordos basins, Sichuan basins and a plurality of foreign basins in China. Research shows that the distribution of the karst reservoir is closely related to the paleotopographic features of the karst, the paleo-karst slope and the paleo-karst plateau edge are favorable development areas of the reservoir, and the karst residual hills are the areas where the reservoir develops most. Therefore, accurately restoring karst paleography is the key to the prediction of carbonate weathered crust karst reservoir development zone.
In recent years, karst ancient landforms are mainly described by a sequence stratigraphy method, an impression method, a residual thickness method and the like, so that a carbonate weathering crust karst reservoir development area is predicted. However, under the influence of the structure movement, the stratum is degraded, and the karst ancient landform recovered by the residual thickness method has larger error with the real ancient landform. Meanwhile, the target layer may have deposition discontinuity in the deposition process, and the formation can also form a weathered crust karst reservoir layer under the weathering leaching effect in the deposition discontinuity period. At present, the forecast of a weathering crust karst reservoir development area only restores the karst ancient landform of a certain stage of the whole weathering period of a target layer to reflect the karst ancient landform of the whole target layer, and the karst ancient landform is static, relatively large in error and incapable of dynamically revealing the evolution process of the karst ancient landform of multiple stages of the whole weathering period of the target layer.
Therefore, in order to further improve the prediction accuracy, the invention provides a new idea for restoring karst ancient landforms of multiple stages such as an early stage (namely the first deposition intermission period of a target layer), a middle stage (namely the second deposition intermission period of the target layer) and a final stage (namely the final stage of structural movement) of weathering effect, and forms a new method for dynamically predicting the carbonate weathered crust karst reservoir development zone.
Disclosure of Invention
The development of a prediction research on a weathering crust karst reservoir is one of hot spots for research on carbonate reservoirs for a long time. The method has very important significance for finding the dessert reservoir, improving the yield of a single well and saving exploration investment by accurately predicting the development area of the weathered crust karst reservoir. Therefore, in order to further improve the prediction precision of the distribution of the carbonate weathered crust karst reservoir, the invention provides a method for dynamically predicting the development area of the carbonate weathered crust karst reservoir.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a method for dynamically predicting a carbonate weathered crust karst reservoir development zone, the method comprising the steps of:
1) obtaining rock core, slice, well logging, well drilling, testing and three-dimensional seismic data;
2) carrying out stratum division comparison, and determining a top boundary of a target layer, a bottom boundary of the target layer and a deposition discontinuous surface;
3) explaining the top boundary of the target layer, the bottom boundary of the target layer and the deposition discontinuous surface;
4) restoring the karst ancient landform between the bottom boundary of the target layer and the adjacent deposition discontinuities, between the adjacent deposition discontinuities and between the top boundary of the target layer and the adjacent deposition discontinuities by adopting a stratum thickness method (corresponding to a plurality of stages of the whole weathering period, such as an early stage, a middle stage and a final stage; when only one deposition discontinuous surface is present, the karst ancient landform between adjacent deposition discontinuous surfaces is absent, and the corresponding stages are the early stage and the final stage of the whole weathering period; of course there may be more than two deposition discontinuities);
5) and comprehensively predicting the weathering crust karst reservoir development area according to the recovered multiple karst ancient landforms.
According to the invention, the prediction precision of the weathering crust karst reservoir development area of the target layer is improved by dynamically revealing the evolution process of the karst ancient landform of the target layer in the whole weathering period.
Based on the method of the invention, preferably, the specific method for acquiring the rock core, the slice, the logging, the drilling, the testing and the three-dimensional seismic data in the step 1) is as follows: a) determining visual rock sample characteristics such as lithology, pore size and the like by photographing, visual observation and chemical analysis of the rock core; b) observing the slice under a microscope or an electron microscope to obtain data such as mineral components, pore types and the like; c) obtaining information such as formation lithology composition, rock porosity, permeability, formation hydrocarbon containing property and the like through analyzing the logging curve; d) analyzing the formation lithology composition and the pore gap development degree through the rock debris and the drilling fluid use degree obtained in the drilling process; e) directly obtaining the oil-gas containing characteristics of the stratum through oil testing and gas testing conditions; f) describing the plane spread of the stratum by explaining the three-dimensional seismic data, wherein other information comprises the formation characteristics of the stratum, the stratum burial depth and the like;
based on the method, preferably, in the step 2), based on three-dimensional seismic data, combining rock cores, slices, well logging, well drilling and test data, and adopting a sequence stratigraphy method to carry out stratigraphic division comparison.
Based on the method, preferably, the well-seismic combination in the step 2) determines the top boundary of the target layer, the bottom boundary of the target layer and the deposition discontinuity by means of the seismic event-phase analysis technology.
Based on the method of the present invention, preferably, the process of determining the top boundary of the target layer, the bottom boundary of the target layer and the deposition discontinuity by means of the seismic event analysis technique comprises:
decomposing original seismic data into a high-frequency data volume and a low-frequency data volume, and calculating the inclination angle difference of the two data volumes to form an inclination angle difference data volume; and comparing the dip angle difference data volume with the original seismic data, wherein the coincident seismic event axis is an isochronous interface, namely a deposition discontinuity.
Based on the method, preferably, the top boundary of the target layer, the bottom boundary of the target layer and the deposition discontinuities are explained in the step 3) by adopting a seismic sequence explanation technology. The explanation of the invention needs to be fine explanation, and the explanation is carried out on the three-dimensional seismic data line by line.
Based on the method of the present invention, preferably, step 3) specifically includes: according to the fine well seismic calibration, determining seismic reflection characteristics of a target layer top boundary, a target layer bottom boundary and a deposition discontinuity; and tracking and explaining the top and bottom boundaries of the target layer and the horizon of the deposition discontinuity surface by adopting a seismic sequence explanation technology and comprehensively considering according to a phase mark, an energy mark, a waveform mark and an interface reflection time difference stability comparison principle.
Based on the method, preferably, in the step 4), when the karst ancient landform between the top boundary of the target layer and the adjacent deposition discontinuous surface is restored, the karst ancient landform is represented by the residual stratum thickness for the area where the stratum is not degraded;
and for the area of the stratum suffering from the degradation, characterizing the karst ancient landform according to the stratum thickness obtained by calculating that the stratum deposition thickness of different intervals has deposition inheritance in the same layer system.
Based on the method of the present invention, the deposition discontinuities may comprise 1, 2, 3 or even more; preferably, the deposition discontinuities comprise a first deposition discontinuity and a second deposition discontinuity from bottom to top.
Based on the method of the present invention, it is preferred that the residual thickness between the top boundary of the target layer and the second deposition discontinuity is H, corresponding to an area of the formation that has not been degraded3The thickness of the formation between the first and second sedimentary discontinuities is H2；
The residual thickness between the top boundary of the target layer and the second deposition discontinuity is h corresponding to the area of the formation subject to degradation3The amount of formation degradation is delta h3The thickness of the formation between the first and second sedimentary discontinuities is h2；
H is obtained according to the stratum deposition thickness of different intervals and the deposition inheritance in the same layer system3/H2＝(h3+△h3)/h2Then (h)3+△h3)＝H3·h2/H2(ii) a To (h)3+△h3) To characterize the karst paleography between the top boundary of the target layer and the second depositional discontinuity in the area of the formation subject to degradation.
Based on the method, preferably, the restored karst ancient landforms between the bottom boundary of the target layer and the adjacent deposition discontinuities, between the adjacent deposition discontinuities and between the top boundary of the target layer and the adjacent deposition discontinuities respectively correspond to the karst ancient landforms at the early stage, the middle stage and the final stage of the weathering;
the step 5) specifically comprises the following steps: determining the development areas of the weathering crust karst reservoir at different stages according to the principle that the high-potential area of the ancient landform is the favorable development area of the weathering crust karst reservoir, and fusing the development areas of the weathering crust karst reservoir at different stages on the basis of the determination, thereby comprehensively predicting the distribution of the development areas of the weathering crust karst reservoir at the target layer.
Compared with the static prediction method of the weathering crust karst reservoir development area in the prior art, the method provided by the invention fully considers the karst ancient landform characteristics of multiple stages of the whole weathering action period of the target layer, and simultaneously carries out the amount of formation degradation (delta h in figure 2) caused by the tectonic movement3) The method has the advantages that the recovery is carried out, and the prediction precision of the weathered crust karst reservoir development area is greatly improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the method of the present invention for dynamically predicting a carbonate weathering crust karst reservoir development zone.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a karst ancient landform restoration technology at different stages of a weathering period.
FIG. 3 is an early karst paleography of four-stage weathering for the restored lamp shade group of the example.
FIG. 4 is an end stage karst paleography of four-stage weathering for the restored lamp shade group of the example.
FIG. 5 is a plan view of a prediction of a four-segment weathering crust karst reservoir development area of a lamp shade group lamp predicted in an example.
Detailed Description
In order to more clearly illustrate the invention, the invention is further described below in connection with preferred embodiments. It is to be understood by persons skilled in the art that the following detailed description is illustrative and not restrictive, and is not to be taken as limiting the scope of the invention.
As shown in fig. 1, the present invention provides a method for dynamically predicting a carbonate weathered crust karst reservoir development zone, the method comprising the steps of:
1) obtaining rock core, slice, well logging, well drilling, testing and three-dimensional seismic data;
2) carrying out stratum division comparison, and determining a top boundary of a target layer, a bottom boundary of the target layer and a deposition discontinuous surface;
3) explaining the top boundary of the target layer, the bottom boundary of the target layer and the deposition discontinuous surface;
4) restoring karst ancient landforms (corresponding to a plurality of stages of the whole weathering period, such as early stage, middle stage and final stage) between the bottom boundary of the target layer and the adjacent deposition discontinuities, between the adjacent deposition discontinuities and between the top boundary of the target layer and the adjacent deposition discontinuities by adopting a stratum thickness method;
5) and comprehensively predicting the weathering crust karst reservoir development area according to the recovered multiple karst ancient landforms.
The embodiment of the invention partially provides a preferable scheme, and the method comprises the following steps:
1) obtaining core, slice, logging, well drilling, testing and three-dimensional seismic data.
2) And carrying out stratum division comparison, and determining a top boundary of the target layer, a bottom boundary of the target layer and a deposition discontinuous surface.
The method comprises the steps of combining rock cores, slices, logging, drilling and testing data based on three-dimensional seismic data, carrying out stratigraphic division comparison by adopting a sequence stratigraphy method, combining well and seismic, calculating inclination angle difference of two data bodies by means of a seismic event isochronal analysis technology (technical thought: decomposing original seismic data into high-frequency and low-frequency data bodies, forming an inclination angle difference data body, comparing the inclination angle difference data body with the original data body, and determining a target layer top boundary, a target layer bottom boundary and a deposition discontinuity by taking a coincident seismic event as an isochronal interface, namely a deposition discontinuity). As shown in fig. 2, the deposition discontinuities include a first deposition discontinuity and a second deposition discontinuity from bottom to top.
3) The top boundary of the target layer, the bottom boundary of the target layer and the deposition discontinuities are explained.
According to the fine well seismic calibration, determining seismic reflection characteristics of a target layer top boundary, a target layer bottom boundary and a deposition discontinuity; the seismic sequence interpretation technology is adopted, and the top and bottom boundaries of a target layer and the horizon of a deposition discontinuous surface are tracked and interpreted according to the comprehensive consideration of the comparison principles of phase marks (homomorphism), energy marks (amplitude intensity and stability), waveform marks (waveform characteristic similarity), interface reflection time difference stability and the like.
4) Restoring karst ancient landforms (corresponding to a plurality of stages of the whole weathering period, such as early stage, middle stage and final stage) between the bottom boundary of the target layer and the adjacent deposition discontinuities, between the adjacent deposition discontinuities and between the top boundary of the target layer and the adjacent deposition discontinuities by adopting a stratum thickness method;
as shown in fig. 2, the example includes two deposition discontinuities. When the karst ancient landform between the top boundary of the target layer and the adjacent deposition discontinuous surface (the second deposition discontinuous surface) is recovered, the residual stratum thickness h of the target layer is used for the area of the stratum which is corroded3The karst ancient landform at the end stage of the weathering of the target layer cannot be truly reflected, and only h can be used3+△h3The karst ancient landform can be truly characterized. For the area of the formation that is not degraded, use the residual formation thickness H3To characterize the karst ancient landform; and for the area of the stratum suffering from the degradation, characterizing the karst ancient landform according to the stratum thickness obtained by calculating that the stratum deposition thickness of different intervals has deposition inheritance in the same layer system.
Specifically, the residual thickness between the top boundary of the target layer and the second deposition discontinuity is H, corresponding to the area of the formation that has not been degraded3(characterizing the ancient geomorphology at the end of weathering), the thickness of the formation between the first and second sedimentary discontinuities is H2(characterizing the ancient geomorphology during weathering), the thickness of the formation between the first deposition discontinuity and the bottom boundary of the layer of interest is H1(characterization of the ancient geomorphology early in efflorescence). The residual thickness between the top boundary of the target layer and the second deposition discontinuity is h corresponding to the area of the formation subject to degradation3The amount of formation degradation is delta h3The thickness of the formation between the first and second sedimentary discontinuities is h2(characterizing the ancient geomorphology during weathering), the thickness of the formation between the first deposition discontinuity and the bottom boundary of the layer of interest is h1(characterization of the ancient geomorphology early in efflorescence).
According to the deposition thickness of the stratum in different intervalsHaving deposition inheritance within the same layer to obtain H3/H2＝(h3+△h3)/h2Then (h)3+△h3)＝H3·h2/H2(ii) a To (h)3+△h3) To characterize the karst paleography between the top boundary of the target layer and the second depositional discontinuity in the area of the formation subject to degradation.
5) And comprehensively predicting the weathering crust karst reservoir development area according to the recovered multiple karst ancient landforms.
Determining the development areas of the weathering crust karst reservoir at different stages according to the principle that the high-potential area of the ancient landform is the favorable development area of the weathering crust karst reservoir, and fusing the development areas of the weathering crust karst reservoir at different stages on the basis of the determination, thereby comprehensively predicting the distribution of the development areas of the weathering crust karst reservoir at the target layer.
The embodiment of the invention partially aims at the SC basin GS area and adopts the existing static prediction method and the dynamic prediction method of the preferred scheme to carry out comparative prediction on the carbonate weathered crust karst reservoir development area. The weathering stage of the area includes a pre-stage and a post-stage.
Figure 3 shows an ancient appearance of a karst based on the restoration of a certain stage (early) of weathering. The high and low regions of the landform and the higher regions of the landform can be seen in the diagram to develop the reservoir of the weathering crust, so that the distribution of the reservoir based on a certain stage (early stage) of the weathering action of the reservoir. Compared with the development degree of the reservoir in actual drilling in the graph, the anastomosis rate is low: of the 14 drilled wells, 10 matched well, and the rate of matching was only 71%.
Figure 4 shows an ancient appearance of a restored karst at a certain stage (end stage) based on weathering. The high and low regions of the landform and the higher regions of the landform can be seen in the diagram to develop the reservoir of the weathering crust, thereby determining the distribution of the reservoir based on a certain stage (end stage) of the weathering effect of the soil. Compared with the development degree of the reservoir in actual drilling in the graph, the anastomosis rate is low: of the 14 drilled wells, 8 matched, with only 57% match rate.
FIG. 5 is a schematic illustration of a reservoir profile of a weathering crust karst determined based on the dynamically restored karst paleography of the present invention. In the figure, a deep gray area is an early karst reservoir development area, a light gray area is a last karst reservoir development area, and the deep gray area and the light gray area jointly form a target karst reservoir development area. Compared with the development degree of the reservoir stratum of actual drilling, the anastomosis rate is higher: among 14 drilled wells, 13 wells are anastomosed, and the anastomosis rate reaches 93%.
The exploration practice shows that the dynamic prediction method provided by the invention is feasible in the prediction of the development area of the carbonate weathered crust karst reservoir, and is worth of reference application in similar areas.
It should be understood that the above-mentioned embodiments of the present invention are only examples for clearly illustrating the present invention, and are not intended to limit the embodiments of the present invention, and it will be obvious to those skilled in the art that other variations or modifications may be made on the basis of the above description, and all embodiments may not be exhaustive, and all obvious variations or modifications may be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method for dynamically predicting a carbonate weathered crust karst reservoir development zone, the method comprising the steps of:
1) obtaining core, slice, logging, drilling, testing and three-dimensional seismic data,
2) carrying out stratum division comparison, and determining a top boundary of a target layer, a bottom boundary of the target layer and a deposition discontinuous surface;
3) explaining the top boundary of the target layer, the bottom boundary of the target layer and the deposition discontinuous surface;
4) restoring karst ancient landforms between the bottom boundary of the target layer and the adjacent deposition discontinuities, between the adjacent deposition discontinuities and between the top boundary of the target layer and the adjacent deposition discontinuities by adopting a stratum thickness method;
5) and comprehensively predicting the weathering crust karst reservoir development area according to the recovered multiple karst ancient landforms.
2. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the stratigraphic division comparison in step 2) is performed by using a sequence stratigraphy method based on three-dimensional seismic data in combination with core, slice, logging, drilling and testing data.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein in step 2) the well-to-seismic integration is performed by seismic event analysis techniques to determine the top boundary of the target layer, the bottom boundary of the target layer, and the sedimentary discontinuities.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein determining the top boundary of the target layer, the bottom boundary of the target layer, and the deposition discontinuity using seismic event isochronal analysis comprises:
decomposing original seismic data into a high-frequency data volume and a low-frequency data volume, and calculating the inclination angle difference of the two data volumes to form an inclination angle difference data volume; and comparing the dip angle difference data volume with the original seismic data, wherein the coincident seismic event axis is an isochronous interface, namely a deposition discontinuity.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the top boundary of the target layer, the bottom boundary of the target layer and the deposition discontinuities are interpreted in step 3) using seismic sequence interpretation techniques.
6. The method according to claim 5, wherein step 3) comprises in particular: according to the fine well seismic calibration, determining seismic reflection characteristics of a target layer top boundary, a target layer bottom boundary and a deposition discontinuity; and tracking and explaining the top and bottom boundaries of the target layer and the horizon of the deposition discontinuity surface by adopting a seismic sequence explanation technology and comprehensively considering according to a phase mark, an energy mark, a waveform mark and an interface reflection time difference stability comparison principle.
7. The method according to claim 1, wherein in the step 4), when the karst ancient landform between the top boundary of the target stratum and the adjacent deposition discontinuous surface is restored, the karst ancient landform is characterized by the residual stratum thickness for the area where the stratum is not degraded;
and for the area of the stratum suffering from the degradation, characterizing the karst ancient landform according to the stratum thickness obtained by calculating that the stratum deposition thickness of different intervals has deposition inheritance in the same layer system.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein the deposition discontinuity comprises a first deposition discontinuity and a second deposition discontinuity from bottom to top.
9. The method of claim 8, wherein a residual thickness between the top boundary of the destination layer and the second deposition discontinuity is H corresponding to an area of the formation that has not been degraded3The thickness of the formation between the first and second sedimentary discontinuities is H2；
The residual thickness between the top boundary of the target layer and the second deposition discontinuity is h corresponding to the area of the formation subject to degradation3The amount of formation degradation is delta h3The thickness of the formation between the first and second sedimentary discontinuities is h2；
H is obtained according to the stratum deposition thickness of different intervals and the deposition inheritance in the same layer system3/H2＝(h3+△h3)/h2Then (h)3+△h3)＝H3·h2/H2(ii) a To (h)3+△h3) To characterize the karst paleography between the top boundary of the target layer and the second depositional discontinuity in the area of the formation subject to degradation.
10. The method of claim 9, wherein the restored karst paleography between the bottom boundary of the target layer and the adjacent deposition discontinuities, between the adjacent deposition discontinuities, and between the top boundary of the target layer and the adjacent deposition discontinuities correspond to the karst paleography at the pre-stage, the mid-stage, and the final stage of weathering, respectively;
the step 5) specifically comprises the following steps: determining the development areas of the weathering crust karst reservoir at different stages according to the principle that the high-potential area of the ancient landform is the favorable development area of the weathering crust karst reservoir, and fusing the development areas of the weathering crust karst reservoir at different stages on the basis of the determination, thereby comprehensively predicting the distribution of the development areas of the weathering crust karst reservoir at the target layer.
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| 汤济广 等: "古地貌与不整合动态结合预测风化壳岩溶储集层分布-以四川盆地乐山—龙女寺古隆起灯影组为例", 《石油勘探与开发》, vol. 40, no. 6, pages 674 - 681 * |
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