CN114199510B - Integrated propping agent flat plate conveying experimental device and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Integrated propping agent flat plate conveying experimental device and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 54
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl methacrylate Chemical group COC(=O)C(C)=C VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
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- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 claims description 5
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- OZAIFHULBGXAKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-cyanopropan-2-yldiazenyl)-2-methylpropanenitrile Chemical compound N#CC(C)(C)N=NC(C)(C)C#N OZAIFHULBGXAKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920005372 Plexiglas® Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 4
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- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- OMPJBNCRMGITSC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzoylperoxide Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(=O)OOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 OMPJBNCRMGITSC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000019400 benzoyl peroxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
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- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
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- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
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- 206010017076 Fracture Diseases 0.000 description 39
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- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M10/00—Hydrodynamic testing; Arrangements in or on ship-testing tanks or water tunnels
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- Casting Or Compression Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses an integrated propping agent flat plate conveying experimental device and a preparation method thereof. The artificial crack unit is composed of an organic glass plate, wherein the organic glass plate is of an integrated structure, has uneven surface and is in a continuous, integral and multi-branch space shape. The device fully considers factors such as the number and the angle of secondary artificial cracks, the roughness of the crack wall surface, the variation of the crack width, the fluid loss of fracturing fluid and the like, and more truly simulates the form of underground complex cracks. The invention also discloses a preparation method of the integrated propping agent flat plate conveying experimental device, the processing process of the method is simple, the integrated design avoids the installation and the disassembly among a plurality of crack flat plates, and the experimental operation is more convenient and faster.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of hydraulic fracturing in petroleum exploitation, and particularly relates to an integrated propping agent flat plate conveying experimental device and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Hydraulic fracturing is a low-pore low-permeability and very important yield-increasing transformation means for oil and gas resources. The effective laying of propping agent in hydraulic fracture is one of the key factors for determining the flow conductivity of complex fracture and the yield increasing effect of fracturing transformation. Therefore, science reveals that the sedimentation rule and the laying condition of proppants in complex cracks play an important role in the success of hydraulic fracturing.
At present, an indoor experiment for researching the transportation and laying rules of the fracturing propping agent in the seam is mainly realized through a propping agent flat plate conveying device. In order to more accurately simulate the characteristics of a complex crack in the field, and analyze the migration rule of proppants in the complex crack, numerous scientific researchers improve the complex crack on the basis of an organic glass plate visual flat-panel device, comprising: simulating a multi-angle stitch net flat plate (China patent application CN204730997U, a device for simulating a multi-angle stitch net propping agent sedimentation rule), considering fracturing fluid loss (China patent application CN110987636B, a flat plate for simulating the influence of natural fracture loss on propping agent laying and an experimental device), introducing wall roughness by using a rock plate (China patent application CN210460632U, a sand laying device for considering fracturing fluid loss and wall roughness) and the like. However, the existing devices are mainly improved with respect to any of the above aspects, and cannot cover all the above factors. And once the factors are increased, the problem of complex mounting and dismounting of the flat plate is also caused. The invention starts from the preparation method of the organic glass, comprehensively considers factors such as branch joints, variable joint widths, rough wall surfaces, fracturing fluid loss and the like, prepares the integrated propping agent flat plate conveying experimental device, and lays an experimental foundation for more accurately researching the laying rule of propping agent in the cracks.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems, the invention aims to provide an integrated propping agent flat plate conveying experimental device and a preparation method thereof. The plate device prepared by the method has an integrated structure, the spatial distribution and the surface roughness of the plate device are more close to the real form of an underground crack, the plate transportation experiment of the propping agent after fracturing various lithology strata can be realized, and a more accurate experimental platform is provided for the design of fracturing construction parameters and the optimization of the propping agent.
The aim of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
an integrated propping agent flat plate conveying experimental device comprises a master fracture unit, a plurality of secondary manual fracture units and a fracture fluid loss unit; the main artificial crack and the secondary artificial crack unit are formed by organic glass flat plates, and the organic glass flat plates are of an integrated structure and are in continuous, integral and multi-branch space forms; the crack fluid loss unit consists of fluid loss holes uniformly distributed on the organic glass plate.
And a liquid inlet is arranged above the crack initiation end of the master crack unit, and a liquid outlet is arranged at the tail end of the crack.
The slit width between the master slit units is reduced along the direction of the liquid outlet.
The seam width between the secondary artificial crack elements decreases with the direction away from the primary artificial crack elements.
The surface in the organic glass plate presents roughness with unevenness.
And the diameter of a fluid loss hole in the fracture fluid loss unit is 1-3mm.
The filtration holes are also provided with two layers of stainless steel filter screens which are arranged in a staggered way.
The mesh diameter of the filter screen is 0.1-0.8mm.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the integrated propping agent flat plate conveying experimental device, which comprises the following steps:
s1: designing and preparing a die required by the integrated propping agent flat plate conveying experimental device according to the crack morphology simulated by the fracturing software;
s2: adding methyl methacrylate monomer and initiator accounting for 0.1-0.5% of the monomer mass into a flask, magnetically stirring to dissolve the methyl methacrylate monomer and the initiator, heating the system to 80-90 ℃, observing that the viscosity of the system is increased to be colloidal, stopping heating, and rapidly cooling to room temperature to obtain a prepolymer;
s3: uniformly and slowly pouring half volume of the prepolymer prepared in the step S2 into a mold, and polymerizing the prepolymer in the mold at 50-60 ℃ until the material in the mold is in a softer solid colloid; uniformly and slowly pouring the rest half volume of the prepolymer into a mould, and continuously polymerizing the prepolymer in the mould at 50-60 ℃ until the materials in the mould are in a harder solid colloid;
s4: and (3) placing the mould at a high temperature of between 90 and 110 ℃ for polymerization, and cooling and demoulding to obtain the integrated propping agent flat plate conveying experimental device.
The two moulds in the step S1 are provided, one is a main mould designed according to the crack morphology simulated by the fracturing software, and the other is a mould side cover for sealing the main mould. The side cover of the die can seal the main die through sealant, and the sealant is epoxy resin.
Preferably, the initiator in the step S2 is one or two of dibenzoyl peroxide and azobisisobutyronitrile.
Preferably, the first polymerization time in step S3 is 3 to 4 hours.
Preferably, the second polymerization time in step S3 is 4 to 5 hours.
The invention also provides an experimental method for the integrated proppant flat plate conveying experiment, which comprises the following steps:
t1: according to a similar principle, based on-site hydraulic fracturing construction design data, calculating the proppant consumption, fracturing fluid volume, fracturing fluid displacement and the like required by an experiment;
t2: preparing fracturing fluid and preparing various propping agents according to the materials required by the experiment calculated in the step T1;
t3: selecting the propping agent in the step T2, mixing and stirring with the fracturing fluid, and pumping the sand-carrying fracturing fluid into a fluid inlet of an experimental device;
t4: tracking migration tracks of propping agents in a main artificial fracture unit and a secondary artificial fracture unit, collecting liquid lost by fracturing fluid, and calculating vertical sedimentation speed and horizontal movement speed of propping agents; observing the ratio of the propping agent in the main artificial fracture unit to the secondary artificial fracture unit, and recording the form of the sand dike formed by the main artificial fracture unit and the secondary artificial fracture unit.
T5: repeatedly cleaning the flat plate device with clear water; and replacing other propping agents or fracturing fluid, and repeating the steps T3-T4.
The invention adopts the technical scheme and has the following advantages:
1. the integrated propping agent flat plate conveying device consists of organic glass, wherein both sides of the device are provided with rugged surfaces, and the influence of different roughness walls on the propping agent laying rules can be simulated through the rugged fluctuation degree.
2. The integrated propping agent flat plate conveying device comprises a master fracture unit and a plurality of secondary artificial fracture units, the number and the angles of the secondary artificial fractures can be changed, and propping agent laying experiments under complex network fracture conditions are realized.
3. The integrated propping agent flat plate conveying device disclosed by the invention has the advantages that the seam widths of the main artificial crack unit and the secondary artificial crack unit can be changed according to the design of a die, so that the influence of the seam width changing condition on the propping agent laying rule is simulated
4. The integrated propping agent flat plate conveying device also considers the fluid loss of fracturing fluid.
5. The integrated propping agent flat plate conveying device can realize the functions of the advantages 1, 2, 3 and 4.
6. The structure of the propping agent flat plate conveying device is integrated, so that the installation and the disassembly among a plurality of flat plates are avoided, and the operation of propping agent conveying experiments is simpler and more convenient.
7. The preparation method of the integrated propping agent flat plate conveying device has the advantages of simple process and high preparation efficiency, and the preparation process of the organic glass flat plate can be controlled through temperature and time; the artificial fracture plate which is more close to the stratum fracture shape can be prepared through the space shape of the die.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an integrated proppant plate delivery experimental device according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a top view of a varying seam width of a master crack cell;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the invention simulating roughness of the interior surface of a plexiglass plate in the form of asperities;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a fluid loss screen simulating the effect of natural fracture fluid loss on proppant placement according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a flow chart of a method for preparing an integrated proppant plate delivery experimental set of the present invention.
The reference numerals in the figures are: 1-main fracture unit, 2-secondary fracture unit, 3-fracture fluid loss unit hole, 11-liquid inlet, 12-liquid outlet and 31-fluid loss hole.
Detailed Description
The principles and features of the present invention are described below with reference to the drawings, the examples are illustrated for the purpose of illustrating the invention and are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention.
Example 1:
in the conventional proppant flat plate conveying experiment, a plurality of factors such as fracturing fluid loss, fracture roughness, secondary fracture quantity, angles, variable fracture width and the like cannot be considered together, meanwhile, the conventional proppant flat plate supporting device needs to be assembled and disassembled, and in order to solve the problems, the invention and the embodiment of the invention provide an integrated proppant flat plate conveying experiment device which comprises a master fracture unit 1, two secondary artificial fractures 2 and a fracture filtration unit 3, as shown in fig. 1; the main artificial cracking unit and the secondary artificial cracking unit are composed of organic glass plates, and the organic glass plates are of an integrated structure and are in continuous, integral and multi-branch space forms;
the length of the organic glass flat plate of the master work crack unit is 1m, the height is 0.1m, the maximum thickness is 3cm, the top view of the slit width interval between the two transparent flat plates is shown in figure 3, the slit width is in a decreasing trend along the slit length of the master work crack unit, the slit width interval at the start end of the crack is 5mm, and the slit width interval at the tail end of the crack is 2mm.
The upper part of the starting end of the master fracture unit is provided with a liquid inlet 11, and the tail end of the master fracture unit is provided with a liquid outlet 12.
The organic glass flat plate of the secondary artificial crack unit has the length of 0.2m, the height of 0.1m and the maximum thickness of 1cm, the gap width spacing between the two transparent flat plates is in a decreasing trend along the length of the secondary artificial crack unit, the gap width spacing of the crack initiation end is 1mm, and the gap width spacing of the crack tail end is 0.5mm.
The surfaces of the organic glass flat plates in the main artificial cracking unit and the secondary artificial cracking unit are internally provided with roughness in an uneven shape, as shown in figure 3. The concave surface of the surface is recessed by 1.5mm at the lowest, and the convex surface is raised by 1.5mm at the highest.
10 fluid loss holes 31 are formed in the surface of the organic glass plate of the master fracture unit; and 4 fluid loss holes 31 are formed in the surface of the organic glass plate in the secondary artificial cracking unit, and the diameters of the fluid loss holes are 2mm. The fluid loss holes are also provided with two layers of stainless steel filter screens which are arranged in a staggered mode, as shown in figure 4. The mesh diameter of the filter screen is 0.18mm.
The angles of the secondary artificial crack unit relative to the primary artificial crack unit are 90 degrees and 45 degrees respectively.
Example 2:
the invention also provides a preparation method of the integrated propping agent flat plate conveying experimental device, which comprises the following steps:
(1) Designing and preparing a die required by plate manufacturing according to the crack morphology simulated by the fracturing software;
(2) 3L of methyl methacrylate monomer and 5g of initiator are prepared in a flask, the methyl methacrylate monomer and the initiator are dissolved by magnetic stirring, the temperature of the system is increased to 80 ℃ by an electric heating sleeve, after the viscosity of the system is observed to be increased to be gelatinous, heating is stopped, and the prepolymer is obtained after the system is rapidly cooled to room temperature.
(3) And uniformly and slowly pouring half of the volume of the prepolymer obtained in the last step into a mold, and continuously polymerizing the prepolymer in the mold at the temperature of 55 ℃ for 3-4 hours until the material in the mold is in a harder solid colloid. And uniformly and slowly pouring the rest half volume of the prepolymer into a mold, and continuously polymerizing the prepolymer in the mold at the temperature of 55 ℃ for 4-5 hours until the material in the mold is in a harder solid colloid.
(4) And (3) placing the mould at a high temperature of 100 ℃ for polymerization, and cooling and demoulding to obtain the integrated propping agent flat plate conveying experimental device.
The two moulds in the step (1) are provided, wherein one is a main mould designed according to the crack morphology simulated by the fracturing software, and the other is a mould side cover for sealing the main mould. The side cover of the die can seal the main die through sealant, and the sealant is epoxy resin.
The initiator in the step (1) is dibenzoyl peroxide.
Example 3:
when the integrated proppant flat plate conveying experimental device is used, experiments need to be carried out through the following steps:
(1) According to a similar principle, based on-site hydraulic fracturing construction design data, the proppant consumption required by calculation experiments is 80g, the fracturing fluid volume is 800ml, the fracturing fluid displacement is 30ml/min and the like;
(2) Preparing fracturing fluid and preparing various propping agents according to the materials required by the experiment calculated in the step (1);
(3) Mixing and stirring the quartz sand propping agent with the granularity of 40-70 meshes in the step (2) with the guar gum fracturing fluid, and pumping the sand-carrying fracturing fluid into a liquid inlet of an experimental device;
(4) Tracking the migration track of the propping agent in the main artificial fracture unit and the secondary artificial fracture unit, collecting the fluid lost by the guar fracturing fluid, and calculating the vertical sedimentation speed and the horizontal movement speed of the propping agent; observing the ratio of the propping agent in the main artificial fracture unit to the secondary artificial fracture unit, and recording the form of the sand dike formed by the main artificial fracture unit and the secondary artificial fracture unit.
(5) Repeatedly cleaning the flat plate device with clear water; and (5) replacing the quartz sand propping agent with 70-140 meshes, and repeating the steps (3) - (4).
(6) Repeatedly cleaning the flat plate device with clear water; changing 40-70 mesh ceramsite propping agent, and repeating the steps (3) - (4).
Example 4:
the experimental setup as in example 1, except that no fluid loss holes were placed in the plexiglass plate to simulate the formation without fracturing fluid loss, and thus analyze the effect of fracturing fluid loss on proppant placement.
Example 5:
the experimental setup as in example 1, except that the concave surface of the plexiglas surface was lowest recessed by 0.5mm and the convex surface was highest protruding by 0.5mm, was used to simulate the effect of artificial fracture roughness on proppant transport.
Example 6:
the experimental apparatus according to embodiment 1, which is different in that four secondary artificial cracks are connected to both sides of the primary crack unit, and the angles between the secondary artificial cracks and the primary crack unit are 90 degrees, so as to study the influence of the number of secondary artificial cracks on the placement of propping agents in the primary crack.
Example 7:
the experimental setup as in example 1, except that the slit width spacing of the master slit unit was constant, 5mm, and the slit width spacing of the secondary artificial slit unit was also constant, 1mm, to simulate the effect of proppant slit width variation on proppant placement.
While the invention has been described with reference to the preferred embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (9)
1. The preparation method of the integrated propping agent flat plate conveying experimental device is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1: designing and preparing a die required by the integrated propping agent flat plate conveying experimental device according to the crack morphology simulated by the fracturing software; the molds have two types, one is a main mold designed according to the crack morphology simulated by the fracturing software, and the other is a mold side cover for sealing the main mold;
s2: adding methyl methacrylate monomer and initiator accounting for 0.1-0.5% of the monomer mass into a flask, magnetically stirring to dissolve the methyl methacrylate monomer and the initiator, heating the system to 80-90 ℃, observing the viscosity of the system until the system is gelatinous, stopping heating, and rapidly cooling to room temperature to obtain a prepolymer;
s3: uniformly and slowly pouring half volume of the prepolymer prepared in the step S2 into a mold, and polymerizing the prepolymer in the mold at 50-60 ℃ until a system in the mold is in a softer solid colloid; uniformly and slowly pouring the rest half volume of the prepolymer into a mould, and continuously polymerizing the prepolymer in the mould at the temperature of 50-60 ℃ until the system in the mould is in a harder solid colloid;
s4: placing the mould at a high temperature of 90-110 ℃ for polymerization, cooling and demoulding to obtain an integrated propping agent flat plate conveying experimental device;
the integrated propping agent flat plate conveying experimental device comprises a master fracture unit, a plurality of secondary manual fracture units and a fracture fluid loss unit; the main artificial crack and the secondary artificial crack unit are formed by organic glass flat plates, and the organic glass flat plates are of an integrated structure and are in a continuous, integral and multi-branch space shape; the crack fluid loss unit consists of fluid loss holes uniformly distributed on the organic glass plate;
a liquid inlet is arranged above the crack initiation end of the master crack unit, and a liquid outlet is arranged at the tail end of the crack;
the surface in the plexiglass plate exhibits roughness that is uneven.
2. The method for preparing the integrated proppant flat-plate conveying experimental device according to claim 1, wherein the initiator is one or two of dibenzoyl peroxide and azobisisobutyronitrile.
3. The method for preparing the integrated proppant flat conveying experimental device according to claim 2, wherein the mold side cover can seal the main mold through sealant, and the sealant is epoxy resin.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the first polymerization time in step S3 is 3-4 hours.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the second polymerization time in step S3 is 4-5 hours.
6. The method for preparing the integrated proppant flat-plate conveying experimental device according to claim 1, wherein the slit width between the master slit units is reduced along the direction of the liquid outlet; the seam width between the secondary artificial crack elements decreases with the direction away from the primary artificial crack elements.
7. The method for preparing the integrated proppant flat-plate conveying experimental device according to claim 1, wherein the diameter of a fluid loss hole forming the fracture fluid loss unit is 1-3mm.
8. The method for preparing the integrated proppant flat-plate conveying experimental device according to claim 4, wherein the fluid loss holes are provided with two layers of stainless steel filter screens which are arranged in a staggered mode, and the mesh diameter of the filter screens is 0.1-0.8mm.
9. The method for preparing the integrated proppant flat-plate conveying experimental device according to claim 1, which is characterized by further comprising the experimental method for the integrated proppant flat-plate conveying experiment, comprising the following steps:
t1: according to a similar principle, based on-site hydraulic fracturing construction design data, calculating the proppant consumption, the fracturing fluid quantity and the fracturing fluid discharge capacity required by an experiment;
t2: preparing fracturing fluid and preparing various propping agents according to the materials required by the experiment calculated in the step T1;
t3: selecting the propping agent and fracturing fluid in the step T2, mixing and stirring, and pumping the sand-carrying fracturing fluid into a fluid inlet of an integrated propping agent flat-plate conveying experimental device;
t4: tracking migration tracks of propping agents in a main artificial fracture unit and a secondary artificial fracture unit, collecting liquid lost by fracturing fluid, and calculating vertical sedimentation speed and horizontal movement speed of propping agents; observing the ratio of the propping agent in the main artificial crack unit to the secondary artificial crack unit, and recording the form of the sand dike formed by the main artificial crack unit and the secondary artificial crack unit;
t5: repeatedly cleaning the flat plate device with clear water; and replacing other propping agents or fracturing fluid, and repeating the steps T3-T4.
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