CN108571314B - Visual supporting crack flow conductivity testing method - Google Patents
Visual supporting crack flow conductivity testing method Download PDFInfo
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- CN108571314B CN108571314B CN201810318526.2A CN201810318526A CN108571314B CN 108571314 B CN108571314 B CN 108571314B CN 201810318526 A CN201810318526 A CN 201810318526A CN 108571314 B CN108571314 B CN 108571314B
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- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 59
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000012417 linear regression Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000008186 active pharmaceutical agent Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 1
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
- E21B47/002—Survey of boreholes or wells by visual inspection
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/25—Methods for stimulating production
- E21B43/26—Methods for stimulating production by forming crevices or fractures
- E21B43/267—Methods for stimulating production by forming crevices or fractures reinforcing fractures by propping
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- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
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- Investigating Strength Of Materials By Application Of Mechanical Stress (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for testing the flow conductivity of a visual support fracture, and belongs to the technical field of hydraulic fracturing. Firstly testing the seam width and the closing pressure of the proppant under different sand laying concentrations, then obtaining a relational expression of the seam width, the sand laying concentration and the closing pressure by taking the seam width as a target function and adopting multivariate linear regression, then a visual proppant transport device is adopted to carry out a proppant conveying experiment, the total weight of the proppant in the experiment process is recorded, and calculating the total area of the spreading shape of the propping agent at the end of the experiment to obtain the visual experimental sand spreading concentration, then substituting the obtained visual experimental sanding concentration into the relational expression in the step two, obtaining the corresponding seam width according to the required closing pressure, and then adjusting the seam width of the visual proppant transport device to the corresponding seam width, and substituting the method for applying the closing pressure by adjusting the seam width after the closing pressure is equivalent to the seam width, so that the problem that a transparent flat plate of the visual proppant transport device cannot bear high pressure is solved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of hydraulic fracturing, and relates to a method for testing the flow conductivity of a visual support fracture.
Background
The development of low-permeability and compact oil and gas reservoirs is a hot point and a difficult point concerned at home and abroad, and the hydraulic fracturing is a key technology for the economic and effective development of the oil and gas reservoirs. The hydraulic fracturing is to pump high pressure fluid into stratum to crack and pump natural artificial high strength granular proppant with certain granularity into the fracture to prevent the fracture from closing and form one or several oil and gas flow channels with certain flow conductivity. Thus, one of the keys to ensuring the effectiveness of hydraulic fracturing is the effective placement of the proppant in the fracture.
However, the hydraulic fracture is formed by hydraulic fracturing, which is far from hundreds of meters or even thousands of meters underground, and the laying state of the proppant in the fracture cannot be directly observed. Therefore, a large number of students develop a visual proppant conveying simulation experiment indoors, namely two transparent glass flat plates are adopted to simulate a hydraulic fracture, and a proppant is pumped into the fracture of the transparent glass flat plates to observe the laying state of the proppant in the fracture. However, because the transparent glass plate has low bearing pressure, pressure cannot be applied to the transparent glass plate to simulate high closing pressure borne by underground hydraulic fractures, and therefore, a test for visually supporting the flow conductivity of the fractures cannot be carried out, so that the current research on the transparent glass plate only stays on the layer of qualitatively observing the laying state of the propping agent, and a key parameter for optimizing the hydraulic fracturing design, namely the flow conductivity, cannot be obtained. With the development of the technology, a visual proppant migration device capable of randomly adjusting the width of the fracture exists at present, but a patent application for testing the flow conductivity of the visual propped fracture does not exist at home and abroad.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide a method for testing the flow conductivity of a visual supporting crack, which can solve the problem that the flow conductivity of the supporting crack is difficult to calculate because a transparent glass plate cannot bear high pressure in the conventional visual supporting agent transfer device.
The purpose of the invention is realized as follows: a visual supporting fracture conductivity test method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
testing the seam width and closing pressure of a propping agent under different sand laying concentrations;
step two, taking the seam width as a target function, and obtaining a relational expression of the seam width, the sand laying concentration and the closing pressure by adopting multivariate linear regression;
thirdly, developing a proppant conveying experiment by using a visual proppant transport device, recording the total weight M of the proppant in the experiment process, and calculating the total area A of the spreading form of the proppant when the experiment is finished to obtain the spreading concentration M/A of the visual experiment;
step four, substituting the obtained visual experiment sanding concentration M/A into the relational expression in the step two, obtaining the corresponding seam width according to the required closing pressure, then adjusting the seam width of the visual proppant transport device to the corresponding seam width, and then performing reverse injection to obtain the pressure difference and the injection flow at two ends of the transparent flat plate;
and fifthly, calculating the pressure difference between the two ends of the obtained transparent flat plate and the injection flow by adopting a Darcy formula to obtain the permeability of the visual support crack, wherein the product of the permeability of the visual support crack and the corresponding crack width is the flow conductivity of the visual support crack under the required closing pressure.
Preferably, in the step one, an acid-etched fracture conductivity testing device is used for testing the fracture width and the closing pressure of the proppant under different sand laying concentrations.
Preferably, the proppant is paved in an API diversion chamber at different sand paving concentrations, and the seam width under different closing pressures is tested by adopting an API method to obtain the seam width and the closing pressure corresponding to the different sand paving concentrations.
Preferably, in the third step, when calculating the total area A of the proppant placement configuration, the sectional area A of the proppant placement configuration is calculated by camera recording and position calibration respectivelyiThen the sectional area A of each proppant laying formiThe sum gives the total area a of the proppant placement profile.
Preferably, in step five, the calculation formula for visualizing the permeability of the propped fracture is
Wherein k is the permeability of the visual supporting crack, Q is the injection flow, mu is the viscosity of the fluid, L is the length of the transparent flat plate of the visual proppant transport device, A is the total area of the laying shape of the proppant, and Delta P is the pressure difference between two ends of the transparent flat plate.
Due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the invention has the following beneficial effects: the invention discloses a visual supporting fracture conductivity testing method, which comprises the steps of firstly testing the seam width and the closing pressure of a propping agent under different sand laying concentrations, then taking the seam width as a target function, obtaining a relational expression of the seam width and the sand laying concentrations and the closing pressure by adopting multivariate linear regression, then carrying out a propping agent conveying experiment by adopting a visual propping agent migration device, recording the total weight M of the propping agent in the experiment process, calculating the total area A of the spreading form of the propping agent when the experiment is finished, obtaining the spreading concentration M/A of the visual experiment, then substituting the obtained spreading concentration M/A of the visual experiment into the relational expression in the step two, obtaining the corresponding seam width according to the required closing pressure, then adjusting the seam width of the visual propping agent migration device to the corresponding seam width, and adopting the method of adjusting the seam width to replace the method of applying the closing pressure after the closing pressure is equivalent to the seam width, the problem that a transparent flat plate of the visual proppant transporting device cannot bear high pressure is solved, direct calculation of the flow conductivity of the visual supporting cracks is further expanded, the defect that the flow conductivity of the visual proppant transporting device cannot be tested is effectively overcome, and the effect of the visual proppant transporting device in hydraulic fracturing optimization design is greatly improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic sectional area view of a proppant placement configuration of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic total area of a proppant placement configuration of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the flow of fluid during a proppant delivery experiment in step three of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the liquid flow direction during reverse injection in step four of the present invention.
Reference numerals
In the attached drawings, 1 is a transparent flat plate, and 2 is a propping agent.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Referring to fig. 1-2, one embodiment of a method for visualizing a conductivity test of a propped fracture comprises the following steps:
testing the seam width and closing pressure of a propping agent under different sand laying concentrations; testing the seam width and closing pressure of the proppant under different sand laying concentrations by adopting an acid-etched fracture conductivity testing device; proppant was applied at different sanding concentrations (from 5 kg/m)2To the limit of laying conductivity of 5kg/m2Increasing) are laid in an API diversion chamber, and seam widths under different closing pressures are tested by adopting an API method to obtain seam widths W and closing pressures Pc corresponding to different sand laying concentrations C.
Step two, taking the seam width W as an objective function, and obtaining a relational expression of the seam width W, the sand laying concentration C and the closing pressure Pc by adopting multivariate linear regression, namely
W＝f(C，Pc) (1)；
Thirdly, developing a proppant conveying experiment by using a visual proppant transport device, recording the total weight M of the proppant in the experiment process, and calculating the total area A of the spreading form of the proppant when the experiment is finished to obtain the spreading concentration M/A of the visual experiment; computingWhen the total area A of the proppant laying shape is obtained, different proppant laying shapes can be obtained through the injection condition difference, and the sectional areas A of the proppant laying shapes are respectively calculated through the recording and position calibration of a camera due to the fact that the laying shapes are irregulariThen the sectional area A of each proppant laying formiThe sum yields the total area A of the proppant placement profile, i.e.
A＝ΣAi (2)；
Step four, substituting the obtained sand laying concentration M/A of the visual experiment into the relational expression (1) in the step two, obtaining a corresponding seam width w according to the required closing pressure, then adjusting the seam width of the visual proppant transfer device to the corresponding seam width w, then injecting liquid reversely, and recording the pressure difference and the liquid injection flow at two ends of the transparent flat plate until the laying shape, the pressure and the flow are stable, so as to obtain the pressure difference delta P and the liquid injection flow Q at two ends (an inlet end and an outlet end) of the transparent flat plate;
step five, calculating the pressure difference delta P and the injection flow Q of the two ends of the obtained transparent flat plate by adopting a Darcy formula to obtain the permeability of the visual supporting crack, wherein the calculation formula of the permeability of the visual supporting crack is
Wherein k is the permeability of the visual supporting crack, Q is the injection flow, mu is the viscosity of the fluid, L is the length of the transparent flat plate of the visual proppant transport device, A is the total area of the laying shape of the proppant, and Delta P is the pressure difference between two ends of the transparent flat plate.
The product of the permeability of the visual supporting fracture and the corresponding fracture width w is the flow conductivity of the visual supporting fracture under the required closing pressure, namely
F＝kw (4)
And F is the flow conductivity of the visual support fracture.
Finally, it is noted that the above-mentioned preferred embodiments illustrate rather than limit the invention, and that, although the invention has been described in detail with reference to the above-mentioned preferred embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and detail may be made therein without departing from the scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (5)
1. A visual supporting fracture conductivity test method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
testing the seam width and closing pressure of a propping agent under different sand laying concentrations;
step two, taking the seam width as a target function, and obtaining a relational expression of the seam width, the sand laying concentration and the closing pressure by adopting multivariate linear regression;
thirdly, developing a proppant conveying experiment by using a visual proppant transport device, recording the total weight M of the proppant in the experiment process, and calculating the total area A of the spreading form of the proppant when the experiment is finished to obtain the spreading concentration M/A of the visual experiment;
step four, substituting the obtained visual experiment sanding concentration M/A into the relational expression in the step two, obtaining a corresponding seam width according to the required closing pressure, then adjusting the seam width of the visual proppant transport device to the corresponding seam width, and then performing reverse injection to obtain the pressure difference and the injection flow at two ends of the transparent flat plate;
and fifthly, calculating the pressure difference between the two ends of the obtained transparent flat plate and the injection flow by adopting a Darcy formula to obtain the permeability of the visual support crack, wherein the product of the permeability of the visual support crack and the corresponding crack width is the flow conductivity of the visual support crack under the required closing pressure.
2. The visual propped fracture conductivity test method of claim 1, wherein in step one, a fracture width and closing pressure of the proppant at different sand laying concentrations are tested by using an acid-etched fracture conductivity test device.
3. The visual propped fracture conductivity testing method of claim 2, wherein the proppant is laid in the API flow guide chamber at different sanding concentrations, and seam widths under different closure pressures are tested by adopting the API method to obtain seam widths and closure pressures corresponding to the different sanding concentrations.
4. The visual propped fracture conductivity test method of claim 1, wherein in step three, when the total area A of the proppant placement form is calculated, the sectional area A of the proppant placement form is calculated respectively through camera recording and position calibrationiThen the sectional area A of each proppant laying formiThe sum gives the total area a of the proppant placement profile.
5. The method for testing the conductivity of the visual propped fracture according to claim 1, wherein in the fifth step, the calculation formula of the permeability of the visual propped fracture is
Wherein k is the permeability of the visual supporting crack, Q is the injection flow, mu is the viscosity of the fluid, L is the length of the transparent flat plate of the visual proppant transport device, A is the total area of the laying shape of the proppant, and Delta P is the pressure difference between two ends of the transparent flat plate.
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Families Citing this family (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN110821466B (en) * | 2019-10-09 | 2022-01-04 | 大港油田集团有限责任公司 | Visual fracturing technology research experimental apparatus with variable seam width |
| CN110905497B (en) * | 2019-12-11 | 2022-10-28 | 东北石油大学 | Shale reticular fracture long-term conductivity measuring device |
| CN111795915B (en) * | 2020-06-29 | 2022-03-22 | 中国石油大学(北京) | Method, device and equipment for determining proppant parameters in rough hydraulic fracture |
| CN113218770B (en) * | 2021-03-12 | 2022-07-01 | 西南石油大学 | Multi-lithologic fracturing crack test method |
| CN116059938B (en) * | 2023-01-21 | 2024-01-09 | 江苏联友科研仪器有限公司 | Proppant water conservancy diversion and acid etching water conservancy diversion integral type simulation cauldron structure |
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