CN110821466B - Visual fracturing technology research experimental apparatus with variable seam width - Google Patents
Visual fracturing technology research experimental apparatus with variable seam width Download PDFInfo
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- CN110821466B CN110821466B CN201910954410.2A CN201910954410A CN110821466B CN 110821466 B CN110821466 B CN 110821466B CN 201910954410 A CN201910954410 A CN 201910954410A CN 110821466 B CN110821466 B CN 110821466B
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/25—Methods for stimulating production
- E21B43/26—Methods for stimulating production by forming crevices or fractures
- E21B43/267—Methods for stimulating production by forming crevices or fractures reinforcing fractures by propping
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
Abstract
The invention discloses a visual fracturing process research experimental device with variable seam width, which comprises: the visual flow simulation unit (100) is used for simulating the flow distribution process and the solidification process of the self-supporting fracturing fluid in a perforation zone and a formation fracture space; the visual clamping temperature control unit (200) is connected with the visual flow simulation unit and is used for heating the self-supporting fracturing fluid and the channel fracturing fluid in the visual flow simulation unit to form a self-supporting solid phase; a liquid supply and pressure control unit (300) connected with the visual flow simulation unit and used for providing self-supporting fracturing liquid and channel fracturing liquid for the visual flow simulation unit); and the image acquisition unit (400) is used for shooting the flow distribution process and the solidification process of the acquired self-supporting fracturing fluid in the visual flow simulation unit in real time. The invention can simulate the distribution form of the self-supporting solid phase formed after the flowing and phase change of the self-supporting fracturing fluid system in the stratum fracture at high temperature.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of oil exploitation, in particular to the field of oil and gas production yield increasing measures and technologies, and particularly relates to a visual fracturing technology research experimental device with variable seam width.
Background
At present, in the field of oil exploitation, the technical problems that the migration distance of slickwater carrying quartz sand is limited, the grain size of added sand is extremely small, and continuous operation cannot be generally performed exist in the conventional volume fracturing technology. A new hydraulic fracturing process is currently developed: liquid self-supporting fracturing techniques.
For the liquid self-supporting fracturing technology, the technical principle is as follows: the method comprises the following steps of pressing a stratum (or simultaneously matching with a conventional fracturing fluid and the like) by using an immiscible self-supporting fracturing fluid (which does not contain a solid phase at normal temperature, is a liquid with good flowing capability, has unique heat sensitivity, and generates a self-supporting solid phase when being heated to a certain temperature) and a channel fracturing fluid (which is a liquid which does not contain a solid phase and has good flowing capability at normal temperature, is a liquid which does not contain a solid phase and has good flowing capability, and has the functions of reducing filtration loss of the self-supporting fracturing fluid and controlling the distribution of the self-supporting fracturing fluid in the fracture so as to ensure that the self-supporting fracture with high flow conductivity is formed); meanwhile, the distribution of the formed self-supporting solid phase in the fracture is controlled by controlling the liquid property and the construction parameters of the channel fracturing fluid, so that the self-supporting fracture with high flow conductivity is formed, and the aim of improving the productivity of the oil-gas well is fulfilled. When the technology is matched with a volume fracturing technology for use, the effective transformation volume after volume fracturing can be effectively improved, the self-supporting solid phase can form large-particle-size supporting particles matched with the size of the fracture at the deepest part of the fracture, and the yield of the pressurized oil-gas well is greatly improved.
According to the principle of the self-supporting fracturing technology, in the process of forming a self-supporting solid phase with a certain shape and size by self-supporting fracturing, the self-supporting solid phase with different shapes and sizes can be formed due to the complex influence of parameters such as the formula of the self-supporting fracturing fluid and the channel fracturing fluid (which are combined to be called as a self-supporting fracturing fluid system), the proportion of two-phase fluid, the construction injection displacement and the like. And the self-supporting solid phases with different shapes and sizes have great difference in the flow conductivity of the formed self-supporting cracks.
Therefore, in order to ensure the construction effect of the self-supporting fracturing technology, research is carried out on the flowing and self-supporting solid phase distribution rules of the self-supporting fracturing fluid, and a corresponding experimental device is researched and developed, so that the self-supporting fracturing fluid has the necessity.
At present, the flow process of the self-supporting fracturing fluid system is divided into the following steps:
1. the self-supporting fracturing fluid and the channel fracturing fluid flow to a sand mixer from different ground fluid tanks through a ground flow pipeline (the flow pipeline is a low-pressure 3-inch or so thick pipeline on the ground);
2. after entering the sand mixing truck, the mixed sand flows out from a liquid suction pump (the rotating speed can reach 1450 revolutions per minute) at the outlet of the sand mixing truck after being sheared at high speed;
3. the oil is converged to a wellhead through a fracturing pry pipe after passing through a fracturing truck;
4. the mixture is injected into a casing, an oil pipe or an oil pipe casing through a wellhead Christmas tree (according to specific construction design);
5. through the perforated zone and into the formation fracture.
According to the basic principle of hydraulic fracturing, in the process of injecting self-supporting fracturing fluid into a stratum fracture by a high-discharge high-pumping pressure pump after the fracture is pressed open, the opening width of the stratum fracture is positively correlated with the static pressure in the stratum. The static pressure of fluid in the fracture is determined by construction discharge capacity and fluid loss rate, the self-supporting fracturing fluid is gradually heated by the stratum to raise the temperature and generate phase change to form a self-supporting solid phase at the later stage of construction, and at the moment, the self-supporting solid phase is finally extruded and fixed to a specific position of the fracture due to the fact that the width of the fluid loss fracture of the fracturing fluid is continuously reduced. Therefore, in order to ensure that the experimental device can simulate the distribution situation after the self-supporting solid phase solidification, the crack width must be adjustable. Meanwhile, the whole device needs to have the capability of resisting 10MPa pressure at the temperature of 150 ℃, and liquid is not leaked.
However, at present, there is no experimental device which can solve the above technical problems.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a visual fracture process research experimental device with variable fracture width aiming at the technical defects in the prior art.
Therefore, the invention provides a visual fracture process research experimental device with variable seam width, which comprises a visual flow simulation unit, a visual clamping temperature control unit, a liquid supply pressure control unit and an image acquisition unit, wherein:
the visual flow simulation unit is used for simulating the flow distribution process and the solidification process of the self-supporting fracturing liquid in the perforation zone and the formation fracture space;
the visual clamping temperature control unit is connected with the visual flow simulation unit and used for heating the self-supporting fracturing fluid and the channel fracturing fluid in the visual flow simulation unit to form a self-supporting solid phase;
the liquid supply and pressure control unit is connected with the visual flow simulation unit and is used for providing self-supporting fracturing liquid and channel fracturing liquid for the visual flow simulation unit;
and the image acquisition unit is used for shooting and acquiring the flow distribution process and the curing process of the self-supporting fracturing fluid in the visual flow simulation unit in real time so as to obtain the flow distribution process and the curing process of the self-supporting fracturing fluid simulation in the formation fracture space.
Wherein, visual flow simulation unit, it can be called visual variable gap width simulation self-supporting fracturing fluid distribution flow flat plate and pressure survey unit, specifically includes:
a body frame distributed laterally;
the front surface of the main body frame is opened, and the middle part of the main body frame is provided with a middle cavity;
the middle cavity is used for placing horizontally and vertically distributed simulated moving crack sliding blocks;
toughened glass is covered and arranged on the opening on the front side of the main body frame;
the main body frame is fixedly connected with the front side of a back frame;
the left end and the right end of the top of the main body frame are respectively provided with a liquid injection hole and a flow-out hole;
an injection end inner cavity is arranged on the left side of the middle cavity and communicated with the injection hole;
an outflow end inner cavity is arranged at the right side of the middle cavity and communicated with the outflow hole;
a first simulated perforation zone slope surface is arranged between the left edge of the front end of the middle cavity and the right edge of the front end of the inner cavity of the injection end;
a first parallel fracture surface is arranged between the right edge of the front end of the middle cavity and the left edge of the front end of the inner cavity of the outflow end.
Wherein, the liquid injection hole is communicated with the liquid injection pipe;
the outflow hole is communicated with the liquid outflow pipe;
the outflow hole is communicated with a hollow waste liquid collecting container through a hollow liquid outflow pipe;
the liquid injection pipe and the liquid outflow pipe are respectively connected with one measuring end of the pressure transmitter;
the liquid injection pipe and the liquid outflow pipe are respectively provided with an inflow control switch and an outflow control switch.
The first simulated perforation belt slope surface is an inclined surface with the shape that the right side is close to the front side and the left side is close to the back side;
the first parallel crack surface is parallel to the front surface of the main body frame.
Wherein, the upper and lower sides of the toughened glass are respectively provided with a toughened glass fixing frame;
the toughened glass fixing frame is fixedly connected with the front side of the main body frame;
the toughened glass fixing frame is an L-shaped fixing frame.
Wherein, between toughened glass mount and main body frame's the front, concrete connection structure is: the upper side and the lower side of the front surface of the main body frame are respectively provided with a plurality of mounting holes which are distributed at intervals;
the toughened glass fixing frame is provided with a threaded hole at the position corresponding to the mounting hole;
the screws are vertically distributed and are respectively in threaded connection with the corresponding threaded holes and the corresponding mounting holes in the front and the back;
the front surface of the main body frame is arranged at the inner side of the mounting holes and is provided with a circle of square groove, and a front end surface square sealing ring is embedded in the groove;
the back of the main body frame is provided with a circle of square grooves, and the grooves are used for embedding the square sealing rings on the rear end face.
Wherein, the left end and the right end of the back surface of the back frame are respectively provided with a fixed adjustable knob frame which is longitudinally distributed;
the center position of each fixed adjustable knob frame and the back frame corresponding to the position are provided with adjustable knob connecting threaded holes which are longitudinally distributed;
the adjustable knob is connected with the threaded hole and is in threaded connection with the adjustable knobs which are longitudinally distributed;
the rear side of the back frame is provided with a fixed pin connecting threaded hole at the positions of the left side and the right side of the two fixed adjustable knob frames respectively;
the fixing pin is connected with the threaded hole and vertically penetrates through the back frame;
each fixing pin connecting threaded hole is in threaded connection with one fixing pin;
the periphery of the rear end of the simulated moving crack sliding block is provided with embedded grooves distributed in a surrounding manner;
an O-shaped sealing ring is embedded in the embedding groove;
the rear end of the sliding block for simulating the movement of the crack is contacted with the peripheral side wall of the middle cavity through an O-shaped sealing ring.
The visual clamping temperature control unit is a device for oil bath heating temperature control, and specifically comprises a hollow transparent visual oil bath groove;
the visual oil bath groove is pre-stored with oil bath oil;
a U-shaped heating pipe is arranged in the oil bath oil in the visual oil bath groove;
the main body frame and the toughened glass are positioned in the oil bath oil;
the top opening of the oil bath groove is visualized;
placing the visible oil bath groove into oil bath oil, and placing the visible oil bath groove into a stirring paddle of an oil bath stirrer;
a visual flat clamping and fixing support is arranged on the right side of the visual oil bath groove;
three mechanical claws are arranged on the visual flat clamping and fixing support and used for grabbing the visual flow simulation unit.
Wherein, the liquid injection hole is communicated with the liquid supply pressure control unit;
the liquid supply and pressure control unit is used for supplying self-supporting fracturing liquid and channel fracturing liquid to the interior of the main body frame through the liquid injection hole;
the liquid supply and pressure control unit specifically comprises two nitrogen cylinders;
the gas outlets of the two nitrogen gas bottles are respectively communicated with the top gas inlets of the self-supporting fracturing fluid containing intermediate container and the channel fracturing fluid containing intermediate container through a hollow connecting pipeline;
the self-supporting fracturing fluid containing intermediate container is communicated with one end of the self-supporting fracturing fluid injection pipeline;
the channel fracturing fluid holding intermediate container is communicated with one end of the channel fracturing fluid injection pipeline;
the self-supporting fracturing fluid injection pipeline and the other end of the channel fracturing fluid injection pipeline are communicated with the injection hole in the main body frame through the liquid injection pipe after confluence;
the self-supporting fracturing fluid injection pipeline and the channel fracturing fluid injection pipeline are respectively provided with a check valve;
a pressure reducing valve and a six-way valve are arranged on a connecting pipeline between the self-supporting fracturing fluid containing intermediate container and a gas outlet of the nitrogen cylinder;
a pressure reducing valve and a six-way valve are also arranged on a connecting pipeline between the channel fracturing fluid containing intermediate container and a gas outlet of the nitrogen cylinder;
each six-way valve is connected with a pressure gauge.
The image acquisition unit specifically comprises a camera;
the left side and the right side of the camera are respectively provided with at least one light supplement lamp.
Compared with the prior art, the visual fracturing process research experimental device with the variable seam width can simulate the distribution form of a self-supporting solid phase formed after flowing and phase changing of a self-supporting fracturing liquid system in a stratum fracture at high temperature, and has great production practice significance.
According to the invention, the flow phenomenon of the self-supporting fracturing fluid system in the simulated perforation zone and the fracture can be visually observed in the liquid flowing process, then the self-supporting fracturing fluid system can be rapidly solidified in the fracture space, and finally the self-supporting solid phase is fixed in the fracture in situ by changing the fracture width and simulating the compression process of fracture extrusion, so that the high-flow-guide self-supporting fracture with a certain distribution rule can be formed. According to the invention, the flow law research can be carried out by researching the flow phenomenon of the self-supporting fracturing fluid system with different fluid properties and different construction parameters, and the flow law can be obtained to guide the formula research and the construction parameter design.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic overall structure diagram of a visual fracture process research experimental device with variable fracture width provided by the invention;
fig. 2 is a front view of a visual flow simulation unit in a visual fracture process research experiment device with variable fracture width provided by the invention;
fig. 3a is a top view of a visual flow simulation unit in a visual fracture process research experiment device with variable gap width provided by the invention;
fig. 3b is a schematic overall three-dimensional structure diagram i of a visual flow simulation unit in the visual fracture process research experiment device with variable fracture width provided by the invention;
fig. 3c is a schematic overall three-dimensional structure diagram of a visual flow simulation unit in the visual fracture process research experiment apparatus with variable fracture width provided by the invention;
fig. 4 is a left side view of a visual fracture process research experimental device with variable fracture width provided by the invention;
fig. 5a is a front view of a main body frame in a visual fracturing process research experimental apparatus with variable gap width provided by the invention;
fig. 5b is a schematic perspective structure diagram of a main body frame in a visual fracture process research experimental apparatus with variable gap width provided by the invention;
FIG. 6 is a rear view of a main body frame in the visual fracture process research experimental apparatus with variable fracture width provided by the invention;
FIG. 7 is a rear view of a back frame of a visual fracture process research experimental apparatus with variable fracture width provided by the present invention;
fig. 8a is a top view of a simulated moving fracture sliding block in a visual fracture process research experimental apparatus with variable fracture width provided by the present invention;
fig. 8b is a schematic three-dimensional structure diagram of a simulated moving fracture sliding block in a visual fracture process research experimental apparatus with variable fracture width provided by the present invention;
fig. 9 is a front view of a front-end-face square seal ring in a visual fracture process research experimental apparatus with variable seam width provided by the invention;
fig. 10 is a front view of a rear end face square seal ring in a visual fracture process research experimental apparatus with variable seam width provided by the invention;
fig. 11 is a front view of an O-ring in a visual fracture process research experimental apparatus with variable gap width provided by the invention;
fig. 12 is a schematic structural diagram of a visual clamping temperature control unit in a visual fracture process research experimental apparatus with variable gap width provided by the present invention;
fig. 13 is a schematic structural diagram of a liquid supply and pressure control unit in a visual variable-gap-width fracturing process research experimental apparatus provided by the invention;
fig. 14 is a schematic structural diagram of an image acquisition unit in a visual fracture process research experimental apparatus with variable gap width provided by the invention;
fig. 15 is a picture taken by a camera of an image acquisition unit in the visual fracture technology research experiment apparatus with variable gap width, which reflects a flowing phenomenon of a self-supporting fracturing fluid system in the visual fracture technology research experiment apparatus with variable gap width, wherein a dark non-transparent block is self-supporting fracturing fluid;
fig. 16 is a picture taken by a camera of an image acquisition unit in the visual fracture technology research experiment apparatus with variable gap width, which reflects the distribution form of a self-supporting solid phase in the visual fracture technology research experiment apparatus with variable gap width, wherein the dark non-transparent block is the self-supporting solid phase.
In the figure: 1 is a main body frame, 2 is a liquid injection hole, 3 is a liquid outlet hole, 4 is a fixed adjustable knob frame, and 5 is an adjustable knob;
6 is a fixed pin, 7 is toughened glass, 8 is a back frame, 9 is a sliding block simulating moving cracks, and 10 is a square sealing ring on the front end face;
11 is a square sealing ring on the rear end face, 12 is an O-shaped sealing ring, 13 is an inner cavity of an injection end, 14 is an inner cavity of an outflow end, 151 is a slope surface of a first simulated perforation belt, and 152 is a slope surface of a second simulated perforation belt;
161 is a first parallel crack surface, 162 is a second parallel crack surface, and 17 is a toughened glass fixing frame.
18 is an oil bath stirrer, 19 is a heating pipe, 20 is a visual oil bath, 21 is oil bath oil, and 22 is a visual flat clamping and fixing support;
23 is a nitrogen gas cylinder, 24 is a pressure reducing valve,
25 is a six-way valve;
26 is a self-supporting fracturing fluid containing intermediate container, and 27 is a channel fracturing fluid containing intermediate container;
28 is a check valve;
29 is a light supplement lamp, 30 is a camera, and 31 is a waste liquid collecting container;
31 is an inflow and outflow control switch, and 32 is a pressure transmitter;
250 is a pressure gauge, 291 is a self-supporting fracturing fluid injection pipeline, and 292 is a channel fracturing fluid injection pipeline.
Detailed Description
In order that those skilled in the art will better understand the technical solution of the present invention, the following detailed description of the present invention is provided in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
Firstly, it should be noted that, in the self-supporting fracturing construction, the key point is to make the formed self-supporting fracture have a high flow conductivity, and the self-supporting fracturing fluid forms a stable and effective support, and the detailed parameters of the self-supporting solid phase, such as size, distribution form and the like, are mainly determined by the flow distribution form of the self-supporting fracturing fluid system and the subsequent phase change process of the self-supporting fracturing fluid in the simulated fracture, and the research and development of the device are necessary for optimizing the self-supporting fracturing fluid formula and the self-supporting fracturing process design parameters.
The self-supporting fracturing fluid enters a shaft from a ground fluid tank through a pipeline on the ground, and the sectional area of a blast hole is the smallest in the process that the self-supporting fracturing fluid enters a fracture through the blast hole at the bottom of a well. The flow velocity of the fluid under the same displacement is inversely proportional to the flow cross-sectional area according to the judgment of a calculation formula of the flow velocity of the fluid. Therefore, the distribution rule of the self-supporting fracturing fluid system is greatly influenced by the blastholes and the perforation zones. Through system research, at present, visual physical simulation experiment devices for the distribution rule of the self-supporting fracturing fluid and the self-supporting solid phase change distribution can be directly carried out in a few ways, and especially, an experiment device for simulating the influence of shot holes on the flow distribution rule of the self-supporting fracturing fluid is absent. Meanwhile, the fracturing technology needs to pump and inject a large amount of fracturing fluid under the high-discharge and high-pumping pressure, so that when self-supporting fracturing fluid system injection simulation is carried out with high pumping pressure and high discharge, the internal liquid pressure of the self-supporting fracturing fluid system injection simulation system greatly rises, and an experimental device with good pressure resistance for visually simulating the flow distribution rule of the self-supporting fracturing fluid is researched and developed, and the experimental device has important significance. Therefore, the present patent has made the following invention.
Referring to fig. 1 to 16, the visual fracture process research experiment apparatus with variable gap width provided by the present invention includes a visual flow simulation unit 100, a visual clamping temperature control unit 200, a liquid supply pressure control unit 300, and an image acquisition unit 400, wherein:
the visual flow simulation unit 100 is provided with a flow space capable of simulating the flow distribution rule of the self-supporting fracturing liquid system in the perforation zone and the stratum fracture space, and is used for simulating the flow distribution process and the solidification process of the self-supporting fracturing liquid in the perforation zone and the stratum fracture space;
the visual clamping temperature control unit 200 is connected with the visual flow simulation unit 100 and used for heating the self-supporting fracturing fluid and the channel fracturing fluid in the visual flow simulation unit 100 to form a self-supporting solid phase;
a liquid supply and pressure control unit 300 connected with the visual flow simulation unit 100 and used for supplying self-supporting fracturing liquid and channel fracturing liquid to the visual flow simulation unit 100;
the image acquisition unit 400 is used for shooting the flow distribution process (including dynamic flow and static distribution) and the curing process of the acquired self-supporting fracturing fluid in the visual flow simulation unit 100 in real time, and further obtaining the flow distribution process and the curing process of the self-supporting fracturing fluid simulation in a perforation zone and a stratum fracture space.
In the present invention, in a specific implementation, the visual flow simulation unit 100, which may be referred to as a visual variable gap width simulation self-supporting fracturing fluid distribution flow flat plate and pressure measurement unit, specifically includes:
a main body frame 1 distributed laterally;
the front surface of the main body frame 1 is open (i.e. the top surface is completely open), and the middle part of the main body frame is provided with a middle cavity 1000 (the middle cavity is open at the front end and the rear end, is provided with a through hole which is through from front to rear, and is only provided with a cavity wall in the peripheral direction);
the middle cavity 1000 is used for placing the simulation moving crack sliding blocks 9 which are transversely and vertically distributed;
the front opening of the main body frame 1 is covered with toughened glass 7 (the middle cavity 1000 is covered on the inner side of the toughened glass 7);
the main body frame 1 is fixedly connected with the front surface of a back frame 8.
The left end and the right end of the top of the main body frame 1 are respectively provided with a liquid injection hole 2 and a liquid outlet hole 3;
an injection end inner cavity 13 (spaced from the middle cavity 1000) is arranged on the left side of the middle cavity 1000, and the injection end inner cavity 13 is communicated with the injection hole 2;
it should be noted that the injection end inner cavity 13 is communicated with the injection hole 3, and can provide an inflow passage of the self-supporting fracturing fluid.
An outflow end inner cavity 14 is arranged at the right side of the middle cavity 1000, (and is mutually separated from the middle cavity 1000), and the outflow end inner cavity 14 is communicated with the outflow hole 3;
it should be noted that the outlet end inner cavity 14 is communicated with the outlet hole 3, and can provide a fluid outlet channel for the self-supporting fracturing fluid.
A first simulated perforation slope surface 151 is arranged between the left edge of the front end of the middle cavity 1000 and the right edge of the front end of the injection end inner cavity 13;
the middle chamber 1000 has a first parallel split surface 161 between the front right edge and the front left edge of the outflow lumen 14.
In particular, the liquid injection hole 2 is communicated with the liquid injection pipe 101;
and an outlet hole 3 communicating with the liquid outlet pipe 102.
In the present invention, the outlet 3 is connected to a hollow waste liquid collecting container 33 (for example, a hollow rectangular sealed container) through a hollow liquid outlet pipe 102.
In the present invention, the liquid inlet pipe 101 and the liquid outlet pipe 102 are respectively connected to a measuring end of the pressure transmitter 32.
In a specific implementation, an inflow and outflow control switch 31 (e.g., a ball valve or a solenoid valve) is further installed on the liquid inlet pipe 101 and the liquid outlet pipe 102, respectively.
It should be noted that, the two measuring ends of the pressure transmitter 32 are respectively connected to the liquid inflow end and the liquid outflow end of the visual flow simulation unit 100, and the experimental data of the pressure transmitter can be transmitted to an external computer and recorded by software. The pressure data changes across the visual flow simulation unit 100 are recorded at all times. The inflow and outflow control switches 31 control the inflow and outflow of the self-supporting fracturing fluid and the channel fracturing fluid as shown in fig. 2.
In the present invention, the first simulated perforation zone slope 151 is a steel surface, which is an inclined plane with a shape of right side close to front and left side close to back, and is used for simulating the flowing form of the self-supporting fracturing fluid system in the conical perforation zone.
In the present invention, the first parallel slit surface 161 is a steel surface, which is parallel to the front surface (i.e., the front end surface) of the main body frame 1.
In the invention, in the concrete implementation, the upper side and the lower side of the toughened glass 7 are respectively provided with a toughened glass fixing frame 17;
and the toughened glass fixing frame 17 is fixedly connected with the front surface of the main body frame 1.
In particular, the tempered glass fixing frame 17 is an L-shaped fixing frame.
In the concrete realization, between toughened glass mount 17 and main body frame 1's the front, concrete connection structure is: the upper side and the lower side of the front surface of the main body frame 1 are respectively provided with a plurality of mounting holes 1001 which are distributed at intervals;
the toughened glass fixing frame 17 is provided with a threaded hole at a position corresponding to the mounting hole 1001;
and the screws which are vertically distributed are respectively in threaded connection with the corresponding threaded holes and the corresponding mounting holes in the front and the back.
In a specific implementation, a front surface (i.e., a front end surface) of the main body frame 1 is provided with a circle of square grooves inside the plurality of mounting holes 1001, and the front end surface square sealing rings 10 are embedded in the grooves.
In the invention, in a concrete implementation, the main body frame 1 and the back frame 8 are fixedly connected through six bolts.
In the concrete implementation, the back of the main body frame 1 is provided with a circle of square groove, and the groove is used for embedding the rear end face square sealing ring 11.
In the invention, in concrete implementation, the left end and the right end of the back surface of the back frame 8 are respectively provided with a fixed adjustable knob frame 4 which is longitudinally distributed;
the center position of each fixed adjustable knob frame 4 and the back frame 8 corresponding to the position are provided with an adjustable knob connecting threaded hole which is longitudinally distributed (the adjustable knob connecting threaded hole longitudinally penetrates through the back frame 8 and the fixed adjustable knob frame 4 from front to back);
the adjustable knob is connected with the threaded hole and is in threaded connection with the adjustable knobs 5 which are longitudinally distributed (the outer wall of the front part of each adjustable knob 5 is provided with an external thread).
That is, the middle of the fixed adjustable knob frame 4 is provided with an adjustable knob 5 matching with the rotating screw thread, the adjustable knob can rotate at the rear side of the back frame 8, and the length of the front end part of the adjustable knob extending into the middle cavity 1000 in front of the back frame 8 is adjusted.
In particular, the rear side of the back frame 8 is respectively provided with a fixed pin connecting threaded hole at the left side and the right side of the two fixed adjustable knob frames 4;
the fixing pin connecting threaded hole vertically penetrates through the back frame 8;
each fixing pin connecting threaded hole is threadedly connected with one fixing pin 6.
Therefore, the fixing pin 6 can be rotated on the rear side of the back frame 8, and the length of the front end portion thereof extending into the intermediate chamber 1000 located in front of the back frame 8 can be adjusted.
In the invention, in the concrete implementation, the periphery of the rear end of the simulation moving crack sliding block 9 is provided with embedded grooves distributed in a surrounding way;
an O-shaped sealing ring 12 is embedded in the embedding groove;
the rear end of the simulation moving crack sliding block 9 is contacted with the peripheral side wall of the middle cavity 1000 through an O-shaped sealing ring 12.
Therefore, the analog movement crack slider 9 is fixed on the middle cavity 1000 of the main body frame 1 through the O-ring 12, the rear side surface of the analog movement crack slider 9 is vertically contacted with the front end part of the adjustable knob 5 and the front end part of the fixed pin 6 which extend into the middle cavity 1000, wherein, by rotating the two adjustable knobs 5, the analog movement crack slider 9 can move back and forth in the middle cavity 1000 along the longitudinal direction, and the fixed pin 6 can ensure the stability (i.e. horizontal longitudinal support) of the analog movement crack slider 9 in the middle cavity 1000.
It should be noted that, with the present invention, the width of the simulated fracture in the longitudinal direction can be adjusted by simulating the back and forth movement of the movable fracture sliding block 9 in the middle cavity 1000 along the longitudinal direction, so that the influence of different fracture widths on the flow distribution of the self-supporting fracturing fluid can be simulated.
It should be noted that the blasthole refers to: the perforating bullet is detonated at a corresponding depth of the shaft and enters the stratum, so that the shaft is communicated with a stratum fracture, a channel for oil gas to flow from the stratum to the shaft is formed, the shape of the channel is cylindrical, the diameter of the channel is within the range of 1-10 CM, and the length of the channel is 1-several meters.
According to the invention, the corresponding parts of the experimental device are reduced in equal proportion according to the sizes of the actual shaft and the actual crack. To simulate the shear behavior of an actual borehole, the borehole is sized to coincide with a borehole in the actual formation, since the cross-sectional flow area at the simulated borehole is much smaller than the wellbore and fracture.
In the present invention, the perforated band is a flow channel formed in the formation after perforations are ejected through the wellbore wall and through the formation. The perforation belt in the patent is processed into a corresponding shape according to the shape and the angle of the perforation belt so as to simulate the flowing process of self-supporting fracturing fluid in the perforation belt.
It should be noted that hydraulic fracturing, fracturing for short, refers to a process of fracturing a rock under high pressure by injecting a fracturing fluid and generating a fracture, the length of the generated fracture ranges from tens of meters to hundreds of meters, the height ranges from tens of meters to tens of meters, and the width is within twenty millimeters,
in the device of this patent, utilize the toughened glass who processes to realize end face seal through the sealing washer, inside forms a parallel crack passageway, and then realizes simulating the shearing action of crack to liquid flow.
In a specific implementation, referring to fig. 8, the left side of the front end of the simulated moving fracture sliding block 9 is provided with a second simulated perforation belt slope surface 152 connected with the right end of the first simulated perforation belt slope surface 151;
the right side of the front end of the simulated moving crack sliding block 9 is provided with a second parallel crack surface 162 which is connected with the right end of the first parallel crack surface 161.
It should be noted that the second simulated perforation belt slope 152 is also a steel surface, which is a slope with the right side in front and the left side in back, and is used to simulate the flow pattern of the self-supporting fracturing fluid system in the conical perforation belt. The second parallel slit surface 162 is also a steel surface which is parallel to the front surface (i.e., the front end surface) of the main body frame 1.
In the invention, the toughened glass 7 is made of high-strength toughened fireproof glass, does not deform or crack at the temperature of 180 ℃ and resists the fluid pressure of 10MPa inside.
In the present invention, the upper end face square seal ring 10, the lower end face square seal ring 11, and the O-ring 12 are made of organic acid-resistant and strong acid-resistant materials such as fluorine-containing or polytetrafluoroethylene rubber.
In the invention, the main body frame 1, the fixed adjustable knob frame 4, the adjustable knob 5, the fixed pin 6, the back frame 8 and the simulated moving crack sliding block 9 are all made of carburizing steel, are strengthened by quenching for 3 times after processing, and are subjected to phosphating treatment on the surface, thus having excellent performances of water resistance, organic solvent resistance, strong acid resistance and strong alkali resistance.
Based on the technical scheme, the basic components are combined together to form a flowing space which can resist 10MPa of liquid pressure and has a flowing distribution rule of a self-supporting fracturing liquid system in a simulated perforation zone and a parallel fracture space, and the flowing space is provided with a heating temperature control system (namely a visual clamping temperature control unit 200) which can provide a heating condition for simulating a stratum so that self-supporting fracturing liquids in different distributions generate phase change to form a self-supporting solid phase.
In the present invention, in a specific implementation, the visual clamping temperature control unit 200 is a device for oil bath heating temperature control, and specifically includes a hollow transparent visual oil bath 20;
the visual oil bath 20 is pre-stored with oil bath oil 21;
a U-shaped heating pipe 19 (specifically, a common electric heating pipe) is installed in the oil bath oil 21 in the visible oil bath 20;
the main body frame 1 and the toughened glass 7 are located in the oil bath 21, that is, the main body part of the visual flow simulation unit 100 is located in the oil bath 21, so that the visual clamping temperature control unit 200 can heat the self-supporting fracturing fluid and the channel fracturing fluid flowing into the visual flow simulation unit 100 to form a self-supporting solid phase.
In particular implementation, the top opening of the oil bath 20 is visualized;
the stirring paddle of the oil bath stirrer 18 is placed in the oil bath oil 21 in the visible oil bath 20.
In particular, a visual flat plate clamping and fixing support 22 is arranged on the right side of the visual oil bath groove 20;
three mechanical claws (steel claws) are mounted on the visual flat clamping and fixing support 22 and used for grabbing the visual flow simulation unit 100.
In the present invention, the visual clamping temperature control unit 200 is provided with the U-shaped high-power heating pipe 19, and can rapidly heat the bath oil 21 in the visual bath 20 to a predetermined temperature, and the heat generated by the heating pipe 19 can be uniformly transferred to the bath oil 21 (i.e., heating oil) in the visual bath 20 by the stirrer 18. Meanwhile, the temperature of the experiment temperature can be kept by the aid of an accurate digital display temperature control device.
In concrete implementation, the visual oil bath 20 is made of tempered fireproof glass, has the size of 2m, has the performance of resisting temperature of 200 ℃, has good light transmittance, and does not influence observation of phenomena of internal simulation blastholes, perforation zones and crack plates. Three large-sized steel claws are arranged on the visual flat clamping and fixing support 22, and can clamp the visual flow simulation unit 100 for simulating the formation fracture space to various angles such as horizontal and vertical angles, so that self-supporting fracturing process simulation in formation fractures with different angles is carried out (as shown in fig. 12).
In particular, the oil bath oil 21 (i.e. the heating oil) can be selected from dimethyl silicone oil, can resist the temperature of 250 ℃, is colorless and transparent, and is convenient for observing experimental phenomena.
In the invention, the injection hole 2 is respectively communicated with a container for storing the self-supporting fracturing fluid and a container for storing the channel fracturing fluid in advance through two hollow connecting pipelines. According to the needs of users, liquid pumps (water pumps) can be respectively arranged on the two connecting pipelines.
In the present invention, the liquid injection hole 2 may be communicated with the liquid supply pressure control unit 300;
and the liquid supply and pressure control unit is used for supplying self-supporting fracturing liquid and channel fracturing liquid to the interior of the main body frame 1 through the liquid injection hole 2.
In particular, the liquid supply and pressure control unit 300 specifically comprises two nitrogen gas cylinders 23;
the gas outlets of the two nitrogen gas cylinders 23 are respectively communicated with the top gas inlets of the self-supporting fracturing fluid containing intermediate container 26 and the channel fracturing fluid containing intermediate container 27 through a hollow connecting pipeline;
a self-supporting fracturing fluid holding intermediate container 26 communicated with one end of the self-supporting fracturing fluid injection pipe 291;
a channel fracturing fluid holding intermediate container 27 communicated with one end of the channel fracturing fluid injection pipe 292;
the self-supporting fracturing fluid injection pipe 291 and the other end of the channel fracturing fluid injection pipe 292 are communicated with the injection hole 2 of the main body frame 1 through the fluid injection pipe 101 after confluence.
In particular, the self-supporting fracturing fluid injection pipe 291 and the channel fracturing fluid injection pipe 292 are respectively provided with a check valve (i.e., a check valve) 28.
In particular, a pressure reducing valve 24 and a six-way valve 25 are arranged on a connecting pipeline between a self-supporting fracturing fluid containing intermediate container 26 and a gas outlet of a nitrogen gas cylinder 23;
a pressure reducing valve 24 and a six-way valve 25 are also arranged on a connecting pipeline between the channel fracturing fluid containing intermediate container 27 and the gas outlet of the nitrogen gas cylinder 23;
each six-way valve 25 is connected to a pressure gauge 250.
It should be noted that, with the present invention, the nitrogen gas cylinder 23 can stably provide a liquid injection pressure of up to 12MPa, and ensure that the self-supporting fracturing fluid holding intermediate container 26 and the channel fracturing fluid holding intermediate container 27 can provide a sufficient liquid injection pressure when outputting the self-supporting fracturing fluid and the channel fracturing fluid outwards.
In concrete implementation, a pressure reducing valve 24 is connected to the nitrogen gas cylinder 23, and the device can reduce the inlet pressure to a certain required outlet pressure and automatically keep the outlet pressure stable by means of the energy of the medium (as shown in fig. 13).
It should be noted that, for the present invention, the six-way valve 25 and the pressure gauge 250 may be combined together to form an integrated pressure control unit, which may be used to respectively read the respective injection pressures of the self-supporting fracturing fluid and the channel fracturing fluid, and the injection flow control of the self-supporting fracturing fluid and the channel fracturing fluid may be realized by the opening degrees of the switches after the pressure reducing valve 24 and the six-way valve 25. In particular, the switch on the six-way valve can be used for pressure relief after the experiment is finished (as shown in fig. 13).
In the present invention, in a specific implementation, the image capturing unit 400 specifically includes a camera 30;
at least one fill-in light 29 is provided on each of the left and right sides of the camera 30.
It should be noted that, for the present invention, the image capturing unit 400 may specifically include 2 non-strobe high-power fill lights 29 and a high-speed high-pixel camera 30 as the image capturing unit, and in the experiment, the dynamic flow and static distribution of the self-supporting fracturing fluid system inside the visualization flow simulation unit 100 (as shown in fig. 14) can be clearly photographed and recorded through the transparent visualization oil bath 20 and the transparent tempered glass 7.
For a more clear understanding of the present invention, the following description is made with respect to a specific assembly process of the present invention as follows:
1. the front end face square sealing ring 10 and the rear end face square sealing ring 11 are respectively installed in the inner grooves at the front end and the rear end of the main body frame 1. And plugging the O-shaped sealing ring 12 into a corresponding caulking groove at the rear end of the movable crack simulating sliding block 9.
2. The simulated moving crack sliding block 9 with the assembled O-shaped sealing ring is arranged in the middle inner cavity of the main body frame 1 in parallel with the front end surface and the rear end surface of the main body frame 1. The back frame 8 is mounted to the rear side of the main body frame 1 by screws.
3. Two fixed adjustable knob frames 4 are arranged on corresponding hole positions of a back frame 8, then the adjustable knobs 5 are screwed in through threads inside the fixed adjustable knob frames 4, the two adjustable knobs 5 are kept to rotate simultaneously, and therefore the simulated moving crack sliding blocks 9 contacted with the front end portions of the adjustable knobs 5 can move parallel to the front end face (namely the front face) of the main body frame 1. And screwing the fixing pin 6 into the corresponding hole position on the back frame 8, so that the fixing pin is simultaneously contacted with the back side surface of the simulation moving crack sliding block 9.
4. Mounting toughened glass 7 at a corresponding position through a toughened glass fixing frame 7;
5. finally, the liquid injection hole 2 and the liquid outflow hole 3 are connected with pipelines (namely an input pipeline and an output pipeline of a mixed liquid of the self-supporting fracturing liquid and the channel fracturing liquid, specifically a liquid injection pipe 101 and a liquid outflow pipe 102) with corresponding sizes, and the installation of the visual flow simulation unit 100 is completed.
6. Next, as shown in fig. 12 to 14, the visual clamping temperature control unit 200, the liquid supply pressure control unit 300, and the image acquisition unit 400 are continuously installed, and finally, the experimental apparatus of the present invention is assembled.
For a more clear understanding of the invention, reference is now made to the following specific examples:
the flow of the self-supporting fracturing fluid system in the experimental apparatus of the present invention is as follows:
first, a self-supporting fracturing fluid and a channel fracturing fluid are respectively placed in a self-supporting fracturing fluid-holding intermediate container 26 and a channel fracturing fluid-holding intermediate container 27, and at a self-supporting fracturing fluid injection pressure of 5MPa, a channel fracturing fluid injection pressure of 5MPa, and an oil bath temperature of 150 ℃, the distribution pattern of the self-supporting fracturing fluid and a self-supporting solid phase formed later is recorded by a high-speed camera 30 as shown in fig. 15 (a dark non-transparent block in the figure is a self-supporting fracturing fluid) and fig. 16 (a dark non-transparent block in the figure is a self-supporting solid phase).
Compared with the prior art, the visual fracturing process research experimental device with the variable seam width has the following beneficial technical effects:
1. the device can simulate the flowing phenomenon of self-supporting fracturing fluid systems with different densities, surface tensions and viscosities in cracks with different widths under different stratum temperatures, pressures and injection displacement, and further optimize the formula, construction parameters and process of the self-supporting fracturing fluid and the channel fracturing fluid;
2. according to different experimental parameters, the influence of a perforation zone on the distribution of the self-supporting fracturing fluid can be simulated by using a specially designed conical flowing space;
3. the process that the self-supporting fracturing liquid system is injected into the formation cracks to be gradually heated and phase-changed to form the self-supporting solid phase can be visually observed.
4. The width of the crack on the visual observation device is adjustable in the experimental process, the change of the width of the crack in the fracturing construction process can be simulated, and the distribution form of the self-supporting solid phase in the actual crack can be truly simulated.
5. The device can be injected with strong acid or strong alkaline fluid and corrosive organic solvent, and has wide application range. The flow phenomenon of the self-supporting fracturing fluid and different types of channel fracturing fluids can be simulated.
6. The visual observation device adopts end face sealing, the internal fluid pressure can reach 10MPa, the requirements of high injection pressure and large-displacement pumping are met, and the visual observation device is more close to site simulation construction conditions.
7. The device has the advantages of relatively simple processing of all components and strong operability.
8. The device of the invention is detachable and washable, convenient to assemble, simple to operate and strong in practicability.
9. The device of the invention is high temperature and high pressure resistant, and can simulate the condition of injecting deep high pressure stratum by a high pressure pump.
In summary, compared with the prior art, the visual fracture process research experimental device with the variable fracture width provided by the invention can simulate the distribution form of the self-supporting solid phase formed after the flowing and phase change of the self-supporting fracturing liquid system in the formation fracture at high temperature, and has great production practice significance.
According to the invention, the flow phenomenon of the self-supporting fracturing fluid system in the simulated perforation zone and the fracture can be visually observed in the liquid flowing process, then the self-supporting fracturing fluid system can be rapidly solidified in the fracture space, and finally the self-supporting solid phase is fixed in the fracture in situ by changing the fracture width and simulating the compression process of fracture extrusion, so that the high-flow-guide self-supporting fracture with a certain distribution rule can be formed. According to the invention, the flow law research can be carried out by researching the flow phenomenon of the self-supporting fracturing fluid system with different fluid properties and different construction parameters, and the flow law can be obtained to guide the formula research and the construction parameter design.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. The utility model provides a fracturing technology research experimental apparatus of visual variable seam width, includes visual flowing simulation unit (100), visual centre gripping accuse temperature unit (200), supplies liquid accuse pressure unit (300) and image acquisition unit (400), wherein:
the visual flow simulation unit (100) is used for simulating the flow distribution process and the solidification process of the self-supporting fracturing fluid in a perforation zone and a formation fracture space;
the visual clamping temperature control unit (200) is connected with the visual flow simulation unit (100) and is used for heating the self-supporting fracturing fluid and the channel fracturing fluid in the visual flow simulation unit (100) to form a self-supporting solid phase;
the liquid supply and pressure control unit (300) is connected with the visual flow simulation unit (100) and is used for supplying self-supporting fracturing liquid and channel fracturing liquid to the visual flow simulation unit (100);
the image acquisition unit (400) is used for shooting the flow distribution process and the curing process of the acquired self-supporting fracturing fluid in the visual flow simulation unit (100) in real time so as to obtain the flow distribution process and the curing process of the self-supporting fracturing fluid simulation in the formation fracture space;
visual flowing simulation unit (100) of visual variable seam width's fracturing technology research experimental apparatus specifically includes:
a body frame (1) distributed transversely;
the front surface of the main body frame (1) is opened, and the middle part of the main body frame is provided with a middle cavity (1000);
the middle cavity (1000) is used for placing the simulation moving crack sliding blocks (9) which are transversely and vertically distributed;
the front opening of the main body frame (1) is covered with toughened glass (7);
the main body frame (1) is fixedly connected with the front side of a back frame (8);
the left end and the right end of the top of the main body frame (1) are respectively provided with a liquid injection hole (2) and a liquid outlet hole (3);
an injection end inner cavity (13) is arranged on the left side of the middle cavity (1000), and the injection end inner cavity (13) is communicated with the injection hole (2);
an outflow end inner cavity (14) is arranged at the right side of the middle cavity (1000), and the outflow end inner cavity (14) is communicated with the outflow hole (3);
a first simulated perforation belt slope surface (151) is arranged between the left edge of the front end of the middle cavity (1000) and the right edge of the front end of the injection end cavity (13);
a first parallel crack surface (161) is arranged between the right edge of the front end of the middle cavity (1000) and the left edge of the front end of the outflow end inner cavity (14);
the left side of the front end of the simulated moving crack sliding block (9) is provided with a second simulated perforation belt slope surface (152) which is connected with the right end of the first simulated perforation belt slope surface (151);
the right side of the front end of the simulation moving crack sliding block (9) is provided with a second parallel crack surface (162) which is connected with the right end of the first parallel crack surface (161).
2. The visual fracturing process research experimental device with variable fracture width as claimed in claim 1, wherein the injection hole (2) is communicated with the liquid injection pipe (101);
an outlet hole (3) communicating with the liquid outlet pipe (102);
an outlet hole (3) communicating with a hollow waste liquid collecting container (33) through a hollow liquid outlet pipe (102);
the liquid injection pipe (101) and the liquid outflow pipe (102) are respectively connected with one measuring end of the pressure transmitter (32);
an inflow control switch (31) and an outflow control switch (31) are respectively arranged on the liquid injection pipe (101) and the liquid outflow pipe (102).
3. The experimental apparatus for researching the visual fracturing technology with variable fracture width as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the slope (151) of the first simulated perforation zone is a slope with the shape of the right side in front and the left side in back;
the first parallel slit surface (161) is parallel to the front surface of the main body frame (1).
4. The visual fracturing process research experimental device with variable seam width as claimed in claim 1, wherein the upper and lower sides of the toughened glass (7) are respectively provided with a toughened glass fixing frame (17);
the toughened glass fixing frame (17) is fixedly connected with the front surface of the main body frame (1);
the toughened glass fixing frame (17) is an L-shaped fixing frame.
5. The visual fracturing process research experimental device with variable seam width as claimed in claim 4, wherein the specific connection structure between the toughened glass fixing frame (17) and the front surface of the main body frame (1) is as follows: the upper side and the lower side of the front surface of the main body frame (1) are respectively provided with a plurality of mounting holes (1001) which are distributed at intervals;
the toughened glass fixing frame (17) is provided with a threaded hole at the position corresponding to the mounting hole (1001);
the screws are vertically distributed and are respectively in threaded connection with the corresponding threaded holes and the corresponding mounting holes in the front and the back;
the front surface of the main body frame (1) is arranged on the inner side of the mounting holes (1001) and is provided with a circle of square groove, and a front end surface square sealing ring (10) is embedded in the groove;
the back of the main body frame (1) is provided with a circle of square groove, and the groove is used for embedding the rear end face square sealing ring (11).
6. The visual fracturing process research experimental device with the variable seam width as claimed in claim 1, wherein the left end and the right end of the back surface of the back frame (8) are respectively provided with a fixed adjustable knob rack (4) which is longitudinally distributed;
the center position of each fixed adjustable knob frame (4) and the back frame (8) corresponding to the position are provided with adjustable knob connecting threaded holes which are longitudinally distributed;
the adjustable knob is connected with the threaded hole and is in threaded connection with the adjustable knobs (5) which are longitudinally distributed;
the rear side of the back frame (8) is respectively provided with a fixed pin connecting threaded hole at the positions of the left side and the right side of the two fixed adjustable knob frames (4);
the fixing pin connecting threaded hole vertically penetrates through the back frame (8);
each fixing pin connecting threaded hole is in threaded connection with one fixing pin (6);
the periphery of the rear end of the simulation moving crack sliding block (9) is provided with embedded grooves distributed in a surrounding way;
an O-shaped sealing ring (12) is embedded in the embedding groove;
the rear end of the simulated moving crack sliding block (9) is in contact with the peripheral side wall of the middle cavity (1000) through an O-shaped sealing ring (12).
7. The visual fracture process research experiment device with variable gap width as claimed in claim 1, wherein the visual clamping temperature control unit (200) is a device for oil bath heating temperature control, and specifically comprises a hollow transparent visual oil bath groove (20);
the visible oil bath groove (20) is internally pre-stored with oil bath oil (21);
a U-shaped heating pipe (19) is arranged in the oil bath oil (21) in the visual oil bath groove (20);
the main body frame (1) and the toughened glass (7) are positioned in the oil bath oil (21);
visualizing the top opening of the oil bath (20);
a stirring paddle of an oil bath stirrer (18) is placed in oil bath oil (21) of a visual oil bath groove (20);
a visual flat clamping and fixing support (22) is arranged on the right side of the visual oil bath groove (20);
three mechanical claws are arranged on the visual flat plate clamping and fixing support (22) and used for grabbing the visual flow simulation unit (100) and rotating the visual flow simulation unit (100) to a plurality of different angles.
8. The visual fracturing process research experimental device with variable gap width as claimed in claim 1, wherein the liquid injection hole (2) is communicated with the liquid supply and control unit (300);
the liquid supply and pressure control unit is used for supplying self-supporting fracturing liquid and channel fracturing liquid to the interior of the main body frame (1) through the liquid injection hole (2);
a liquid supply pressure control unit (300) which specifically comprises two nitrogen gas bottles (23);
the gas outlets of the two nitrogen cylinders (23) are respectively communicated with the top gas inlets of the self-supporting fracturing fluid containing intermediate container (26) and the channel fracturing fluid containing intermediate container (27) through a hollow connecting pipeline;
a self-supporting fracturing fluid holding intermediate container (26) communicated with one end of a self-supporting fracturing fluid injection pipeline (291);
the channel fracturing fluid holding intermediate container (27) is communicated with one end of the channel fracturing fluid injection pipeline (292);
the self-supporting fracturing fluid injection pipeline (291) and the other end of the channel fracturing fluid injection pipeline (292) are communicated with the injection hole (2) on the main body frame (1) through the liquid injection pipe (101) after confluence;
the self-supporting fracturing fluid injection pipeline (291) and the channel fracturing fluid injection pipeline (292) are respectively provided with a check valve (28);
a pressure reducing valve (24) and a six-way valve (25) are arranged on a connecting pipeline between the self-supporting fracturing fluid containing intermediate container (26) and a gas outlet of the nitrogen gas cylinder (23);
a pressure reducing valve (24) and a six-way valve (25) are also arranged on a connecting pipeline between the channel fracturing fluid holding intermediate container (27) and the gas outlet of the nitrogen gas cylinder (23);
each six-way valve (25) is connected to a pressure gauge (250).
9. The visual variable-gap-width fracturing process research experimental device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the image acquisition unit (400) specifically comprises a camera (30);
at least one light supplement lamp (29) is respectively arranged at the left side and the right side of the camera (30).
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