CN110805418A - Large-displacement adjustable continuous self-supporting fracturing process research device - Google Patents
Large-displacement adjustable continuous self-supporting fracturing process research device Download PDFInfo
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- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/25—Methods for stimulating production
- E21B43/26—Methods for stimulating production by forming crevices or fractures
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- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
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- E21B43/267—Methods for stimulating production by forming crevices or fractures reinforcing fractures by propping
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- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
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Abstract
The invention discloses a large-discharge adjustable continuous self-supporting fracturing process research device, which comprises: the visual flow simulation unit is used for simulating the flow distribution process and the solidification process of the self-supporting fracturing liquid in the perforation zone and the formation fracture space; the visual clamping temperature control unit is used for heating the visual flow simulation unit to form a self-supporting solid phase; the liquid supply unit is used for outputting self-supporting fracturing liquid and channel fracturing liquid; the pressure and flow control unit is used for providing self-supporting fracturing fluid and channel fracturing fluid for the visual flow simulation unit; the self-supporting fracturing fluid and channel fracturing fluid separator is used for separating the mixed liquid flowing out of the visual flow simulation unit and conveying the mixed liquid to the liquid supply unit; and the image acquisition unit is used for shooting the flow distribution process and the solidification process of the self-supporting fracturing fluid in the visual flow simulation unit. The invention can visually observe the phenomena of simulating a perforation zone and simulating the flowing and phase change of a self-supporting fracturing fluid system in a fracture.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of oil exploitation, in particular to the field of oil and gas production yield increasing measures and technologies, and particularly relates to a large-discharge adjustable continuous self-supporting fracturing technology research device.
Background
At present, in the field of oil exploitation, the technical problems that the migration distance of slickwater carrying quartz sand is limited, the grain size of added sand is extremely small, and continuous operation cannot be generally performed exist in the conventional volume fracturing technology. A new hydraulic fracturing process is currently developed: liquid self-supporting fracturing techniques.
For the liquid self-supporting fracturing technology, the technical principle is as follows: the method comprises the following steps of pressing a stratum (or simultaneously matching with a conventional fracturing fluid and the like) by using an immiscible self-supporting fracturing fluid (which does not contain a solid phase at normal temperature, is a liquid with good flowing capability, has unique heat sensitivity, and generates a self-supporting solid phase when being heated to a certain temperature) and a channel fracturing fluid (which is a liquid which does not contain a solid phase and has good flowing capability at normal temperature, is a liquid which does not contain a solid phase and has good flowing capability, and has the functions of reducing filtration loss of the self-supporting fracturing fluid and controlling the distribution of the self-supporting fracturing fluid in the fracture so as to ensure that the self-supporting fracture with high flow conductivity is formed); meanwhile, the distribution of the formed self-supporting solid phase in the fracture is controlled by controlling the liquid property and the construction parameters of the channel fracturing fluid, so that the self-supporting fracture with high flow conductivity is formed, and the aim of improving the productivity of the oil-gas well is fulfilled. When the technology is matched with a volume fracturing technology for use, the effective transformation volume after volume fracturing can be effectively improved, the self-supporting solid phase can form large-particle-size supporting particles matched with the size of the fracture at the deepest part of the fracture, and the yield of the pressurized oil-gas well is greatly improved.
According to the principle of the self-supporting fracturing technology, in the process of forming a self-supporting solid phase with a certain shape and size by self-supporting fracturing, the self-supporting solid phase with different shapes and sizes can be formed due to the complex influence of parameters such as the formula of the self-supporting fracturing fluid and the channel fracturing fluid (which are combined to be called as a self-supporting fracturing fluid system), the proportion of two-phase fluid, the construction injection displacement and the like. And the self-supporting solid phases with different shapes and sizes have great difference in the flow conductivity of the formed self-supporting cracks.
Therefore, in order to ensure the construction effect of the self-supporting fracturing technology, research is carried out on the flowing and self-supporting solid phase distribution rules of the self-supporting fracturing fluid, and a corresponding experimental device is researched and developed, so that the self-supporting fracturing fluid has the necessity.
At present, the flow process of the self-supporting fracturing fluid system is divided into the following steps:
1. the self-supporting fracturing fluid and the channel fracturing fluid flow to a sand mixer from different ground fluid tanks through a ground flow pipeline (the flow pipeline is a low-pressure 3-inch or so thick pipeline on the ground);
2. after entering the sand mixing truck, the mixed sand flows out from a liquid suction pump (the rotating speed can reach 1450 revolutions per minute) at the outlet of the sand mixing truck after being sheared at high speed;
3. the oil is converged to a wellhead through a fracturing pry pipe after passing through a fracturing truck;
4. the mixture is injected into a casing, an oil pipe or an oil pipe casing through a wellhead Christmas tree (according to specific construction design);
5. through the perforated zone and into the formation fracture.
According to the basic principle of hydraulic fracturing, in the process of injecting self-supporting fracturing fluid into a stratum fracture by a high-discharge high-pumping pressure pump after the fracture is pressed open, the opening width of the stratum fracture is positively correlated with the static pressure in the stratum. And the static pressure of the fluid in the fracture is determined by construction discharge capacity and fluid filtration rate, the self-supporting fracturing fluid is gradually heated by the stratum to raise the temperature and generate phase change to form a self-supporting solid phase in the later construction period, and the width of the fracture is continuously reduced due to the filtration and the stopping of liquid injection of the fracturing fluid, so that the self-supporting solid phase is finally extruded and fixed to a specific position of the fracture. Therefore, in order to ensure that the experimental device can simulate the distribution situation after the self-supporting solid phase solidification, the crack width must be adjustable. Meanwhile, the whole device needs to have the capability of resisting 10MPa pressure at the temperature of 150 ℃, and liquid is not leaked.
Because the fracturing technology needs to pump fracturing fluid under a large discharge capacity and a high pumping pressure to fracture the self-supporting fracture, the experimental equipment must reach the injection speed of the fluid during actual fracturing construction to truly simulate the shearing condition of fluid flow, and meanwhile, the injection discharge capacity needs to be accurately adjusted according to the requirements of the design discharge capacity and the injection speed, so that higher requirements are provided for injection and control equipment. Finally, because the fracturing construction displacement is big, the liquid measure is big, consequently, self-supporting fracturing technology simulation requires to annotate liquid and phase transition phenomenon observation for a long time, and the experimental apparatus that designs the circulated continuous experiment observation will greatly reduced the manpower, reduce the experiment cost, improve experimental efficiency.
However, at present, no experimental device is available, which can solve the above technical problems.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a large-discharge adjustable continuous self-supporting fracturing process research device aiming at the technical defects in the prior art.
Therefore, the invention provides a large-discharge adjustable continuous self-supporting fracturing process research device, which comprises a visual flow simulation unit, a visual clamping temperature control unit, a liquid supply unit, a pressure control and flow control unit, a self-supporting fracturing liquid and channel fracturing liquid separator and an image acquisition unit, wherein:
the visual flow simulation unit is used for simulating the flow distribution process and the solidification process of the self-supporting fracturing liquid in the perforation zone and the formation fracture space;
the visual clamping temperature control unit is connected with the visual flow simulation unit and used for heating the self-supporting fracturing fluid and the channel fracturing fluid in the visual flow simulation unit to form a self-supporting solid phase;
and the liquid supply unit is connected with the visual flow simulation unit and is used for outputting the self-supporting fracturing liquid and the channel fracturing liquid to the pressure control and flow control unit.
The pressure control and flow control unit is connected with the liquid supply unit and is used for providing self-supporting fracturing liquid and channel fracturing liquid for the visual flow simulation unit;
the self-supporting fracturing fluid and channel fracturing fluid separator is connected with the visual flow simulation unit and used for separating a mixed liquid of the self-supporting fracturing fluid and the channel fracturing fluid flowing out of the visual flow simulation unit and respectively returning and conveying the self-supporting fracturing fluid and the channel fracturing fluid obtained by separation to the liquid supply unit;
and the image acquisition unit is used for shooting and acquiring the flow distribution process and the curing process of the self-supporting fracturing fluid in the visual flow simulation unit in real time so as to obtain the flow distribution process and the curing process of the self-supporting fracturing fluid simulation in a perforation zone and a stratum fracture space.
Wherein, visual flow simulation unit, it can be called visual variable gap width simulation self-supporting fracturing fluid distribution flow flat plate and pressure survey unit, specifically includes:
a body frame distributed laterally;
the front surface of the main body frame is opened, and the middle part of the main body frame is provided with a middle cavity;
the middle cavity is used for placing horizontally and vertically distributed simulated moving crack sliding blocks;
toughened glass is covered and arranged on the opening on the front side of the main body frame;
the main body frame is fixedly connected with the front side of a back frame;
the left end and the right end of the top of the main body frame are respectively provided with a liquid injection hole and a flow-out hole;
an injection end inner cavity is arranged on the left side of the middle cavity and communicated with the injection hole;
an outflow end inner cavity is arranged at the right side of the middle cavity and communicated with the outflow hole;
a first simulated perforation zone slope surface is arranged between the left edge of the front end of the middle cavity and the right edge of the front end of the inner cavity of the injection end;
a first parallel fracture surface is formed between the right edge of the front end of the middle cavity and the left edge of the front end of the outflow cavity.
Wherein, the liquid injection hole is communicated with the liquid injection pipe;
the outflow hole is communicated with the liquid outflow pipe;
the liquid injection pipe and the liquid outflow pipe are respectively connected with one measuring end of the pressure transmitter;
the liquid injection pipe and the liquid outflow pipe are respectively provided with an inflow control switch and an outflow control switch.
The first simulated perforation belt slope surface is an inclined surface with the shape that the right side is close to the front side and the left side is close to the back side;
the first parallel crack surface is parallel to the front surface of the main body frame.
Wherein, the upper and lower sides of the toughened glass are respectively provided with a toughened glass fixing frame;
the toughened glass fixing frame is fixedly connected with the front side of the main body frame;
the toughened glass fixing frame is an L-shaped fixing frame.
Wherein, between toughened glass mount and main body frame's the front, concrete connection structure is: the upper side and the lower side of the front surface of the main body frame are respectively provided with a plurality of mounting holes which are distributed at intervals;
the toughened glass fixing frame is provided with a threaded hole at the position corresponding to the mounting hole;
the screws are vertically distributed and are respectively in threaded connection with the corresponding threaded holes and the corresponding mounting holes in the front and the back;
the front surface of the main body frame is arranged at the inner side of the mounting holes and is provided with a circle of square groove, and a front end surface square sealing ring is embedded in the groove;
the back of the main body frame is provided with a circle of square grooves, and the grooves are used for embedding the square sealing rings on the rear end face.
Wherein, the left end and the right end of the back surface of the back frame are respectively provided with a fixed adjustable knob frame which is longitudinally distributed;
the center position of each fixed adjustable knob frame and the back frame corresponding to the position are provided with adjustable knob connecting threaded holes which are longitudinally distributed;
the adjustable knob is connected with the threaded hole and is in threaded connection with the adjustable knobs which are longitudinally distributed;
the rear side of the back frame is provided with a fixed pin connecting threaded hole at the positions of the left side and the right side of the two fixed adjustable knob frames respectively;
the fixing pin is connected with the threaded hole and vertically penetrates through the back frame;
each fixing pin connecting threaded hole is in threaded connection with one fixing pin;
the periphery of the rear end of the simulated moving crack sliding block is provided with embedded grooves distributed in a surrounding manner;
an O-shaped sealing ring is embedded in the embedding groove;
the rear end of the sliding block for simulating the movement of the crack is contacted with the peripheral side wall of the middle cavity through an O-shaped sealing ring.
The visual clamping temperature control unit is a device for oil bath heating temperature control, and specifically comprises a hollow transparent visual oil bath groove;
the visual oil bath groove is pre-stored with oil bath oil;
a U-shaped heating pipe is arranged in the oil bath oil in the visual oil bath groove;
the main body frame and the toughened glass are positioned in the oil bath oil;
the top opening of the oil bath groove is visualized;
placing the visible oil bath groove into oil bath oil, and placing the visible oil bath groove into a stirring paddle of an oil bath stirrer;
a visual flat clamping and fixing support is arranged on the right side of the visual oil bath groove;
three mechanical claws are arranged on the visual flat clamping and fixing support and used for grabbing the visual flow simulation unit.
The liquid supply unit specifically comprises two screw pumps and two liquid barrels;
the two liquid barrels are respectively used for containing self-supporting fracturing liquid and channel fracturing liquid;
the liquid outlets of the two liquid barrels are respectively communicated with the liquid inlets of the two screw pumps.
The top of the inner side of each liquid barrel is provided with a liquid preparation stirrer;
the two screw pumps are connected with the same two-way frequency converter;
the pressure control and flow control unit specifically comprises two flow meters, two shock-resistant pressure meters and two check valves;
a liquid output branch pipeline connected with the liquid outlet of each screw pump is respectively provided with a flow meter, a shock-proof pressure meter and a check valve,
the two liquid output branch pipelines are communicated with the liquid injection pipe after confluence.
The self-supporting fracturing fluid and channel fracturing fluid separator specifically comprises a hollow separator shell;
the left end and the right end of the separator shell are respectively provided with a channel fracturing liquid flow outlet and a mixed liquid flow inlet;
the mixed liquid inflow port is communicated with an outflow hole on a main body frame in the visual flow simulation unit through a hollow liquid outflow pipe;
the bottom of the separator shell is provided with a self-supporting fracturing liquid outlet;
a high-rotation-speed centrifugal machine is arranged in the separator shell;
the channel fracturing liquid outlet is communicated with the top of a liquid barrel for storing channel fracturing liquid in the liquid supply unit through a hollow connecting pipeline;
the self-supporting fracturing fluid outlet is connected with the top of a liquid barrel for self-supporting fracturing fluid in the liquid supply unit through a hollow connecting pipeline;
the image acquisition unit specifically comprises a camera;
the left side and the right side of the camera are respectively provided with at least one light supplement lamp.
Compared with the prior art, the large-discharge-capacity adjustable continuous self-supporting fracturing process research device provided by the invention can intuitively observe the flowing and phase change phenomena of a self-supporting fracturing fluid system simulating a perforation zone, different fluid properties and different construction parameters in a fracture under high pump injection pressure and discharge capacity, and further research the influence rule of the self-supporting fracturing fluid system.
According to the invention, the visual flow simulation unit can be controlled to displace the self-supporting fracturing fluid system at the actual flow rate of the fracturing fluid, the self-supporting fracturing fluid system flows in the simulated fracture at a certain temperature and angle and changes phase, and the flow phenomenon of the self-supporting fracturing fluid system in the simulated perforation zone and the fracture can be visually observed in the liquid flowing process. And finally, simulating the compression process of fracture extrusion by changing the width of the fracture to fix the self-supporting solid phase at the original position of the fracture to form the high-flow-guide self-supporting fracture with a certain distribution rule, and researching the distribution rules of the self-supporting fracturing liquid system liquid and the self-supporting solid phase with different liquid properties and different construction parameters to obtain a flow rule to guide formula research and construction parameter design. Finally, in order to improve the operability of the experiment, a separation device of the circulating self-supporting fracturing fluid system is designed at the tail end so as to reduce the manpower, reduce the experiment cost and improve the experiment efficiency.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a large-displacement adjustable continuous self-supporting fracturing process research device provided by the invention;
fig. 2 is a front view of a visual flow simulation unit in a large-displacement adjustable continuous self-supporting fracturing process research device provided by the invention;
fig. 3a is a top view of a visual flow simulation unit in a large-displacement adjustable continuous self-supporting fracturing process research device provided by the invention;
fig. 3b is a schematic overall three-dimensional structure diagram i of a visual flow simulation unit in the large-displacement adjustable continuous self-supporting fracturing process research device provided by the invention;
fig. 3c is a schematic diagram of an overall three-dimensional structure of a visual flow simulation unit in the large-displacement adjustable continuous self-supporting fracturing process research apparatus provided by the invention;
fig. 3c is a left side view of a large-displacement adjustable continuous self-supporting fracturing process research device provided by the present invention, and fig. 4 is a left side view of a large-displacement adjustable continuous self-supporting fracturing process research device provided by the present invention;
fig. 5a is a front view of a main frame in a large-displacement adjustable continuous self-supporting fracturing process research device provided by the invention;
fig. 5b is a schematic perspective view of a main frame in a large-displacement adjustable continuous self-supporting fracturing process research apparatus provided by the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a rear view of a main frame of a large-displacement adjustable continuous self-supporting fracturing process research apparatus provided by the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a rear view of a back frame of a large-displacement adjustable continuous self-supporting fracturing process study device provided by the present invention;
fig. 8a is a top view of a simulated moving fracture slide block in a large-displacement adjustable continuous self-supporting fracturing process research device provided by the invention;
fig. 8b is a schematic perspective view of a simulated moving fracture slide block in a large-displacement adjustable continuous self-supporting fracturing process research device provided by the invention;
fig. 9 is a front view of a square sealing ring on the front end face in a large-displacement adjustable continuous self-supporting fracturing process research device provided by the invention;
fig. 10 is a front view of a square sealing ring on the rear end face in a large-displacement adjustable continuous self-supporting fracturing process research device provided by the invention;
fig. 11 is a front view of an O-ring in a large-displacement adjustable continuous self-supporting fracturing process research device provided by the present invention;
fig. 12 is a schematic structural diagram of a visual clamping temperature control unit in a large-displacement adjustable continuous self-supporting fracturing process research apparatus provided by the present invention;
FIG. 13 is a schematic structural diagram of a liquid supply unit in a large-displacement adjustable continuous self-supporting fracturing process research apparatus provided by the present invention;
FIG. 14 is a schematic structural diagram of a pressure and flow control unit in a large-displacement adjustable continuous self-supporting fracturing process research apparatus provided by the present invention;
fig. 15 is a schematic structural diagram of a self-supporting fracturing fluid and a channel fracturing fluid separator in a large-discharge adjustable continuous self-supporting fracturing process research device provided by the invention;
fig. 16 is a schematic structural diagram of an image acquisition unit in a large-displacement adjustable continuous self-supporting fracturing process research apparatus provided by the present invention;
fig. 17 is a picture taken by a camera of an image acquisition unit in the large-displacement adjustable continuous self-supporting fracturing process research apparatus provided by the present invention, which reflects a flow phenomenon of a self-supporting fracturing fluid system in the large-displacement adjustable continuous self-supporting fracturing process research apparatus, wherein the light-colored transparent liquid is a self-supporting fracturing fluid;
fig. 18 is a picture taken by a camera of an image acquisition unit in the large-displacement adjustable continuous self-supporting fracturing process research apparatus according to the present invention, which reflects the distribution of a self-supporting solid phase in the large-displacement adjustable continuous self-supporting fracturing process research apparatus, wherein the dark non-transparent block is the self-supporting solid phase.
In the figure: 1 is a main body frame, 2 is a liquid injection hole, 3 is a liquid outlet hole, 4 is a fixed adjustable knob frame, and 5 is an adjustable knob;
6 is a fixed pin, 7 is toughened glass, 8 is a back frame, 9 is a sliding block simulating moving cracks, and 10 is a square sealing ring on the front end face;
11 is a square sealing ring on the rear end face, 12 is an O-shaped sealing ring, 13 is an inner cavity of an injection end, 14 is an inner cavity of an outflow end, 151 is a slope surface of a first simulated perforation belt, and 152 is a slope surface of a second simulated perforation belt;
161 is a first parallel crack surface, 162 is a second parallel crack surface, and 17 is a toughened glass fixing frame.
18 is an oil bath stirrer, 19 is a heating pipe, 20 is a visual oil bath, 21 is oil bath oil, and 22 is a visual flat clamping and fixing support;
30 is inflow and outflow control switch, 31 is pressure transmitter;
36 is a light supplement lamp, and 35 is a camera;
23 is a double-channel frequency converter, 24 is a liquid preparation stirrer, 25 is a liquid barrel, 26 is a screw pump, 27 is a flow meter, 28 is a shock-proof pressure gauge, and 29 is a check valve;
32 is a mixed liquid inflow port, 33 is a channel fracturing liquid outflow port, 34 is a self-supporting fracturing liquid outflow port, and 37 is a centrifugal machine.
Detailed Description
In order that those skilled in the art will better understand the technical solution of the present invention, the following detailed description of the present invention is provided in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
For the invention, it is firstly explained that when the self-supporting fracturing construction is carried out, the formed self-supporting fracture has higher flow conductivity, the key point is that the self-supporting fracturing fluid forms stable and effective support, and the flow form distribution of the self-supporting fracturing fluid system determines the distribution characteristics of the self-supporting solid phase after phase change, so that the research on the flow distribution rule of the self-supporting fracturing fluid system under different fluid formulas and different construction parameters is necessary for optimizing the self-supporting fracturing fluid formula and the self-supporting fracturing process design parameters.
Through system research, the existing visual physical simulation experiment device capable of directly carrying out the distribution rule of the self-supporting fracturing fluid is quite few, and particularly the experiment device capable of simulating the influence of shot holes on the flow distribution rule of the self-supporting fracturing fluid is not available. Meanwhile, the fracturing technology needs to pump and inject a large amount of fracturing fluid under the high-discharge and high-pumping pressure, so that when self-supporting fracturing fluid system injection simulation is carried out with high pumping pressure and high discharge, the internal liquid pressure of the self-supporting fracturing fluid system injection simulation system greatly rises, and an experimental device with good pressure resistance for visually simulating the flow distribution rule of the self-supporting fracturing fluid is researched and developed, and the experimental device has important significance. Because the fracturing technology needs pumping fracturing fluid under a large discharge capacity and a high pumping pressure to fracture the self-supporting fracture, the experimental equipment must reach the injection speed of the fluid during actual fracturing construction to truly simulate the shearing condition of fluid flow, and meanwhile, the injection discharge capacity needs to be accurately adjusted according to the requirements of the design discharge capacity and the injection speed, so that higher requirements are provided for injection and control equipment. Therefore, the present patent has made the following invention.
Referring to fig. 1 to 18, the large-discharge adjustable continuous self-supporting fracturing process research device provided by the present invention includes a visual flow simulation unit 100, a visual clamping temperature control unit 200, a liquid supply unit 300, a pressure and flow control unit 400, a self-supporting fracturing liquid and channel fracturing liquid separator 500, and an image acquisition unit 600, wherein:
the visual flow simulation unit 100 is provided with a flow space capable of simulating the flow distribution rule of the self-supporting fracturing liquid system in the perforation zone and the stratum fracture space, and is used for simulating the flow distribution process and the solidification process of the self-supporting fracturing liquid in the perforation zone and the stratum fracture space;
the visual clamping temperature control unit 200 is connected with the visual flow simulation unit 100 and used for heating the self-supporting fracturing fluid and the channel fracturing fluid in the visual flow simulation unit 100 to form a self-supporting solid phase;
and the liquid supply unit 300 is connected with the visual flow simulation unit 100 and is used for outputting the self-supporting fracturing liquid and the channel fracturing liquid to the pressure control and flow control unit 400.
The pressure and flow control unit 400 is connected with the liquid supply unit 300 and is used for supplying self-supporting fracturing liquid and channel fracturing liquid to the visual flow simulation unit 100 (specifically, the self-supporting fracturing liquid and the channel fracturing liquid are supplied to the interior of the main body frame 1 through the liquid injection pipe 101 and the liquid injection hole 2);
the self-supporting fracturing fluid and channel fracturing fluid separator 500 is connected with the visual flow simulation unit 100, and is used for separating a mixed liquid of the self-supporting fracturing fluid and the channel fracturing fluid flowing out of the visual flow simulation unit 100 (specifically flowing out of the outflow hole 3 and the liquid outflow pipe 102), and then respectively returning and conveying the self-supporting fracturing fluid and the channel fracturing fluid obtained by separation to the liquid supply unit 300 (specifically respectively conveying the self-supporting fracturing fluid and the channel fracturing fluid to the two liquid buckets 25 for containing the self-supporting fracturing fluid and the channel fracturing fluid);
the image acquisition unit 600 is used for shooting the flow distribution process (including dynamic flow and static distribution) and the curing process of the acquired self-supporting fracturing fluid in the visual flow simulation unit 100 in real time, and further obtaining the flow distribution process and the curing process of the self-supporting fracturing fluid simulation in a perforation zone and a stratum fracture space.
In the present invention, in a specific implementation, the visual flow simulation unit 100, which may be referred to as a visual variable gap width simulation self-supporting fracturing fluid distribution flow flat plate and pressure measurement unit, specifically includes:
a main body frame 1 distributed laterally;
the front surface of the main body frame 1 is open (i.e. the top surface is completely open), and the middle part of the main body frame is provided with a middle cavity 1000 (the middle cavity is open at the front end and the rear end, is provided with a through hole which is through from front to rear, and is only provided with a cavity wall in the peripheral direction);
the middle cavity 1000 is used for placing the simulation moving crack sliding blocks 9 which are transversely and vertically distributed;
the front opening of the main body frame 1 is covered with toughened glass 7 (the middle cavity 1000 is covered on the inner side of the toughened glass 7);
the main body frame 1 is fixedly connected with the front surface of a back frame 8.
The left end and the right end of the top of the main body frame 1 are respectively provided with a liquid injection hole 2 and a liquid outlet hole 3;
an injection end inner cavity 13 (spaced from the middle cavity 1000) is arranged on the left side of the middle cavity 1000, and the injection end inner cavity 13 is communicated with the injection hole 2;
it should be noted that the injection end inner cavity 13 is communicated with the injection hole 3, and can provide an inflow passage of the self-supporting fracturing fluid.
An outflow end inner cavity 14 is arranged at the right side of the middle cavity 1000, (and is mutually separated from the middle cavity 1000), and the outflow end inner cavity 14 is communicated with the outflow hole 3;
it should be noted that the outlet end inner cavity 14 is communicated with the outlet hole 3, and can provide a fluid outlet channel for the self-supporting fracturing fluid.
A first simulated perforation slope surface 151 is arranged between the left edge of the front end of the middle cavity 1000 and the right edge of the front end of the injection end inner cavity 13;
the middle cavity 1000 has a first parallel split surface 161 between the front right edge and the front left edge of the outflow cavity 14.
In particular, the liquid injection hole 2 is communicated with the liquid injection pipe 101;
and an outlet hole 3 communicating with the liquid outlet pipe 102.
In the present invention, in a specific implementation, the liquid injection pipe 101 and the liquid outflow pipe 102 are respectively connected to one measuring end of the pressure transmitter 31.
In a specific implementation, an inflow and outflow control switch 30 (e.g., a ball valve or a solenoid valve) is further installed on the liquid inlet pipe 101 and the liquid outlet pipe 102, respectively.
It should be noted that, the two measuring ends of the pressure transmitter 31 are respectively connected to the liquid inflow end and the liquid outflow end of the visual flow simulation unit 100, and the experimental data of the pressure transmitter can be transmitted to an external computer and recorded by software. The pressure data changes across the visual flow simulation unit 100 are recorded at all times. The inflow and outflow control switches 30 control the inflow and outflow of the self-supporting fracturing fluid and the channel fracturing fluid as shown in fig. 2.
In the present invention, the first simulated perforation zone slope 151 is a steel surface, which is an inclined plane with a shape of right side close to front and left side close to back, and is used for simulating the flowing form of the self-supporting fracturing fluid system in the conical perforation zone.
In the present invention, the first parallel slit surface 161 is a steel surface, which is parallel to the front surface (i.e., the front end surface) of the main body frame 1.
In the invention, in the concrete implementation, the upper side and the lower side of the toughened glass 7 are respectively provided with a toughened glass fixing frame 17;
and the toughened glass fixing frame 17 is fixedly connected with the front surface of the main body frame 1.
In particular, the tempered glass fixing frame 17 is an L-shaped fixing frame.
In the concrete realization, between toughened glass mount 17 and main body frame 1's the front, concrete connection structure is: the upper side and the lower side of the front surface of the main body frame 1 are respectively provided with a plurality of mounting holes 1001 which are distributed at intervals;
the toughened glass fixing frame 17 is provided with a threaded hole at a position corresponding to the mounting hole 1001;
and the screws which are vertically distributed are respectively in threaded connection with the corresponding threaded holes and the corresponding mounting holes in the front and the back.
In a specific implementation, a front surface (i.e., a front end surface) of the main body frame 1 is provided with a circle of square grooves inside the plurality of mounting holes 1001, and the front end surface square sealing rings 10 are embedded in the grooves.
In the invention, in a concrete implementation, the main body frame 1 and the back frame 8 are fixedly connected through six bolts.
In the concrete implementation, the back of the main body frame 1 is provided with a circle of square groove, and the groove is used for embedding the rear end face square sealing ring 11.
In the invention, in concrete implementation, the left end and the right end of the back surface of the back frame 8 are respectively provided with a fixed adjustable knob frame 4 which is longitudinally distributed;
the center position of each fixed adjustable knob frame 4 and the back frame 8 corresponding to the position are provided with an adjustable knob connecting threaded hole which is longitudinally distributed (the adjustable knob connecting threaded hole longitudinally penetrates through the back frame 8 and the fixed adjustable knob frame 4 from front to back);
the adjustable knob is connected with the threaded hole and is in threaded connection with the adjustable knobs 5 which are longitudinally distributed (the outer wall of the front part of each adjustable knob 5 is provided with an external thread).
That is, the middle of the fixed adjustable knob frame 4 is provided with an adjustable knob 5 matching with the rotating screw thread, the adjustable knob can rotate at the rear side of the back frame 8, and the length of the front end part of the adjustable knob extending into the middle cavity 1000 in front of the back frame 8 is adjusted.
In particular, the rear side of the back frame 8 is respectively provided with a fixed pin connecting threaded hole at the left side and the right side of the two fixed adjustable knob frames 4;
the fixing pin connecting threaded hole vertically penetrates through the back frame 8;
each fixing pin connecting threaded hole is threadedly connected with one fixing pin 6.
Therefore, the fixing pin 6 can be rotated on the rear side of the back frame 8, and the length of the front end portion thereof extending into the intermediate chamber 1000 located in front of the back frame 8 can be adjusted.
In the invention, in the concrete implementation, the periphery of the rear end of the simulation moving crack sliding block 9 is provided with embedded grooves distributed in a surrounding way;
an O-shaped sealing ring 12 is embedded in the embedding groove;
the rear end of the simulation moving crack sliding block 9 is contacted with the peripheral side wall of the middle cavity 1000 through an O-shaped sealing ring 12.
Therefore, the analog movement crack slider 9 is fixed on the middle cavity 10 of the main body frame 1 through the O-ring 12, the rear side surface of the analog movement crack slider 9 is vertically contacted with the front end part of the adjustable knob 5 and the front end part of the fixed pin 6 which extend into the middle cavity 10, wherein, by rotating the two adjustable knobs 5, the analog movement crack slider 9 can move back and forth in the middle cavity 10 along the longitudinal direction, and the fixed pin 6 can ensure the stability (i.e. horizontal longitudinal support) of the analog movement crack slider 9 in the middle cavity 10.
It should be noted that, with the present invention, the width of the simulated fracture in the longitudinal direction can be adjusted by simulating the back and forth movement of the moving fracture sliding block 9 in the middle cavity 10 along the longitudinal direction, so that the influence of different fracture widths on the flow distribution of the self-supporting fracturing fluid can be simulated.
It should be noted that the blasthole refers to: the perforating bullet is detonated at a corresponding depth of the shaft and enters the stratum, so that the shaft is communicated with a stratum fracture, a channel for oil gas to flow from the stratum to the shaft is formed, the shape of the channel is cylindrical, the diameter of the channel is within the range of 1-10 CM, and the length of the channel is 1-several meters.
According to the invention, the corresponding parts of the experimental device are reduced in equal proportion according to the sizes of the actual shaft and the actual crack. To simulate the shear behavior of an actual borehole, the borehole is sized to coincide with a borehole in the actual formation, since the cross-sectional flow area at the simulated borehole is much smaller than the wellbore and fracture.
In the present invention, the perforated band is a flow channel formed in the formation after perforations are ejected through the wellbore wall and through the formation. The perforation belt in the patent is processed into a corresponding shape according to the shape and the angle of the perforation belt so as to simulate the flowing process of self-supporting fracturing fluid in the perforation belt.
It should be noted that hydraulic fracturing, fracturing for short, refers to a process of fracturing a rock under high pressure by injecting a fracturing fluid and generating a fracture, the length of the generated fracture ranges from tens of meters to hundreds of meters, the height ranges from tens of meters to tens of meters, and the width is within twenty millimeters,
in the device of this patent, utilize the toughened glass who processes to realize end face seal through the sealing washer, inside forms a parallel crack passageway, and then realizes simulating the shearing action of crack to liquid flow.
In a specific implementation, referring to fig. 8, the left side of the front end of the simulated moving fracture sliding block 9 is provided with a second simulated perforation belt slope surface 152 connected with the right end of the first simulated perforation belt slope surface 151;
the right side of the front end of the simulated moving crack sliding block 9 is provided with a second parallel crack surface 162 which is connected with the right end of the first parallel crack surface 161.
It should be noted that the second simulated perforation belt slope 152 is also a steel surface, which is a slope with the right side in front and the left side in back, and is used to simulate the flow pattern of the self-supporting fracturing fluid system in the conical perforation belt. The second parallel slit surface 162 is also a steel surface which is parallel to the front surface (i.e., the front end surface) of the main body frame 1.
In the invention, the toughened glass 7 is made of high-strength toughened fireproof glass, does not deform or crack at the temperature of 180 ℃ and resists the fluid pressure of 10MPa inside.
In the present invention, the upper end face square seal ring 10, the lower end face square seal ring 11, and the O-ring 12 are made of organic acid-resistant and strong acid-resistant materials such as fluorine-containing or polytetrafluoroethylene rubber.
In the invention, the main body frame 1, the fixed adjustable knob frame 4, the adjustable knob 5, the fixed pin 6, the back frame 8 and the simulated moving crack sliding block 9 are all made of carburizing steel, are strengthened by quenching for 3 times after processing, and are subjected to phosphating treatment on the surface, thus having excellent performances of water resistance, organic solvent resistance, strong acid resistance and strong alkali resistance.
Based on the technical scheme, the basic components are combined together to form a flowing space which has a flowing distribution rule of a self-supporting fracturing liquid system and can resist 10MPa of liquid pressure and is in a simulated perforation zone and a parallel fracture space, and the flowing space is provided with a heating temperature control system (namely a visual clamping temperature control unit 200) to provide heating conditions for simulating a stratum so that self-supporting fracturing liquids in different distributions are subjected to phase change to form a self-supporting solid phase.
In the present invention, in a specific implementation, the visual clamping temperature control unit 200 is a device for oil bath heating temperature control, and specifically includes a hollow transparent visual oil bath 20;
the visual oil bath 20 is pre-stored with oil bath oil 21;
a U-shaped heating pipe 19 (specifically, a common electric heating pipe) is installed in the oil bath oil 21 in the visible oil bath 20;
the main body frame 1 and the toughened glass 7 are located in the oil bath 21, that is, the main body part of the visual flow simulation unit 100 is located in the oil bath 21, so that the visual clamping temperature control unit 200 can heat the self-supporting fracturing fluid and the channel fracturing fluid flowing into the visual flow simulation unit 100 to form a self-supporting solid phase.
In particular implementation, the top opening of the oil bath 20 is visualized;
the stirring paddle of the oil bath stirrer 18 is placed in the oil bath oil 21 in the visible oil bath 20.
In particular, a visual flat plate clamping and fixing support 22 is arranged on the right side of the visual oil bath groove 20;
three mechanical claws (steel claws) are mounted on the visual flat clamping and fixing support 22 and used for grabbing the visual flow simulation unit 100.
In the present invention, the visual clamping temperature control unit 200 is provided with the U-shaped high-power heating pipe 19, and can rapidly heat the bath oil 21 in the visual bath 20 to a predetermined temperature, and the heat generated by the heating pipe 19 can be uniformly transferred to the bath oil 21 (i.e., heating oil) in the visual bath 20 by the oil stirrer 18. Meanwhile, the temperature of the experiment temperature can be kept by the aid of an accurate digital display temperature control device.
In concrete implementation, the visual oil bath 20 is made of tempered fireproof glass, has the size of 2m, has the performance of resisting temperature of 200 ℃, has good light transmission, and does not influence observation of the phenomenon of internal simulated perforation zones and crack flat plates. Three large-sized steel claws are arranged on the visual flat clamping and fixing support 22, and can clamp the visual flow simulation unit 100 for simulating the formation fracture space to various angles such as horizontal and vertical angles, so that self-supporting fracturing process simulation in formation fractures with different angles is carried out (as shown in fig. 12).
In particular, the oil bath oil 21 (i.e. the heating oil) can be selected from dimethyl silicone oil, can resist the temperature of 250 ℃, is colorless and transparent, and is convenient for observing experimental phenomena.
In the invention, the injection hole 2 is respectively communicated with a container for storing the self-supporting fracturing fluid and a container for storing the channel fracturing fluid in advance through two hollow connecting pipelines. According to the needs of users, liquid pumps (water pumps) can be respectively arranged on the two connecting pipelines.
In the invention, the liquid injection hole 2 can be communicated with the liquid supply unit 300;
and the liquid supply unit is used for outputting the self-supporting fracturing liquid and the channel fracturing liquid to the pressure control and flow control unit 400.
In a specific implementation, the liquid supply unit 300 specifically includes two screw pumps 26 and two liquid tanks 25;
the two liquid barrels 25 are respectively used for containing self-supporting fracturing liquid and channel fracturing liquid;
the liquid outlets of the two liquid barrels 25 are respectively communicated with the liquid inlets of the two screw pumps 26.
The top of the inner side of each liquid barrel 25 is provided with a liquid preparation stirrer 24;
in the concrete implementation, two screw pumps 26 are connected with the same two-way frequency converter 23.
In concrete implementation, the screw pump 26 is a variable frequency pump, specifically a screw pump with a variable frequency function, and the two-way frequency converter 23 is a controller for controlling the variable frequency pump.
Wherein, the double-circuit frequency converter 23 can be a G600 type frequency converter of Xinjiesi brand, has the functions of leakage protection and grounding, ensures the safety, and uses 380V voltage and 20A current. The double-path frequency converter 23 can control the rotating speed of the variable frequency screw pump through an internal structure to realize the displacement adjustment effect.
The screw pump 26 can be a Xinjiesi brand G70-1 large displacement screw pump, the flow rate is more than 20m/h, and the lift is more than 100 m. The variable frequency screw pump is used for simulating large discharge and pump pressure of liquid injection of the ground fracturing pump truck.
It should be noted that, for the liquid supply unit 300 of the present invention, the large-displacement screw pumps 26 each can stably supply the self-supporting fracturing fluid at a maximum of 20m3The volume of the two liquid barrels 25 reaches 0.5m3The self-supporting fracturing fluid and the channel fracturing fluid are respectively contained and are respectively arranged above the liquid inlets of two large-displacement screw pumps (also frequency conversion pumps) 26 through a bracket and a butterfly valve so as to quickly provide enough experimental liquid;
wherein, the liquid preparation stirrer 24 can provide high-speed stable stirring so as to prepare two liquids in the liquid barrel 25; the two-way frequency converter 23 controls the frequency of the two large-displacement screw pumps 26 respectively to control the rotation speed of the pumps, so as to sensitively adjust the displacement, and further simulate the flow distribution form of the self-supporting fracturing fluid under different displacements (injection speeds), as shown in fig. 13.
In the present invention, in concrete implementation, a pressure and flow control unit 400 for supplying a self-supporting fracturing fluid and a channel fracturing fluid to the inside of the main body frame 1 through the liquid injection pipe 101 and the liquid injection hole 2;
the pressure and flow control unit 400 specifically comprises two flow meters 27, two shock-resistant pressure gauges 28 and two check valves 29;
a liquid output branch pipeline 260 connected with the liquid outlet of each screw pump 26 is respectively provided with a flow meter 27, a shock-proof pressure gauge 28 and a check valve 29,
the two liquid outlet branch pipes 260 are communicated with the liquid injection pipe 101 after being converged.
It should be noted that, for the present invention, in the pressure and flow control unit, the flow meters 27 on two pipelines (i.e. the liquid output branch pipeline 260) can respectively read the displacement of the self-supporting fracturing liquid and the channel fracturing liquid flowing into the visual simulation fracture; the shock-proof pressure gauge 28 can read the pressure of the pipeline, provide experimental parameters for the friction calculation of the whole pipeline and play a role in safety pressure early warning; the check valve 29 is mainly used to limit the flow direction of each pipeline to the right, so as to avoid the liquid backflow phenomenon caused by the difference between the displacement and the pressure of the two liquids, as shown in fig. 14.
In the present invention, in a specific implementation, the self-supporting fracturing fluid and channel fracturing fluid separator 500 is connected to the visual flow simulation unit 100, and is configured to separate a mixed solution of the self-supporting fracturing fluid and the channel fracturing fluid flowing out (specifically, flowing out from the outflow hole 3 and the liquid outflow pipe 102) from the visual flow simulation unit 100, and then return the separated self-supporting fracturing fluid and channel fracturing fluid to the liquid supply unit 300 (specifically, respectively deliver the separated self-supporting fracturing fluid and channel fracturing fluid to the two liquid barrels 25 for containing the self-supporting fracturing fluid and the channel fracturing fluid);
in particular implementation, the self-supporting fracturing fluid and channel fracturing fluid separator 500 specifically comprises a hollow separator housing 5000;
the left and right ends of the separator housing 5000 are respectively provided with a channel fracturing fluid outlet 33 and a mixed liquid inflow port 32;
a mixed liquid inlet 32 communicating with the outlet 3 of the main body frame 1 of the visual flow simulation unit 100 through a hollow liquid outlet tube 102;
the bottom of the separator housing 5000 has a self-supporting fracturing fluid outlet 34;
a high-rotation-speed centrifuge 37 is arranged in the separator shell 5000;
the channel fracturing fluid outlet 33 is communicated with the top (the top is provided with a liquid inlet) of a liquid barrel 25 for storing channel fracturing fluid in the liquid supply unit 300 through a hollow connecting pipeline;
the self-supporting fracturing fluid outlet 34 is communicated with the top (the top is provided with a liquid inlet) of a liquid barrel 25 for the self-supporting fracturing fluid in the liquid supply unit 300 through a hollow connecting pipeline.
In particular, the centrifuge 48 can adopt SYF-Q series oil-water separation equipment produced by a Xinxiang northern filter factory, and the treatment capacity of the equipment can reach 1-20 m3The working temperature is between 0 and 50 ℃. The centrifuge can utilize the high-speed rotation in it, with the quick two-phase separation of self-supporting fracturing fluid and passageway fracturing fluid to flow into corresponding liquid bucket respectively again after the separation to guarantee the continuous of experiment pump injection liquid and go on.
For the present invention, it should be noted that a high-speed centrifuge 37 is provided inside the self-supporting fracturing fluid and channel fracturing fluid separator 500, and the rotation speed can reach 8000 rpm. According to the stokes principle, due to the density difference and the interfacial tension difference between the self-supporting fracturing fluid and the channel fracturing fluid, after the self-supporting fracturing fluid is injected into the self-supporting fracturing fluid and the channel fracturing fluid separator 500, the self-supporting fracturing fluid is accelerated rapidly, the channel fracturing fluid quickly floats up and finally flows out from the channel fracturing fluid outlet 33 and returns to the fluid barrel 25 for storing the channel fracturing fluid (i.e. the fluid barrel positioned in the front in fig. 1, specifically through the fluid inlet at the top of the fluid barrel), and the self-supporting fracturing fluid quickly sinks and flows back to the fluid barrel 25 for storing the self-supporting fracturing fluid (i.e. the fluid barrel positioned in the rear in fig. 1, specifically through the fluid inlet at the top of the fluid barrel). Further, by using the device, the separation rate of the two-phase liquid can reach more than 97%, the experiment can be continuously carried out for more than 2 hours (without an oil-water separator, a single experiment can only be carried out for 10min), and the requirement of a long-time large-displacement simulation experiment on the liquid quantity can be met, as shown in fig. 15.
In the present invention, in a specific implementation, the image capturing unit 600 specifically includes a plurality of (not limited to two) cameras 35;
at least one fill light 36 is provided on each of the left and right sides of each camera 35.
It should be noted that, for the present invention, the image capturing unit 600 may specifically include 2 non-strobe high-power fill lights 33 and a high-speed high-pixel camera 35 as an image capturing unit, and in an experiment, the dynamic flow and static distribution of the self-supporting fracturing fluid system inside the visual flow simulation unit 100 (as shown in fig. 16) can be clearly photographed and recorded through the transparent visual oil bath 20 and the transparent tempered glass 7.
For a more clear understanding of the present invention, the following description is made with respect to a specific assembly process of the present invention as follows:
1. the front end face square sealing ring 10 and the rear end face square sealing ring 11 are respectively installed in the inner grooves at the front end and the rear end of the main body frame 1. And plugging the O-shaped sealing ring 12 into a corresponding caulking groove at the rear end of the movable crack simulating sliding block 9.
2. The simulated moving crack sliding block 9 with the assembled O-shaped sealing ring is arranged in the middle inner cavity of the main body frame 1 in parallel with the front end surface and the rear end surface of the main body frame 1. The back frame 8 is mounted to the rear side of the main body frame 1 by screws.
3. Two fixed adjustable knob frames 4 are arranged on corresponding hole positions of a back frame 8, then the adjustable knobs 5 are screwed in through threads inside the fixed adjustable knob frames 4, the two adjustable knobs 5 are kept to rotate simultaneously, and therefore the simulated moving crack sliding blocks 9 contacted with the front end portions of the adjustable knobs 5 can move parallel to the front end face (namely the front face) of the main body frame 1. And screwing the fixing pin 6 into the corresponding hole position on the back frame 8, so that the fixing pin is simultaneously contacted with the back side surface of the simulation moving crack sliding block 9.
4. Mounting toughened glass 7 at a corresponding position through a toughened glass fixing frame 7;
5. finally, the liquid injection hole 2 and the liquid outflow hole 3 are connected with pipelines (namely an input pipeline and an output pipeline of a mixed liquid of the self-supporting fracturing liquid and the channel fracturing liquid, specifically a liquid injection pipe 101 and a liquid outflow pipe 102) with corresponding sizes, and the installation of the visual flow simulation unit 100 is completed.
6. Next, as shown in fig. 12 to 16, the visual clamping temperature control unit 200, the liquid supply unit 300, the pressure and flow control unit 400, the self-supporting fracturing fluid and channel fracturing liquid separator 500, and the image acquisition unit 600 are continuously installed, and finally, the experimental device of the present invention is obtained by assembling.
For a more clear understanding of the invention, reference is now made to the following specific examples:
the flow of the self-supporting fracturing fluid system within the experimental set-up of the present invention is as follows,
firstly, after the self-supporting fracturing fluid and the channel fracturing fluid are respectively displaced by different variable frequency screw pumps and enter a cavity of a main body frame through a liquid injection hole, the self-supporting fracturing fluid is influenced by shearing and parallel spaces of a perforation zone through a simulation perforation zone slope and an outflow end plane (namely parallel fracture surfaces) under the action of fluid pressure, and the distribution form of the self-supporting fracturing fluid after shearing is shot and recorded by a high-speed camera is shown in fig. 17 (the transparent light-colored fluid is the self-supporting fracturing fluid). The distribution form of the self-supporting fracturing fluid after solidification to form a self-supporting solid phase is shown in fig. 18 (the dark non-transparent block is the self-supporting solid phase).
Compared with the prior art, the large-discharge adjustable continuous self-supporting fracturing process research device provided by the invention has the following beneficial technical effects:
1. according to different experimental parameters, the device can visually observe the distribution condition of the self-supporting fracturing fluid in the simulated formation fractures;
2. the simulation perforation zone flow space with unique design can simulate the distribution influence of the perforation zone on the self-supporting fracturing fluid;
3. the flow phenomenon of the self-supporting fracturing fluid system with different densities, surface tensions and viscosities in fractures with different widths can be simulated under different stratum temperatures, pressures and injection displacement, and further the formula, construction parameters and process of the self-supporting fracturing fluid and the channel fracturing fluid are optimized.
4. The fracture width is adjustable, and the influence of different fracture widths on the flow distribution of the self-supporting fracturing fluid can be simulated.
5. The device can be injected with strong acid or strong alkaline fluid and corrosive organic solvent, and has wide application range. The flow phenomenon of the self-supporting fracturing fluid and different types of channel fracturing fluids can be simulated.
6. The device adopts end face sealing, the internal fluid pressure can reach 5MPa, the requirements of high injection pressure and large-displacement pumping are met, and the device is more close to the site simulation construction conditions.
7. The device has the advantages of relatively simple processing of all components and strong operability.
8. The device of the invention is detachable and washable, convenient to assemble, simple to operate and strong in practicability.
In summary, compared with the prior art, the large-discharge-capacity adjustable continuous self-supporting fracturing process research device provided by the invention can intuitively observe the flowing and phase change phenomena of a self-supporting fracturing fluid system simulating a perforation zone, different liquid properties in a fracture and different construction parameters under high pump injection pressure and discharge capacity, and further research the influence rule of the self-supporting fracturing fluid system.
According to the invention, the visual flow simulation unit can be controlled to displace the self-supporting fracturing fluid system at the actual flow rate of the fracturing fluid, the self-supporting fracturing fluid system flows in the simulated fracture at a certain temperature and angle and changes phase, and the flow phenomenon of the self-supporting fracturing fluid system in the simulated perforation zone and the fracture can be visually observed in the liquid flowing process. And finally, simulating the compression process of fracture extrusion by changing the width of the fracture to fix the self-supporting solid phase at the original position of the fracture to form the high-flow-guide self-supporting fracture with a certain distribution rule, and researching the distribution rules of the self-supporting fracturing liquid system liquid and the self-supporting solid phase with different liquid properties and different construction parameters to obtain a flow rule to guide formula research and construction parameter design. Finally, in order to improve the operability of the experiment, a separation device of the circulating self-supporting fracturing fluid system is designed at the tail end so as to reduce the manpower, reduce the experiment cost and improve the experiment efficiency.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a continuity self-supporting fracturing technology research device with adjustable big discharge, which comprises a visual flow simulation unit (100), a visual centre gripping accuse temperature unit (200), a liquid supply unit (300), a accuse pressure and accuse flow unit (400), a self-supporting fracturing fluid and passageway fracturing fluid separator (500) and an image acquisition unit (600), wherein:
the visual flow simulation unit (100) is used for simulating the flow distribution process and the solidification process of the self-supporting fracturing fluid in a perforation zone and a formation fracture space;
the visual clamping temperature control unit (200) is connected with the visual flow simulation unit (100) and is used for heating the self-supporting fracturing fluid and the channel fracturing fluid in the visual flow simulation unit (100) to form a self-supporting solid phase;
the liquid supply unit (300) is connected with the visual flow simulation unit (100) and is used for outputting self-supporting fracturing liquid and channel fracturing liquid to the pressure control and flow control unit (400);
the pressure and flow control unit (400) is connected with the liquid supply unit (300) and is used for supplying self-supporting fracturing liquid and channel fracturing liquid to the visual flow simulation unit (100);
the self-supporting fracturing fluid and channel fracturing fluid separator (500) is connected with the visual flowing simulation unit (100) and is used for separating a mixed liquid of the self-supporting fracturing fluid and the channel fracturing fluid flowing out of the visual flowing simulation unit (100) and respectively returning and conveying the self-supporting fracturing fluid and the channel fracturing fluid obtained by separation to the liquid supply unit (300);
the image acquisition unit (600) is used for shooting the flow distribution process and the curing process of the self-supporting fracturing fluid in the visual flow simulation unit (100) in real time, and further obtaining the flow distribution process and the curing process of the self-supporting fracturing fluid in the perforation zone and the stratum fracture space.
2. The apparatus for researching the large-discharge adjustable continuous self-supporting fracturing process as claimed in claim 1, wherein the visual flow simulation unit (100) which can be called as a visual variable gap width simulation self-supporting fracturing fluid distribution flow flat plate and pressure measurement unit specifically comprises:
a body frame (1) distributed transversely;
the front surface of the main body frame (1) is opened, and the middle part of the main body frame is provided with a middle cavity (1000);
the middle cavity (1000) is used for placing the simulation moving crack sliding blocks (9) which are transversely and vertically distributed;
the front opening of the main body frame (1) is covered with toughened glass (7);
the main body frame (1) is fixedly connected with the front side of a back frame (8);
the left end and the right end of the top of the main body frame (1) are respectively provided with a liquid injection hole (2) and a liquid outlet hole (3);
an injection end inner cavity (13) is arranged on the left side of the middle cavity (1000), and the injection end inner cavity (13) is communicated with the injection hole (2);
an outflow end inner cavity (14) is arranged at the right side of the middle cavity (1000), and the outflow end inner cavity (14) is communicated with the outflow hole (3);
a first simulated perforation belt slope surface (151) is arranged between the left edge of the front end of the middle cavity (1000) and the right edge of the front end of the injection end cavity (13);
a first parallel slit surface (161) is formed between the right front edge of the middle cavity (1000) and the left front edge of the outlet cavity (14).
3. The large-discharge adjustable continuous self-supporting fracturing process research device according to claim 2, wherein the injection hole (2) is communicated with the liquid injection pipe (101);
an outlet hole (3) communicating with the liquid outlet pipe (102);
the liquid injection pipe (101) and the liquid outflow pipe (102) are respectively connected with one measuring end of the pressure transmitter (31);
an inflow and outflow control switch (30) is respectively arranged on the liquid injection pipe (101) and the liquid outflow pipe (102).
4. The apparatus for researching large-displacement adjustable continuous self-supporting fracturing process as claimed in claim 2, wherein the slope (151) of the first simulated perforation zone is a slope with the shape of right side forward and left side backward;
the first parallel slit surface (161) is parallel to the front surface of the main body frame (1).
5. The large-discharge adjustable continuous self-supporting fracturing process research device according to claim 2, wherein the upper and lower sides of the tempered glass (7) are respectively provided with a tempered glass fixing frame (17);
the toughened glass fixing frame (17) is fixedly connected with the front surface of the main body frame (1);
the toughened glass fixing frame (17) is an L-shaped fixing frame.
6. The large-displacement adjustable continuous self-supporting fracturing process research device according to claim 5, wherein the specific connection structure between the toughened glass fixing frame (17) and the front surface of the main body frame (1) is as follows: the upper side and the lower side of the front surface of the main body frame (1) are respectively provided with a plurality of mounting holes (1001) which are distributed at intervals;
the toughened glass fixing frame (17) is provided with a threaded hole at the position corresponding to the mounting hole (1001);
the screws are vertically distributed and are respectively in threaded connection with the corresponding threaded holes and the corresponding mounting holes in the front and the back;
the front surface of the main body frame (1) is arranged on the inner side of the mounting holes (1001) and is provided with a circle of square groove, and a front end surface square sealing ring (10) is embedded in the groove;
the back of the main body frame (1) is provided with a circle of square groove, and the groove is used for embedding the rear end face square sealing ring (11).
7. The large-displacement adjustable continuous self-supporting fracturing process research device as claimed in claim 2, wherein the left and right ends of the back frame (8) are respectively provided with a fixed adjustable knob rack (4) which is longitudinally distributed;
the center position of each fixed adjustable knob frame (4) and the back frame (8) corresponding to the position are provided with adjustable knob connecting threaded holes which are longitudinally distributed;
the adjustable knob is connected with the threaded hole and is in threaded connection with the adjustable knobs (5) which are longitudinally distributed;
the rear side of the back frame (8) is respectively provided with a fixed pin connecting threaded hole at the positions of the left side and the right side of the two fixed adjustable knob frames (4);
the fixing pin connecting threaded hole vertically penetrates through the back frame (8);
each fixing pin connecting threaded hole is in threaded connection with one fixing pin (6);
the periphery of the rear end of the simulation moving crack sliding block (9) is provided with embedded grooves distributed in a surrounding way;
an O-shaped sealing ring (12) is embedded in the embedding groove;
the rear end of the simulated moving crack sliding block (9) is in contact with the peripheral side wall of the middle cavity (1000) through an O-shaped sealing ring (12).
8. The large-displacement adjustable continuous self-supporting fracturing process research device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the visual clamping temperature control unit (200) is a device for oil bath heating temperature control, and specifically comprises a hollow transparent visual oil bath groove (20);
the visible oil bath groove (20) is internally pre-stored with oil bath oil (21);
a U-shaped heating pipe (19) is arranged in the oil bath oil (21) in the visual oil bath groove (20);
the main body frame (1) and the toughened glass (7) are positioned in the oil bath oil (21);
visualizing the top opening of the oil bath (20);
a stirring paddle of an oil bath stirrer (18) is placed in oil bath oil (21) of a visual oil bath groove (20);
a visual flat clamping and fixing support (22) is arranged on the right side of the visual oil bath groove (20);
three mechanical claws are arranged on the visual flat clamping and fixing support (22) and are used for grabbing the visual flow simulation unit (100).
9. The large-discharge adjustable continuous self-supporting fracturing process research device of claim 2, wherein the liquid supply unit (300) comprises two screw pumps (26) and two liquid barrels (25);
the two liquid barrels (25) are respectively used for containing self-supporting fracturing liquid and channel fracturing liquid;
the liquid outlets of the two liquid barrels (25) are respectively communicated with the liquid inlets of the two screw pumps (26);
the top of the inner side of each liquid barrel (25) is provided with a liquid preparation stirrer (24);
two screw pumps (26) connected with the same two-way frequency converter (23);
the pressure and flow control unit (400) specifically comprises two flow meters (27), two shock-resistant pressure meters (28) and two check valves (29);
a liquid output branch pipeline (260) connected with the liquid outlet of each screw pump (26) is respectively provided with a flowmeter (27), a shock-proof pressure gauge (28) and a check valve (29),
the two liquid output branch pipelines (260) are communicated with the liquid injection pipe (101) after confluence.
10. The large-discharge adjustable continuous self-supporting fracturing process research apparatus of claim 9, wherein the self-supporting fracturing fluid and channel fracturing fluid separator (500) comprises a hollow separator housing (5000);
the left end and the right end of the separator shell (5000) are respectively provided with a channel fracturing liquid outlet (33) and a mixed liquid inflow port (32);
a mixed liquid inflow port (32) which is communicated with an outflow hole (3) on a main body frame (1) in the visual flow simulation unit (100) through a hollow liquid outflow pipe (102);
the bottom of the separator shell (5000) is provided with a self-supporting fracturing fluid outlet (34);
a centrifuge (37) with high rotation speed is arranged in the separator shell (5000);
the channel fracturing liquid outlet (33) is communicated with the top of a liquid barrel (25) used for storing channel fracturing liquid in the liquid supply unit (300) through a hollow connecting pipeline;
the self-supporting fracturing liquid outlet (34) is connected with the top of a liquid barrel (25) for the self-supporting fracturing liquid in the liquid supply unit (300) through a hollow connecting pipeline;
an image acquisition unit (600), in particular comprising a camera (35);
the left side and the right side of the camera (35) are respectively provided with at least one light supplement lamp (36).
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