CN108386179A - A kind of optimization method of sandstone reservoir hydraulic fracturing proppants parameter - Google Patents
A kind of optimization method of sandstone reservoir hydraulic fracturing proppants parameter Download PDFInfo
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- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000003746 surface roughness Effects 0.000 claims description 11
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- 238000007872 degassing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 claims description 2
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- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
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- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
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- E21B43/26—Methods for stimulating production by forming crevices or fractures
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of optimization methods of sandstone reservoir hydraulic fracturing proppants parameter, it will wait in the input oil-gas reservoir productivity simulation software such as pit shaft data of pressure break sandstone reservoir, simulation calculates reservoir productivity size under different fracture parameters, to determine optimal fracture condudtiviy needed for reservoir production；It cleaves to form crack using the true rock beam of reservoir, acquires its fracture faces rough morphology data, then make the sampling die with its rough surface consistent appearance, make the artificial sand rock rock sample with true fracture faces pattern；Supporting crack flow conductivity test under different support agent parameters is carried out using artificial sand rock rock sample, its test result and simulation result of calculation are compared and analyzed, the optimal support agent parameter for meeting the reservoir characteristic is obtained.The present invention can efficiently and accurately obtain proppant parameter optimization result using the artificial sand rock rock sample development supporting crack flow conductivity test that can reflect the true fracture faces pattern of sandstone reservoir hydraulic fracturing.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to increasing yield of oil and natural gas renovation technique fields, more particularly to waterpower pressure in sandstone reservoir storey increase design
Split the optimization method of support agent parameter.
Background technology
Hydraulic fracturing is the major measure of frscturing transformation, is had to oil and gas reservoir squeezing by pit shaft when construction higher
The fracturing fluid of viscosity is then formed on the reservoir of shaft bottom very high when the speed for injecting fracturing fluid is more than the absorbability of reservoir
Pressure, when this pressure is more than the fracture pressure of reservoir rock near shaft bottom, reservoir rock will be pressed off and generate crack.For
It keeps the crack pressed off to be in open configuration, continues to squeeze into the load fluid with proppant to reservoir.Local face-pumping group termination of pumping,
After load fluid returns row, the proppant stayed in crack can play the role of that crack is prevented to be closed completely, and make crack in clossing pressure
Effect is lower to keep certain opening degree, and forming one in reservoir with this provides the flowing space for fluid, has certain water conservancy diversion
The supporting crack of ability, to achieve the purpose that improve oil and gas flow condition and frscturing.Supporting crack flow conductivity is to comment
Valence supporting crack allows fluid from the index of ability, and mobility of the higher fluid of flow conductivity in supporting crack is better, more
Be conducive to frscturing.
Supporting crack flow conductivity is mainly by hydraulic fracture surface roughness and support agent parameter (including proppant grain size
And its distribution, laying concentration etc.) codetermine.Hydraulic fracture surface roughness mainly determines by the geological condition of the reservoir,
And the proppant grain size that is laid in crack is bigger, concentration is higher, then supporting crack flow conductivity is better.But proppant lays dense
The increase of degree can increase hydraulic fracturing construction cost and difficulty of construction, be unfavorable for oilfield economic and effectively develop.For specific
For reservoir, all there is an optimal support agent parameter.It must be opened for particular reservoir before carrying out hydraulic fracturing construction
The optimizing research of exhibition support agent parameter, that is, evaluate flow conductivity of the reservoir in the case where determining proppant Parameter Conditions, determine optimal
Support agent parameter.
Currently, ground prop crack is in determination after all mainly evaluating hydraulic fracturing by the method for laboratory experiment both at home and abroad
Flow conductivity under proppant Parameter Conditions.Laboratory experiment simulates supporting crack, and there are mainly two types of methods：One is in two blocks of steel
Proppant is filled between plate to simulate ground prop crack；Another kind is the underground rock core or same layer position using oil and gas reservoir section
Outcropping rock makes the smooth rock beam in surface, and proppant is filled in rock beam to simulate supporting crack.Two kinds of test methods all will
Subterranean fracture wall surface regards that smooth straight fracture surface, proppant are uniformly laid in crack as.However, after hydraulic fracturing
Ground prop crack is since tension or shear action form coarse crack, and rough rough surface can influence to support
The laying situation of agent, to influence supporting crack flow conductivity.It is simulated in steel plate or smooth rock beam central filler proppant
Ground prop crack is unpractical.
For more true simulation supporting crack flow conductivity, Freed et al. uses underground rock core or and oil and gas reservoir
Same layer position outcropping rock, manufactures the rock sample with coarse fracture surface, and fill proppant wherein in the way of manually cleaving
To simulate ground prop crack.The problem of this way, is that the rough surface morphology of rock sample is different after difference splitting, wherein
There are larger difference, experimental result is not used to instruct oil field hydraulic fracturing its flow conductivity when filling the proppant of same concentrations
Construction；It needs to apply high clossing pressure to rock sample and proppant when further, since carrying out the test of supporting crack flow conductivity, to rock
Sample rough surface can cause irreversible destruction, and rock sample can only be tested once after a pair of splitting, can not be repeated as many times and test,
Also it can not just carry out contrast experiment and study influence of the different support agent parameters to supporting crack flow conductivity.
Invention content
In view of the above-mentioned problems, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of optimizations of sandstone reservoir hydraulic fracturing proppants parameter
Method, this method make the artificial sand rock with hydraulically created fracture surface true form using true reservoir rock mineral constituent
Rock sample is carried out supporting crack flow conductivity using the rock sample and is tested, and ground prop is split after real simulation sandstone reservoir hydraulic fracturing
The seepage configuration of seam, accurate evaluation supporting crack flow conductivity, optimization support agent parameter.
To reach the above technical purpose, the present invention provides following technical scheme.
A kind of optimization method of sandstone reservoir hydraulic fracturing proppants parameter, includes the following steps：
S1, pit shaft data, reservoir basic physical property, fracture parameters, the reservoir fluid that will wait for pressure break sandstone reservoir first
In feature, manufacturing parameter input oil-gas reservoir productivity simulation software, simulation calculates reservoir productivity size under different fracture parameters, obtains
Optimal fracture condudtiviy needed for reservoir production；Simulation softward used is Eclipse, fixed in Case Definition modules
Adopted model solution basic parameter；Grid property is set in Grid modules；Oil gas water and rock PVT are set in PVT modules
Property；Reservoir model initiation parameter is set in Initialization modules；The setting production ginseng in Schedule modules
Number；
S2, the underground rock core for acquiring sandstone reservoir section make the identical original square of polylith size using rock sample cutting machine
Rock beam, size are long 176mm, width 36mm, high 50mm；
S3, using graver in the middle part of original square rock beam along the prefabricated cut of rock beam length direction, prefabricated cut is made
Rectangular rock beam；
S4, the rectangular rock beam of prefabricated cut in step S3 is put into rock beam splitting device；Rock beam splitting device is put in
On pressure-loaded frame, slowly pressurization is until the rectangular rock beam of prefabricated cut is broken into a pair of splitting with matte surface finish
Rock sample afterwards；
S5, rock sample rough surface topographic data after splitting is obtained using three-dimensional laser scanner, and calculate rock sample after splitting
Surface roughness values JRC；According to roughness value JRC and its distribution characteristics, the sandstone reservoir water can most be represented by choosing a pair
Force rock sample after the splitting for splitting fracture faces pattern；
S6, using wire cutting machine by rock sample both ends polishing after splitting selected in step S5 it is semi arch, is met
The rock sample of API diversion chamber shape criteria；
S7, the upper of the rock sample for meeting API diversion chamber shape criteria described in three-dimensional laser scanner obtaining step S6 is utilized
Lower two rough surface topographic datas, and be conducted into 3D printer, two up and down, compacting artificial sand rock rock sample is made respectively
The sampling die on surface；
S8, mineral constituent analysis and grain size analysis are carried out to the underground rock core of sandstone reservoir section；According to mineral constituent, granularity
Analysis result, screens and weighs according to the ratio the required mineral of making artificial sandstone rock sample, then by silicate cementing agent and above-mentioned mine
Object is sufficiently mixed the raw mixture for uniformly obtaining making artificial sandstone rock sample；
S9, the sampling die on two surfaces above and below the rock sample described in step S7 is packed into synthetic core sample sample preparation dress respectively
It sets, pours into the raw mixture of the making artificial sandstone rock sample described in step S8, sample preparation device is sent into forcing press, is forced into
10MPa and voltage stabilizing 30min, make the artificial sand rock of the rough morphology of lower surface containing rock sample and the rough morphology of upper surface containing rock sample respectively
Rock sample；
S10, support is determined according to sandstone reservoir strata pressure, minimum horizontal principal stress, effective stress coefficient, formation temperature
Fracture condudtiviy test condition；
It is S11, the artificial sand rock rock sample of the rough morphology of lower surface containing rock sample described in step S9 and upper surface containing rock sample is thick
The artificial sand rock rock sample of rough pattern is put into diversion chamber, and lays proppant therebetween；Artificial sand rock rock sample and branch will have been loaded
The diversion chamber for supportting agent is packed into flow conductivity test device, to water conservancy diversion greenhouse heating and loads clossing pressure, tests supporting crack water conservancy diversion
Ability；
S12, the different proppants for measuring the optimal supporting crack flow conductivity of the reservoir that step S1 is determined from step S11
Supporting crack flow conductivity is compared under Parameter Conditions, and final choice goes out optimal support agent parameter.
Further, in the step S5, rock sample surface roughness values JRC calculation process is as follows after splitting；
Increasing variable after splitting between rock sample surface bulge point is：
In formula：V (r) --- increase variable；
R --- step-length；
J --- the sample points in step-length r are one section of upper measurement point quantity that length is r on equal separated time；
N --- total sample points on the equal separated time are that measurement total on the equal separated time is counted；
yi--- the directions y any point coordinate on rock beam；
Z(yi) --- in yiThe height of the coarse point of section at point；
In lg [V (ri)] and lg (ri) relational graph in, there are linear relationships for the two, i.e.,：
lg[V(ri)]=δ lg (ri)+A (2)
Wherein：δ is the slope of equation, and A is the intercept of equation.
There are following relationships with slope δ for fractal dimension D：
Relationship between roughness value JRC and fractal dimension D is：
JRC=85.2671 (D-1)0.5679 (4)
According to rock sample surface roughness values JRC distribution characteristics after multipair splitting, choose and roughness value JRC average values
Rock sample surface represents the reservoir hydrfracturing fracture faces pattern after immediate splitting.
Further, in the step S10, supporting crack flow conductivity test condition includes that test temperature is pressed with closure
Power, test temperature are set according to formation temperature, and clossing pressure is determined using formula (5)：
σc=σh-αPp (5)
In formula：σc--- clossing pressure, MPa；
σh--- minimum horizontal principal stress, MPa；
α --- effective stress coefficient；
Pp--- pore pressure, MPa.
Further, in the step S11, flow conductivity test device includes diversion chamber, constant-flux pump, inlet valve, outlet
Valve, back-pressure valve, preheater, pressure-loaded frame, balance, pipeline, the constant-flux pump are sequentially connected inlet valve, preheating by pipeline
Device, diversion chamber, outlet valve, back-pressure valve, balance, pressure-loaded frame are set to diversion chamber top and bottom；
The diversion chamber, including upper piston cover board, upper piston, piston cushion rubber, diversion chamber's main body, lower piston, lower piston lid
Plate；Upper piston cover board connects upper piston, and lower piston cover board connects lower piston, and both ends are equipped in the middle part of diversion chamber's main body with arc end
Slot, is respectively used to connection upper piston and lower piston, placed between upper piston and lower piston the rough morphology of lower surface containing rock sample with
The artificial sand rock rock sample of the rough morphology of upper surface containing rock sample lays proppant, diversion chamber's main body front and rear sides difference therebetween
Equipped with fluid inlet and fluid outlet, and 4 heating holes are had on fluid inlet, at left and right sides of diversion chamber's main body
Two pressure sensing ports are respectively equipped with, and are equipped with active joint on pressure sensing port.
Further, it in the step S11, is as follows：
S11.1, the artificial sand rock rock sample of the rough morphology of lower surface containing rock sample described in step S9 is put into diversion chamber, is adjusted
Whole diversion chamber's bottom piston installation site makes its rough surface be located inside diversion chamber below pressure measurement port at 0.2mm, by setting
Proppant choice of parameters and weigh proppant, be laid on the artificial sand rock rock sample surface of lower surface rough morphology, will be walked
The artificial sand rock rock sample of the rough morphology of upper surface containing rock sample described in rapid S9 is fitted into diversion chamber, and diversion chamber is packed into flow conductivity
In the pressure-loaded frame of test device, inlet/outlet pipeline and pressure measurement pipeline are connected；
S11.2, it is heated up to the test temperature determined in step S10 to diversion chamber, temperature is measured every 30s with temperature sensor
Angle value, when adjacent test result twice difference within ± 1 DEG C, illustrate that system temperature reaches stable state；
S11.3, the clossing pressure determined in step S10, loading speed 3500kPa/min, pressure are forced into diversion chamber
Power measures the distance between pressure frame upper piston cover board and lower piston cover board changing value per 2min after being loaded onto setting value, works as phase
Adjacent 3 measurement results difference shows that system clossing pressure reaches stable state within 1.0%；When clossing pressure and temperature all
After reaching stable state, start to test；
S11.4, the deionized water that constant-flux pump injects degassing into diversion chamber is opened, flow rates should be controlled in 2mL/
Min-7mL/min tests the fluid flow that diversion chamber is flowed through under different proppant Parameter Conditions, diversion chamber's both ends pressure difference, calculates
Supporting crack flow conductivity.
Further, in the step S11.1, determine that proppant lays quality in diversion chamber using formula (6)：
M=CS (6)
In formula：M --- proppant lays quality, g；
C --- proppant lays concentration, g/cm2；
S --- lay area, cm2。
Further, in the step S11.4, supporting crack flow conductivity is calculated using formula (7)：
In formula：FCD--- flow conductivity, unit are darcy centimetre, Dcm；
Q --- fluid flow rate, unit are cubic centimetres per minute, cm3/min；
μ --- fluid viscosity under the conditions of test temperature, unit are mpas, mPas；
Δ p --- diversion chamber's both ends pressure difference, unit be kPa, kPa.
Further, in the step S11, support agent parameter includes proppant particles size and distribution, laying concentration etc., is led to
It crosses and tests supporting crack flow conductivity under different proppant Parameter Conditions, contrast test result and simulation result of calculation, optimization branch
Agent parameter is supportted to meet the needs of particular reservoir is to supporting crack flow conductivity, guidance is provided for pressing crack construction optimization.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows：
1, it the present invention provides a kind of optimization method of sandstone reservoir hydraulic fracturing proppants parameter, is carried through the invention
The method of confession, can batch making be identical as reservoir rock mineral constituent, mechanical property is close, rough surface pattern is true and unites
One rock sample efficiently solves the problems, such as that prior art preparation rock sample material therefor, surface topography difference are big, for reduction sandstone storage
Layer hydraulic fracturing real roughness fracture pattern simultaneously carries out physical simulation experiment offer largely unitized rock samples；
2, carry out supporting crack flow conductivity using the rock sample to test, it can underground after real simulation sandstone reservoir hydraulic fracturing
The seepage configuration of supporting crack, accurate evaluation supporting crack flow conductivity, sand can not accurately be optimized by efficiently solving the prior art
Rock reservoir hydrfracturing supports the problem of agent parameter；
3, using same sampling die, the identical rock sample of multiple rough surface patterns produced carries out different supports
Supporting crack flow conductivity test under the conditions of agent parameter, and test result and simulation result of calculation are compared and analyzed, it is
Optimization support agent parameter provides foundation.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is original square rock beam schematic diagram；
Fig. 2 is the rectangular rock beam schematic diagram of prefabricated cut；
Fig. 3 is rock beam splitting device structural schematic diagram；
Fig. 4 is rock sample schematic diagram after splitting；
Fig. 5 is the rock sample schematic diagram for meeting API diversion chamber shape criteria；
Fig. 6 is artificial sand rock rock sample sample preparation device structural schematic diagram；
Fig. 7 is diversion chamber's structural schematic diagram；
Fig. 8 is flow conductivity test device flow chart.
In figure：
1 be original square rock beam, 2 be prefabricated cut rectangular rock beam, 2-1 be prefabricated cut, 3 be rock beam splitting device,
3-1 is upper cutter head mounting plate, 3-2 is upper cutter head, 3-3 is rock plate clamp holder, 3-4 is lower cutter head, 3-5 is lower cutter head mounting plate, 4
It is upper rock sample after splitting for rock sample, 4-1 after splitting, 4-2 is lower rock sample after splitting, 4-3 is splitting crack, 5 to meet API water conservancy diversion
Rock sample, the 5-1 of chamber shape standard are the upper rock sample for meeting API diversion chamber shape criteria, 5-2 is to meet API water conservancy diversion chamber shape marks
Accurate lower rock sample, 5-3 be meet API diversion chamber shape criteria rock sample crack, 6 be artificial sand rock rock sample sample preparation device, on 6-1 is
Compacting cover board, 6-2 are upper compacting cover board/Piston attachment bolts hole, 6-3 is piston/above suppress cover board link bolt hole, 6-4 is
Piston, 6-5 are side shield, 6-6 is side shield demounting bolt hole, 6-7 is side shield fastening bolt holes, 6-8 is sampling die, 6-
9 is lower compacting cover board/side shield fastening bolt holes, 6-10 is lower compacting cover board, 7-1 is upper piston cover board, 7-2 be upper piston/
Cover board link bolt hole, 7-3 are upper piston demounting bolt hole, 7-4 is upper piston fastening bolt holes, 7-5 is upper piston, 7-6 is
Piston seal cushion rubber, 7-7 are diversion chamber's main body, 7-8 is water conservancy diversion greenhouse heating hole, 7-9 is diversion chamber's thermometer hole, 7-10 is fluid
Import/export, 7-11 are upper piston fixed bolt hole, 7-12 is upper piston fixing bolt, 7-13 is diversion chamber's pressure tap, 7-14 is
Under pressure measurement hole connector, 7-15 are lower piston fixed bolt hole, 7-16 is lower piston fixing bolt, 7-17 is lower piston, 7-18 is
Piston/cover board link bolt hole, 7-19 are lower piston demounting bolt hole, 7-20 is lower piston cover board, 7-21 is upper table containing rock sample
The artificial sand rock rock sample of face rough morphology, artificial sand rock rock sample, the 7-23 that 7-22 is the rough morphology of lower surface containing rock sample are support
Agent lay layer, 8 be constant-flux pump, 9 be inlet valve, 10 be preheater, 11 be outlet valve, 12 be back-pressure valve, 13 be balance, 14 be pressure
Power loading frame.
Specific implementation mode
The invention will be further described with example below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
A kind of optimization method of sandstone reservoir hydraulic fracturing proppants parameter, key step are as follows：
The optimal fracture condudtiviy of sandstone reservoir is calculated using simulation softward Eclipse；Utilize the underground of sandstone reservoir section
Rock core makes original square rock beam 1；In the 1 prefabricated cut 2-1 in middle part of original square rock beam；It is cleaved using rock beam splitting device 3 pre-
The rectangular rock beam 2 of cut processed is used in combination three-dimensional laser scanner to obtain 4 rough surface topographic data of rock sample after splitting；Calculate crack
Surface roughness values JRC, and the sandstone reservoir hydraulically created fracture table can most be represented according to roughness value JRC selection a pair
Rock sample 4 after the splitting of face pattern；Rock sample 4, which is further cut into, after the splitting that will be selected meets API diversion chamber shape criteria
Rock sample 5；The rough surface topographic data for the rock sample 5 for meeting API diversion chamber shape criteria is obtained using three-dimensional laser scanner；
According to rough surface topographic data 3D printer making artificial sandstone rock sample sampling die 6-8；To sandstone reservoir section underground rock
The heart carries out mineral constituent analysis and grain size analysis, and determine on this basis making artificial sandstone rock sample mineral constituent proportioning and
Particle diameter distribution；Quantitatively determine the required mineral that grain size weighs making artificial sandstone rock sample, is proportionally added into cementing agent, utilizes artificial sand
Rock rock sample sample preparation device 6 makes the artificial sand rock rock sample of simulation hydraulically created fracture true form (i.e.：Upper surface containing rock sample is coarse
The artificial sand rock rock sample 7-21 of pattern, the artificial sand rock rock sample 7-22 of the rough morphology of lower surface containing rock sample)；According to reservoir formation pressure
Power, minimum horizontal principal stress, effective stress coefficient, formation temperature etc. determine supporting crack flow conductivity test condition；Assembly is led
Flow chamber carries out the test of supporting crack flow conductivity；By supporting crack flow conductivity test result and the calculated water conservancy diversion of Eclipse
Capability result compares, and determines optimal support agent parameter.
A kind of optimization method of sandstone reservoir hydraulic fracturing proppants parameter, specifically includes the following steps successively：
(1) Daqing oil field sandstone well (code name X2 wells) is chosen, will wait for that pit shaft data, the reservoir of pressure break sandstone reservoir are basic
In physical property, fracture parameters, reservoir fluid feature, manufacturing parameter input oil-gas reservoir productivity simulation software, simulation calculates different
Reservoir productivity size under fracture parameters obtains optimal fracture condudtiviy；Simulation softward used is Eclipse, in Case
Model solution basic parameter defined in Definition modules；Grid property is set in Grid modules；It is arranged in PVT modules
Oil gas water and rock PVT properties；Reservoir model initiation parameter is set in Initialization modules；In Schedule
Producing well position defined in module, setting well section are connected to data, production system, simulated production time.Detailed simulation input ginseng
Number is as shown in table 1.
Productivity simulation input parameter after 1 X2 well pressure breaks of table
Simulation result of calculation shows that optimal fracture condudtiviy needed for sandstone reservoir production is 10~15Dcm；
(2) acquisition X2 well sandstone reservoir sections underground rock core makes long 176mm, width 36mm, high 50mm using rock sample cutting machine
Original square rock beam 1；
(3) graver is used, along the prefabricated cut 2-1 of rock beam length direction, prefabricated cut to be made at 1 middle part of original square rock beam
Rectangular rock beam 2；
(4) the rectangular rock beam 2 of prefabricated cut described in step (3) is put into rock beam splitting device；Rock beam is cleaved and is filled
It is placed on pressure-loaded frame 14, slowly pressurization is until the rectangular rock beam 2 of prefabricated cut is broken into a pair and has rough surface
Rock sample 4 after the splitting of form；
(5) it uses three-dimensional laser scanner to obtain 4 rough surface topographic data of rock sample after splitting, calculates rock sample 4 after splitting
The fractal dimension D of rough surface pattern；
Increasing variable after splitting between 4 surface bulge point of rock sample is：
In formula：V (r) --- increase variable；
R --- step-length；
J --- the sample points in step-length r are one section of upper measurement point quantity that length is r on equal separated time；
N --- total sample points on the equal separated time are that measurement total on the equal separated time is counted；
yi--- for the directions y any point coordinate on rock beam；
Z(yi) --- in yiThe height of the coarse point of section at point.
In lg [V (ri)] and lg (ri) relational graph in, there are linear relationships for the two, i.e.,：
lg[V(ri)]=δ lg (ri)+A (2)
Wherein：δ is the slope of equation, and A is the intercept of equation.
There are following relationships with slope δ for fractal dimension D：
Relationship between roughness value JRC and fractal dimension D is：
JRC=85.2671 (D-1)0.5679 (4)
The surface roughness values JRC result of calculations of rock sample 4 are as shown in table 2 after 5 pairs of splittings.
The different rock samples of table 2 cleave the rear surface roughness value JRC tables of comparisons
| Rock sample 4 is numbered after splitting | Roughness value JRC |
| S-1 | 14.5 |
| S-2 | 11.1 |
| S-3 | 13.6 |
| S-4 | 12.7 |
| S-5 | 12.0 |
(6) 4 surface roughness values JRC of rock sample after the splitting acquired in step (5), selection and roughness value
4 surface of rock sample represents the reservoir hydrfracturing fracture faces pattern after the immediate splitting of JRC average values；As shown in Table 2, at this
In experiment, the surface roughness values JRC of upper rock sample 4-1 and lower rock sample 4-2 after splitting are 11.1~14.5 after 5 pairs of splittings, point
Cloth is more concentrated, average value 12.78, thus S-4 rock sample fracture faces is selected to represent the sandstone reservoir hydraulically created fracture table
Face pattern；
(7) utilize wire cutting machine that 4 both ends of rock sample after splitting selected in step (6) are polished as the semicircle of diameter 36mm
Arc obtains the rock sample 5 for meeting API diversion chamber shape criteria；
(8) the upper rock sample 5- for meeting API diversion chamber shape criteria described in three-dimensional laser scanner obtaining step (7) is utilized
1 and meet the lower rock sample 5-2 rough surface topographic datas of API diversion chamber shape criteria；And be conducted into 3D printer, respectively
Make the sampling die 6-8 on two surfaces of compacting artificial sand rock rock sample or more；
(9) mineral constituent analysis and grain size analysis are carried out to sandstone reservoir section underground rock core, as a result as shown in Table 3 and Table 4：
3 X2 well reservoir core mineral constituents of table are analyzed
4 X2 well reservoir rock particle size distributions of table
| Granularity (mm) | <0.01 | 0.01~0.05 | 0.05~0.1 | 0.10~0.15 | 0.15~0.20 | 0.20~0.25 | >0.25 |
| Accounting (%) | 8 | 9 | 13 | 11 | 23 | 14 | 22 |
(10) step (9) mineral constituent, rock particles results of grain size analysis are utilized, screen and weighs making according to the ratio
The required mineral of artificial sand rock rock sample, then silicate cementing agent and above-mentioned mineral are sufficiently mixed uniformly, obtain making artificial sand
The raw mixture of rock rock sample；
(11) the sampling die 6-8 on two surfaces above and below the rock sample described in step (8) is packed into artificial sand rock rock respectively
In sample sample preparation device 6, the raw mixture of the making artificial sandstone rock sample described in step (10) is poured into, sample preparation device is sent into and is pressed
In power machine, it is forced into 10MPa and voltage stabilizing 30min, makes the artificial sand rock rock sample 7-21 of the rough morphology of upper surface containing rock sample respectively
With the artificial sand rock rock sample 7-22 of the rough morphology of lower surface containing rock sample；
The synthetic core sample sample preparation device 6 includes two upper compacting cover board 6-1 and lower compacting cover board 6-10, left and right side shields
6-5, piston 6-4 and sampling die 6-8, piston 6-4 suppress hold-down cover in cover board link bolt hole 6-3 connections by piston/above
The pedestal of plate 6-1, lower compacting cover board 6-10 as sampling die 6-8, is equipped with side shield demounting bolt hole 6- on side shield 6-5
6 and side shield fastening bolt holes 6-7；In preparation process, suppressed downwards with piston 6-4；
(12) X2 wells sandstone reservoir formation temperature is 89 DEG C, thereby determines that supporting crack flow conductivity test temperature is 89
℃；Strata pressure is 65MPa (depth in the middle part of reservoir), and minimum horizontal principal stress 92MPa, effective stress coefficient is 0.5, according to
Formula (5) determines that supporting crack flow conductivity test clossing pressure is 59.5MPa；
σc=σh-αPp (5)
In formula：σc--- clossing pressure, MPa；
σh--- minimum horizontal principal stress, MPa；
α --- effective stress coefficient, decimal；
Pp--- pore pressure, MPa.
(13) determine that proppant lays quality in diversion chamber using formula (6)：
M=CS (6)
In formula：M --- proppant lays quality, g；
C --- proppant lays concentration, g/cm2；
S --- lay area, cm2。
Proppant parameter setting is as shown in table 5：
5 proppant parameter setting of table
| Serial number | Proppant grain size (mesh) | Lay area (cm2) | Proppant lays concentration (g/cm2) | Proppant lays quality (g) |
| 1 | 40/70 | 64.5 | 0.2 | 12.9 |
| 2 | 40/70 | 64.5 | 0.5 | 32.25 |
| 3 | 30/50 | 64.5 | 0.2 | 12.9 |
| 4 | 30/50 | 64.5 | 0.5 | 32.25 |
| 5 | 20/40 | 64.5 | 0.2 | 12.9 |
| 6 | 20/40 | 64.5 | 0.5 | 32.25 |
(14) be ready for testing, carry out flow conductivity test used in flow conductivity test device include diversion chamber,
Constant-flux pump 8, inlet valve 9, preheater 10, outlet valve 11, back-pressure valve 12, balance 13, pressure-loaded frame 14, the constant-flux pump 8
It is sequentially connected inlet valve 9, preheater 10, diversion chamber main body 7-7, outlet valve 11, back-pressure valve 12, balance 13, pressure by pipeline
Loading frame 14 is set to diversion chamber top and bottom；The diversion chamber, including upper piston cover board 7-1, upper piston 7-5, piston seal
Cushion rubber 7-6, diversion chamber main body 7-7, lower piston 7-17, lower piston cover board 7-20；Upper piston cover board 7-1 connection upper piston 7-5, under
It is equipped with slot of the both ends with arc end in the middle part of piston cover board 7-20 connection lower piston 7-17, diversion chamber main body 7-7, is respectively used to connect
Upper piston 7-5 and lower piston 7-17, upper piston 7-5 and lower piston 7-17 install piston seal cushion rubber 7-6 and seal respectively,
The artificial sand rock rock sample 7-21 of the rough morphology of upper surface containing rock sample is placed between upper piston 7-5 and lower piston 7-17 and contains rock sample
The artificial sand rock rock sample 7-22 of lower surface rough morphology lays layer 7-23, diversion chamber's main body 7-7 between rock sample for proppant
Front and rear sides are respectively equipped with two fluid import/export 7-10, and 4 heating holes are had on the 7-10 of fluid import/export
7-8 is equipped with 2 diversion chamber pressure tap 7-13 in the sides diversion chamber main body 7-7, and sets pressure measurement on diversion chamber pressure tap 7-13
Hole connector 7-14 is arranged with 4 lower piston fixed bolt hole 7-15 in the lower parts diversion chamber main body 7-7, and solid by lower piston
Determine bolt 7-16 and fix the positions lower piston 7-17, it is ensured that proppant lays layer 7-23 alignment fluid inlet and outlet 7-10 and pressure detecting
Hole 7-13；The artificial sand rock rock sample 7-22 of the rough morphology of lower surface containing rock sample described in step (11) is put into diversion chamber main body 7-7
In, adjustment lower piston 7-17 installation sites make the positions artificial sand rock rock sample 7-22 of the rough morphology of lower surface containing rock sample in diversion chamber
At interior fluid import/export 7-10 or less 0.2mm, by the proppant grain size determined in step (13) and lays concentration screening and weigh
Proppant is laid on the surfaces artificial sand rock rock sample 7-22 of the rough morphology of lower surface containing rock sample, will be contained described in step (11)
The artificial sand rock rock sample 7-21 of rock sample upper surface rough morphology is fitted into diversion chamber main body 7-7, will load rock sample and proppant
Diversion chamber be fitted into the pressure-loaded frame 14 of short-term flow conductivity test device, connect inlet/outlet pipeline and pressure measurement pipeline；
(15) water conservancy diversion room temperature is arranged according to the test temperature set in step (12)；It is closed according to what is set in step (12)
The on-load pressure of pressure testing machine, loading speed 3500kPa/min is arranged in resultant pressure；
(16) it opens constant-flux pump 8 and is slowly injected into fluid into diversion chamber, flow rates should be controlled in 2-7mL/min, be utilized
Short-term flow conductivity test device tests different support agent parameters dirty fluid flows and diversion chamber both ends through diversion chamber respectively
Pressure difference, and calculate supporting crack flow conductivity；
Supporting crack flow conductivity is calculated using formula (7)：
In formula：FCD--- flow conductivity, unit are darcy centimetre, Dcm；
Q --- fluid flow rate, unit are cubic centimetres per minute, cm3/min；
μ --- fluid viscosity under the conditions of test temperature, unit are mpas, mPas；
Δ p --- diversion chamber's both ends pressure difference, unit be kPa, kPa.
Supporting crack flow conductivity is as shown in table 6 under different proppant Parameter Conditions.
6 flow conductivity test data of table
| Serial number | Temperature (DEG C) | Clossing pressure (MPa) | Proppant grain size (mesh) | Proppant lays concentration (kg/m2) | Flow conductivity (μm2·cm) |
| 1 | 89 | 59.5 | 40/70 | 2 | 0.97 |
| 2 | 89 | 59.5 | 40/70 | 5 | 6.45 |
| 3 | 89 | 59.5 | 30/50 | 2 | 1.35 |
| 4 | 89 | 59.5 | 30/50 | 5 | 9.04 |
| 5 | 89 | 59.5 | 20/40 | 2 | 4.01 |
| 6 | 89 | 59.5 | 20/40 | 5 | 12.18 |
(17) by the obtained optimal flow conductivity value in crack in the flow conductivity test result combination step (1) of table 6, really
Determine 20/40 mesh of grain size, lay concentration 5kg/m2For the optimal support agent parameter of the reservoir.
The above described is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, be not intended to limit the present invention in any form, though
So the present invention has been disclosed as a preferred embodiment, and however, it is not intended to limit the invention, any technology people for being familiar with this profession
Member, without departing from the scope of the present invention, when the technology contents using the disclosure above make a little change or modification
For the equivalent embodiment of equivalent variations, as long as being the content without departing from technical solution of the present invention, according to the technical essence of the invention
To any simple modification, equivalent change and modification made by above example, in the range of still falling within technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of optimization method of sandstone reservoir hydraulic fracturing proppants parameter, which is characterized in that include the following steps：
S1, will wait for first the pit shaft data of pressure break sandstone reservoir, reservoir basic physical property, fracture parameters, reservoir fluid feature,
Manufacturing parameter inputs in oil-gas reservoir productivity simulation software, and simulation calculates reservoir productivity size under different fracture parameters, determines the storage
Optimal fracture condudtiviy needed for layer production；Simulation softward used is Eclipse, defined in Case Definition modules
Model solution basic parameter；Grid property is set in Grid modules；Oil gas water and rock PVT are set in PVT modules
Matter；Reservoir model initiation parameter is set in Initialization modules；Manufacturing parameter is set in Schedule modules；
S2, the underground rock core for acquiring sandstone reservoir section make the identical original square rock beam of polylith size using rock sample cutting machine,
Size is long 176mm, width 36mm, high 50mm；
S3, using graver in the middle part of original square rock beam along the prefabricated cut of rock beam length direction, the rectangular of prefabricated cut is made
Rock beam；
S4, the rectangular rock beam of prefabricated cut in step S3 is put into rock beam splitting device；Rock beam splitting device is put in pressure
On loading frame, slowly pressurization is until the rectangular rock beam of prefabricated cut is broken into rock after a pair of splitting with matte surface finish
Sample；
S5, rock sample rough surface topographic data after splitting is obtained using three-dimensional laser scanner, and calculate rock sample surface after splitting
Roughness value JRC；According to roughness value JRC and its distribution characteristics, the sandstone reservoir waterpower pressure can most be represented by choosing a pair
Split rock sample after the splitting of fracture faces pattern；
S6, using wire cutting machine by rock sample both ends polishing after splitting selected in step S5 it is semi arch, acquisition meets API and leads
The rock sample of flow chamber shape criteria；
S7, up and down the two of the rock sample for meeting API diversion chamber shape criteria described in three-dimensional laser scanner obtaining step S6 are utilized
A rough surface topographic data, and be directed respectively into 3D printer, two up and down, compacting artificial sand rock rock sample is made respectively
The sampling die on surface；
S8, mineral constituent analysis and grain size analysis are carried out to the underground rock core of sandstone reservoir section；According to mineral constituent, grain size analysis
As a result, screening and weighing according to the ratio the required mineral of making artificial sandstone rock sample, then silicate cementing agent and above-mentioned mineral are filled
Divide and be uniformly mixed, obtains the raw mixture of making artificial sandstone rock sample；
S9, the sampling die on two surfaces above and below the compacting artificial sand rock rock sample described in step S7 is packed into synthetic core sample respectively
Sample preparation device pours into the raw mixture of the making artificial sandstone rock sample described in step S8, and sample preparation device is sent into forcing press,
It is forced into 10MPa and voltage stabilizing 30min, makes the people of the rough morphology of lower surface containing rock sample and the rough morphology of upper surface containing rock sample respectively
Make sandstone rock sample；
S10, supporting crack is determined according to sandstone reservoir strata pressure, minimum horizontal principal stress, effective stress coefficient, formation temperature
Flow conductivity test condition；
S11, by the coarse shape of the artificial sand rock rock sample of the rough morphology of lower surface containing rock sample described in step S9 and upper surface containing rock sample
The artificial sand rock rock sample of looks is put into diversion chamber, and lays proppant therebetween；Artificial sand rock rock sample and proppant will have been loaded
Diversion chamber be packed into flow conductivity test device, to water conservancy diversion greenhouse heating and load clossing pressure, test supporting crack flow conductivity；
S12, the different support agent parameters for measuring the optimal supporting crack flow conductivity of the reservoir and step S11 that step S1 is determined
Under the conditions of supporting crack flow conductivity compared, final choice goes out optimal support agent parameter.
2. a kind of optimization method of sandstone reservoir hydraulic fracturing proppants parameter according to claim 1, which is characterized in that
The step S5 chooses flat with roughness value JRC according to rock sample surface roughness values JRC distribution characteristics after multipair splitting
Rock sample surface represents the reservoir hydrfracturing fracture faces pattern after the immediate splitting of mean value.
3. a kind of optimization method of sandstone reservoir hydraulic fracturing proppants parameter according to claim 1, which is characterized in that
The step S11, is as follows：
S11.1, the artificial sand rock rock sample of the rough morphology of lower surface containing rock sample described in step S9 is put into diversion chamber, adjustment is led
Flow chamber bottom piston installation site makes artificial sand rock rock sample rough surface be located inside diversion chamber below pressure measurement port at 0.2mm,
By setting proppant choice of parameters and weigh proppant, be laid on the artificial sand rock rock of the rough morphology of lower surface containing rock sample
The artificial sand rock rock sample of the rough morphology of upper surface containing rock sample described in step S9 is fitted into diversion chamber, by diversion chamber by sample surface
It is fitted into the pressure-loaded frame of flow conductivity test device, connects inlet/outlet pipeline and pressure measurement pipeline；
S11.2, the formation temperature determined in step S10 is heated up to diversion chamber, with temperature sensor every 30s measuring temperatures
Value, when adjacent test result twice difference within ± 1 DEG C, illustrate that system temperature reaches stable state；
S11.3, the clossing pressure determined in step S10, loading speed 3500kPa/min are forced into diversion chamber, pressure adds
The distance between pressure frame upper piston cover board and lower piston cover board changing value are measured per 2min after being loaded onto setting value, when adjacent 3
Secondary measurement result difference shows that system clossing pressure reaches stable state within 1.0%；All reach in clossing pressure and temperature
After stable state, start to test supporting crack flow conductivity；
S11.4, the deionized water that constant-flux pump injects degassing into diversion chamber is opened, flow rates should be controlled in 2mL/min-
7mL/min tests the fluid flow that diversion chamber is flowed through under different proppant Parameter Conditions, diversion chamber's both ends pressure difference, calculates support
Fracture condudtiviy.
4. a kind of optimization method of sandstone reservoir hydraulic fracturing proppants parameter according to claim 3, which is characterized in that
In the step S11.1, determine that proppant lays quality in diversion chamber using formula (1)：
M=CS (1)
In formula：The proppant quality of M --- laying, kg；
C --- proppant lays concentration, kg/m2；
S --- lay area, m2。
5. a kind of optimization method of sandstone reservoir hydraulic fracturing proppants parameter according to claim 1, which is characterized in that
In the step S11, support agent parameter includes proppant particles size and distribution, lays concentration, is joined by testing different proppants
Supporting crack flow conductivity under said conditions, contrast test result and simulation result of calculation, optimization support agent parameter are specific to meet
Demand of the reservoir to supporting crack flow conductivity provides guidance for pressing crack construction optimization.
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