CN113984486A - Preparation method of loose sandstone fractured rock sample with preset open hole - Google Patents
Preparation method of loose sandstone fractured rock sample with preset open hole Download PDFInfo
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- CN113984486A CN113984486A CN202111220833.5A CN202111220833A CN113984486A CN 113984486 A CN113984486 A CN 113984486A CN 202111220833 A CN202111220833 A CN 202111220833A CN 113984486 A CN113984486 A CN 113984486A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
- G01N1/36—Embedding or analogous mounting of samples
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
- G01N1/286—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q involving mechanical work, e.g. chopping, disintegrating, compacting, homogenising
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
- G01N1/36—Embedding or analogous mounting of samples
- G01N2001/366—Moulds; Demoulding
Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation method of a loose sandstone fractured rock sample with a preset open hole. The method comprises the following steps: 1) coaxially placing a thick-wall cylindrical die on a base; a disc with a circular upright column is arranged in the thick-wall cylindrical die; 2) filling the mixed sand material into the thick-wall cylindrical mold set in the step 1) to obtain a loose sandstone rock sample with a preset open hole structure; 3) placing a cushion block on the top of the thick-wall cylindrical die arranged in the step 2), wherein the cushion block can slide along the inner wall of the thick-wall cylindrical die; 4) and (3) loading axial stress to the top end of the cushion block set in the step 3) to a preset value for pressing the rock sample so as to simulate the stratum compaction effect, and thus obtaining the loose sandstone fractured rock sample with the preset open hole. The method really discloses the fracture initiation and extension rule of the loose sandstone in a more efficient and economic mode, and obtains an ideal simulation result by comparing the fracture initiation and extension rule with a site fracturing construction result.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of oil and gas well drilling engineering, and relates to a preparation method of a loose sandstone fractured rock sample with a preset open hole, in particular to a loose sandstone fractured rock sample with a preset open hole and a preparation method thereof, and a device system for preparing the loose sandstone fractured rock sample with a preset open hole structure.
Background
The loose sandstone oil and gas reserves are very rich, and the yield of the loose sandstone oil and gas reserves plays an important role in the total yield of crude oil.
The unconsolidated sandstone reservoir has the problems that sand is easy to generate in the mining process, reservoir rock has low strength and medium-high pore permeability characteristics, the fracture initiation and extension mechanism is different from that of a conventional low-permeability compact reservoir, and the initiation and extension rule is complex, the influence rule of a fracturing fluid system, performance parameters and construction parameters on the fracture form is not known, the unconsolidated sandstone reservoir is important to further mining due to high reserve ratio, and the unconsolidated sandstone reservoir is indispensable as the common fracturing in a production increase measure. Therefore, research on unconsolidated sandstone fracturing is of high importance for the stimulation of unconsolidated sandstone reservoirs.
Fracturing in unconsolidated sands is related to many factors, but because unconsolidated sand reservoirs are buried shallowly, the consolidation strength is loose and the pore permeability is generally high due to light compaction. This leads to the problem that the rock matrix is likely to first compact under compression and that the mechanical changes at the fracture tip are complicated by the occurrence of plastic deformation. This is also the reason why most fracture mechanics models for hard and brittle rocks are nowadays poorly adapted. In addition, the fracture initiation and extension mechanism of the unconsolidated sandstone reservoir is very complex, various rock deformation damage mechanisms such as stretching, shearing and even compaction can be involved, the fracture morphology is obviously influenced by reservoir physical properties, fracturing fluid characteristics, construction parameters and the like, and the possibility of difficult fracture creation exists. The existing experiment shows that in the fracturing process of loose sandstone, the front of the tip of a crack is often subjected to shear failure due to the increase of pore pressure to generate plastic deformation, and then the crack begins to expand and extend under the action of tensile stress, the fracturing fluid has obvious influence on the fracturing mechanism of loose sandstone, the fracturing fluid with high fluid efficiency and small filtration loss is beneficial to forming simple and flat cracks, and the fracturing fluid with low fluid efficiency and large filtration loss is easy to form multi-branch complex-form cracks.
At present, no definite theory exists for the fracture initiation and extension mechanism of the unconsolidated sandstone fracture, but it is very important to develop a fracturing experiment and provide reasonable construction suggestions for a unconsolidated sandstone reservoir needing fracturing. Therefore, the loose sandstone needs to be developed and fractured for research, and a reasonable suggestion is provided for the site fracturing construction.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a preparation method of loose sandstone fractured rock samples with preset open hole wellbores; the invention provides a loose sandstone fractured rock sample with a preset open hole well and a preparation method thereof, and also provides a device system for preparing the loose sandstone fractured rock sample with the preset open hole well structure.
The invention provides a preparation method of a loose sandstone fractured rock sample with a preset open hole well, which comprises the following steps:
1) coaxially placing a thick-wall cylindrical die on a base; a disc with a circular upright column is arranged in the thick-wall cylindrical die; the circular disc with the circular column is formed by connecting a circular disc with the same inner diameter as the thick-wall cylindrical die with a circular column member at the center of the circular disc;
2) filling the mixed sand material into the thick-wall cylindrical mold set in the step 1) to obtain a loose sandstone rock sample with a preset open hole structure;
3) placing a cushion block on the top of the thick-wall cylindrical die set in the step 2), wherein the cushion block can slide along the inner wall of the thick-wall cylindrical die;
4) and (3) loading axial stress to the top end of the cushion block set in the step 3) to a preset value for pressing the rock sample so as to simulate the stratum compaction effect, and thus obtaining the loose sandstone fractured rock sample with the preset open hole.
In the above method, the thick-walled cylindrical mold is made of stainless steel;
the disc with the circular upright post is made of stainless steel, and particularly 304 stainless steel can be adopted to ensure the strength of the equipment;
the bottom of the disc with the circular stand column is provided with a threaded hole, so that the shaft can be conveniently taken back after the hydraulic fracturing experiment is finished.
In the step 4), an axial stress is loaded to the top end of the cushion block through an axial loading system;
the axial loading system comprises an axial loading plunger pump, a pressure sensor and a data acquisition system;
the belt preset open hole structure is coaxially arranged on the axial loading plunger pump, and the axial loading plunger pump is used for providing axial pressure for pressing a rock sample;
the pressure sensor is arranged on the outer side of the base and used for monitoring the applied axial pressure in real time; the pressure sensor is connected with the data acquisition system, and the data acquisition system is used for acquiring and displaying axial pressure data and rock sample pressing time.
In the above method, the data acquisition system controls the loading process of the axial loading plunger pump by setting the loading parameter of the axial pressure.
In the above method, the mixed sand material includes quartz sand, montmorillonite, illite, and water.
In the above method, the silica sand has a compressive strength of 60MPa or more.
In the invention, the particle size of the quartz sand and the mass percentage of the quartz sand in the mixed sand material are preset according to the experimental requirements; and changing the permeability of the unconsolidated sandstone formation by changing the particle size of the quartz sand, the content proportion of the quartz sand and the compaction degree.
The compression strength of the loose sandstone is changed by controlling the content proportion and the compaction degree of montmorillonite and illite clay minerals in the mixed sand material by mass percentage;
the compaction degree of the loose sandstone can be changed by controlling the magnitude of the axial stress and the time for applying the axial stress.
In the above method, the method further comprises removing the pre-existing open hole wellbore structure.
In the method, the data acquisition system is closed, the axial loading plunger pump is decompressed, the pressure sensor is recovered, and the loose sandstone is retrieved and stored.
In the method, the diameter of the column in the disc with the circular column can be changed to achieve the purpose of changing the size of the preset open hole.
The invention also provides the loose sandstone fractured rock sample with the preset open hole well prepared by the method.
The invention also provides a preset open hole structure for preparing the loose sandstone fractured rock sample, which comprises the base, the thick-wall cylindrical die and the disc with the circular stand column;
the thick-wall cylindrical die is coaxially arranged on the base;
and the disc with the circular stand column is arranged in the thick-wall cylindrical die to prepare a hole reserved for the loose sandstone rock sample, and the hole is used for preparing the loose sandstone rock sample with a preset open hole.
The invention further provides a device system for preparing the loose sandstone fractured rock sample, which comprises the preset open hole structure, the axial loading system and the bracket;
the bracket is used for supporting the axial loading system.
The invention has the following advantages:
1. the thick-wall cylindrical die made of stainless steel and the disc with the circular stand column are beneficial to preparing loose sandstone rock samples with preset open hole wellbores, and the wellbores are used as hydraulic fracturing simulation tests of loose sandstone, so that the fracture initiation and extension processes of the loose sandstone in the stratum during fracturing can be well reduced.
2. By preparing the loose sandstone rock sample with the preset open hole, the condition that the artificial rock sample property and the underground working condition are consistent with the actual production is met, and a powerful theoretical basis can be provided for exploring the fracture initiation and extension mechanism of the loose sandstone.
3. Compared with the traditional core preparation method, the method has higher success rate, can more truly disclose the fracture initiation and extension rules of the unconsolidated sandstone in a more efficient and economic mode, and obtains an ideal simulation result by comparing with the site fracturing construction result.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of an apparatus system for preparing a fractured rock sample of loose sandstone with a preset open hole in example 1 of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic representation of a pre-set open hole configuration with zones in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a top view of FIG. 2;
the reference numbers are as follows:
the device comprises a support 1, a cushion block 2, a thick-wall cylinder mould 3, a base 4, an axial loading plunger pump 5, a mixed sand material 6, a disc with a circular upright column 7, a pressure sensor 8 and a computer control system 9.
Detailed Description
The preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings so that the objects, features and advantages of the invention can be more clearly understood. It should be understood that the embodiments shown in the drawings are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, but are merely intended to illustrate the spirit of the technical solution of the present invention.
The method is used for developing an indoor test to reveal the fracture initiation and extension mechanism of the loose sandstone fracture, providing support for theoretical analysis and numerical simulation comprehensive research and further providing reasonable suggestions for on-site fracturing construction.
As shown in figure 1, the device system for preparing the loose sandstone fractured rock sample with the preset open hole is composed of a preset open hole structure, an axial loading plunger pump 5 and a support 1.
And the axial loading plunger pump 5 is used for providing axial pressure for pressing the rock sample.
A pressure sensor 8 for monitoring the applied axial pressure in real time.
And the data acquisition system 9 is used for displaying the acquisition pressing time and the applied axial pressure.
And the bracket 1 is used for supporting the whole axial loading system.
As shown in fig. 2, in order to simulate a loose sandstone rock sample as truly as possible, the preset open hole structure provided by the invention mainly comprises:
a base 4 coaxially disposed on the axial loading plunger pump 5 for placing the thick-walled cylinder mold 3 (specifically made of stainless steel) and the circular disc 7 with the circular upright column (specifically made of stainless steel); the disc 7 with the circular upright column is formed by connecting a disc with the same inner diameter as the thick-wall cylindrical die 3 and a circular upright column component at the center of the disc;
the thick-wall cylindrical die 3 is coaxially arranged on the base 4, and an annular space formed by the thick-wall cylindrical die is used for filling the mixed sand 6;
and the disc 7 with the circular upright column is coaxially placed inside the thick-wall cylindrical die 3 and is used for presetting the interior of the loose sandstone rock sample.
Of course, the above components are not all necessary and can be changed according to the needs.
Specifically, according to an embodiment of the present invention, when the above system is used for making loose sandstone samples with preset open holes, the following operations are mainly performed:
1) coaxially placing a thick-wall cylindrical die 3 on a base 4, placing a disc 7 with a circular upright column inside the thick-wall cylindrical die 3, and inverting the mixed sand 6 into the thick-wall cylindrical die 3;
2) the assembled pre-set open hole structure is placed coaxially over the axially loaded plunger pump 5. The pressure sensor 8 is arranged outside the axial loading base 4;
3) the cushion block 2 is coaxially placed inside the thick-walled cylindrical mold 3, and the cushion block 2 can slide along the inner wall of the thick-walled cylindrical mold 3.
4) And (5) starting the data acquisition system 9, and controlling the loading process of the axial loading plunger pump 5 by setting loading parameters.
Further, the method comprises the following steps: and closing the data acquisition system 9, decompressing the axial loading plunger pump 5, detaching the preset open hole structure, recovering the pressure sensor 8, and taking back and storing the loose sandstone.
Further, loose sandstone rock samples with different permeabilities and preset open hole wellbores can be manufactured by repeating the steps by adjusting the content ratio of the quartz sand.
Furthermore, the compaction degree of the rock sample can be controlled by adjusting the pressing time of the rock sample.
Furthermore, the compression strength of the rock sample can be controlled by adjusting the magnitude of the pressing axial pressure of the rock sample.
Further, the time for pressing the rock sample should be controlled to be more than 1 h.
Further, a pressure sensor is mounted on the base for monitoring the magnitude of the applied axial pressure.
Furthermore, the diameter of the column in the circular disc with the circular column can be changed to achieve the purpose of changing the size of the preset open hole.
It should be noted that, the above steps are not all necessarily provided, and the sequence is not limited thereto, and may be adjusted according to actual operations.
Example 1 loose sandstone fractured rock sample with preset open hole and preparation method thereof
As shown in figure 1, the device system for preparing the loose sandstone fractured rock sample with the preset open hole mainly comprises a preset open hole structure, an axial loading system and a support 1.
As shown in fig. 2 and 3, the preset open hole structure comprises: a base 4, a thick-walled cylindrical mold 3 coaxial with the base, a circular disc 7 with a circular column placed inside the thick-walled cylindrical mold 3 coaxially with the base 4, and a mixed sand material 6 filled inside the thick-walled cylindrical mold 3.
As shown in fig. 1, the axial loading system comprises: an axial loading plunger pump 5, a pressure sensor 8 placed on the base 4, and a data acquisition system 9.
Preferably, the circular disc 7 with the circular column is not fixed on the base 4, so that the size of the reserved open hole of the loose sandstone rock sample can be changed by changing the diameter of the column in the circular disc 7 with the circular column.
Preferably, the experimental device is changed to prepare the loose sandstone rock sample with the reserved open hole by reserving the disc 7 with the circular stand column in the loose sandstone rock sample when preparing the loose sandstone rock sample.
Preferably, the bottom of the disc 7 with the circular column is provided with a threaded hole, so that the shaft can be conveniently withdrawn after the hydraulic fracturing experiment is finished.
Preferably, the thick-wall cylindrical die 3 is made of 304 stainless steel to ensure the strength of the device.
The preparation process comprises the following steps:
1) coaxially placing a thick-walled cylinder mold 3 on a base 4; a disc 7 with a circular upright column is arranged inside the thick-wall cylindrical die 3;
2) filling the mixed sand material into the thick-wall cylindrical mold 3 arranged in the step 1) to obtain a loose sandstone rock sample with a preset open hole structure;
3) placing a cushion block 2 on the top of the thick-wall cylindrical die 3 arranged in the step 2), wherein the cushion block 2 can slide along the inner wall of the thick-wall cylindrical die 3;
4) the structure with the preset open hole is coaxially arranged on an axial loading plunger pump 5, and the axial loading plunger pump 5 is used for providing axial pressure for pressing a rock sample; the outer side of the base 4 is provided with a pressure sensor 8 for monitoring the applied axial pressure 8 in real time, the pressure sensor 8 is connected with a data acquisition system 9, the data acquisition system 9 is used for acquiring and displaying axial pressure data and rock sample pressing time, and the data acquisition system controls the loading process of the axial loading plunger pump by setting loading parameters of the axial pressure; loading axial stress to the top end of the cushion block 2 arranged in the step 3) to a preset value for pressing a rock sample so as to simulate stratum compaction, and obtaining a loose sandstone fracturing rock sample with a preset open hole;
and then closing the data acquisition system 9, decompressing the axial loading plunger pump 5, recovering the pressure sensor 8, and taking back and storing the loose sandstone fractured rock sample with the preset open hole.
The foregoing embodiments are merely illustrative of the present invention, and various components and devices of the embodiments may be changed or eliminated as desired, not all components shown in the drawings are necessarily required, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present application. Therefore, the present application is not limited to the embodiments described herein, and all equivalent changes and modifications based on the technical solutions of the present invention should not be excluded from the scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A preparation method of loose sandstone fractured rock samples with preset open hole wellbores is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) coaxially placing a thick-wall cylindrical die on a base; a disc with a circular upright column is arranged in the thick-wall cylindrical die; the circular disc with the circular column is formed by connecting a circular disc with the same inner diameter as the thick-wall cylindrical die with a circular column member at the center of the circular disc;
2) filling the mixed sand material into the thick-wall cylindrical mold set in the step 1) to obtain a loose sandstone rock sample with a preset open hole structure;
3) placing a cushion block on the top of the thick-wall cylindrical die set in the step 2), wherein the cushion block can slide along the inner wall of the thick-wall cylindrical die;
4) and (3) loading axial stress to the top end of the cushion block set in the step 3) to a preset value for pressing the rock sample so as to simulate the stratum compaction effect, and thus obtaining the loose sandstone fractured rock sample with the preset open hole.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein: the thick-wall cylinder mould is made of stainless steel;
the disc with the circular upright post is made of stainless steel;
the bottom of the disc with the circular upright post is provided with a threaded hole.
3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: in the step 4), loading axial stress to the top end of the cushion block through an axial loading system;
the axial loading system comprises an axial loading plunger pump, a pressure sensor and a data acquisition system;
the belt preset open hole structure is coaxially arranged on the axial loading plunger pump;
the pressure sensor is arranged on the outer side of the base and used for monitoring the applied axial pressure in real time; the pressure sensor is connected with the data acquisition system, and the data acquisition system is used for acquiring and displaying axial pressure data and rock sample pressing time.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein: the data acquisition system controls the loading process of the axial loading plunger pump by setting the loading parameter of the axial pressure.
5. The method according to any one of claims 1-4, wherein: the mixed sand material comprises quartz sand, montmorillonite, illite and water.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein: the compressive strength of the quartz sand is more than or equal to 60 MPa.
7. The loose sandstone fractured rock sample with the preset open hole well bore prepared by the method of any one of claims 1 to 6.
8. A pre-set open hole wellbore configuration for the preparation of loose sandstone fractured rock samples as described in claim 7, wherein: the device comprises the base, the thick-wall cylindrical die and the disc with the circular upright post;
the thick-wall cylindrical die is coaxially arranged on the base;
the disc with the circular stand column is arranged in the thick-wall cylindrical die and is used for preparing loose sandstone samples with preset open hole holes.
9. An apparatus system for the preparation of loose sandstone fractured rock samples described in claim 7, wherein: it includes the tape pre-placement open hole wellbore configuration of claim 8, the axial loading system of claim 3, the cradle;
the bracket is used for supporting the axial loading system.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114922598A (en) * | 2022-04-11 | 2022-08-19 | 中海石油(中国)有限公司 | Experimental device and method for loose sandstone sample preparation and fracturing simulation |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114922598A (en) * | 2022-04-11 | 2022-08-19 | 中海石油(中国)有限公司 | Experimental device and method for loose sandstone sample preparation and fracturing simulation |
| CN114922598B (en) * | 2022-04-11 | 2023-11-21 | 中海石油(中国)有限公司 | Experimental device and method for loose sandstone sample preparation and fracturing simulation |
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